CCVP Prep: Cisco IP Telephony Essentials: BRKCRT-2201

Session ID
13615_05_2007_c1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
CCVP Prep:
Cisco IP Telephony
Essentials
BRKCRT-2201
RKCRT-2201
© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

13615_05_2007_c1.scr
Session Goals
1. Cisco Certified Voice Professional
2. To grasp the “big picture” behind VoIP
3. To deliver key concepts and configurations related to

the current CVOICE certification exam
Exam Tip!
4. To demonstrate on live equipment the methods used
to configure a working VoIP network
Session ID
Disclaimer
This session will strictly adhere to Cisco’s rules of

confidentiality
We may not be able to address your specific question
If you have taken the exam please refrain from asking questions
from the exam
We will be available after the session to direct you to resources
to assist with specific questions or to provide clarification
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Cisco Certified Voice Professional
“Earning a CCVP certification validates a robust set of skills in
implementing, operating, configuring, and troubleshooting a
converged IP network. The certification content focuses on Cisco
Systems CallManager, quality of service (QoS), gateways,
gatekeepers, IP phones, voice applications, and utilities on Cisco
routers and Cisco Catalyst switches.”
642-432 CVOICE
642-444 CIPT 4.X (Windows) / 642-445 CIPT 5.X (Linux)
642-642 QoS
642-425 IPTT (Retiring 10.2.2007) / 642-426 TUC
642-453 GW/GK
Session ID
Exam Topics 642-432

Describe the similarities and differences between
legacy TDM and VoIP
Configure a router so that a basic IP Telephony call can
be completed
Troubleshoot a basic IP telephony configuration
Successfully integrate a basic IP telephony network into
the existing PSTN network
Describe the basic operation and components involved
in a VoIP call
Successfully connect a basic VoIP network to the PSTN
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Exam Format
Test Practical Implementation Skills of VoIP
Question formats
Declarative
Procedural
Complex procedural (simulation)
Drag and drop
Avoided question formats

“Trick questions”
Version dependencies
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Exam Format—Declarative
A Declarative Exam Item Tests Simple Recall of
Pertinent Facts:
What is the optimal end-to-end delay that should be
achieved in a VoIP network?
A. 20 ms
B. 100 ms
C. 150 ms
D. 400 ms
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Exam Format—Procedural
A Procedural Exam Item Tests the Ability to Apply Knowledge
to Solve a Given Issue:
You are the network technician at Widgets Inc. Your newly
appointed trainee wants to know what the connection tie-line
command emulates. What will your reply be?
A. A temporary connection to a PBX.

B. A permanent connection to a PBX.
C. A temporary connection to the PSTN.
D. A permanent connection to the PSTN.
E. A permanent connection to the network.
Session ID
Exam Format—Complex Procedural

A Complex Procedural Exam Item Tests the
Ability to Apply Multiple Knowledge Points to
Solve a Given Issue:
Configure POTS and VoIP dial-peers to ensure the analog
phone can reach the PSTN. The phone number of the
analog phone connected to port 1/0/0 is 4805980111.
Router Router
POTS
Analog Phone
Workstation
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Exam Format—Drag and Drop
Click and drag the dial peer to the phone number it would match. Answers
may be used more than once or may not be used at all.
dial-peer voice 5 pots

destination-pattern .T 5551 Place Here
port 1/0/0

destination-pattern 555[1-2].. 5551199 Place Here
port 1/0/1

destination-pattern 5551 555121 Place Here
port 1/0/2

destination-pattern 545118. 5451181 Place Here
port 1/0/3
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Outline
The Vision and Benefits of VoIP

The Phases of VoIP Growth
Centralized and Decentralized Call
Management
Dial-Peer Concepts and Configuration
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IP Telephony: The Vision
What networks look like today

Why an organization would use IP
Telephony
What it takes to move to IP Telephony
Phase One Migration
Phase Two Migration
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Networks Today
Separate networks for voice, video, and data

applications
Difficult to integrate applications
Voice network not designed to handle
data+voice+video demands
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Converged Networks
By combining all communication methods into a single

network infrastructure, INSANELY cool things are
possible
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Why an Organization Would Use IP

