Measurement Henry Lee Brewington II September 2, 2011

Claflin University Chemistry Department Dr. Judith Kirkley Chem. 111 Lab

Abstract
The purpose of this lab is to make quantitative observations of the properties of matter, such as length, mass, volume, density, and temperature. Another purpose is to determine the volume of a sphere from its measured diameter using a caliper. Also, you will learn how to use the laboratory balance, the thermometer, the Bunsen burner, ruler and the Vernier caliper. By completing these purposes you would have to record the height of you and your lab partner, the diameter and volume of a marble, use conversions, and mass of an Erlenmeyer flask.

Introduction
Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical quantity, such as a length or a mass, to a unit of measurement, such as the meter or the kilogram. The science of measurement is called metrology. The metric system is a decimal systems of measurement based on its units for length, the meter and for mass, the kilogram. A ruler or rule is a tool used in, for example, geometry, technical drawing, engineering, and carpentry, to measure lengths or distances or to draw straight lines. With the exception of a few seemingly fundamental quantum constants, units of measurement are essentially arbitrary; in other words, people make them up and then agree to use them. Nothing inherent in nature dictates that an inch has to be a certain length, or that a mile is a better measure of distance than a kilometer. Over the course of human history, however, first for convenience and then for necessity, standards of measurement evolved so that communities would have certain common benchmarks. Laws regulating measurement were originally developed to prevent fraud in commerce.

Experimental Procedure
The first thing to begin the lab is to record your lab partners using two meter stick in centimeters. Next, convert these values into inches and then into feet. After you finished converting, use the Vernier caliper to measure the diameter of the marble in centimeters and determine its volume. Then, determine the mass of a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask in grams. Finally, ignite the Bunsen burner and examine the flame carefully. Note the top of the blue inner cone is the hottest point in the flame.

Data Sheet & Calculations

Henry Brewington II Height 170 cm. 68 in. 5 8 ft. cm x .4 = in. 170 cm x .4 = 68 in. 68 in. / 12 in. = 5 8 ft. 165 cm. 66 in. 5 6 ft. 12in. = 1ft 165 cm x .4 = 66 in. 66 in. / 12 in. = 5 6 ft. Anthony Franklin

Diameter of Marble Diameter (mm) Diameter (cm) Radius (cm) Volume (cm3) mm / 10 = cm diameter / 2 = radius 15.1 mm 1.51 cm 0.755 cm 1.79 cm3 15.1mm / 10 = 1.51 cm 1.51 cm / 2 = 0.755 cm

Volume = 4/3 x x r3

4/3 x x (0.755)3 = 1.79 cm3

Mass of 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask Mass g / 1000 g = kg 1 g = .0022 lb g x .0022 lb = lb 2.368 g x .0022 lb = 0.00522 lb 2.368 g 0.002368 kg 0.00522 lb

2.368 g / 1000 g = 0.002368 kg

Conclusion
The recordings of the height, mass, volume, conversions, and diameters were successfully completed. My height in was recorded as 170cm and my lab partners height was recorded as 165cm. The heights converted into inches are 68in and 66in and when its converted to feet, the heights are 5 8 ft and 5 6 ft. The diameter of the marble was recorded to be 15.1mm. When its converted into centimeters the diameter is 1.51cm. The radius was calculated as 0.755cm and the volume of the marble was calculated 1.79cm3. The mass of the 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask was recorded 2.368g. When its converted into kilograms its calculated as 0.002368kg and when converted into pounds its calculated as 0.00522lb. Finally, as the Bunsen burner ignites with no air the flame is orange-yellow but as the Bunsen burner ignites with air, the flame is separated into 3 colors. The 3 colors of the flame are a bluish green color in the inner cone, blue, and then orangeyellow. These were the recordings, observations, and calculations that were successfully completed.

References
1. Oxford Dictionary of English, 2nd. Ed., Oxford University Press 2. Michell, J. (1999). Measurement in psychology: a critical history of a methodological concept. New York: Cambridge University Press. 3. Michell, J. (1999). Measurement in psychology: a critical history of a methodological concept. New York: Cambridge University Press. 4. Ernest Nagel: "Measurement", Erkenntnis, Volume 2, Number 1 / December, 1931, pp. 313-335, published by Springer, the Netherlands 5. Stevens, S.S. On the theory of scales and measurement 1946. Science. 103, 677-680. 6. Douglas Hubbard: "How to Measure Anything", Wiley (2007), p. 21