ARMY SERVICE FORCES MANUAL

III-----~ -I IL I~=

LiJL
I I---e c~ I, I-

Co
I

Vfl AFFAIRS HANDBOOK

BELGIUM
SECTION 8: INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
I -r I , , -I ~I I ------I --III I I

r Dissemination of restricted matter. - The information contoa ne nr ricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted materiaJ may be given to any person known to be in the service of the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated to the public or to the press (See also 'par. 18b, except by authorized military public relations agencies. AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)

HEADQUARTERS,
24-64610 ABCD

ARMY SERVICE FORCES,

1 JANUARY 1944

ARMY SERVICE FORCES MANUAL

---~L-I _ I Ilsl~a --nr---~-----d C Il~~-I-~-~ll-s~-..1-I~-l~ ll 1

M-361-8
Civil Affairs
1~ 8~ 11~-

CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK

BELGIUM
SECTION 8: INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE

BYL ~C-- -

-- I

-P-- I

- -n -~---- -- ~ -- -~-

--- --- - ---- ~SS~arul a

HEADQUARTERS,

ARMY SERVICE FORCES,

JANUARY

1944

. .. Dissemination of restricted matter. - The information contained in restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted material may be given to any person known to be in the service of the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated to the public or to the press except by authorized military public relations agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)

NUMBERING

SYSTEM

OF

ARMY

SERVICE

FORCES MANUALS

The

main subject

matter

of

each Army Service the

Forces Manual

is

indicated

by consecutive

numbering within

following categories:

M1

M99

Basic

and

Aavanced

Training

MOO
M200

M199 Army Specialized Training program and Pre-Induction

Training M299 M399 M499 personnel and Morale

M300 M400 -

Civil Affairs Supply and Fiscal procurement and Administration Miscellaneous Equipment, Materiel, * * Housing and * SERVICE FORCES.. 1 January 1944 Construction production Transportation

M500 M600 M700 M800 M900 -

M599 M699
M799 M899 up

HEADQUARTERS, ARMY Washington 25, D. C.,

Army

Service

Forces

Manual

881-8,

Civil Affairs

Handbook -

Industry

and

Commerce

in Belgium, has been prepared under the

General, and is published. for the

supervision of The
and guidance

Provost

Marshal

information

of

all

concerned.

[sex

481

(21

Sep

43).]
General SOMERVELL:

By command

of Lieutenant

W.

D.

STYER, Staff.

Major General,

General Staff Corps,

of

Chief

OFFICIAL:
J. A. ULIO, Adjutant General.

Major General,
24 -64 61O3CD

C I VIL

A FFA I RS HANDBOOKS
OUTLINE

TOP ICAL

1. 2.
3. 4.

Geographical and Social Backg~round

Government and Administration

Legal

Affair.

Government 3inance
Natural Resources Mriculture Industry and Commerce Labor

5. Money and Banking 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. Public Works and Utilities

11. 12. 13. 14. Transportation Systems

Communications
Public Health and Sanitation Public Safety

15. Education 16. Public Welfare 17.

O xltural

Institutions

This study on Industry and Conmmerce in Belgium was prepared for the Military Government Division of the Office of the Provost Marshal General by the BUREAU OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF C0!,MMRCF ,

INTRO tOTION
PUlsof the
the Command ing ilAffairs

Hdbook.
establishing
those orderly

The basic purposes of civil affairs officers are (1) to assist which will contrib~ute most effectively to the conduct of military operations, (2) to reduce to a minimum the human suffering and the material damage resulting from disorder and (3) to create the conditions which~ will make it possible for civilian agencies to function effectively.

General

by quicl

conditions

The preparation of Civil Affairs Handbooks is a part of the effort to carry out these responsibilities as efficiently and humanely as possible. The Handbooks do not deal with plans or policies (which will depend upon It should be clearly understood changing and unpredictable developments). given official proga of action. They are that they do not imply a
needed for planning and policy

rather ready reference source boolcs containing the basic factual information

making,

This study on Industry and Commerce in Belgium was prepared for the Military Government Division of the Office of the Provost Marshal General by the BUREAU OF FOREIGN
AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE OF THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.

Ofl'ICEES USING THIS NATd2IAL AB3 BEQUESTED TO

MAU

SUGGESTIONS INDICATING

THE~ REVISIONS

OR ADDITIONS

VBIIOE WOULD M.A

BE

THIS MATERIAL MORE USEP 3L

VOR

THMEIR PUIH'O S,

MS83

CEITIOISMS SHOULD

SNB' TO T1HE CHIEF OY THE LIAISON

AND STUDIES BRANCH, MILITARY GO BUILDING, WASHINGTON (p5) D. C.

T DIVISION, PMQO 2807 MUNITIONS

BELGIUM

---

INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE

Table of Contents

Page
I. II.
III.

Introduction Census of Industry and Commerce

Metallurgy Iron and Steel Metals

1 4
8 8 12 14 14 15 15 15 16

Non-Ferrous Zinc Lead Antimony Nickel

Other Metals, IV. Textiles Cotton Wool Linen Lace Silk and Synthetic Fibers Tapestry and Garpets Jute Hemp Brushes

16 19 19 20 21 22 22 22 22

vii -

Page V. Chemicals Fertilizers Carbonate of Soda Dyes and Dyestuffs Photographic Chemicals Medicinal and Pharmaceutical 24 27 28 28 28

Indus try
Explosives Matches Paint and Varnish

29
29 30 30

Soaps

and

Fats

30
30

Glue and Gelatine

VI.
VII.

Diamond Cutting Industry

Machinery, Vehicles, Mechanical Products

32

34 35 36 36 36 37 37

Engines and Diesel Motors Machine Tools Pipes and Tubes Electrical Radios Arms Surgical and Scientific Instruments Equipment

37 38 38 38 39 40
**no=

Automobiles Motorcycles Bicycles Aircraft Ship building

-ix

Pale

VIII.

Foodstuffs, Beverages Beverages Tobacco

and Tobacco

41 42 42

IX.

Quarries and the Cement Cement

Industry

43 43

X.

Glass,

Pottery

and Ceramics

45 45

Window Glass Bottles Table Pottery Ceramics Refractories CI. Hides, Skins and Leather Felt Hats and Phials

45 46 46 46 47 47 48

Glassware and Porcelain

Leather Belting
Shoes XII. Rubber Synthetic Rubber XIII. Lumber and Wood Products Paper and Paper Manufactures XIV. Books, Music and the Playing Cards Printing Arts

48
48 49 49 50 50 51 52

FOREIGN COMMERCE

I.

Trade Statistics

53

Page

Trade with Germany Trade with Great Britain Trade with France II. III. Commercial Policy Domestic Commerce and Trade

61 62 62 63

Promotion
Installment Selling Government Agencies for Trade Promotion

65
66 66

APPENDIX List of some Principal Firms in various Belgian Industries Silk Manufacturers Rayon and Cellulose Wool Manufacturers Motorcycles Side-Cars Leather Shoes Jute Yarn Jute Fabrics Carpets and Tapestries Artificial Wool Wool and Wool Waste Wool Linings, Cushions and Mattresses Wool Top Makers

68 68 68 69 69 69 71 72 73 75 75 76 77

xi

Woolen Fabrics Velvet Cotton and Yarn Thread

Cotton Fabrics

78 80 81
82

Cotton Duck
Drapery Linen Cloth and Linen Goods Electrical Equipment Motor Vehicles Ship building Precision Instruments and Parts

83
86 89 91 93 94 95 95,

Machine Tools

Industrial

Chemicals

97,
. 102

Glues and Gelatines

Pharcaceuticals Products. Fertilizers Leather Transmiss ion Belting Furriers Smoking Tobacco Cigars and Dietetic

103 104 105 106 106 107

Cigarettes Glass Bricks Tile Pottery Porcelain

109 109 110 112 112 113

xii

Cables Dynamos Transformers Marble Furniture Producers Manufacturers

114 114 114 114 115 116 116

Paper and Cardboard Conduits

Tables

Belgian Census of Industry Commerce

and 5

Census of Industry and Commerce

Production of Iron and Steel

6
10

Production of Seri-.Manufactured Steel Goods Production and Processing

Petals

12

of Non-Ferrous 13 18 of Chemical

Belgian Cot Lon Industry Geographical Distribution

-

Industry Wage
Number

Earners

26
27 54

of Chemical Factories

Foreign Trade in Merchandise Belgian - Luxemburg Groups Belgian - Luxemburg Commodities Trade by Principal

55 Imports of Principal 56

Belgian -

Luxemburg Exports of Principal

58

Commodities

-_0

;::li~~i~ 7.,..,:

x~iii

Belgian

- Luxemburg Trade with Principal Countries

60

MAPZ

Industrial Areas of~ Belgium

118

BELGIUM ---

INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE

1.

