Muscular system is divided into striated, smooth , and cardiac.

hematosi s : pertukaran darah yg mengandung karbon dioksida dgn oksingen pada system kapiler Anatomy of Heart Right Atrium The opening of the inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus are guarded by rudimentary valves; that of the inferior vena cava being continuous with the annulus ovalis arounf the shallow depression on the atrial septum , th e fossa ovalis , which marks the site of the fetal foramen ovale. Right Ventricle The right ventricle is disposed tricuspid valve. There are inflow and outflow tracts of the ventricle . The inflow marked In the presence of a number of irregular muscular elevations from some of which the papillary muscles project into the lumen of the ventricle and find attachment to the free border of the cusps of the tricuspid valve by way of the chordae tendineae. The moderator band is a muscular bundle crossing the ventricular cavity from the interventricular septum to the anterior wall and is of some importance since it conveys the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle to the ventricular muscle. The outflow tract of the ventricle (infundibulum) is smooth-walled and is directed upwards and to the right towards the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary orifice is guarded by the pulmonary valve, comprising there semilunar cusps. Left Atrium Left Atrium has thicker walls. On the upper part of its posterior wall it presents the opening of the four pulmonary veins and on its septal surface there is a shallow depression corresponding to the fossa ovalis. Left Ventricle has mitral valve ( communicate with left atrium) because possesses a large anterior and a smaller posterior cusp attached to papillary muscles by chordae tendineae. The conducting system of the heart Sinuatrial node is initiated heart-beat . From the cardiac impulse spreads throughout the atrial musculature to reach the atriovantricular node lying in the atrial septum immediately above the opening ogf the coronary sinus. The blood supply to the heart is derived from the right and left coronary arteries whose main branches lie in the interventricular and atrioventricular grooves.

The venous drainage of the heart The bulk of the venous drainage of the heart is achieved by veins which accompany the coronanry arteties and which open into the right atrium. Development of the heart The primitive heart is a single tube . The fully developed heart is developed by atria and great veins come to lie posterior to the ventricles and the roots of the great arteries. Foramen secundum in the septum primum is a hole appears in the upper part of this septum. The development of the aortic arches and their derivatives Aortic Arches have six pairs . the 1st and 2nd disappear; the 3rd become the carotid; 4th becomes the brachiocephalic and the right subclavian artery;on the left, it differentiates into the definitive aortic arch, gives off the left subclavian artery and links up distally with the descending aorta. the 5th is rudimentary and disappears. 6th linked with the latter and forms the right and left pulmonary arteris.