Charm mixing in a model-independent analysis of

three-body D
0
decays
Alex Bondar, Anton Poluektov and Vitaly Vorobyev
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
1. Introduction: Charm Mixing
Flavor eigenstates D
0
and

D
0
may turn into each other via short distance
(box diagrams) and long distance interactions (the main contribution to
the mixing amplitude). For example:
Mass eigenstates:
|D
1,2
= p

D
0
_
q

D
0
_
|D
1,2
(t) = e
(im1,2+
1
2
1,2)t
|D
1,2
(0)
Mixing and CP violation parameters:
x =
m
2
m
1

, y =

2

1
2
, r
CP
=

q
p

,
CP
= arg
_
q
p
_
2. Motivation
Precise measurements of the charm mixing parameters provide ways to
search for New Physics and to check the Standard Model (SM):
Charm mixing parameters x and y are small in the SM:
x, y 10
2
CP violation in charm mixing is tightly constrained in the SM:

CP
, |1 r
CP
| 10
3
Knowledge of the charm mixing parameters is essential for precise
measurements of the CKM phase at Super B-factories.
3. The idea of direct measurement of the charm mixing parameters
Consider three-body decay D
0
f, f = K
0
S
h
+
h

,
h = , K.
2D phase space leads to use of the Dalitz plot (DP)
technique with Dalitz variables m
2
+
= m
2
_
K
0
S

+
_
and m
2

= m
2
_
K
0
S

_
.
Processes D
0
f and D
0

D
0
f interfere. One can obtain an
expression for time dependent decay probability density:
P

_
m
2
+
, m
2

, t
_
= P+
_
P

P(x sin
D
+ y cos
D
) t +O
_
(x + y)
2
_
,
(1)
where P (

P) is D
0
f (

D
0
f) decay probability density in absence of
mixing,
D
is strong phase dierence between D
0
and

D
0
decay amplitudes.
One have to use model assumptions in order to extract strong phase
dierence
D
.
Belle measurements based on Eq. (1) (stat. sist. and model errors,
PRL 99, 131803):
x = (0.80 0.29
+0.09
0.07
+0.10
0.14
)%, y = (0.33 0.24
+0.08
0.12
+0.06
0.08
)%
Model uncertainty can be a major obstacle to increase the accuracy.
4. Model-independent approach
In the model-independent approach DP is divided
into 2N bins symmetrically to the exchange
m
2
+
m
2

. This exchange corresponds to the

inversion of bin indexes i i (there isnt i = 0
bin).
New variables in the binned DP approach appear:
Number of events K
i
in i-th bin instead of decay probability density
P
_
m
2
+
, m
2

_
:
P
_
m
2
+
, m
2

_
K
i
=
_
Di
P
_
m
2
+
, m
2

_
dD.
Averaged cos
D
and sin
D
instead of strong phase dierence
D
:

D
C
i
= cos
D

Di
, S
i
= sin
D

Di
.
Obviously, C
i
= C
i
and S
i
= S
i
.
5. Non-coherent signal (B-factory)
Consider decay chain D

s
, D K
0
S

. Sign of slow
s
charge determines initial avor of D-meson. This way one can obtain a
sample of tagged D-mesons.
An analog of Eq. (1) in the model-independent approach:
K

i
(t) = e
t
_
K
i
+
_
K
i
K
i
(C
i
y + S
i
x) t +O
_
(t)
2
(x + y)
2
_
_
.
Phase parameters C
i
and S
i
should be measured independently (at
c--factory). Otherwise, it is low statistical sensitivity to the mixing
parameters. Such measurement have been performed by CLEO in 2010
(PRD 82, 112006).
Toy MC estimation of the measurement precision for 1 ab
1
integrated
luminosity (stat. error only):
x y r
CP

CP
Precision 17 10
4
13 10
4
9 10
2
5

6. Coherent signal (c--factory)

A c--factory, operating at DD

treshold, provides perfect environment for

measurement of the charm mixing parameters in coherent decays of D
0

D
0
pairs (PRD 82, 034033).
Process DD

D
0

D
0
provides coherent D
0

D
0
pair in C = +1 state.
Let one D-meson decays into (K
S

) and another one decays into

avor eigenstate. Double sensitivity to the mixing, comparing to
non-coherent case, appears:
M
(+1)
i
= K
i
+ 2
_
K
i
K
i
(C
i
y + S
i
x) +O
_
(x + y)
2
_
.
Process DD

D
0

D
0

0
provides coherent D
0

D
0
pair in C = 1 state.
One can measure K
i
in D
0

D
0
(K
0
S

)(avor eigenstate)
processes:
M
(1)
i
= K
i
+O
_
(x + y)
2
_
Then, its possible to measure phase parameters C
i
and S
i
in
D
0

D
0
(K
0
S

)
2
process:
M
1
ij
= K
i
K
j
+K
i
K
j
2
_
K
i
K
i
K
j
K
j
(C
i
C
j
+ S
i
S
j
)+O
_
(x + y)
2
_
Essential feature here is opportunity to measure all necessary parameters in
one experiment. Most of systematics cancels out in this approach.
Toy MC estimation of the measurement precision corresponding to 1 ab
1
integrated luminosity (stat. error only):
x y r
CP

CP
Precision 12 10
4
9 10
4
4 10
2
2.5

7. Mixing and model-independent measurement of the angle

The CKM phase could be measured in B

DK

, D K
0
S

process. In absence of charm mixing, number of events in the i-th DP bin

can be written as follows:
N
i
= K
i
+ r
2
B
K
i
+ 2
_
K
i
K
i
(x
B
C
i
+ y
B
S
i
) , (2)
where r
B
is the ratio of the absolute values of the interfering B
+

D
0
K
+
and B
+
D
0
K
+
amplitudes,
B
is the strong phase dierence between
these amplitudes, x
B
= r
B
cos (
B
+ ) and x
B
= r
B
sin (
B
+ ).
Charm mixing leads to a shift in the measured value of . Value of the shift
is proportional to ratio
_
x
2
+ y
2
/r
B
. Assuming this ratio equals 0.1,
we have investigated three analysis strategies:
Use of K
i
(unaected by mixing) from coherent DD production in Eq. 2
leads to ()
(max)
= 2.9

.
Use of K

i
, measured in D
+
D
0

+
, D K
0
S

decays, in Eq. 2
leads to ()
(max)
= 0.2

Use of K
i
and applying a linear correction for the mixing contribution
(assuming that x and y are known) leads to ()
(max)
= 0.07

8. Conclusions
A method to measure charm mixing and CP violation parameters with
three-body D
0
decays is proposed. The method is model-independent and
sencitive to parameters x, y, r
CP
and
CP
at the rst order. Its sensitivity
is comparable to the corresponding model-dependent method.
A strategy of model-independent measurement of the angle , where charm
mixing eects could be neglected up to a degree level precision, exists.
Created with LATEXbeamerposter http://www-i6.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/~dreuw/latexbeamerposter.php
From to , 19-22 of September 2011 V.S.Vorobev@inp.nsk.su