Introduction,

The industrial structure of Belgium,

making
in

it one of the most highly indtustrialized countries the world, was determined by its natural resources,

geographical position, and the adaptive ability of its nationals to industry.

The economy of the country prior to the German invasion was approximately 65 percent industrial and 35

percent agricultural,
of manufacture

Practically every type and form

activity were found in the

and producing

country,

especially

the so-called heavy

industries, with

the largest number of workers engaged in the metal,teztile, mining, transportation, and construction industries, Manufacturing had its beginning in during the Middle Ages when the Flemings that locale foreAt

became the

most weavers,

artisans, and craftsmen of that epoch. that

the turn of the nineteenth century Belgium, provinces and principalities

is the

which now comprise the present

countries on the Continent The richness

State, was one of the first

to be affected by the industrial revolution. of its coal deposits, that prime source

of mechanical

energy,

contributed in no small measure to the country's highi decree

of industrialization.

With the exception of coal, the country is relatively poor in minerals. Other mineral wealth is con-

fined to beds of porphyry, sandstone, limestone, marl, glass, sand, clay, plastic earth, and slate. The inconsider-

able iron and zinc, which were worked in the early days by the metallurgical industry, became practically exhausted early in the twentieth century. Yet with the ability to

import iron ore from nearby Luxemburg and Lorraine in France, Belgium continued to maintain its importance in iron and steel production and allied industries. At the resumption of activities and reconstruction of practically every industry after World War I, Belgium found itself even poorer in mineral wealth. Its once

workable ore deposits were virtually exhausted, but about this time the richness of its colony in Africa began to unfold, with the result that Belgium was able to establish new projects for the processing and refining of ore from the newly discovered mines of the Belgian Congo. became known as the port of the Congo. of copper ore, Antwerp

Thousands of tons

lead ore, and tin ore began to pour into

Belgium as well as smaller quantities of the rarer metals such as cadmium, tantalum, and radium. diamonds in The discovery of

the Congo enhanced the position of Antwerp

as the center of the diamond cutting and polishing industry of the world by providing raw material from a national source. Yet with the wealth of the Congo at hand, it that Belgia remained true

industry as a whole was largely dependent upon

r4

-3-

foreign countries for the greater part of its raw materials.

indispensable

As a large producer of coal, but with other mineral deposits becoming gradually depleted, Belgian industry, in order to maintain its position, gradually became, to an increasing extent, a transforming industry. As already

cited, the mineral wealth of the Congo aided these circumstances, but in order to foster and uphold this position, the Government maintained a customs regime as liberal as possible in the face of increasing protectionism in other European countries, The center of industrial activity was the Province of Liege, which comprised the heart of the metallurgical industry. There coal deposits were found practically But the

underneath the iron and steel plants in operation.

Flemish provinces were noted for textiles, and Hainaut for glass, and with perhaps the lone exception of the Province of Limburg, every province had its share in the industry of the country. The geographical situation also influenced most powerfully the course of the country's economic destiny, Situated at the cross roads of European commercial routes, with excellent communication and transportation facilities, Belgian manufacturers were in a position to sell on the international market, while other countries could approach Belgian agents without difficulty. foremost ports of the Continent. Ant p was one of the

- 4 It is essential to
msp paisxe,

furthermore, that

cheap labor, with its remarkable adaptive ability, was the basis on which Belgiuiu was able to compete with the better equipped and more richly endowed neighboring producing countries , II. Census of Indust and Commerce.

The industrial census showed an increase in those employed in industry and commerce from 2,232,924 in 1910 to 2,502,695 in 1930, or a gain of more than 10 percent, The following table shows the principal commercial and industrial groups, the number employed, and the percent

of each in the two census years:

-5-

BJEIA

CENSUS 0F INUSTRY AND CGO : RCE 1

191

P22Q
Number
Percent Employed Percent

Number Employed

Metallurgy

227,826

12.32

356,346
256,705 209,988 185,613 170,483 146,399

18.40 13.25 10.83 9.58

8*80

Textiles
Construction Transportation

262,746 163,810
154,180

15.36 9.58

9.02 9.08

Mines

155,235

Wood & Furniture

Clothing Foodstuffs Others

141,961
204,179 105,798

8.30
11.94 6.19

7.55
7.30
5073

141,507
111,162

Total

1,710,161

100.00

1,938,118

100.00

Commerce: Foodstuffs 157,206

30.08 36.13 9.47 1,78

186,871 106,855 56,570

33.10 18.93
10.02

Hostelry (industrial)188,821

Textiles & Clothing

Banking & Credit Msetallurgy Agricultural products, unpre-

49,523
9,301 12,793

34,459
26,534

6.10 4.70

2.45

pared.

18,182

3.48
16.61
100.00

20',017

3.55
10.60
100.00

Others
Total

86.937
522,763

1330 271. 564,577

The following table gives a more detailed study of the industrially employed at the time of the

1930 census, the latest prior to the German invasion of 1940.

Census of Industry and Commerce December 31. 1930

sJEmployees

laborers Intermittently Unemployed : Total : Completely Unemployed Intermittently Unemployed

:Total

Completely Unemployed

Industry:

52
Quies .........*....: Metallurgy ........... Ceramic ....... Glass ........ Chemical.......... Foodstuffs....."
Textiles
........

6
69 37 726 12 22

9,393 2,545 37,872 2,721

* 1,646 .160,964

158
1,633 2,127

53
1,742 6,462 49,241 6,280 4,963

635
40 89 132 82

35,494
*292,200

2,830
14,977

68 73
258 207

* 36,691
* 69,914

Clothing .......... Construction Wood & Furniture. 0 . Rides and skins

11,283 .14,441 5,032 5,658

3,587 3,401 1,461 2,034 3,001 4,450 60,112 159,553 25,297 184,850

:26,9U1 * 53,345
;225,650
* 78,982

22,353 5,564
2,781 2,851 3,761 16,711

5,659
3,664 70,561 9,650 18,088 14,013 10,9564 1,183 2,259 682 6,343 14,709 165,592 60,524 226,116

263
150 294 108 73 37 20 59 179 508 2.663

436
96

8,712
34,360 14,115 3,808 629 619 875 15,435 6,978 122,487 20,983 143,470

74
101 74 11 22

159,597
* 41,489

Tobncco ..........

Paper

* 13,379
16,010 * 20,227 * 37,234

s~~"e..s
..... ........

Books.....

22
89 581 2,161 357

Art and precision .. Transportation........ Males....... Females...... Total...........

*109,658
:1, 21,896 *268,857 :1,480,753

472 3,135

2,518

24-6461 OABCD

24

-6 4 61OABCD Census of Industry and Cor aerce

contd.

Employees Total Completely Unemployed Intermittently Unemployed : Total

Laborers Completely Unemployed Intermittently Unemployed

Commerce :

Mines

and

quarries .........

Metallurgy............... Ceramic and glass.... Chemicals .................

Farm

1,749

9,050 1,537
5,472 2,222
14,214

31
250 29 132 60 284

15 75 11

.3,273

products

36
26 110 157 39 18 9 8 11 39 49 117 27 85 112

*.......~

Foodstuffs................ Tajtile and clothing....... funiur and cnstruiction*.......... Hi 's and skins.........

3,799 1,643 3,495 2,677 19,443

03,493

178 197 114 126 99 783

264 170 96 117 106

558
149

13,617

337
76 52 24 22

139
191 19 16 15 18 39 97 20

Tob

coos................

