Mathematics Paper 1 and 2 Spring School 2011 3 - 7 October Learner's Guide

Mathematics
Paper 1 and 2
Spring School 2011
3
rd
7
th
October
Learners Guide
Mathematics P1 & P2 Exam Revision Learners Guide
Spring School October 2011
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Brought to you by Page 2
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................ 3
Programme Outline ................................................................................ 4
Broadcast Schedules ............................................................................. 5
Topic Tips for Linear Programming ........................................................ 7
Topic 1:Linear Programming .................................................................. 8
Topic Tips for Functions ....................................................................... 13
Topic 2: Functions ................................................................................ 16
Topic Tips for Calculus ......................................................................... 22
Topic 3: Calculus ................................................................................. 23
Solutions to Topic 1: Linear Programming ........................................... 28
Solutions to Topic 2: Functions ............................................................ 32
Solutions to Exam Questions for Calculus ........................................... 39
Topic Tips for Co-ordination Geometry & Transformations ................... 47
Topic 1: Co-ordination Geometry & Transformations ........................... 48
Topic Tips for Trigonometry: Equations & Identities ............................. 51
Topic 2: Trigonometry: Equations & Identities ...................................... 52
Topic Tips for Trigonometry: Graphs & 3D Trig .................................... 54
Topic 3: Trigonometry: Graphs ............................................................. 56
Topic 3: Trigonometry: 3-D Trig ........................................................... 59
Solutions to Topic 1: Co-ordination Geometry & Transformations ........ 64
Solutions to Topic 2: Trigonometry: Equations & Identities ................... 69
Solutions to Topic 3: Trigonometry: Graphs ......................................... 75
Solutions to Topic 3: 3-D Trig ............................................................... 79

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Introduction
Have you heard about Mindset? Mindset Network, a South African non-profit organisation,
was founded in 2002. We develop and distribute quality and contextually relevant
educational resources for use in the schooling, health and vocational sectors. We
distribute our materials through various technology platforms like TV broadcasts, the
Internet (www.mindset.co.za/learn) and on DVDs. The materials are made available in
video, print and in computer-based multimedia formats.

At Mindset we are committed to innovation. In the last two years, we successfully ran a
series of broadcast events leading up to and in support of the NSC examinations

Now we are proud to announce our 2011 edition of Matric Exam Revision, which began
with our Winter School in July. Weve expanded the broadcast to support you in seven
subjects - Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, Mathematical Literacy, English
1
st
Additional Language, Accounting and Geography.

During our Spring School, you will get exam overviews, study tips on each of the topics we
cover, detailed solutions to selected questions from previous examination papers, short
question and answer sessions so you can check you are on track and live phone in
programmes so you can work through more exam questions with an experienced teacher.

Getting the most from Spring School
Before you watch the broadcast of a topic, read through the questions for the topic and try
to answer them without looking up the solutions. If you get stuck and cant complete the
answer dont panic. Make a note of any questions you have. When watching the Topic
session, compare the approach you took to what the teacher does. Dont just copy the
answers down but take note of the method used.

Make sure you keep this booklet for after Spring School. You can re-do the exam
questions you did not get totally correct and mark your own work by looking up the
solutions at the back of the booklet.

Remember that exam preparation also requires motivation and discipline, so try to stay
positive, even when the work appears to be difficult. Every little bit of studying, revision
and exam practice will pay off. You may benefit from working with a friend or a small study
group, as long as everyone is as committed as you are. Mindset believes that the 2011
Spring School programme will help you achieve the results you want.

If you find Spring School a useful way to revise and prepare for your exams, remember
that we will be running Exam School from 15
th
October to 22
nd
November as well where
we will be repeating material from Spring School with additional live shows. See the full
schedule below.

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Programme Outline
The Mindset Winter School is designed to focus on two subjects each day. For each
subject you will find the following sessions:

- Examination Overview
This is a 15 minute session that gives details of what you can expect in each
examination paper. Practical guidelines are also given on how to prepare for the day of
the exam.

- Topics Tips
In this session you will be given a 15 minutes summary of the key ideas you need to
know, common errors and study hints to help you prepare for your exams.

- Topic Session
An expert teacher will work through specially selected questions from previous exam
papers.

- Live Phone-in
This is your chance to ask your own questions. So submit your question to the Help
Desk and we might call you back to help you live on TV. All questions you submit will
be answered within 48 hours as normal. The Help Desk is available through the
following channels.
- Web: www.learnxtra.co.za
- MXit: learnxtrahelpdesk
- Facebook: www.facebook.com/learnxtra
- Email: helpdesk@learnxtra.co.za
- Phone: 086 105 8262

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Broadcast Schedules
Spring School

Monday 3
rd

October
Tuesday 4
th

October
Wednesday 5
th

October
Thursday 6
th

October
Friday 7
th

October
09h30
Maths Paper 1:
Calculus
English FAL: Paper
2
Physical Sciences
Paper 1: Waves,
Sound and Light
Maths Paper 2:
Trigonometry
Graphs and Solving
3D Problems
Physical Sciences
Paper 2:
Electrochemistry
13h00 Lunch
13h30
Maths Literacy:
Shape and Space
Accounting:
Manufacturing
Accounts
Life Sciences Paper 1:
Evolution
Geography:
Climatology
Life Sciences
Paper 2:
Environmental
Studies
17h00
Maths Paper 1:
Linear
Programming
English FAL: Paper
3
Physical Sciences
Paper 1: Mechanics
Maths Paper 2:
Trigonometry
Equations and
Identities
Physical Sciences
Paper 2: Organic
Chemistry
19h00
Maths Literacy:
Data Handling
Accounting: Cash
Flow and
Interpreting
Statements
DNA & RNA
Geography:
Geomorphology
Life Sciences
Paper 2: Life
Processes
21h00
Maths Paper 1:
Functions
English FAL: Paper
1
Physical Sciences
Paper 1: Electricity
and Magnetism
Maths Paper 2: Co-
ordinate Geometry
and Transformations
Physical Sciences
Paper 2: Rates
and Chemical
Equilibrium
23h00
Maths Literacy:
Financial Maths
Accounting:
Financial
Statements
Genetics
Geography: Mapwork
Life Sciences
Paper 2:
Reproduction
01h00 Broadcast Ends