Telephony
Hard Cost Savings
¾Moves/Adds/Changes to the phone system
Reduced wiring in new buildings
Reduced expenses for telecommuters/branch offices
IT staff consolidation
Free long distance (Toll Bypass)
Application consolidation
¾Lower transmission Costs
Soft Cost Savings

Single inbox for messages (voicemail/fax/email)
Extension mobility (saves office space)
Internet Website integration into phone system (customers love it)
¾Open architecture (invites multi-vendor integrations)
Exam Tip!
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Phase One IP Telephony Migration
Digital Digital
Phones Phones
WAN
PBX PBX
PBX and digital telephones still in place

Calls routed over the IP WAN rather than PSTN
Major benefit: free long distance
Major requirement: Quality of Service (QoS) in place
Session ID
Phase Two IP Telephony Migration

Cisco Cisco
CallManager CallManager
IP Phone IP Phone
WAN
IP Phone
IP Phone
Softphone Softphone
Voice and Data network merged

PBX and digital phones sold on Ebay
New applications can now integrate into voice network
Most newly constructed structures move directly to this phase
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Cisco’s Strategy
Voice
Cisco Unified
Communications
Video
Data
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Understanding Packet Telephony
Centralized vs. Decentralized Call Control

Packet Telephony Component
Digital vs. Analog Connections
IP Telephony Call Types
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Distributed Call Control
Exam Tip!
Session ID
Centralized Call Control

Exam Tip!
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Packet Telephony Components
Digital
Phones
CallManager PSTN PBX
IP Phone
Voice-Enabled
Switch
WAN
Voice-Enabled Voice-Enabled
Gateway Gateway
IP Phone
PC
Session ID
VIC Cards: Analog Connections

Most mainline Cisco routers (1800/2800/3800) now support Voice
Interface Cards (VICs) which allow for a variety of analog voice
connections
Analog connections support a single call for each voice port
There are three categories of analog voice ports:
Foreign Exchange Station (FXS)
Foreign Exchange Office (FXO)
Ear and Mouth (E&M)
Cisco VIC-2FXS
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Analog Connections: FXS
FXS
Analog
Phone
FXS Fax
Modem
FXS
Provides a direct connection to an analog phone, fax

machine, or similar device
Exam Tip!
Session ID
Analog Connections: FXO
FXO Station Interface
PBX
FXO Telco CO
Allows an analog connection to be directed to the

PSTN or station interface of a PBX
Exam Tip!
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Analog Connections: E&M
E&M Trunk Interface
PBX
Provides a trunk connection to a PBX
Exam Tip!
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How Far Will Those FXS Ports Go?
A single FXS Port will go a distance of

3,200 feet
A single FXS Port can power a loop of
up to 8 analog devices (in a home, for
example)
The total distance of an FXS connection
diminishes the more phones you attach
to the port.
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Digital Voice Ports
T1
Central
Office
Typically used in corporate environments with high

volume requirements
Options of T1/E1 (CAS/CCS) and BRI
Session ID
The New All-in-One Module: VWICs
Traditional T1 WIC
cards are designed for
data and are unable to
communicate with
legacy voice networks
The VWIC T1 module
allows you to connect to
both data and voice
Cisco VWIC-2MF-T1/E1
networks
Exam Tip!
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Installing Voice Ports
Installing voice ports require NM-1V/NM-2V network modules +

VIC cards
Some 17xx and ISR series routers have built-in VIC slots, but
require Packet Voice DSP Module (PVDM)
Exam Tip!
Session ID
Local Calls
Exam Tip!
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On-Net Calls
Exam Tip!
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Off-Net Calls
Exam Tip!
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Private Line Automatic Ringdown (AKA
Batphone)
Exam Tip!
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On-Net to Off-Net Calls
Exam Tip!
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The Configuration Dividing Line
Breath deep. You are about to enter a whole new world

of configurations.
Get your pens ready!
Configuration breakdown:
FXS/FXO physical port configuration
Dial-Peer basic concepts and
configuration
Digital T1/PRI physical port
configuration
Dial-Peer advanced concepts
and configuration
Session ID
FXS Port Configuration

Exam Tip!
FXS
1/0/0
Analog
Phone
Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# voice-port 1/0/0
Router(config-voiceport)# description Phone on the dock of a bay
Router(config-voiceport)# signal loop-start
Router(config-voiceport)# cptone GB
Router(config-voiceport)# end
Router#
Foundation FXS port configuration