2,733 1,837
795 1,091 1,201 2,492 7,619

"3,073 : 517
"

225
18 9 17 9

250

Pa- r .................... P 5graphy............... Arf and precision........ Saf esmanship ............ Banking ..................

432
715 603 "1,941 1,205 :210

36
98 279 256121 310

34
25 10 4 116 707 52 2,162 524 2,686 15 228,817

Insurance

29,235
9,041 8,845

.........

"

Intermediate..,...,......... commerce ................

5
80 1,360
109

Hotel......~o.......""
Public service ....... ".... Colonial enterprises.,...,., Males ......... Females . .... Trotal ........... Unclassified..... Grand total......... Reference:

3,208
1,089 1,939

333
124 61 2,346 969

80,363
38,623 118,986 1,059 304,895

43 5 756 236
992 9 3,519

3,315
632 7,082

*1,577 14,131 "1,244 " 97 52,444 11,374 63,818 806 11545,377

11~ 3,075 541 3,616 406 147,492

Annuaire Statistique de La Belgique et du Congo Beige, 1939, p. 193.

-8-

III.

Metallurgy The industrial census of 1930 showed that 18.4

percent of the total number employed in Belgium was engaged in the production and commerce of iron, steel, and the nonferrous metals. Of the various branches, iron and steel

comprised by far the greater portion. Iron and Steel. The working of the iron-ore deposits in what is now the Province of Liege dated from the beginning of the Christian Era, and showed a progress of development from hundreds of ancient forges to the latest development of the blast furnace. The town of Liege for

several centuries continued to be the center of the industry, but in more recent times it shared honors with Charlerol. Through many years of exploitation the iron-ore deposits became exhausted. Belgium continued, nevertheless,

to remain one of the principal steel-producing countries of the world by the importation of ore from nearby sources, In this respect the economy of Belgium was uniquely linked with that of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg. Belgium had

an abundance of coal, but practically no available iron ore, whereas Luxemburg, while having plenty of ore, had no coal. This brought about a considerable interchange of raw materials within the economic union of the two countries which existed from May 1, 1922, to the second German invasion of May 1940.

'

'-

Unlike other continental European steel-producing countries War I in which built up huge steel industries during World order to provide armaments, the Belgian industry

came to a virtual standstill.

The year 1917 saw the

systematic and thorough destruction of all the iron and steel works except one or two which were taken over by the Germans and which thereafter produced a small quantity of iron and steel. The early post-World War I years offerred

a chance to install efficient and modern equipment without discarding old equipment at great expense and inconvenience. The industry took full advantage of this opportunity and in 1924 the iron and steel production passed the pre-World War I high. In 1929, when the industry reached an all-time operation

peak, there were 58 Belgian blast furnaces in

at the end of that year, with a pig-iron production of 4,040,530 metric tons, a raw-steel production of 4,011,180 tons, and a finished-steel output of 3,12,530 tons. The following table shows production in the

peak year prior to the economic depression, and the pertinent years preceding the second German invasion.

~~LO,

Productn

of Iron and Steel (Metric Tons) 1929 1933

2,710,430 33,120 2,405,55G 2,114,930

1913
Pig iron 2,484,690 304,350 Wrought iron Raw steel 2,466,650 Finished 1,857,860 steel

1937
3,803,750 45,420

19381/
2,264,800 2/ 2,212,40 1,734,790

1939 1/
3,068,200

4,040,530 153,460 4,011,180 3,121,530

3,777,270
2,889,970

3,036,160
2,202,420

.1/
/

Preliminary
Not available

There were Belgium. iron mines and even in coking plants, shops for the Several of

14 major iron and steel producers them owned or controlled coal and

in

in Lorraine, Spain. forges,

Luxemburg, the Saar Basin, them operated rolling blast mills furnaces, and machine steel

Most of

foundries,

production

and construction

of finished

products. In addition

At least one maintained ship yards at Hoboken. to the 14 producers, a number of other firms of

various capacities had steel works, rolling mills and foundries, The industry was highly organized, with Belgium

and Luxemburg both charter members of the Continental Steel Entente established in 1926, The following are 1. the major producers: Angleur et d' Athus-

Societe Anonyme des Acieries d'

Grivegnee, at
2,

Tilleur,
et Moselle,

Societe Anonyme Metallurgique de Sambre at Montigny-sur-Sambre. Societe Anonyme d' Ougree Marihaye,

3.

at ougree.

11

4. 5.

Societe Anonyyme John Cockerill, at Seraing. Societe Anonyme des Laminoirs, Haut Fourneaux, Forges, Fonderies et Usines de la Providence, at Marchienne-an-Pont. Societe Anonyme des Hauts Fourneaux Forges et Acieries de Thy-'le-Chateau-et Marcinelle, at Marc inelle. Societe Anonyme Usines Metallurgiques du Hainaut, at Couillet. Societe Anonyme Metalluggique d' Esperance-Longdoz, at Liege. Societe Anonyme des Forges de Clabecq, at Clabecq. Societe Anonyme Miniere et Metallurgique Alliance Monceau, at Monceau-sur-Sambre. Usines Gustave Boel (Acieries de la Lowviere), at La Lowviere. Societe Anonyme des Hauts Fourneaux, Fonderies et Mines de Musson, at Musson. Societe Anonyme des Hauts Fourneaux et Mines de Halanzy, at Halanzy. Societe Anonyme des Usines de Moncheret, at AcA~z. As already indicated, Belgium was a large producer

6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

of semi-manufactured iron and steel goods.

Production of semi-

manufactured steel products in 1913 amounted to 1,857,860 metric tons, and reached a peak in 1929 of 3,121,530 tons. After a decline during the economic depression, production began to increase in 1934 until 2,889,970 metric tons were reached in 1937, the last available year for statistics

before the German invasion of 1940. The following table shows production for certain years broken down into several main groups:

12

Production of Semi-manufactured
-------

Steel
---

II.

Goods

~--~---

(Metric I Tons) -

1929 Rolled steel Tubes Rails and crossbars Bands, axles, and pins Girders Rods, sheets, and plates Sheet iron, medium and large pieces Sheet iron, fine small pieces Hammered steel or 212,820 1,210

1934
471,640 302,650 113,490

1936 519,170 370,210 97,810

1937 636,420 350,000 188,570

870,720
415,500 247, 247,810

30,820 200,850

13,730 155,470

10,860 151,880

19,410

207,240
653,610

388,220

545,460

532,160

686,340

367,240

465,200

544,140

223,980 420 14,450 2,208,530 1,431,301

307,760
1,090 13,410 2,469,550 2,135,384

256,170 2,190 31,320 2,889,970 3,438,450

Rail accessories
Toal1

47,240
3,121,530 3,373,409

Value (1000 fr.)

Non-Ferrous Metals. The position in the non-ferrous metal field

of Belgium It

was again unique.

produced negligible quantities of ores,

but nevertheless

was an exporter of practically every important metal (except

aluminum), either in the form of pig or after it had underThe vast resources

gone further refining or fabrication.

of the Belgian Congo made this situation possible and the colony was steadily increasing as a source of supply. country's the raising potentialities of high were not tariff iS fostered artificially The by

by imposing drastic

13

quota restrictions on impot,

but owed its relative prominence rather and to the fact that operating

to the development of its African col

costs were realative3

The
certain

lower than in certain other industrial countries.

following table abows pertinent production figures for

metals:

non-ferrous
es sino

.lion

certain Non-ferro
204,220 51,490 53,590 254 1,285

Metals (Metric Tons)

195,320

Crude Zinc Rolled Zinc

197,1900

174,00

217,750

68,960
82,850
111 68,220

79,670 66,650 254

90,51

63,550 65,130
270 79,150

71,890
84,770
406 129,500

Lead

(commercial)

Silver Refined copper

~241 ~s191.6~

14 -

Zinc. Belgium, its In

Zinc smelting has a long history in

the twelfth century Dinant was famous for At one time zinc was used to alloy the After the exhaustion

brass work.

copper from the old mines in Limburg, of domestic resources, sources of zinc ore.

