BIOL0011/ BLO5A TUTORIAL QUESTIONS SECTION A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. State the importance of the properties of water to life processes.

Compare hydrophobic and hydrophilic colloidal dispersions. Describe the structure of proteins [lipids, carbohydrates]

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Describe three roles played by lipids [proteins, carbohydrates] in the bodies of living organisms. Using examples, describe the characteristics of enzymes. Describe how an enzyme works. Outline the steps involved in the replication of DNA. State the functions of the three types of RNA. Distinguish between DNA replication, transcription and translation. out these functions.

10. State the functions of the cell membrane and explain how the structure is suited to carrying 11. Describe the generalized prokaryotic [eukaryotic] cell. 12. Describe the structure of the membrane bound organelles in a cell. 13. Using examples, explain what is meant by active transport. [diffusion, osmosis] 14. Describe the process of mitosis [meiosis]. 15. Describe how genetic diversity is obtained in sexually reproducing organisms. 16. Define the term mutation and explain how gene [chromosomal] mutations occur. 17. Describe the structure of the mammalian ovary [testis] and outline the process of oogenesis [spermatogenesis]. 18. State the functions of the hormones involved in gametogenesis. 19. Describe the development of pollen and ova in Angiosperms. 20. Outline the process of fertilization in Angiosperms. 21. Explain the laws of segregation and independent assortment. 22. Pure breeding Drosophila with straight wings and grey bodies were crossed with pure breeding curled wings and ebony bodied flies. Straight wing (WW) is dominant over curled wing (ww) and grey body (BB) dominant over ebony body (bb). Illustrate the cross to show the parental gametes and the genotype and phenotype of the offspring. A test cross carried out with the F1 flies to produced straight wing, grey body 101; straight wing, ebony body 23; curled wing, grey body 19; curled wing, ebony body 117. Determine if these results were significantly different from those expected.

BIOL0011/ BLO5A TUTORIAL QUESTIONS SECTION B 23. Outline the theory of evolution by natural selection. 24. Outline the evidence that supports the modern theory of evolution. 25. Define the three concepts of species. 26. Outline the ways by which speciation can occur. 27. Explain what is meant by the binomial system of nomenclature.

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28. Explain what is meant by the hierarchical taxa by which organisms are classified. 29. Describe the characteristics that might lead you to the conclusion that an organism is to be classified as a bacterium [virus, protist, fungi, plant and animal]. (Include how you distinguish it from the other groups). 30. What are the three main groups of Protoctists (Protists)? [any phyla] Using examples, explain why Protists are so difficult to classify. 31. State the biological importance of lichens and mycorrhizae. 32. Compare the morphology of algae and bryophytes. [any other groups] 33. Compare the ferns and the gymnosperms. [any other plant groups] 34. Using appropriate examples, distinguish between diploblastic and triplobastic animals. 35. Illustrate the types of symmetry found in animals. 36. Describe the types of coelomic cavities. What is the function of the coelom. 37. Explain how the Protostomes and Deuterostomes differ. 38. Describe the main features of the Porifera. [any other animal phyla] 39. Using examples from the Cnidarians, explain what is meant by polymorphism. 40. Compare the methods of locomotion found in worms. 41. Explain the features of Arthropods which contribute to their success. 42. Describe the ways in which amphibians are adapted to life on land, and the ways in which are they still restricted to a watery/moist environment. 43. Describe the adaptations of reptiles which allow them to live on dry environments. 44. State the advantages of a coelomic cavity; complete digestive tract, bilateral symmetry and cephalisation. 45. Describe the features that are unique to the class Mammalia. 46. Describe the main human threats to biodiversity.