Exam School
- Saturday 15
th
October: Prelim Review Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Life
Sciences, Maths Literacy
- Wednesday 19
th
October: Maths Literacy Paper 2
- Thursday 20
th
October: Mathematics Paper 2
- Friday 21
st
October: English FAL
- Saturday 22
nd
October: Prelim Review - Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Life
Sciences, Maths Literacy
- Sunday 23
rd
October: Accounting
- Monday 24
th
October: Accounting
- Tuesday 25
th
- Wednesday 26
th
October: Maths Literacy Paper 1
- Thursday 27
th
- Saturday 29
th
- Tuesday 8
th
November: Physical Sciences Paper 1
- Wednesday 9
th
November: English FAL
- Thursday 10
th
- Saturday 12
th
- Sunday 13
th
- Monday 14
th
November: English FAL
- Wednesday 16
th
November: Life Sciences Paper 1
- Thursday 17
th
- Saturday 19
th
- Sunday 19
th
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- Monday 21
st
November: Geography
- Tuesday 22
nd
November: Geography
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Topic Tips for Linear Programming
Overview
Terminology
Essential skills
Types of questions or sub-questions

Terminology

Key Concepts
Constraints - definition, limitation or restriction on a variable
Implicit constraints limitations implied by the situation (Integers, reals etc.)
Feasible region region on the model where a solution exists
Model A system of definitions, assumptions and equations; graphical interpretation
(picture) of the system.
Optimisation- finding the optimal solution, the best solution to our problem

Essential skills

Key Concepts
Straight line equations: sketch straight lines as well as find equations
Inequalities: create inequalities by interpreting words into inequalities as well as solving
inequalities
Substitution: substitution of co-ordinate pairs into an equation to find a solution

Common Errors
Not knowing the formulae for a straight line
Not understanding the concept of a region with respect to inequalities
Language difficulties

Study Hints
Learn the formulae
Break down the problem into the three 'bits' and practise each separately

Types of questions or sub-questions

Key Concepts
Words to inequalities
Equations/inequalities to model
Model to solution: optimisation
Model to equations/inequalities

Words describing
a situation
Optimal Solution
(max or min)
Model
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Topic 1:Linear Programming
Question 1 Words into equations or inequalities:

A farmer needs to build more dams to increase the carrying capacity of his farm. He needs
at least 12000kg sand, at least 800kg gravel and at lease 480kg cement. He can
purchase ready packed crates from the local hardware store. A Strong-build crate has
600kg sand, 200kg gravel, and 60kg cement. A Fastbuild crate has 200kg sand, 200kg
gravel, and 160kg cement.
Let be the number of Strong-build crates and the number of Fastbuild crates, write
down all the constraints.


The owner of a bus takes tourists (adults and children) on a tour of Soweto during the
World Cup. He is allowed to provide the tour as long as the group consists of less than 60
people and subject to the following constraints:
There must be at least 35 persons in the group
There must be at least 6 adults in the group
There must not be more than 14 adults
If represents the number of children and the number of adults, write down all the
constraints.


A surfboard company makes two types of surfboards, namely airbrushed and clear.
It takes eight hours to make an airbrushed board and four hours to make a clear board.
The company can only work for a maximum of 72 hours per week.
At least 10 boards must be made weekly. No more than 12 clear boards can be produced
weekly.
Let be the number of airbrushed boards and the number of clear boards, write down all
the constraints.


An entrepreneur in the low-veld makes two types of braai stands. Impala-braai sets and
Kudu-braai sets are made every month. The factory cannot manufacture more than 100
Impala and 60 Kudu sets per month. The maximum number of 140 sets of both types can
be made each month. A farm produce store has a standing order for 10 Impala and 30
Kudu set per month. The number of Kudu sets made each month is not more than twice
the number of Impala sets made each month.

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e
d
c
b
a
F
y
x
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
60
30
40
50
20
10
Question 5 Model into a series of Inequalities:

The sketch represents the feasible region for a system of inequalities (constraints).Write
down all the inequalities which apply to this graph.

In the sketch alongside, the shaded area represents the feasible region for a set of linear
constraints. The lines have been labelled a, b, c, d and e. Find the respective equations.

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Give the constraints which are described by the above model.

Question 8 Maximising or Minimising from a Model:

A factory produces Plasma(x) and Flat Screen(y) televisions. The profit on one Plasma
television is R750 and on one Flat Screen is R1250.
8.1 Write down the objective function representing the profit per week. (1)
8.2 Determine the number of Plasma televisions and the number of Flat Screen
televisions that have to be produced to yield a maximum profit using the model
below. (4)

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Stacey runs a cottage industry that manufacturers a variety of chocolate sauces using
local ingredients, vanilla extract imported form Mauritius and some other secret items.
Recipe X uses cream and melted Bar Ones while recipe Y uses cream, almonds and Lint
chocolate.
9.1 If a profit of R200 is made on every litre of recipe X sold and R150 profit on
every litre of recipe Y sold, write down an equation for weekly profit. (2)
9.2 Use the model below to determine the maximum profit Stacey could make. (2)

Question 10 'Complete' Question:
Adapted from DBE November 2010, Paper 1, Question 11

A factory produces two types of braai stands, Type A and Type B.
Type A requires one hour of machine-time and three hours for welding and finishing.
Type B requires two hours of machine-time and one hours for welding and finishing.
In one day the factory has available no more than 28 hours machine-time and no more
than 24 hours for welding and finishing.