the industry had to turn to foreign In 1937, for example, 618,656 metric

tons of zinc ore were imported from such widely dispersed sources as Mexico, India, Sweden, Canada, Yugoslavia, and Australia. In 1937 Belgium turned out 217,750 metric tons

of smelted zinc or 13.6 percent of the worlds production and was the second largest zinc-producing country in world. Since World War I Belgian engineers made many
/

the

improvements, with an appreciable increase in production and a marked decline in residues. For example, the volume and residues were

of lead ash waa reduced considerably,

treated only for the recovery of coal or ferruginous material. In 1937 the production of fine zinc amounted to

13,000 metric tons. Lead. The lead industry dated at least from the sixteenth century. II In the period prior to Weold War the demand

the ore came almost entirely from abroad,

in modern industry having rapidly outstripped the capacity of the country's own resource

j"

mine at Vedrin near

Namur which had been abandoned because of its liability to flooding, however, was reopened in the thirties, but most of the ore smelted came from a large number of foreign

-I

4'

eq

- 15

countries and from the Belgian Congo. In 1937 Belgium produced 84,770 metric tons of commercial lead, of which 8,540 tons represented workable lead. The desilvering of home-produced metal and of workable lead -from abroad was carried on in at Hoboken, Belgium, notably

and this accounted for the country's large annual

output of silver which amounted to over 400 metric tons. Antimon

*

Antimony was produced by the Usine

de Beerase near Antwerp at the rate of about 230 metric tons of regalus and 120 tons of commercial oxide a month,

Lead was also recovered at those works as a by-productNickel, works in Tffel, There was only one nickel-refining the Usine de la Nethe, at

the country, namely,

There matte from New Caledonia with a nickel Some of the nickel

content of 75 percent was treated0

obtained Was remelted and rolled at Grivegnee,

Obther metals,

Through the mineral deposits of

the Congo, Belgium became a considerable factor tin trade,

in

the

the main producer of cobalt and radium, one of

the foremost sources for cadnium, a refiner of large

quantities of copper, manganese, silver, gold, platinum, and palladium, and one of the few sources for tantalum, uranium, thallium, and niobium,

16 -

IV.

Textiles. After metallurgy, the textile and clothing

industries constituted one of the most important branches of the economic activities of the country. in They employed

1930 nearly the same number of workers as the metal-

lurgical industries or 18.3 percent of the total employed. It was essentially an export industry. In normal

times it was estimated that the cotton mills exported 60 percent of their annual production, linen mills 70 percent, clothing 38

spinning mills of carded wool 60 percent, percent, and tapestry 82 percent. In

1939 the last avail-

able year for statistics

prior to the second German invasion

finished and semi-finished textiles comprised 9.1 percent of the total value of exports. Cotton. in Cotton spinning was early established

Belgium and prior to May 1940 was the foremost branch The United States for a number

of the textile industry.

of years was the traditional supplier of raw cotton to the local market, in but recently with intensified cultivation

the Congo and increased competition from British India, the participation of the

Brazil, and other countries, United States declined.

The cotton spinning and weaving mills, which were centered principally in Ghent, the Flemish provinces around In 1939 there were

employed about 50,000 workers.

53 spinning mills,

equipped with 1,984,000 ordinary spindles uif: nd employment for

M. I'

and 360,000 doubling spindle

17

20,000 workers.

The pre-World War I figure of 1,492,000

spindles was brought up to 2,172,000 by 1930, and according to the latest records before the occupation by the Germans, there were 2,542,000 spindles which produced 65,970,000 kilos of yarn in 1958 as against 82,100,000 in 1937. of all About 40,000 looms were engaged in cotton weaving kins of cotton cloth, employing about 30,000 workers. The following table gives a statistical study of

the Belgian cotton industry in 1929 and the years preceding the second German occupations

t,

18

THE BELGIAN COTTON

INDUSTRY

- 1938

~222
-Net importations of raw cotton and cotton waste Production of spinning mills Importations of yarns Total available yarn Exportations of yarns Yarns offered to weaving mills (stocks included)

IL31
etri

i922
cT

1936
oe ---

12~2

1918

--

]L00,596 68,800

63,620 43,396 2,534 45,930

9,461 ~

80,920 61,250

88,218 66,300 ~

97,061

84,507

72,500
~

57,389
2,744 60,133 12,818

5,821
74,621

2,886 64,136 8,914 55,222

49,700 1,675

3,134 69,434 10,571 58,863 52,977

1,609

3,895 76,395 13,703 62,692 56,423

1,522

7,645 66,976

36,469
32,822 1,750

47,315

Cotton cloth manufactured 60,278 in Belgium Importations of cotton cloth 4,468 Total Exportations of cotton cloth

42,583
1,143

64,746 44,333

31,072 21,719

51,375 26,900

54,586 33,696

57,945 34,858

43,726 26,985

Consumption by Belgium of cotton cloth (stocks included) 20,413

9,353

24,475

20,890

23,087

16,741

S19 -

iool.

The processing of wool and manufacture of wollen goods played

an important part in the textile industry prior to the capitulation in 1940. During the Middle Ages it flourished in Flanders, when the Flemish drapers During modern times Verviers and

and weavers acquired great universal fame.

the neighboring towns of Dison and Pepinster in the Walloon Province of Liege were the center for practically all the scouring and carbonizing plants and this district with its 30 factories, taking water from the Gileppe weirs, was one of the world's principal locales for the preliminary treatment of raw wool. The production for a normal year was valued around X45,000,000 and The raw wool for the most part was obtained from

was largely for export. oversea countries,

such as Argentina, Australia, and the Union of South Africa.

The other branches of the industry - combing, carding, and weaving - were carried on in Flanders, Brabant, and Hainaut. In 1939 there were about 550,000

in the combing plants and 376,000 in the spinning mills, making a total of 926,000 looms, or 3.24 percent of the worlds total. It was said that the woolen industry was equipped to produce 45,000 metric tons of washed and carbonized wool, 16,000 tons of carded wool, 31,000 tons of thread, and 22,000 tons of woolen cloth. Linen. The linen industry, while not the most important branch of the Flax had

Belgian textile industry, was certainly the most characteristic.

been grown and prepared in the country since the remotest of times, but it was only in the 11th and 13th centuries that the industry was developed seriously. The soil lends itself exceptionally well to cultivation, and in addition the

river Lys possessed peculiar properties favorable to retting. Hand labor was used exclusively in flax culture, and small farms were the rule. By far the greater portion of the seed used was imported from the Baltic

countries, it being claimed that seed from Belgian plants degenerated after the
<0 C.*^lH~^^t~SS

20 -

second year.

Most of the Belgian seed, therefore, was used commercially

for the production of oil and for foodstuffs. Three principal varieties were grown in Belgium. The most valuable

was the "Courtrai" produced in the vicinity of that city in West Flanders on the banks of the Lys. It was unapproached in excellence on account of

its fineness, strength, color, and silk-like thread and was largely for export to Northern Ireland for the manufacture of fine Irish linen. blue or silver-gray flax was grown in the vicinity of Lokeren in East Flanders and although it flax. was soft, it was not so desirable as Courtrai It The

A third variety known as Walloon was grown in eastern Belgium.

was retted by dew and was coarser than either of the other varieties and was suitable only for cordage and twine. In 1914 there were 27 flax-spinning mills with 330,000 spindles, employing 14,000 to 15,000 workers. mills, numbering 250,000 spindles, use all over the world. By 1938 the number had declined to 13 or 8 percent of the 3,000,000 spindles in

By reason of competition from cotton and artificial

silk, world production of raw linen declined considerably in recent years, with the trend being particularly marked in Belgium. Some 20 factories produced entirely for export. All varieties of linen

cloth and goods were produced by more than 100 establishments, with the greater portion finding its Lace. way to foreign markets.

