Doyne Mc Nally Quality Science and Statistics 2 Assignment 1 Student ID Number: 09100008

Doyne Mc Nally

Quality Science 2

Minitab Assignment 1

Question 6, Chapter 4 , An Introduction to Six Sigma & Process Improvement.

A machine process has a required dimension on a part of 0.575 0.007 inches. Twenty-five parts were measured. The Dataset can be seen in Table 1 below. What is its capability for producing within acceptable limits? Sample Number 3 4 0.577 0.574 0.573 0.575 0.576 Table 1 0.564 0.573 0.579 0.573 0.572

1 0.557 0.566 0.587 0.578 0.565

2 0.576 0.578 0.577 0.582 0.576

5 0.58 0.584 0.58 0.578 0.574

My interpretation of the question was that 5 samples were taken at different time intervals without any intervention to the process in between these samples being taken. The data has some interesting points to note: We had 6 data points outside of Specified limits (Table 2). In Sample 1: We had 3 samples < LSL and 1 sample > USL In Sample 2: All sample points were within Specified limits. In Sample 3: All sample points were within Specified limits. In Sample 4: We had 1 sample < LSL In Sample 4: We had 1 sample > USL

Doyne Mc Nally

Quality Science 2

Minitab Assignment 1

1 0.557 0.566 0.587 0.578 0.565

2 0.576 0.578 0.577 0.582 0.576

Sample Number 3 4 0.577 0.574 0.573 0.575 0.576 Table 2 Key: 0.564 0.573 0.579 0.573 0.572

5 0.58 0.584 0.58 0.578 0.574

____ - Within Specified Limits ____ - > Upper Specified Limit ____ - < Lower Specified Limit Descriptive Statistics: In Minitab I performed a Descriptive Statistics analysis to see the amount of variation or spread in the data set. Descriptive Statistics: Process Variable Count Maximum Process 25 Mean 0.57496 StDev 0.00654 Minimum 0.55700 0.58700

From this it is clear that the mean is on target but there is a lot of variance indicated by the minimum and maximum values.

Doyne Mc Nally

Quality Science 2

Minitab Assignment 1

Process Capability
Using Minitab I carried out a Process Capability study. It can be seen in Fig 1, some of the results obtained in the samples were outside of the required specifications. a Cp value of 0.36 suggests that machine is not capable of meeting the required specification. This conclusion is based on rule CP < 1, Cp = (USL-LSL)/6Sigma < 1. The % out of spec result of ~27% back up this statement also. Conclusion The process is not capable of meeting the specification requirements.

Capability Analysis for Samples 1-5 or Overall Machine Process Performance Report

Capability Histogram Are the data inside the limits and close to the target?
LSL Target USL

Process Characterization Total N Subgroup size Mean StDev (overall) StDev (within) 25 5 0.57496 0.0065414 0.0063945

Capability Statistics Actual (overall) Pp Ppk Z.Bench % Out of spec (observed) % Out of spec (expected) PPM (DPMO) (observed) PPM (DPMO) (expected) Potential (within) Cp Cpk Z.Bench % Out of spec (expected) PPM (DPMO) (expected) 0.36 0.35 0.57 24.00 28.46 240000 284580 0.36 0.36 0.60 27.37 273659

0.555

0.560

0.565

0.570

0.575

0.580

0.585

0.590

Actual (overall) capability is what the customer experiences. Potential (within) capability is what could be achieved if process shifts and drifts were eliminated.

Fig. 1

Doyne Mc Nally

Quality Science 2

Minitab Assignment 1

Question 7, Chapter 4 , An introduction to Six Sigma & Process Improvement.

Adjustments were made to the process, and 25 more samples were measured. What can you observe about the process, what is its capability for producing within acceptable limits now?

The first thing I did was evaluate the data to determine if any data was either < LSL or > USL. All data points were found to be within specified limits. (Table 3) Sample Number 3 0.576 0.573 0.576 0.577 0.575
Table 3

1 0.573 0.575 0.573 0.576 0.576

2 0.578 0.575 0.574 0.577 0.574

4 0.579 0.577 0.575 0.574 0.575

5 0.574 0.576 0.579 0.575 0.576

Capability Analysis Using Minitab I carried out a Process Capability study. It can be seen in Fig 2, all of the results obtained in the samples fell inside the required specifications limits. A Cp value of 1.27 suggests that machine is now capable of meeting the specification requirements. This conclusion is based on rule CP > 1, Cp = (USL-LSL)/6Sigma > 1. The % out of spec result of 0.02% backs up this statement also. With only 0.02 of the product expected to fail the specified requirements.

Doyne Mc Nally

Quality Science 2
Capability Analysis for 1-5 or Machine Process Performance Report

Minitab Assignment 1

Capability Histogram Are the data inside the limits and close to the target?
LSL Target USL

Process Characterization Total N Subgroup size Mean StDev (overall) StDev (within) 25 5 0.57552 0.0016862 0.0018338

Capability Statistics Actual (overall) Pp Ppk Z.Bench % Out of spec (observed) % Out of spec (expected) PPM (DPMO) (observed) PPM (DPMO) (expected) Potential (within) Cp Cpk Z.Bench % Out of spec (expected) PPM (DPMO) (expected) 1.38 1.28 3.83 0.00 0.01 0 65 1.27 1.18 3.51 0.02 226

0.568

0.570

0.572

0.574

0.576

0.578

0.580

0.582

Actual (overall) capability is what the customer experiences. Potential (within) capability is what could be achieved if process shifts and drifts were eliminated.

Fig. 2

Conclusions: It is quite obvious that with the adjustment made to the process had a dramatic effect on the process. The Histogram in Fig. 2 shows the ideal situation in which the natural variation is well within the specified tolerance limits. This compared to the Histogram in Fig 1 showing distribution with a natural variation greater than the specified limits before any adjustments were made to the process.