Year 12 Biology Practice Test

Question 1: Coat colour of a short honed breed of cattle is an example of co-dominance. Pure breeding red colour is represented by the genotype: CrCr Pure breeding white colour is represented by the genotype: CwCw When a pure breeding red bull is crossed with a pure breeding white cow they produce a roan coloured offspring represented by the genotype: CrCw. If pure breeding red short horned bulls are crossed with roan cows, the theoretical percentage of offspring that will be roan would be: a. b. c. d. 50% 75% 25% 100%

Question 2: DNA can be permanently altered by the action of ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet light in this context is: a. b. c. d. a mutagen a photon a receptor a reactant

Question 3: The formation of mRNA from pre-mRNA involves: a. b. c. d. the removal of introns the removal of exons union with ribosomes wrapping the pre-mRNA around histones for support

Question 4: Which of the following events occurs first in DNA replication? a. b. c. d. Okazaki fragments are spliced together by DNA ligase RNA polymerase adds an RNA primer DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA and adds complementary bases to the template strand Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds in the parental strands of DNA

Question 5: Chromosomes consist of coiled up chromatin. The substances that make up chromatin are: a. b. c. d. Chromatids Histones and DNA DNA only Amino acids

Question 6: The diploid number of a particular plant species is 8. A student examining a section of plant tissue under the microscope noticed a dividing cell that contained 2 groups of chromosomes, each group containing 4 double stranded chromosomes. This cell was most likely in:

a. b. c. d.

prophase I of meiosis anaphase I of meiosis anaphase II of meiosis telophase II of meiosis

Question 7: Glaucoma is a condition where increased pressure by fluid in the eye causes blindness. The pedigree below shows the incidence of this condition in a family. Shaded individuals are affected by the condition.

The trait is inherited as: a. b. c. d. autosomal dominant autosomal recessive X-linked dominant X-linked recessive

Question 8: The first section of the template strand of DNA for a particular gene is: TAC ATC CAG GAA It is reasonable to conclude that: a. b. c. d. There are four codons in the above section tRNA would consist of four anticodons for this section the corresponding mRNA would be ATG TAG GTC CTT this section would code for four amino acids

Question 9: A homozygous recessive red flowering plant was crossed with a homozygous domimant white flowering plant. The phenotype of the F1 offspring would be: a. b. c. d. red pink white 50% red; 50% white

Question 10: Peas can be green or yellow in colour and smooth or wrinkled in texture. A dihybrid cross was made between a smooth, yellow plant and a green, wrinkled pea plant. The offspring obtained in the F1 generation were all smooth, yellow. Members of the F1 generation were crossed together. The phenotype of the F2 offspring was 9:3:3:1. It is reasonable to conclude that in this ratio: a. b. c. d. 3 were smooth, green 1 was smooth, yellow 3 were wrinkled, green 9 were smooth, green

Total: 10 marks

Question 1: A family in which an X-linked disorder was present underwent Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The family pedigree is as follows:

The RFLP analysis resulted in the following gel:

The probe used in the RFLP analysis detected a 2.3kb fragment and a 5kb fragment in this family. a. On what basis are DNA samples separated using gel electrophoresis? _______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
2 marks b. Why did person I.1 show only one band on the gel? ____________________________________________________________________________ ___

____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
1 mark c. Is this disorder dominant or recessive? Explain. _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2 marks

d. What is the chance that the next child of persons II.3 and II.4 will have the trait? Show your working.

3 marks Total: 8 marks Question 2: The HFE gene, present on chromosome 6, controls the formation of a protein on the cell surface. This transmembrane protein, works in conjunction with other smaller proteins to regulate iron uptake from food during digestion. If this protein is working normally the body absorbs about 10% of the total iron uptake. Mutations in the HFE gene result in the inherited condition Haemochromatosis. As a result of this mutation, the body absorbs and stores too much iron. If the disease is not detected early enough, iron will accumulate in body tissues leading to serious health problems. Heterozygotes for this mutation do not usually show symptoms of the condition. a. What type of inheritance is Haemochromatosis? Give reasons for your answer. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks The HFE gene has seven coding regions interspersed with segments of non-coding regions. b. What term is given to the: Non-coding regions: __________________________________________ Coding regions: _____________________________________________ 2 marks As a result of this mutation, the HFE protein is not incorporated into the cell membrane. The cell therefore becomes iron overloaded because there is no HFE protein to regulate iron flow. c. The process by which a protein chain is formed at the ribosome is known as: __________________________________________________________________________________

1 mark

d. Suggest one reason why a mutation in the DNA of the HFE gene prevents the HFE protein from being incorporated into the cell membrane.

_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

2 marks a. State an environmental factor that could alleviate the symptoms of Haemochromatosis: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark Total: 8 marks
Question 3:

Many gene loci are involved in determining blood groups. One gene, the ABO gene, is responsible for the ABO blood groups. This gene locus has the alleles: IA : A antigen produced IB : B antigen produced i : no antigen produced There are four phenotypes, called blood groups, in this system. They are A, B, AB and O. a. Complete the following table using the allele symbols given above. Blood group B AB Possible genotypes

2 marks Meiosis is a form of cell division. A student claimed that there was no significant difference between mitosis and meiosis. b. Identify one significant feature of meiosis and explain how it indicates that it is a different process from mitosis. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks Total: 4 marks

Total: 30 marks