17 September 2011 20:21

Portal hypertension: features ABCDE: Ascites Bleeding (haematemesis, piles) Caput medusae Diminished liver Enlarged spleen

WBC Count:
"Nobody Likes My Educational Background" "60, 30, 6, 3, 1" Neutrophils 60% Lymphocytes 30%Monocytes 6% Eosinophils 3% Basophils 1% Diabetic ketoacidosis: I vs. II ketONE bodies are seen in type ONE diabetes. MHC I and MHC II: T cell type 'MHC x T cell=8' MHC II goes with CD4 (2x4=8) MHC I goes with CD8 (1x8=8)

Renal failure (chronic): consequences ABCDEFG: Anemia -due to less EPO Bone alterations -osteomalacia -osteoporosis -von Recklinghausen Cardiopulmonary -atherosclerosis -CHF -hypertension -pericarditis D vitamin loss Electrolyte imbalance -sodium loss/gain -metabolic acidosis -hyperkalemia Feverous infections -due to leukocyte abnormalities and dialysis hazards GI disturbances -haemorrhagic gastritis -peptic ulcer disease
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-peptic ulcer disease -intractable hiccups Hypertension: secondary hypertension causes CHAPS: Cushing's syndrome Hyperaldosteronism [aka Conn's syndrome] Aorta coarctation Phaeochromocytoma Stenosis of renal arteries Note: only 5% of hypertension cases are secondary, rest are primary Hypercalcemia: symptoms of elevated serum levels "Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans": Bones: pain in bones Stones: renal Groans: pain Psychic moans/ Psychological overtones: confused state Acute ischemia: signs [especially limbs] 6 P's: Pain Pallor Pulselessness Paralysis Paraesthesia Perishingly cold Heart failure causes "HEART MAy DIE": Hypertension Embolism Anemia Rheumatic heart disease Thyrotoxicosis (incl. pregnancy) Myocardial infarct Arrythmia Y Diet & lifestyle Infection Endocarditis Liver failure (chronic): signs found on the arms CLAPS: Clubbing Leukonychia Asterixis Palmar erythema Scratch marks Constipation: causes DOPED: Drugs (eg opiates) Obstruction (eg IBD, cancer) Pain Endocrine (eg hypothyroid) Depression

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Splenomegaly: causes CHIMP: Cysts Haematological ( eg CML, myelofibrosis) Infective (eg viral (IM), bacterial) Metabolic/ Misc (eg amyloid, Gauchers) Portal hypertension Leukemias: acute vs. chronic rules of thumb ABCDE: Acute is: Blasts predominate Children Drastic course Elderly Few WBC's (so Fevers) Chronic is all the opposites: Mature cells predominate Middle aged Less debilitating course Elevated WBC's, so not a history of fevers and infections Gout: factors that can precipitate an attack of acute gouty arthritis DARK: Diuretics Alcohol Renal disease Kicked (trauma) And, the attack occurs most often at night *thus "dark"+. Causes of membrane over tonsils (shared by Taishan Medical University) I L(ove) MADAM TV I- Infectious Mononucleosis L(ove)- Leukemias M- Malignancy A- Agranulocytosis D- Diphtheria A- Aphthous ulcers M- Membranous tonsillitis T- Trauma V- Vincents angina Parkinson's disease: symptoms PQRST: Paucity of expression parQinson Rigidity (cogwheel) Stooped posture Tremor at rest

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