Bruges in Flanders had been famous in early times as the world's During the 15th century its only rival was

center of the lace industry. Venice. the first

In 1914 Belgium counted approximately 60,000 lace makers, but after World War the number of lace makers was reduced in an alarming proand was

portion by the economic crisis, protectionism in the principal markets, the edicts of fashion. In the thirties prior to the German occupation it

4N

21

the industry of poor,

old women incapable of engaging in

any other kind of

handicraft or of a certain number of women as a source of extra income between household tasks and work in the fields. home. The lace maker worked at

Usually the day of a lace maker was 12 hours, but many worked 13 Ninety-five percent of production

or 14, interrupted only by a hasty meal. was exported. Silk and Synthetic Fibers.

Although some natural silk weaving mills

operated in Belgium, their position in the textile industry was relatively minor by reason of the modern development of rayon. About 1935 there were

about 1,000 looms, representing a capital investment of 100,000,000 francs. The industry was centered in the three cities of Deynze, Ghent, and Brussels. Production was estimated at 80,000 kilos annually. The country was one of the foremost in experimenting with synthetic

fiber, and at the beginning of the century production in Belgium was already on a commercial scale. After World War I operations were renewed with ininventions, and the financing On the eve of the economic Low production

creased vigor through demand, new processes,

of the industry by large banking institutions.

depression, Belgium ranked seventh among world producers.

costs placed the country in a very enviable position with its foreign competitors.

Before the last German invasion some 12 factories employed 12,000 workers and had an annual capacity of 15,000 metric tons. In 1939 output of synthetic

fiber, including lanital, consisted of 5,900 metric tons of rayon and 1,000
tons of cellulose wool. Production not only satisfied to a large extent local

demand, but an increasing large quantity of rayon, or about 66 percent of the total production, was exported.
!* <b

22

Taoestry sad Carpets.

The art of tapestry weaving and carpet making

dated from the beginning of the thirteenth century influenced or introduced by the returning crusaders with the handiwork of the Orient. of Brussels and the carpets of Tournai became world famous. The tapestries The modern

industry was centered in Ghent, Courtrai, Malines, Hamme, Brussels, and

environs.

Jutee

In

1939 Belgium had 25

jute-spinning mills, four of which also

All kinds

did weaving, with a total of some 72,000 spindles and 3,000 looms. of yarn were manufactured,

from the fine thread for mixed cloths and carpets The annual capacity of the weaving mills

to the rough yarn for rope making.

was about 32,000 metric tons, not including mixed or special cloth, and like the other branches of the textile a normal rate of activity. Tamise, industry, depended on exports to maintain

The chief manufacturing centers were Lokeren,

Bornhem, Ghent, and Roulers. The Belgian hemp crop, most of which came from Flanders, was The hemp was dark gray in color, and was less susceptiSpecial use was

Ham.

comparatively small.

ble than most varieties to the effects of steam and water. made of it in the manufacture of cables.

Belgium had 40 hemp-spinning mills The

in 1939, which supplied mostly the domestic rope and hawser industry.

leading centers were Hammie-lez-Termonde, Termonde, Lokeren, Alost, Ghent, and Zele.

Brushes.
and it is is difficult

The Belgian brush industry was at first an artisan's trade, to state when it first made its appearance, though it

known that some firms were in existence that have been

owned

by the same

family for over a century.

In 1938 some 30 brush factories, mostly manuoperation mostly in Abp and around the

facturing the household variety, were in small town of Iseghem in Whest Flanders.

70 small plants in various

- 23 -

parts of the country, but mainly situated near Brussels, manufactured paint brushes. The total industry employed

about 5,000 workers, of whom 2,500 were employed by the Iseghemplants which turned out about 85 percent of the total production.

24 -

V.

Chemicals. Chemicals held third place in Belgain industrial

economy.

The 1937 census for this industry gave the number

of chemical plants as 3,069, of which 51 were idle at the time. Early development was concentrated primarily on

heavy chemicals in connection with metallurgy and coal mining, but production was later extended until, by May 1940, practically all types were produced, inasmuch as almost every Belgian industry was dependent upon chemicals in one degree or another. The ramifications of the industry

in Belgian economic life are illustrated by a statement in a report of the Ministry of Economic Affairs early in 1940 that the total number of plants in the chemical industry and the industries (such as paper, leather, rubber, foodstuffs, glass, and earthenware) related to it by extensive use of chemical processes or products was 45,700. This figure may include small plants not covered by industrial census data. The country was largely dependent upon imports of the basic raw materials, except for coal and a few crudes used in the cement, refractory, and glass works, A recent development after World War I was the greater utilization of the minerals and other raw materials of the Belgain Congo, such as copper, radium, cobalt, and uranium.

,0 CQ

- 25 Owing to the fact that the chemical industry first developed for the metallurgical and coal-mining

industries, it became located in the Provinces of Hainaut and Liege. Thence, it gradually expanded along

the inland waterways in search of easy and cheap transportation. Shipping facilities attracted a number of

plants in the proximity of Antwerp, Ghent, and Zeebrugge. Other manufacturers gave preference to the Flemish provinces because of the fact that their wage-earning population was hard working and in some respects more conservative than that of the highly industrialized areas of Liege and Charleroi. Belgian industrialists, chemical manufacturers, most particularly

were reluctant to disclose inform-

ation regarding the output of their factories or new products. Such information was generally considered a

trade secret, the disclosure of which would endanger the industry. The following table shows the geographical distribution of the wage-earning population of the chemical indus try:

s26

iueoraphical Distribution of the Wage-Earning Population of the Chemical Industry

1930 Census Total Provinces W. Flanders E. Flanders Antwerp Brabant Luxemburg Limburg Namur
Employe d

1937 Census

1/ Total Percntage Emlg 3,78 5.09 8.34 3,569 8,930 12,532 20,145 433 3,094 2,129 7,824 10,247

Percentage 1

3,070 8,203 13,055 23,684 564 1,379 1,862

3,88
5,86 7,47 8.57 5,18 8,36 5.82 3,39 5,82

10,27
7.13 3.86 4.93 5.52 7.54

Hainaut
Liege 1/

15,024
15,024

of the total

wage-earning

population in each province,

The 1937 census gives the number of chemical factories existing in each province at that time, as follows:

M 27

Number of Chemical Factories in 1937

11
Percentage

Province
E. Flanders Brabant Antwerp Hainaut Lige W. Flanders Namur Limburg

In activity

.Idle

Total

per province
17.57 3.38 1.57 2.03 1.87 1.30 1.99 1.69 1.51

Luaemburg
J

1,692 602 186 158 159 121 51 31 18

3, 019

1? 11 6 7 6 1 3

1,709 613 192 165 165 122 54 31 18

3,0 ~

51

According to the method adopted for the census any part

mFi

industry manufacturing a finished product is

factory.

considered as a

Chemical fertilizers.

The manufacture of chemical fertilizers

con-

stituted an important branch of the industrial activities of the country and figured, in point of view of value and tonnage, at the head of the This was partly due to the fact that Belgian

Belgian chemical industry.

agricultural lands, perhaps more than other parts of Europe, required large applications of fertilizers, owing to the poorer quality of its soil

and to the many years of intensive cultivation. The chemical treatment of coal and other minerals naturally favored

the development of certain artificial .fertilizers, especially ammonium

sulphate. Likewise, sulphuric acid, a production essential to the manu-

facture of many fertilizers, was produced in Belgium cheaply and in large quantities. Prior to the German invasion, Belgium was the leading world producer of basic slag, having an estimated production of 900,00 metric tons in 1939. Consumption varied between 225,000 and 250,000 metric tons, with

the remainder finding its way to foreign markets.

- 28

The capacity of the superphosphate plants was about 500,000 metric tons, but production was usually around 325,000 tons, and consumption 120,000 tons. The raw material came chiefly from the Soviet Union, North Tunisia, and Egypt) and the United States. The greatest con-

Africa (Morocco,

Carbonate of Soda and other Industrial Chemicals.

tribution of Belgium to the chemical industry of the world was undoubtedly the development of the ammnia process of making carbonate of soda by the so-called Solvay process, first employed in 1866. In one year it was stated

by Belgian sources that out of a world production of 5,580,000 tons of carbonate of soda, 5,350,000 tons were obtained by the Solvay process. Twenty-five plants produced sulphuric acid before the war, with a

capacity of 1,000,000 metric tons annually.