10.1 The factory produces x Type A and y Type B on a particularly day, write down
the constraints terms of x and y. (4)
10.2 Represent these constraints on the grid provided.
Shade the feasible region. (3)
10.3 Determine the largest number of each type that could be manufactured on
one day. (2)
10.4 Determine the maximum number of braai stands that could be
manufactured. (2)
10.5 If the demand of Type A braai stands is at least as large as Type B braai stands,
determine the maximum number of both types that can be manufactured. What is the
machine-time requires in this case? (5)

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Question 11:
Adapted from DBE Feb-March 2011, Paper 1, Question 12

While preparing for the 2010 Soccer World Cup, a group of investors decided to build a
guesthouse with single and double bedrooms to hire out to visitors. They came up with
the following constraints for the guesthouse:
* There must be at least one single bedroom.
* They intend to build at least 10 bedrooms altogether, but not more than 15.
* Furthermore, the number of double bedrooms must be at least twice the
number of single bedrooms.
* There should not be more than 12 double bedrooms.
Let the number of single bedrooms be x and the number of double bedrooms be y.

11.1 Write down the constraints as a system of inequalities. (6)
11.2 Represent the system of constraints on the graph paper provided on the
diagram sheet. Indicate the feasible region by means of shading. (7)
11.3 According to these constraints, could the guesthouse have 5 single bedrooms
and 8 double bedrooms? Motivate your answer (2)
11.4 The rental for a single bedroom is R600 per night and R900 per night for a
double bedroom. How many rooms of each type of bedroom should the
contractors build so that the guesthouse produces the largest income per night?
Use a search line to determine your answer and assume that all bedrooms in
the guesthouse are fully occupied. (3)

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Topic Tips for Functions

Overview of

FUNCTIONS
Definition of a function
-Domain of a function
-Range of a function
-Vertical line test
-Horizontal line test
-One -to - one mapping
-Many-to- one mapping
LINEAR FUNCTIONS
-=+
QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS
-Shape
-Axis of symmetry
-Intercepts
-=
2
++
-=()
2
+
-=()()
-Functional
transformations
^^
EXPONENTIAL AND
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS
-Increasing functions >0
- decreasing functions 0<<1
-Asymptotes
-Intercepts
-Inverse functions
-Shape--concavity
-Functional transformations
HYPERBOLA
-=/()+
-()()=
-Shape
-Quadrants
-Asymptotes
-Axis of symmetry
-Intercepts
-Functional
transformations
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Linear Functions
Key Concepts

Calculating the gradient of a straight line using a given formula.
Using the dual intercept method to sketch the straight line

Common Errors
Calculating intercepts and gradient wrongly.
Application of simultaneous equations to find points of intersection.
Dealing with parallel and perpendicular lines when interpreting functions.

Quadratic Functions

Key Concepts
Sketching the graph given the equation in any of the three forms.
Determining the equation of a parabola given the graph
Calculating maximum or minimum value of the quadratic function
Calculating coordinates of intercepts with the axes
Calculating equation of axis of symmetry and coordinates of turning point.

Common Errors
Completing the square incorrectly.

are usually confused when using this form

of the equation of a parabola.
Calculating the value of when using

Confusion on the direction of horizontal shifts e.g

and
.
Forgetting the formula for axis of symmetry.
Calculating maximum length at
.

Hyperbola

Key Concepts
Structure of the equation in two forms

Equations of asymptotes and equation of axis of symmetry.
Sign of and its effect on the quadrants.
Intercepts with axes
Application of functional transformations on a hyperbola graph.
Sketching the graph of a hyperbola.
Determining the equation given the graph.

Common Errors
Drawing curves in wrong quadrants.
Not marking asymptotes clearly using dotted lines
Give equations of the asymptotes as not as the coordinates of
point (p ;q) or just single values of p and q
Not applying functional transformations to asymptotes
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Exponential, Logarithmic and Inverse functions

Key Concepts
for exponential
Asymptotes
Application of various functional transformations
Equation of inverse function
Sketching graph of
on the same set of axes.

Domain and Range of inverse function

Common Errors
Wrong shape of curve.
Wrong application of functional transformations.
Wrong asymptotes after applying transformations
Wrong notation for domain and Range.

Study Hints
Use correct notation for domain and range
Revise completing the square thoroughly
Revise laws of exponents and laws of Logarithms

Practise sketching parabolas involving different types of functional transformations
Revise simultaneous equations to use them when finding points of intersection.
Practise mixed graph questions involving a parabola and straight line
Practise drawing a hyperbola both when .
Always put dotted lines for asymptotes

Practise calculating coordinates of intercepts with axes and equation of axis of
symmetry.
Do many questions involving functional transformations.

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Topic 2: Functions

Question 1 Quadratic and Linear functions
Adapted from March, 2011, Paper 1, Question Number 6

A parabola intersects the -axis at B and C and the -axis at E. The axis of symmetry of
the parabola has equation . The line through E and C has the equation
.

