I.

Describe clearly and completely an English lesson of any year (Year 1-Year 5) that shows the teaching/learning of grammar or one of the language skills.

In describing an English lesson that was ask in the task, we choose to describe clearly and completely an English lesson from Year 4. The school I choose is a Sekolah Kebangsaan Ulu Kusial. This school is actually from the rural area. When we talk about rural area, we can automatically think these pupils in the school will have such difficulties in understanding the language because they are not familiar with it. But, Year 4 pupils in the school are actually quite good in understanding English language that has been thought by their teachers. This is because, they can understand and responded using proper sentences and correct grammar. The English subject teacher Mr. Joe. For the topic teaches that day are about articles. The teacher also touches on grammar. He uses 99 percent of English language on that day teaching the student.

Mr. Joe really focused on languages skills. This is because during his class hour, he uses 99 percent English language. The other 1 percent is because the student cannot guess what he tries to convey.

For teaching materials, the teacher use text books as the guide lines and several teaching aids. The teacher also uses his hand phone to show the pupils on how the to pronounce the vowel correctly. He downloads the correct pronunciation from the internet and shows it to them. The pupils seem to enjoy this method. It is because the teacher is using different way of teaching. Let me describe the activity done by the teacher so that he can attract student attention and ensure the teaching and learning environment is process was in progress. Mr. Joe starts the lesson that day with telling the pupils his experience and then he relates his experience to the topic that he was going to teach after this. By using this technique, I think he can open his pupils mind and let them know how important English language is. After that, he starts using the textbook as his teaching guide line. To describe more about the sub topic that day which is vowel, he uses his hand phone to attract the student to listen to the correct pronunciation of that particular vowel. He also call up pupils name to go in front of the class, hear the vowel sound from his hand phone and say out loud. Everyone will repeat after that student. He ended his lesson by sang together with his student. They sing two song that related to the vowel and the verb.

II.

Discussion of one learning theory with reference to the lesson observed.

For the second task in this assignment, we were asking to discuss about one learning theory with the reference to the lesson observed. There are 4 learning theory processes which are behaviorism, cognitive, social constructivism and humanism. The theory that I would like to discuss is the social constructivism learning theory. Social constructivism views each learner as a unique individual with unique needs and backgrounds. The learner is also seen as complex and multidimensional. Social constructivism not only acknowledges the uniqueness and complexity of the learner, but actually encourages, utilizes and rewards it as an integral part of the learning process (Wertsch 1997) The social constructivism emphasizes the importance of the learners being involves actively in the learning process. This is different from other theory because its involve student as an active learners. For other theory, the responsibility rested in the instructor or the teacher shoulders to teach while the student being only the passive, receptive role. The role of the teacher in social constructivism is to trying to understand the meaning to that the learner of the materials to be learned and help them to refine their understanding until it is similar to the teacher. A constructivist teacher creates a context for learning in which students can become engaged in interesting activities that encourages and facilitates learning. The teacher does not simply stand by, however, and watch children explore and discover. Instead, the teacher may often guide students as they approach problems, may encourage them to work in groups to think about issues and questions, and support them with encouragement and advice as they tackle problems, adventures, and challenges that are rooted in real life situations that are both interesting to the students and satisfying in terms of the result of their work. Teachers thus facilitate cognitive growth and learning as do peers and other members of the child's community. The most significant bases of a social constructivist theory were laid down by Vygotsky, in his theory of the "Zone of Proximal Development" (ZPD). "Proximal" simply

means "next". He observed that when children were tested on tasks on their own, they rarely did as well as when they were working in collaboration with an adult. It was by no means always the case that the adult was teaching them how to perform the task, but that the process of engagement with the adult enabled them to refine their thinking or their performance to make it more effective. Hence, for him, the development of language and articulation of ideas was central to learning and development. In the learning process that I have observed during my School Based Experience (SBE), I found that the learning process that has been conducted by the teacher is similar to social constructivism. Teacher starts the lesson with involving his experience and relates them to the topic that will be taught which is verb. This will create students response and make them think about the relationship between the experience and the topic. When we talk about social constructivism, teacher just act as a facilitator while student themselves have to be active so in order to make them active, teacher use this method (which relate the experience to the topic) to stimuli students thinking. The teacher also uses his hand phone as one of the teaching aid to make sure the student understand and want to participate more in the learning process. This is because, showing something new in the learning process can trigger the student eager to learn. By showing a new way of teaching, I can see that the student starting to participate more and starting to rise up their hands. This shows that the teacher is successful in bringing the student in a learning process. My lecturer once said that a good teacher is someone that can make their student raise their hands willingly to take part in learning process. For me, the teacher has fulfilled his teaching objective that day. The teacher also call student in front and make them demonstrate the verb. For example running, that student must act out how is running. Here, student now are relating their prior knowledge about verb and the all their experience doing the verb to come up the physical movement. Then, the teacher asks the student to say out loud the verb that they know. Henceforth, we can hear the learning noise in the class created by the student. If we relate this environment to social constructivism, we can see those students are much more participated in class learning environment. It also is no longer

teacher-centered but student-centered learning. The teachers role here is just to facilitate. In the learning process I have observed, the teacher also uses the say out-loud where a student will be call the names and he or she must say the verb they know to everyone in the class. At first, student a shy and less active but after they had seen their friends say the verb and then the teacher praise them, the student become more active. We can see how the student gain their confident and felling comfortable communicate in English language. In social constructivism, teacher role here are only to facilitate. It is recognize a learning situation is a social constructivism only when they student are being active and not teacher-centered teaching. We can see here, the students are actively participating in the lessons and they themselves are throwing out the verb by themselves. At the end of the lesson, as a closure, the teacher then ask the entire student to stand up. He asks the student to sing a song but only using verbs. Because of previous activities done, the student had gain self confidence in saying words in English. The teacher are objective that day was achieved.