Other important industrial

Coal

chemicals were hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and the alkalis.

distillation was represented by some 3,100 ovens and gave employment to over 6,000 workers. Dyes and Dyestuffs. Belgium was weak in the production of dyostuffs

and was unable to compete successfully with the European cartel, but. the decision of a powerful Belgian concern a few years prior to World

War

II It

to enter the field of synthetic dyes was watched by all competitors. was believed, however, that it would have taken some years before the Belgian group would be in a position to produce an important range of

intermediates and finished dyes comparable to such products as those of the German I.G. or the

American

plants.

The plant was erected by the S.A.

Carbochimique, at Tertre, and was nearing completion at the time of the German invasion. Photorap hic Chemicals.* highly developed. The photographic chemical industry was

The leading cncern, S.A. Gevaert, operated plants in

"I-""V

- 29 -

France, Spain, Germany,

and at the beginning of the war was constructing The Belgian industry had become practically

one in the United States.

independent of foreign countries for its supplies of raw materials. Medicinal and pharmaceutical industry. In the medicinal and pharma-

ceutical industry, domestic manufacturers had benefited by products originating in the Congo, such as extracts of cinchona bark, poppies, geranium, and the like. Production covered a wide variety of products and included

gland extracts, drugs for treatment of sleeping sickness, yaws, syphilis, and other products of special importance in chemo-therapy. Explosives. During the past few decades the manufacture of explosives

and mining accessories had been developed so extensively by a larger number of producers that it reached a degree surpassing by far the local demand. As a result, Belgium became an important exporter. Two principal groups controlled the greater portion of the industry the Poudrerie Royale de Wetteren Cooppal and the Poudreries Reunies de Belgique. The former was centered in two plants of great significance The latter, as the name

specializing in the manufacture of black powder.

indicated, was a company grouping many smaller factories and specializing not only in black powder but also in the manufacture of TNT. these larger units there were numerous small factories. The principal centers were Wetteren and Caulille, where the two factories of the W.tteren-Coopal organization were concentrated, Matagne, Baelen, Herenthale, and at Aside from

and Clermont, where the principal factories

of the Poudreries Reunies were located. In 1939 a plant developed the manufacture of three explosives for military purposes which previously had to be imported principally from

- 30 .

Czechoslovakia.

Practically all the necessary raw materials were available

at home, with the exception of cotton linters for the manufacture of smokeless powder. Matches. The manufacture of matches dated from 1835 and was chiefly In 1937 the industry employed 5,000 workers and had

an export industry.

an annual production of 1,500,000,000 boxes. Paint and varnish. able importance, The paint and varnish industry attained considera study

and although no production figures are available,

of Belgian export statistics demonstrated that paints and varnishes were a more important factor on the world markets than would have been expected in consideration of the size of the country.

Pine trees, such as those found in the United States and France, for the manufacture of rosin and turpentine did not grow in Belgium. Practically

all the requirements of the Belgian market in naval stores were therefore covered by imports. Soaps and fats. The contribution of the Congo to soaps and fats was The soap industry

important, notably palm oil, cotton-seed, and copal gum. was, however, not an exporting one.

Domestic production of toilet soap in

1939 was estimated at 40,000 metric tons or about the same as 1938. Glue and gelatine. The glue and gelatine industry, since its origin, It was not until after World War I

was primarily oriented toward exports.

that Belgium, mostly through the influence of foreign capital became an important manufacturer. Before World War I German capital controlled the

Satos glue factory and took advantage of its position near the Belgian ports to develop primarily its export market. The prosperity of the industry in

the period preceding World War II

was due to the preponderant interest and

association with Kuhlmann and Coignet of France.

~J

31

The first by Duche a little

important gelatin.

factories

were

inaugurated

in

Belgium

before the outbreak of World War I

and were established

in order to take advantage of the cheap labor and power, and of the favor-

able geographical situation of the country.

established

commercial office was

sales were directed

in

London,

and most of the factory's

toward

the United Kingdom.

They manufactured a standard brand without a position

emphasis

upon quality and made excellent profits, yet were not in

to defend their markets when the economic crisis caused keen competition and inspired British interests to construct their own factories at home.

Gelatine production in 1939 was estimated at from 12,000 to 15,000 metric

tons, and that of glue at 3,600 tons.

- 32 -

VI.

Diamond Cutting Industry Antwerp was the center of the world diamond industry

before the occupation by the Germans,

In 1938 the industry in

Belgium occupied 12,000 union cutters and from 6,000 to 7,000 non-union cutters, many of the latter being cottage workers.

The Belgian Congo stones, mostly small and suitable for industry, furnished the greater portion of the rough stones, and in some

years as many as 3,169,000 carats were cut and polished, of which two-thirds were industrial diamonds. Diamond cutting and polishing was an ancient industry and the secrets were carefully guarded until about 60 years ago. At first a home industry transmitted from father to son, it was, prior to the capitulation of Belgium, carried on in huge

factories. During the early fifteenth century Bruges was the dominant center, but from 1483 to 1585 it became eclipsed by Amsterdam which maintained supremacy for over three centuries. In 1909 Antwerp gained the lead, principally owing to discoveries

in the Congo, and held it until the second German occupation except for a brief period during World War I. Amsterdam

continued to be important for the cutting of large stones mostly as jewels, but in the last decade prior to World VVar II, the by means of cheaper wages and Since April 1933 the Federation

growth of the craft in Germany, other methods, was phenomenal.

of Antwerp Boures had far bidden its members to send rough diamonds
4> 4^ !

cq

,,,gig

to

Germany

to

be polished on the grounds that

the

German

industry had

"ldumped"

the finished stones

of the German invasion

in

Antwerp.
in May 1940, some

At the time

1,000 master cutters, merchants,. and- brokers, and about 5,000 cutters escaped France,

from Belgium and established some 60 miles from Bordeaux.

themselves

at

Royan,

There they expected

to reestablish their industry, but as rapidity, most of them were overtaken

the German advance gained

and forced to

return

to

Belgium.

A few escaped to London or the Western Hemisphere,

34 -

VII.

Machinery,

Equipment

Vehiclesa

and other Mechanical Products.

The position of Belgium as a highly industrialized country with a large laboring population well fitted manufacture of machinery resulted in well up among the leaders in for the industry

placing the .elgain

the sale of industrial machinery.

Practically every type and form of machinery was produced. Although numerous, large plants existed in Belgium, an

unusually large number of small machine plants employing between 100 and 300 workers competed on the market. The system of mass

production and of assembling on the endless chain was less developed in Belgium than in the United States, owing to the

obvious fact that the market was smaller and the number of units producing much more restricted, Belgium production of

automobiles and other machines or engines where the cost of the material and equipment formed the most important part of production cost fell behind similar production in the United States. Belgian production of machine tools, where element in the total cost of

For the same reason,

labor cost formed a considerable

production continued to advance and held a very competitive position. Though the first industrial dynamo was manufactured in Belgium in 1869, it was some years later that the first electrical construction plants were erected in the country.

The manufacture of dynamos and their accessories was actually

35

begun in 1882 at Liege and Charleroi, and shortly afterwards the electrical industry was further extended by the erection of a factory for the manufacture of telephone equipment in Antwerp, a branch of the Bell Telephone Company. By 1905 three companies had gained outstanding importance in the electric ::nTs~rcton industry, and maintained

their position up to the occupation of the country by the Germans. Between them they absorbed about 50 percent of the labor in that industry. A fourth company manufactured elevators and became Some lesser companies were

quite important in that field.

occupied with the production of electric cables and the like. Engines and Diesel motors. The intense industrialization of the country invited experimentation in every form of motive power, with the result that shortly after the first engines of

the Charlottenburg inventor had been exhibited with success, a Belgian firm obtained his authorization to manufacture locally a motor incorporating his original principles, and from 1882 or thereabouts Belgian machinists made Diesel motors. One establish-

ment which specialized in them produced 700 metric tons of founded parts monthly, utilized 600 machine tools, and employed 2,00 men. Its patents included American, German, and Belgian original inventions.

me6

Industrial uses for the Diesel were found in many important industries in Belgium.

almost every one of the and the variety

Every type was produced,

Belgian product was regarded as sufficient both in

quantity and in

to met all the demands of the market,

Machine tools. The machine-tool industry of Belgium had its inception manufacture

about the middle of the nineteenth century and was noted for its of a wide variety of tools and parts, industry was famous for its It

According to Belgian sources, the

fine hand work, precision, and execellent quality.

was essentially an export industry, highly organized into a syndicate, with As mentioned previously, production costs were

headquarters at Brussels,

low which made the producer formidable competitors in foreign markets.