1.1 Show that the coordinates of C are (7 ; 0). (1)

1.2 Calculate the -coordinate of B. (1)

1.3 Determine the equation of in the form
(6)

1.4 Write down the equation of the graph of , the reflection of in the -axis. (1)

1.5 Write down the maximum value of if (2)

1.6 Solve for if
(4)
[15]

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Question 2 Hyperbola
Adapted from March,2011, Paper1, Question 5

Consider the function
.

2.1 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of . (2)

2.2 Calculate the intercepts of the graph of with the axes. (3)

2.3 Sketch the graph of on DIAGRAM SHEET 1. (3)

2.4 Write down the range of . (1)

2.5 Describe in words, the transformation of to If
(2)
[11]

Question 3 Hyperbola and Linear Functions
Adapted from November, 2010, Paper 1, Question Number 4

Given
. The point A(2 ; 3) is the point of intersection of the asymptotes of

. The graph of intersects the -axis at (1 ; 0). D is the -intercept of .


3.2 Determine an equation of (3)

3.3 Write down the coordinates of D. (2)

3.4 Write down an equation of if is the straight line joining A and D. (3)

3.5 Write down the coordinates of the other point of intersection of and (4)
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[14]
Question 4 Exponential, logarithmic and Inverse Functions
Adapted from March, 2009, Paper 1, Question 7

The graph of
is sketched below.

is a point on the graph of .

4.1 Explain why the coordinates of Q are (0 ; 1). (2)

4.2 Calculate the value of. (2)

4.3 Write down the equation for the inverse function ,
, in the form (2)

4.4 Draw a sketch graph on DIAGRAM SHEET 1, of
. Indicate on this graph

the coordinates of two points that lie on this graph. (3)

4.5 Read off from your graph the values of for which
(2)

4.6 If
, determine the value of for which (3)

[14]

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Question 5 Quadratic and Hyperbola Functions
Adapted from March, 2009, Paper 1, Question 6

Sketched below are the graphs of
and
. A
is a
point on the graph of . P is the turning point of . The asymptotes of are represented
by the dotted lines. The graph of passes through the origin.

5.1 Determine the equation of . (4)

5.2 Determine the coordinates of P the turning point of . (4)


5.4 Write down the equation of , If is the image of reflected in the -axis. (1)
[11]

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Question 6 Exponential Functions
Adapted from November, 2010, Paper 1, Question Number 5

Consider the function
.

6.1 Calculate the coordinates of the intercepts of with the axes. (4)

6.2 Write down the equation of the asymptote of . (1)

6.3 Sketch the graph of on DIAGRAM SHEET 1. (3)

6.4 Write down the equation of If is the graph of shifted 2 units upwards (1)

6.5 Solve for if (You need not simplify your answer.) (3)
[12]

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Question 7 Logarithmic Functions
Adapted from November, 2009, Paper 1, Question 8

Sketched below is the graph of

7.1 Write down the domain of . (1)

7.2 Write down the equation of
in the form (1)

7.3 Write down the equation of the asymptote of
. (1)

7.4 Explain how, using the graph of you would sketch the graph of:

7.4.1
(1)

7.4.2
(3)

7.5 Use the graph of to solve for where
(3)
[10]

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Topic Tips for Calculus

Overview
Use of first principles and rules to find derivatives.
Graphs and graph interpretation.
Maximum and minimum problems.

Use of first principles and rules to find derivatives

Key Concepts
Formula to find the derivative from first principles
0
( ) ( )
'( ) lim
h
f x h f x
f x
h
+
=
Rules for differentiation
( ) ; f x k k = e9 then '( ) 0 f x =
( )
n
f x x = then
1
'( )
n
f x nx

=

Common Errors
When using the first principles formula be sure to either bracket the

( ) ( ) f x h f x
h
+

Study Hints
Know your rules really well.

Graphs and graph interpretation.

Key Concepts
Sketching a cubic function.
Using a sketched set of graphs to answer appropriate questions using calculus

Common Errors
Being able to plot and draw successfully using information we have calculated.
Knowing how to use your graph in order to read off solutions.
Being able to work from the derivative of a graph to the original graph.

Study Hints
Always try to remember the characteristics that are particular to graphs and their
derivative.

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Maxima and Minima Calculus Problems.

Key Concepts
The maximum value is determined if '( ) 0 f x = and ''( ) 0 f x >
The maximum value is determined if '( ) 0 f x = and ''( ) 0 f x <

Common Errors
Difficulty in establishing the equation that needs to be maximised.

Study Hints
Remember the basic formula needed for the area and volume of various figures.

Topic 3: Calculus
Question 1
Adapted from DoE February/ March, 2011, Paper 1, Question 9.1

Use the definition to differentiate f (x) = 1 - 3x
2
. (Use first principles.) (4)

Question 2

Calculate
(3)

Question 3

Determine (1 +x )
2

(3)
Question 4
Adapted from DoE November, 2010, Paper 1, Question 8.2.

Evaluate
if y =
+ 4

(3)

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Question 5
Adapted from DoE February/ March, 2011, Paper 1, Question 10

Given: g (x) = (x 6)(x 3)(x + 2)

5.1 Calculate the y-intercept of g. (1)

5.2 Write down the x-intercepts of g. (2)

5.3 Determine the turning points of g. (6)

5.4 Sketch the graph of g on DIAGRAM SHEET 2. (4)

5.5 For which values of x is g(x).g
'
(x) < 0? (3)
[16]
Question 6
Adapted from DoE November, 2010, Paper 1, Question 9.

The graphs of y = g' (x) = ax
2
+ bx + c and h(x) = 2x 4 are sketched below. The graph
of y = g' (x) = ax
2
+ bx + c is the derivative graph of a cubic function g.