Physical PORT configuration mode only assigns aspects that
affect the physical port itself, not dial-plan information
Session ID

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FXS Command Reference
Router(config-voiceport)# signal <ground-start | loop-start>
Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default)

for analog phones, ground-start for PBX-to-PBX
connections
Router(config-voiceport)# cptone <locale>
Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated

at the local interface
Router(config-voiceport)# ring frequency <25 | 50>
Configures ring frequency (in hertz for OLD analog

phone handsets. If incorrect, handset may not ring (or
will buzz instead of ring)
Session ID
FXS Command Reference (cont.)

Router(config-voiceport)# ring cadence <pattern | define>
Defines length of ringing voltage. Default to North

America. Is automatically set by cptone command
Router(config-voiceport)# busyout
Gives you the ability to busy out a port
Router(config-voiceport)# station id name <15_character_name>

Router(config-voiceport)# station id number <15_character_number>
Configures caller-id information for FXS port (may be

overridden by FXO port configuration)
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FXO Port Configuration
Exam Tip!
FXO
PSTN
1/0/0

Router(config)# voice port 1/0/0
Router(config-voiceport)# description Backup PSTN Connection
Router(config-voiceport)# dial-type dtmf
Router(config-voiceport)# ring number 1
Router(config-voiceport)# end
Router#
Foundation FXO port configuration

Physical PORT configuration mode only assigns aspects that
affect the physical port itself, not dial-plan information
Session ID
FXO Command Reference

Router(config-voiceport)# dial-type <dtmf | pulse>
Chooses appropriate dial-type for outbound calls
Router(config-voiceport)# signal <ground-start | loop-start>
Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default)

for analog phones, ground-start for PBX connections
Router(config-voiceport)# cptone <locale>
Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated

at the local interface
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FXO Command Reference (cont.)
Router(config-voiceport)# ring number <number>
Number of rings before incoming call is answered by

the router
Router(config-voiceport)# busyout
Gives you the ability to busy out a port
Router(config-voiceport)# station id name <15_character_name>

Router(config-voiceport)# station id number <15_character_number>
Configures caller-id information for FXO port (overrides

FXS port configuration)
Session ID
Dial Peers: The Routing Table for Voice

Provide the logical configuration
and connections for voice ports
Used to create a “routing table”
for voice calls
Can be POTS when connecting
to traditional PSTN connections
(such as FXS/FXO ports) or VoIP
when connecting to a packet
network
Exam Tip!
Session ID

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POTS Dial Peer Configuration
Exam Tip!
FXS
1/0/1
x1111

Router(config)# dial-peer voice 1 pots
Router(config-dialpeer)# destination-pattern 1111
Router(config-dialpeer)# port 1/0/1
• Similar to creating a static route for extension 1111

• Destination-pattern command configures the telephone number
• Port command associates the physical port with the logical extension
Session ID
VoIP Dial Peer Configuration
10.1.1.1/30
FXS FXS
10.1.1.2/30
x1111 R4 R5 x2222
R4# configure terminal

R4(config)# dial-peer voice 2 voip
R4(config-dialpeer)# destination-pattern 2222
R4(config-dialpeer)# session target ipv4:10.1.1.2
R5# configure terminal

R5(config)# dial-peer voice 2 voip
R5(config-dialpeer)# destination-pattern 1111
R5(config-dialpeer)# session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
When destination-pattern is matched, router immediately forwards

the call (no further digits are collected)
Exam Tip!
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Configuring Digital Interfaces
T1/E1 CAS Port Configurations

T1/E1 CCS Port Configurations
Session ID
Digital T1 CAS Physical Port

Configuration
Step 1: Specify Framing, Linecode, and Timing

Router(config)# controller t1 1/0
Router(config-controller)# framing < sf / esf >
Router(config-controller)# linecode < b8zs / ami > Exam Tip!
Router(config-controller)# clock source < internal / line >
Framing and Linecode are specified by the service provider

Timing can be either internal if your router is providing the
clocking, or line if it is receiving the clock rate from an external
source
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Digital T1 CAS Physical Port
Configuration
Step 2: Create ds0-group