Pipes and tubes, Belgium was also a large manufacturer of tubes and and larger engineering pro-

pipes for household plumbing, conduits, sewers, jects.

The industry was first developed early in the eighteenth century

around Liege and progressed until Belgian products were sold on many foreign markets. Three plants specialized in the production of cast-iron conduits;

about 1935 their capital investments amounted to 25,000,000 francs and there were some 2,000 workers on their pay rolls. Other plants, about 14 in 1935,

manufactured pipes of iron and steel, with an annual capacity of 85,000 metric tons. Elaecrical. eauiiepnt, facilities The nation was very well supplied with electrical electric power.

and no community of any importance was lacking in

The local production of electrical household equipment was limited practically to three manufacturers, and did not enter into the export field to the same

extent as the heavier mechanical equipment.

S37

Radios.

The manufacture of radio receivers and parts began to assume

important proportions in 1934 and continued to expand until the capitulation of the country. Production in 1938 was estimated at 175,000 receivers.

In that year about 500 producers of radio receivers and parts operated in Belgium, but the major portion of the output was confined to four of the largest manufacturers, Arms. including a branch of an American factory.

The production of firearms was one of the oldest and most In the fourteenth and fifteenth

characteristic industries of Belgium.

centuries at the time of the struggles among the feudal barons and between the populace and the nobles, crude arms were supplied from the same section in Belgium which in 1940 produced the most modern of sport and military equipment. The center of activity was the city of Liege and environs. The surround-

ing forests of Ardennes furnished wood necessary to production, while Dinant and other points had well established copper industries which supplied other essential parts. Small water dams and falls erected at various points help-

ed artisans and other workmen involved in making parts and performing miscellaneous operations with a supply of cheap motive power. was never publicly divulged. Sargical and scientific instruments. The amount of production

4hile

a well established industry

existed for the production of surgical and scientific instruments, Belgium was more essentially an importer rather than an exporter. The principal

producer was the Manufacture Belge de Gembloux, located in the town of that name, with a capitalization in 1938 of 9,000,000 francs. It was affiliated

with the French firm Establissements D. Simal and the two firms complemented each other's manufacturing program.
<0

Other smaller and less important manu-

facturers, however, existed in the country.

- 58 -

The manufacture of optical goods was limited to two factories, producing eye glasses, spectacles, microscopes, and similar instruments on a limited basis. country. Automobiles. The Belgian automobile industry, aside from the outNearly the entire output was absorbed within the

standing important activity of assembling foreign cars for local use and re-exportation abroad, consisted of a few firms producing the greater part of their own equipment and at the same time using imported parts, and certain others which used mainly imported parts with some local additions. Thus strictly speaking, it was doubtful whether any so-called Belgian make

was in reality fully and entirely domestic. In 1939 it was estimated that 1,075 passenger cars were produced in The foreign assembling plants were

Belgium, 102 trucks, and 90 busses. mostly in Antwerp and Brussels. Motorcycles.

Motorcycles had been produced in Belgium since the In 1930 eight factories, located

earliest inventions or about 1901.

principally at Herstal-lez-Liege, were employed in production, with an invested capital of 170,000,000 francs. produced or assembled. Bicycles. for business. Belgium was a large user of bicycles both for pleasure and Workmen and clerks commonly rode to work on them in the In 1939 approximately 7,000 were

morning in any respectable weather, and small tradesmen employed them for delivery purposes. It was estimated that nearly 900,000 were in use in More than 100,000 machines were manufactured

Belgium prior to the invasion. locally each year.

Liege was the center of the industry, though some were

produced in Antwerp and Brussels.

a-

-.

39

aicraft.

Despite the progress which has been made and evidences of

interest in the whole field of aviation developments, and a country highly equipped for mechanical production, Belgium did not posses any outstanding

aviation construction industry. Airplane producing activitIes one principal and at line in Belgium centered pretty types of military single transport much around equipment, aviation

company which supplied certain

the same time worked in conjunction with a then in operation,

together with some 3 or 4 medium-sized concerns

furnishing particular types of military and commercial equipment.

There were

also a half-dozen or so small producer's, making planes primarily for private

use, but frequently without any organized output. ed that industry there were some 800 workers employed in in 1938. part, activities consisted of plane construction with use There were but two aviation motor producers in the country,

All

in

all,

it

was consider-

the whole Belgian aviation

For the greater of foreign motors,

the Renard and Sarolea,

both for light

units,

The first

was made by the proby a well -known

ducer of planes of the same name at Brussels,

motor cycle firm of that name at Liege.

and the latter

The outstanding construction company was known as SASC.A. which was the outgrowth of an organization created in 1920, formed in cooperation with

the Ministry of National Defense, with a view to

developing an airplane

industry in

the country.

Its plant was near Brussels on a plot adjoining

aviation,
total The

the airdrome of the organization which had control of transport

company constructed during the first 6 years of its existence a

of 265

units,

of which 247 were military and 18 civil

transport planes.
military

From 1927

to

1938, it built 278 planes, of which 250 were for

purposes and 28

for the commercial operating company.

The" a

capacity,

as claimed by the

-40

Company, was 200 military and 50 primary civil

imported from abroad,

planes*

All motors were

_Shp

Buildin~

Although Belgium maintained a merchant marine, it

was incommensurate

with the commercial importance of the country and during the economic crisis it had deteriorated with the result that on January 1,

1935, the average age

In 1938 the As

of the vessels of the Belgian merchant fleet

was 21 years.

tonnage was around 164,000 tons or some 32 percent less than in 1930

might be expected, with a deficient merchant fleet, shipbuilding did not occupy a prominent position in the economy of the country, Vessels for

replacement were for the most part purchased in other countries and often second-hand. In 1939 there were five shipyards in Belgium, of which only two could construct vessels of more than 1,500 tons net. In that year it was

estimated

that the total tonnage capacity of the yards for any year did not exceed 80,000 tons, The largest shipyard was the Cockerill works at Hoboken, the equipped to construct large ships.

only

one

It closed down in 1936, and at that timO,

fully 10,000 men were out of work as the result of its closing and the p a,lyzed activities of other yards.

c0

41 -

VIII.

Foodstuffs, Beverages and Tobacco.

In 1930 more than 114,800 were employed in the foodstuff industries Practically all It foodstuffs capable of being canned were produced in Belgium.

was said that the country produced 70 to 75 percent of its terms of money value,

food require-

ments in

adding local consumption of domestic products Expressed in nutritive values, however,

to excess of imports over exports.

the country's production of foodstuffs averaged only about 55 percent of total consumption This discrepancy was accounted for by the fact that

imports comprised largely of items, notably wheat, having a higher nutritive

valu, in

relation to cost than in the case of domestic products. vegetable canning in Belgium suffered from a

Prior to World War I, popular prejudice,

but great progress was registered since then, owing to the Never-

excellent reputation of the products of at least two outstanding firms.

theless, the Belgian housewife even in 1940 considered canned food as a last resort when fresh vegetables were out of season or could only be had at an

exorbitant price.
By quota restrictions and duties, domestic production of preserved meats,

such as sausages, canned ham and lard, had expanded and supplied much of the market. By 1936 several foreign firms, particularly Dutch, had established

plants within the country and furnished from local production much that was
formerly shipped into the country. Belgian canners were progressive, appreciated modern equipment, and turned

out a high-grade product, all factors which assured development in the

popular-

ization of canned foods.

4 0:: .~

42 -

Beverages. consumers second.