The graph of h and g' have a common y-intercept at E.
C(-2 ; 0) and D(6 ; 0) are the x-intercepts of the graph of g'.
A is the x-intercept of h and B in the turning points of g'.
AB y-axis
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6.1 Write down the coordinates of E. (1)

6.2 Determine the equation of the graph of g in the form y = ax
2
+ bx + c . (4)

6.3 Write down the x-coordinates of the turning points of g. (2)

6.4 Write down the x-coordinate of the point of inflection of the graph of g. (2)

6.5 Explain why g has a local maximum at x = 2 . (3)
[12]

Question 7
Adapted from DoE November, 2010, Paper 1, Question 8.3.

A function g(x) = ax
2
+
has a minimum value at x = 4. The function value at

x = 4 is 96. Calculate the values of a and b. (6)

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Question 8
Adapted from DoE February/ March, 2011, Paper 1, Question 11

A farmer has a piece of land in the shape of a right-angled triangle OMN, as shown in the
figure below. He allocates a rectangular piece of land PTOR to his daughter, giving her the
freedom to choose P anywhere along the boundary MN. Let OM = a, ON = b and P(x ; y)
be any point on MN.

8.1 Determine an equation of MN in terms of a and b (2)

8.2 Prove that the daughter's land will have a maximum area if she chooses P at the
midpoint of MN. (6)
[8]

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Question 9
Adapted from DoE November, 2010, Paper 1, Question 10

A satellite is to be constructed in the shape of a cylinder with a hemisphere at each end.
The radius of the cylinder is r metres and its height is h metres (see diagram below). The
outer surface area of the satellite is to be coated with heat-resistant material which is very
expensive.

The volume of the satellite has to be
cubic metres.

9.1 Show that h =
. (3)

9.2 Hence, show that the outer surface area of the satellite can be given as
S =
(3)

9.3 Calculate the minimum outer surface area of the satellite. (6)
[12]

Outer surface area of a sphere = 4 r
2

Curved surface area of a cylinder = 2 rh

Volume of a sphere =
r
3

Volume of a cylinder = r
2
h
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Solutions to Topic 1: Linear Programming

Question 1 Words into equations or inequalities Answers:

Implicit constraints:

Question 2 Words into equations or inequalities
Answers:






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BC:
which can also be written as:

AE and CD
AB
ED


A:

B:

C:
D:
E:


ML

NK

MN
KL
+10


8.1

8.2

The Maximum profit will be if 5 plasma and 8 flat screen televisions are produced.

x y Profit
8 2 8 500
2 8 11 500
5 8 13 750
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9.1

9.2

Maximum profit if 30 litres of X and 20 litres of Y are sold.

Question 10

10.1

10.2

10.3 8 x-type and 14 y-type
10.4 4 x-type and 12 y-type. Total 16 braai stands.
10.5 Additional constraint:
x y Profit
10 40 8 000
20 20 7 000
30 20 9 000
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Maximum number is 6 x-type and 6 y-type.
Machine time will be:

Question 11:

11.1

11.2

11.3 Yes it could. The point (5 ; 8) lies within the feasible region.

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11.4

X y Income
1 10 9 600
1 12 11 400
3 12 12 600
15 0 9 000
10 0 6 000

The maximum income per night will come from 3 single and 12 double rooms.

Solutions to Topic 2: Functions

Question 1 Quadratic and Linear functions]

1.1

1.2 C is 4 units to the left of point (3 ; 0)

1.3

Substitute B or C :
Substitute E:

Solving simultaneously gives:

OR

OR

Using the axis of symmetry:

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1.4

1.5 Maximum value

1.6

OR substitute for and solve for

Question 2 Hyperbola

2.1 and

2.2 -intercept: when

y-intercept:

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2.3

2.4 is a reflection of in the -axis
is an asymptote
Range

2.5

is a reflection of in the -axis

OR
(i) Horizontal translation/shift of by 2 units to the left followed by;
(ii) Reflection in the x-axis followed by;
(iii) A vertical translation/shift of 4 units downwards.

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Question 3 Hyperbola and Linear functions

3.1 and

3.2

Substitute

3.3

3.4

3.5 Point A(2 ; 3) is the midpoint of the line joining D
to the other point of

intersection.
Let

be the other point of intersection

is the other point of intersection.

OR Solve
simultaneously

OR Use symmetry to determine the coordinates.

Question 4 Exponential, Logarithmic and Inverse Functions

4.1

Q is the y-intercept of

At Q:

Q(0 ; 1)

4.2

Substitute

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4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

Question 5 Hyperbola and Quadratic functions

5.1 Substituting vertical and horizontal asymptotes

Substituting (0 ; 0)

5.2

Substituting

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5.3 is a horizontal shift of the graph of by 1 unit to the right. Thus the
vertical asymptote is shifted by 1 unit to the right.

5.4

Question 6 Exponential functions

6.1 At -intercept

-Intercept

At -intercept

-intercept

6.2

6.3

6.4

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6.5

Question 7 Logarithmic functions

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4.1
is a reflection of the graph of in the -axis

7.4.2

is the graph of
shifted by 5 units downwards.

OR A reflection of the graph of in the line followed by a vertical translation/shift
of 5 units downwards.