Router(config-controller)# ds0-group <number> timeslots <1-24> type <signaling>
Ds0-group number is locally significant, timeslots must match timeslots in

use
Signaling must match between end devices
E&M signaling types typically connect to PBX trunk lines & telco equipment
FXS signaling types typically connect to PBX equipment
FXO signaling types typically connect to the CO
Once you have created the ds0-group, the router will create a voice port
using the ds0-group number you have chosen. For example:
T1 1/0, ds0-group 5 becomes voice port 1/0:5
T1 2/1, ds0-group 1 becomes voice port 2/1:1
Session ID
T1 CAS Configuration Example
PSTN T1 1/0

Router(config-controller)# ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type fxo-loop-start
Router(config-controller)# framing esf
Router(config-controller)# linecode b8zs
Router(config-controller)# clock source line
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T1 CCS (ISDN PRI) Configuration
T1
1/0

Router(config)# isdn switch-type primary-qsig
Router(config-controller)# pri-group 1 timeslots 1-24
Router(config-controller)# exit
Router(config)# interface serial 1/0:23
Router(config-if)# isdn incoming-voice voice
PBXs are commonly equipped with a PRI interface

Most Cisco T1 interfaces can double as an ISDN PRI interface
ISDN PRI D-channel is always channel 23 (T1) or 15 (E1)
Exam Tip!
Session ID
Dial-Peer Destination Patterns…Let’s

Step it Up!
Plus (+) (Optional) Indicates an E.164

standard number
Comma (,) Inserts a pause between digits
Period (.) Matches any single digit
Brackets ( [ ] ) Indicates a range of numbers
T Allows a variable-length dial

string
Exam Tip!
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Destination Pattern Examples
5551212 Matches one telephone

number exactly, 5551212
555[5-9]… Matches a seven-digit

telephone number where the
first three digits are 555, the
fourth digit can be 5, 6, 7, 8, or
9, and the last three digits can
be any valid digit
9T Matches any telephone
number where the first digit is
9. T wildcard can vary in length
from 0 to 32 digits total
Exam Tip!
Session ID
A Few More Destination Pattern

Examples
555[14-6]…
555121[^135]
[1-79]..[^1]5
Exam Tip!
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Practice Question
Click and drag the dial peer to the phone number it would match.
Answers may be used more than once or may not be used at all.
destination-pattern .T 5551 Place Here
port 1/0/0

port 1/0/1

port 1/0/2

port 1/0/3
Session ID
Practice Question
dial-peer voice 5 pots dial-peer voice 7 pots
destination-pattern .T 5551 Place Here 5551
destination-pattern
port 1/0/0 port 1/0/2

port 1/0/1

port 1/0/2

port 1/0/3
Session ID

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Practice Question
destination-pattern
port 1/0/0 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern 555[1-2].. 5551199 Place Here .T
destination-pattern
port 1/0/1 port 1/0/0

port 1/0/2

port 1/0/3
Session ID
Practice Question
destination-pattern
port 1/0/0 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern
port 1/0/1 port 1/0/0

destination-pattern 5551 555121 Place Here 5551
destination-pattern
port 1/0/2 port 1/0/2

port 1/0/3
Session ID

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Practice Question
destination-pattern
port 1/0/0 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern
port 1/0/1 port 1/0/0

destination-pattern 5551 555121 Place Here 5551
destination-pattern
port 1/0/2 port 1/0/2

destination-pattern 545118. 5451181 Place Here 545118.
destination-pattern
port 1/0/3 port 1/0/3
Session ID
Selecting a CODEC
Voice over IP Coder/DECoders (CODECs) dictate the

type of compression that will be used when converting
voice signals
Three primary CODECs are used in the Cisco VoIP
environment:
G.711 (Uncompressed – 64Kbps)
Exam Tip!
G.729 (Compressed – 8Kbps)
Session ID

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Selecting a CODEC (cont.)
Router#config t
Router(config)#voice class codec 99
Router(config-class)#codec preference 1 g711ulaw
Router(config-class)#codec preference 2 g729br8
Router(config-class)#end
Router(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 voip

Router(config-dial-peer)#voice-class codec 99
Router(config-dial-peer)#^Z
Exam Tip!
The default CODEC used for VoIP dial-peers is G.729