7.5

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Solutions to Exam Questions for Calculus

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

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Question 4

Question 5

5.1

5.2

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5.3

5.4

5.5

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Question 6

6.1

6.2

6.3

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6.4

6.5

Question 7

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Question 8

8.1

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8.2

Question 9

9.1

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9.2

9.3

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Topic Tips for Co-ordination Geometry & Transformations

Overview
Straight lines on Cartesian plane
Circles on Cartesian Plane
Transformations

Straight lines on Cartesian plane
Know how to apply formulae
Gradient
Perpendicular Lines
Mid-point
Distance between two points

Circles on Cartesian plane
Circle with centre at origin
Circle with centre not at the origin
Circle & tangent

Transformations
Know how to apply the following transformations to a point or a shape
Translation
Reflection
Rotation
Enlargement

Study Hints
Be familiar with the data sheet
Write up a summary of all the formulae one a single A4 page including the formulae
not on the data sheet
Revise the geometric properties of triangles and quadrilaterals

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1
2
BPQ A
Topic 1: Co-ordination Geometry & Transformations
Question 1

The diagram below shows the points P(0 ; 2) and Q(4 ; 0). Point A is the midpoint of PQ.
The line AB is perpendicular to PQ and intersects the x-axis at G and the y-axis at B.

1.1 Show that the gradient of PQ is (1)

1.2 Determine the coordinates of A. (2)

1.3 Determine the equation of the line AB (5)

1.4 Calculate the length of BQ. (3)

1.5 Show that is isosceles. (2)

1.6 If PBQR is a rhombus, determine the coordinates of R. (3)
[16]
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Question 2

The straight line AB has the equation 5 3 5 0 y x = . Another straight line CD is drawn to
intersect AB at P(5 ; 4) such that the acute angle between AB and CD is 45 .

2.1 Determine the gradient of the line CD. (5)

2.2 Hence, or otherwise, determine the equation of the line CD. (2)
[7]

Question 3

3.1 Determine the centre and radius of the circle with the equation defined by
2 2
8 4 38 0 x y x y + + + = (4)

3.2 A second circle has the equation
2 2
( 4) ( 6) 26 x y + = . Calculate the distance
between the centres of the two circles. (2)

3.3 Hence, show that the circles intersect each other. (3)

3.4 Show that the circles intersect along the line 4 y x = + . (4)
[13]

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Question 4

The point ( ; 2) x is rotated about the origin through an angle of 150 in an anticlockwise
direction to give the point ( 3; ) y . Calculate the values of x and y. [5]

Question 5

In the diagram below AMNP is given with vertices M( 5 ; 2), N (6 ; 4) and P(2 ; 4).
AMNP is enlarged by a factor of 1,5 to
/ / /
P N M A .

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x
y
O

5.1
Draw
/ / /
P N M A on the grid provided.

(3)

5.2 Write down the values of:

5.2.1
/ /
N M
MN

(2)

5.2.2
/ / /
P N M area
MNP area

(2)

5.3 If the above transformation is applied to MNP A n more times to get the image
// // //
P N M , write down the value of
// // //
P N M area
MNP area
.

(2)
[9]

M( 5 ; 2)
P(2 ; 4)
N(6 ; 4)
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Topic Tips for Trigonometry: Equations & Identities
Overview

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Topic 2: Trigonometry: Equations & Identities

Question 1
Adapted from February, 2011,DOE Paper 2, 10.4

Determine the general solution of:
(7)

Question 2
Adapted from November, 2009, DOE Paper 2, 9.3

Determine the general solution of:
(7)

Question 3
Adapted from October, 2009, DOE Paper 2, 5.1 and 5.2

The following identity is given:

3.1 Give the values of A for which this identity will be undefined. (2)

3.2 Prove the following identity (6)

Question 4
Adapted from February/March, 2011, DOE Paper 2, 10.5.2

Prove that:

for all other values of x.
(5)
Question 5
Adapted from November, 2008, Western Cape DOE Paper 2, 4.1

Simplify the following to its simplest form:

(5)

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Question 6
Adapted from June, 2008, DOE Paper 2, 4.2

Given that sin27 express each of the following in term of t:

6.1 (2)

6.2 (3)

6.3 (2)

6.4 (3)

Question 7
Adapted from November, 2008, DOE Western Cape Paper 2, 5.1

Answer the following without the use of the calculator:

Given that:
and
, where , calculate:

7.1 (6)

7.2 (3)

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Topic Tips for Trigonometry: Graphs & 3D Trig
Overview of Trig Graphs
Terminology
Critical Skills
Types of Questions
Hints

Terminology
Amplitude maximum distance from the midpoint
Period time (degrees) taken to make one complete cycle or oscillation
Shift Function is translated horizontally or vertically
Wavelength distance between two points at the same phase on consecutive cycles
Point of intersection the point where two or more graphs touch
Domain the x-values for which the function is defined
Range the y-values which result on the domain being put into the function
Intercepts points where the function(s) touches the x- and y-axis
Turning points local max and min points of the function(s), tangent has slope of zero!
Increasing/decreasing tangent to function would have positive/negative slope
Asymptotes line toward which the function tends but never reaches

Key Concepts
Interval notation
Calculator skills
Sketching graphs
Identities formula sheet and others
Equations general and specific solution
Understanding inequalities

Types of Questions
Given graph find equations
Given equation - sketch graph
Questions relating to terminology etc.

Hints
Use table function on the calculator to double check points for sketching
To solve an equation with sin and cos use the reduction

Use the basic equation to check the shifts: y= a trig (bx c ) +d

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Overview of 3-Dimensional Trigonometry
Trig in right angled triangles
Sine, Cosine, Area rules
Literal manipulation type questions

Trig in right angled Triangles

Recognise right angle

Common Errors
Not using 'easy' trig triangles - buildings, lamp posts, cliff faces, etc. all right angled!
Calculator not in degrees

Study Hints
Redraw diagram in terms of separate triangles

Sine, Cosine, Area rule
Use the appropriate formula

Common Errors
Misusing equations
Not able to find angles - trig equations

Study Hints
Redraw diagram in terms of separate triangles

Literal manipulation type questions

Manipulation/use of answers already calculated
Use compound angle formulae
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Topic 3: Trigonometry: Graphs
Question 1
Adapted from DoE Exemplar Paper 2, 2008, Question 8

Sketches below are the graphs of the functions
and

for the interval
. The curves intersect at points A and

B.

1.1 Determine the co-ordinates of the points A and B. (7)
1.2 For what values of is ? (2)

Question 2
Adapted from DoE Paper 2, March 2010, Question 11

Given and

2.1 Calculate the points of intersection of the graphs and
for
(7)
2.2 Draw sketch graphs of and for
on the same set

of axis (4)
2.3 For which values of will for
(3)

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Question 3

Consider the graphs above. A and B are the turning points of f and g respectively.
Given and

3.1 Find the values of a, b and p (6)
3.2 What is the period of f (1)

Question 4
Adapted from DoE Preparatory examinations 2008, Question 7

Given the following functions:
and .

4.1 Sketch the functions for
. Clearly show the intercepts with

axes as well as the turning points. (8)
4.2 Calculate values of x for for
(8)
4.3 Use your graph to determine the value(s) of x for which
for
(2)
4.4 State the value(s) of for which g(x) is negative and x is increasing
for
(2)

Question 5
Adapted from DoE Paper2, November 2010, Question 12

Given: and
5.1 Sketch the graphs of and on the same system of axis for

. (6)
5.2 Solve for if and
. Show all working

details. (8)
5.3 Use the graph to solve for : (4)
5.4 Write down the period of
(2)
5.5 Write down the equations of the asymptotes of

for
(2)
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Question 6
Adapted from DoE Paper 2, Feb-March 2011, Question 12

The graph of is drawn below.

6.1 Write down the period of (1)
6.2 Write down the amplitude of h if
(2)
6.3 Draw the graph of
on the above grid, for the

interval
(3)
6.4 Use the graph to determine the number of solutions exists for

for the interval
(1)
6.5 For which values of is (2)
6.6 For which values of is
and
(3)

-180
o

x
-150
o
150
o
30
o
60
o
120
o
90
o

180
o

-120
o
-90
o
-60
o
-30
o

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Topic 3: Trigonometry: 3-D Trig

Question 1
Adapted from DoE Exemplar, 2008, Question 7

CD is a vertical mast. The points B, C and E are in the same horizontal plane. BD and ED
are cables joining the top of the mast to pegs on the ground. DE = 28,1m and BC =
20,7m. The angle of elevation of D from B is
. Angle
and angle

Give your answers correct to 1 decimal place in each of the following:

a Calculate the length of BD (3)
b Calculate the length of BE (4)
c Calculate the area of BCE (2)
[9]

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Question 2

In the diagram below, AB is a straight line 1000m long. DC is a tower 154m high with C, A
and B in the same horizontal plane. The angles of D from A and B are
and
respectively. Angle

a Determine the length of AC (rounded to two decimal places) (2)
b Determine the value of to the nearest degree. (6)
[8]

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Question 3

In the diagram, B, D and C are points in the same horizontal plane. AB is a vertical
telephone mast. The angle of elevation of A from D is .

a Express AB in terms of DB and (2)
b Show that
(4)
c Hence prove that

(2)

A
x
D
B
C

y
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Question 4
Adapted from DoE Paper 2, 2010, Question 11

The angle of elevation from a point C on the ground, at the centre of the goalpost, to the
highest point A of the arc, directly above the centre of the Moses Mabhida soccer stadium,
is 64,75. The soccer pitch is 100 metres long and 64 metres wide as prescribed by FIFA
for world cup stadiums. Also AC = PC.
In the figure below PQ = 100 metres and PC = 32 metres.

a Determine AC (3)
b Calculate angle PAC (3)
c A camera is positioned at point D, 40 meters directly below A.
Calculate the distance from D to C. (4)
[10]

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Question 5

In the diagram P, Q and R are three points in the same horizontal plane and SR is a
vertical tower of height h metres.
The angle of elevation of S from Q is ,
and PQ = 6 metres.

a Express QR in terms of h and a trigonometric function of . (2)
b Express
in terms of . (2)
c Hence show that (7)
[11]
P
Q
R
S
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Solutions to Topic 1: Co-ordination Geometry & Transformations
Question 1

1.1
PQ
2 0 1
0 4 2
m

= =

substitution
(1)
1.2
0 4 2 0
A ; A(2 ; 1)
2 2
+ + | |
=
|
\ .

x-coordinate
y-coordinate
(2)
1.3
AB PQ
AB
. 1
2
1 2( 2)
1 2 4
2 3
m m
m
y x
y x
y x
=
=
=
=
=

AB PQ
. 1 m m =

AB
2 m =
equation of line
substitution
2 3 y x =
(5)
1.4
2 2 2
2
B(0 ; 3)
Q(4 ; 0)
BQ (0 4) ( 3 0)
BQ 25
BQ 5
= +
=
=

B(0; 3)
substitution
answer
(3)
1.5 BP 5
But BQ 5
BP BQ
BPQ is isosceles
=
=
=
A

BP 5 =
BP BQ =
(2)
1.6 If PBQR is a rhombus, then A is the midpoint of BR.
Let the coordinates of R be ( ; ) x y
0 3
2 and 1
2 2
4 and 5
R(4 ; 5)
x y
x y
+
= =
= =

A is the midpoint
x-coordinate
y-coordinate
(3)
[16]