Voice classes allow you to set up ‘failover’ CODECs
during VoIP negotiations
Session ID
Wrap-Up: Session Goals
1. Cisco Certified Voice Professional
2. To grasp the “big picture” behind VoIP
3. To deliver key concepts and configurations

related to the current CVOICE certification exam
Exam Tip!
4. To demonstrate on live equipment the methods used
to configure a working VoIP network
Session ID

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Q and A
Session ID
Recommended Reading
Continue your Networkers at

Cisco Live learning experience
with further reading from Cisco
Press
Check the Recommended
Reading flyer for suggested
books
Available Onsite at the Cisco

Company Store
Session ID

13615_05_2007_c1.scr
Recommended Reading
Continue your learning experience
with further reading from Cisco Press
Cisco IP Telephony (CIPT)

2nd Edition, ISBN 1-58705-261-X
Cisco Voice over IP (CVoice),

2nd Edition, ISBN 1-58705-262-8
CCVP CVoice Quick Reference

Sheets (Digital Short Cut),
ISBN 1-58705-322-5
Available Onsite at the Cisco Company Store

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CCVP Prep: Cisco IP Telephony Essentials: BRKCRT-2201

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Session ID

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

1. Cisco Certified Voice Professional

2. To grasp the “big picture” behind VoIP

3. To deliver key concepts and configurations related to

 This session will strictly adhere to Cisco’s rules of

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Exam Topics 642-432

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

 Avoided question formats

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4

A. A temporary connection to a PBX.

Exam Format—Complex Procedural

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

dial-peer voice 5 pots

dial-peer voice 6 pots

dial-peer voice 7 pots

dial-peer voice 8 pots

 The Vision and Benefits of VoIP

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

 What networks look like today

 Separate networks for voice, video, and data

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7

 By combining all communication methods into a single

Why an Organization Would Use IP

 Soft Cost Savings

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

 PBX and digital telephones still in place

Phase Two IP Telephony Migration

 Voice and Data network merged

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9

Understanding Packet Telephony

 Centralized vs. Decentralized Call Control

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10

Centralized Call Control

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11

CallManager PSTN PBX

VIC Cards: Analog Connections

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12

 Provides a direct connection to an analog phone, fax

Analog Connections: FXO

FXO Station Interface

 Allows an analog connection to be directed to the

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13

E&M Trunk Interface

 Provides a trunk connection to a PBX

How Far Will Those FXS Ports Go?

 A single FXS Port will go a distance of

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 14

 Typically used in corporate environments with high

The New All-in-One Module: VWICs

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15

 Installing voice ports require NM-1V/NM-2V network modules +

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17

On-Net to Off-Net Calls

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18

 Breath deep. You are about to enter a whole new world

FXS Port Configuration

Router# configure terminal

 Foundation FXS port configuration

© 2007, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19

This session will strictly adhere to Cisco’s rules of

Avoided question formats

The Vision and Benefits of VoIP

What networks look like today

Separate networks for voice, video, and data

By combining all communication methods into a single

Soft Cost Savings

PBX and digital telephones still in place

Voice and Data network merged

Centralized vs. Decentralized Call Control

Provides a direct connection to an analog phone, fax

Allows an analog connection to be directed to the

Provides a trunk connection to a PBX

A single FXS Port will go a distance of

Typically used in corporate environments with high

Installing voice ports require NM-1V/NM-2V network modules +

Breath deep. You are about to enter a whole new world

Foundation FXS port configuration

Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default)

Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated

Configures ring frequency (in hertz for OLD analog

Defines length of ringing voltage. Default to North

Gives you the ability to busy out a port

Configures caller-id information for FXS port (may be

Foundation FXO port configuration

Chooses appropriate dial-type for outbound calls

Sets the signaling type; most often loop-start (default)

Defines the detection of call-progress tones generated

Number of rings before incoming call is answered by

Gives you the ability to busy out a port

Configures caller-id information for FXO port (overrides

When destination-pattern is matched, router immediately forwards

T1/E1 CAS Port Configurations

Framing and Linecode are specified by the service provider

Ds0-group number is locally significant, timeslots must match timeslots in

PBXs are commonly equipped with a PRI interface