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Question 2

2.1
AB
5 3 5 0
5 3 5
3
1
5
3
5
Let be the inclination of AB
3
tan
5
30, 96
Let be the inclination of CD
45 30, 96 75, 96
gradient of CD tan 75, 96 4
y x
y x
y x
m
=
= +
= +
=
o
o =
o =
|
| = + =
= =

AB
3
5
m =

3
tan
5
o =
30, 96 o =
75, 96 | =

CD
4 m =
(5)
2.2 4 4( 5)
4 4 20
4 16
y x
y x
y x
=
=
=

substitution
equation
(2)
[7]
Question 3

3.1
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
8 4 38 0
8 4 38
8 16 4 4 38 16 4
( 4) ( 2) 58
Centre ( 4 ; 2)
radius 58
x y x y
x x y y
x x y y
x y
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + + + = + +
+ + + =
=
=

completing the
square
factor form
centre
radius
(4)
3.2 Centre of second circle: (4 ; 6)
2 2
Distance ( 4 4) ( 2 6) 128 = + =
(4 ; 6)
128
(2)
3.3
sum of radii 58 26 12, 71
Distance between centres 128 11, 31
sum of radii distance between centres
circles intersect
= + =
= =
>

sum of radii
conclusion
(3)

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3.4 Check that the line 4 y x = + cuts the two circles at
the same point.
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
8 4 38 0
( 4) 8 4( 4) 38 0
8 16 8 4 16 38 0
2 4 6 0
2 3 0
( 3)( 1) 0
3 or 1
x y x y
x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
+ + + =
+ + + + + =
+ + + + =
=
=
+ =
= =

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
( 4) ( 6) 26
( 4) ( 4 6) 26
8 16 ( 2) 26
8 16 4 4 26
2 4 6 0
2 3 0
( 3)( 1) 0
3 or 1
x y
x x
x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
+ =
+ + =
+ + =
+ + + + =
=
=
+ =
= =

substitution
answer
substitution
answer
(4)
[13]

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Question 4

3 cos150 2sin150
3 ( cos30 ) 2sin30
3 cos30 2sin30
3 1
3 2
2 2
6 3 2
3 4
4
3
sin150 2cos150
4
sin30 2cos30
3
4 1 3
2
2 2 3
2
3
3
2 3 3
3
2 3
3
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
y x
y
y
y
y
y
=
=
=
| |
| |
=
|
|
\ .
\ .
=
=
=
= +
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
| || |
=
|
| |
\ . \ .
\ .
=
=
1
3
y =

3 cos150 2sin150 x =

3 1
3 2
2 2
x
| |
| |
=
|
|
\ .
\ .

4
3
x =
sin150 2cos150 y x = +

1
3
y =

[5]

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Question 5

5.1

5.1 see diagram above coordinates of new
points
(3)
5.2.1 2 2 2
2
/ /
/ /
MN (6 ( 5)) (4 2)
MN 125
MN 125
3
M N 125
2
MN 125 2
3
3
M N
125
2
= +
=
=
=
= =

MN 125 =

/ /
MN 2
3
M N
=
(2)
5.2.2
/ / / 2
area MNP 1 1 4
9
9
area M N P
3
4
2
= = =
| |
|
\ .

4
9

(2)
5.3 1
// // //
area MNP 4
9
area M N P
n+
| |
=
|
\ .

answer
(2)
[9]
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Solutions to Topic 2: Trigonometry: Equations & Identities

Question 1

Reference angle: Reference angle: 0

Question 2

A
C
T
S
A
C
T
S
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Question 3

3.1

3.2

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Question 4

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Question 5

Question 6

6.1

6.2

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6.3

6.4

Question 7

and
and

C T
A
S
T
S
C
A
-3
5
4
-8
17
15
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7.1

7.2

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Solutions to Topic 3: Trigonometry: Graphs
Question 1
1.1 At point of intersection

1.2

Question 2
2.1 At point of intersection

2.2

2.3

g(x)
f(x)
180
0
o
1
-1
315
0
o
360
0
o
225
0
o
270
0
o
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Question 3
3.1

3.2

Question 4

4.1

4.2 Point of intersection:

4.3

4.4

-90
o

1/2
-45
o
-30
o
45
o

90
o

135
o
150
o

180
o

60
o

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Question 5
5.1
5.2

5.3 Both positive:

Both negative: no solution

5.4

5.5
means a translation right

-90
o

f(x)
45
o

x
90
o

g(x)
g(x)
g(x)
-45
o

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Question 6
6.1

6.2 amplitude of

6.3

6.4 2 points of intersection

6.5

6.6

-180
o

x
-150
o
150
o
30
o
60
o
120
o
90
o

180
o

-120
o
-90
o
-60
o
-30
o

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Solutions to Topic 3: 3-D Trig

Question 1
a

Question 2
a

Question 3
a

Question 4
a

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Question 5
a

Mathematics Paper 1 and 2 Spring School 2011 3 - 7 October Learner's Guide

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Mathematics Paper 1 and 2 Spring School 2011 3 - 7 October Learner's Guide

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Mathematics

are usually confused when using this form

on the same set of axes.

. The point A(2 ; 3) is the point of intersection of the asymptotes of

is a point on the graph of .

, in the form (2)

. Indicate on this graph

, determine the value of for which (3)

in the form (1)

has a minimum value at x = 4. The function value at

which can also be written as:

which can also be written as:

which can also be written as:

which can also be written as:

which can also be written as:

to the other point of

be the other point of intersection

is the other point of intersection.

shifted by 5 units downwards.

for the interval

. The curves intersect at points A and

on the same set

. Clearly show the intercepts with

. Show all working

on the above grid, for the

for the interval

means a translation right

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