The Belgians were traditionally beer drinkers first, and wine The brewing industry, therefore, had a very important place About 1935, breweries numbered 153, with

in the economic life of the country.

a paid-up capital of 563,000,000 francs, and a net profit of 90,900,000 francs

in 1935.
The distillation of alcoholic beverages had not been developed into one of the leading industries, owing mainly to the moderate consumption by the population, and partly to the fact that the basic ingredients were not produced in the country.

Tobacco.

The largest single factor in the Belgian tobacco industry was

an organization known as "Tobacofina", located in Antwerp - a holding company controlling a dozen or more concerns manufacturing cigars, cigarillos, cigarettes, smoking and chewing tobacco, and snuff. In addition to six other

important concerns,including the British-American Tobacco Co., some 300 cutters and manufacturers of tobacco products of medium and small-sized were scattered throughout the country. The local tobacco crops accounted for anywhere from 20 to 24 percent of the total consumption. Actual output had varied in quantity from arount The highest level was reached in 1935, when

4,200 to 10,000 metric tons.

production amounted to approximately 10,000 tons, and the lowest in 1932, when it was 4,428 tons.

43 -

IX.

Quarries and the Cement Industry. It was estimated that Belgian quarries had an annual

output exceeding 500,000,000 francs in value.

Products, in

the order of their importance, were limestone, bluestone, porphyry, sandstone, marble, and marl - the last named used January 1929, the latest year

in the manufacture of cement.

for which data are available, the number of quarries in operation was 925. World War I. Porphyry was extracted in the Provinces of Brabant and Hainaut. The best deposits of granite were found in A number of quarries had been inactive since

Hainaut and furnished more than 80 percent of the total production. Rich deposits of marble, exploited for many centuries, were

found in Namur and Hainaut.

The principal variety was "Rouge

Beige", the name under which it was commonly known in foreign lands. Marble production in 1930 was valued at 28,823,000 francs, the

The principal beds of limestone were located in vicinity of Tournai and in

the valleys of the Sambre and Meuse,

The Province of Hainaut was the most important producing center, furnishing nearly 40 percent of the total production. In

1932 the output of Belgian limeburning plants was estimated at 2,300,000 metric tons. Cement. Belgium was one of the foremost cement producing countries in Europe, with an estimated capacity of 5,000,000 tone annually. At the outbreak of World War II,

- 44 -

37 plants were in cement.

operation of which 36 produced Portland

Production prior to the German invasion averaged About one-third

between 2,500,000 and 3,000,000 metric tons. of the production was exported annually.

The industry was a very old one and occupied a very important place in the Belgian industrial economy. The country

had large deposits of marl, cement,

a very desirable raw material for the course of

since chalk was easier to prepare in

manufacture than the hard limestone employed by many other cement plants. This was an important factor contributing to Belgium.

the relatively low costs of producing cement in

. i it

48

X. Glass. Potterye andCeramics4

The glass industry was one of the traditional occupations of the country

and was concentrated in the Provinces of Liege, Hainaut (Charleroi was famous for its glassworks) and Antwerp. All typos of glassware were manufactured,

Window glass was famous and in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the industry attained international importance, preceding coat and metallurgr at that period. Window-lass! The production of window glass, for both churches

and dwellings, dated from the end of the sixteenth century. Until 1880 Belgium had practically a world monopoly for the manufacture, and even since then, despite the erection of window-glass factories in several countries, Belgium has remained one of the worldss largest producers and exporters. The industry centered in the Sambre Valley in the Province of Hainaut, owing to the abundance of raw materials in the vicinity. Until 1914 Belgium continued to use the old blowing system, but the reconstruction of the plants destroyed during World War I permitted a general modernization of the

window-glass

industry which adopted a By World War II

"Fourcault" process and other rationalized methods.

blown-

glass production had completely disappeared.

In 1934 the total capacity production of all plants was estimated at 65,000,000 square meters, but the maximum annual production was reached in 1929 with 61,000,000 square meters. The industry suffered severely

from the world depression, and in 1932 reached a low production of 24,000,000 square meters. Exports sometimes amounted to as much as 95 percent of the total annual production. Organization was centralized in two groups of a

local cartel for mutual agreements as to prices, production, and the like, Bottles and phials. In 1939 some 18 plants with an invested capital Output in 1938 was

of 155,000,000 francs produced bottles and phials.

46,356 metric tons. The bottle manufacturers employed 850 workers, and the
phial manufacturers 1,732. The domestic market consumed about 39,500 metric
r_,t

- 46 -

tons annually, with the remainder going overseas; principally to Great Britain. Table glassware. About 1933 the glass tableware industry numbered About 80 percent of the

25 factories, mostly in the Province of Liege. total production went into exports. Pottery and porcelain.

For the manufacture of every-day pottery, Practically

producers found abundant clay at hand conducive to production. every ordinary type was made for domestic use and exports.

The porcelain

industry was highly developed, and supplied all the popular demands and specialized in laboratory and other technical articles or accessories. Ceramics. Ceramics were produced in Belgium in the earliest times, Samples The pro-

when production was in the hands of the individual craftsmen. of tiles dating back to the Middle Ages still existed in 1940.

duction as an industry began in the nineteenth century when most of the companies existing at the time of the German occupation were established. World War I caused the destruction of the greater part of these plants and as a result practically the entire industry had to be renovated. at that time that the floor and wall tile importance, It was

industry began to assume any

owing to reconstruction activities throughout the country and

the current demand for tiles in homes and public buildings. In 1938 about 22 enterprises were engaged in the manufacture of wall and floor tiles, with a combined capital investment of some 85,000,000 francs. Employment took care of approximately 2,500 laborers. The anfial production

that capacity of floor tiles was placed at 3,000,000 square meters, while of wall tiles was about 60,000,000 pieces. The industry was dependent upon imports for the greater part of its raw materials. requirements. Kaolin from Great Britain supplied fully 80 percent of the Although kaolin deposits existed in the country, they were I

too insignificant to supply the industry.

47

For ten years prior to the second German invasion, most Belgian manufacturers.were in a very precarious position, attributable to keen competition on the part of Czechoslovak, Japanese, and German producers

whose cost of production was claimed to be 30 percent lower than that of

Belgian producers.

Refractories,
the last few years,

The refractories industry progressed in Belgium during and most of the products used in in the country. the metallurgical

undertakings were

manufactured
in

About 15 factories situated

in the Andenne district aluina refractories.

Hainaut, and in

the Liege area produced silico-

The Union Chimique Belge at its

Ohislain plant, prosi.lianite,

duced the full mnullitanite, tories, Ltd.,

range of refractory products, including silica,' and other bricks. The Seilles-Andenne

works of General Refrac-

of Sheffield, produced magnesia bricks and Saxpyre basic bricks.

XI*.

Hides. The

Skins and Leather. of leather goods was considered one of the most important In fact

manufacture

industries of the country and had been practised since ancient times.

the tanning of leather and the curing of skins were known during the Roman occupation in rThe vicinity of the Ardennes. According to Belgian economists, At one time 20

their country was the first

to dress and dye rabbit skins.

establishments
es

were occupied in

the industry, employing more than 2,000 labor-

Ghent and Brussels were the principal centers. Prior to World War

II

thousands of tons of hides and skins were imported

annually

from Latin America for fabrication into almost every conceivable The industry centered around Malmedy, Tournai, Liege,

leather or fur article, Brussels,

Vervierv, and other places.

48 -

Felt hats.

The manufacture of felt hats was an important industry.

Consequently, such allied trades as fur cutting assumed large proportions, especially in view of the fact that Belgium was among the largest producers of rabbit fur, the skin or felt of which was extensively employed in had manufacture. The abundance of raw materials and the demands of both local

manufacturers and foreign purchasers gave a considerable impetus to the trade. In 1938 fur-cutting plants numbered 24, mostly concentrated in Lokeren,

East Flanders. Leather belting. The leather belting industry was primarily an export-

ing one, with normally around 75 percent of the total production sold on foreign markets.

Shoes.

The shoe industry was located principally at Iseghem, West

Flanders, and was primarily a family affair, handed down from father to son. The owners of certain factories could be traced to the sixteenth century,
when their forefathers were shoemakers or manufacturers. In the primitive

days shoes were almost invariably sold on market days, when the individual shoemakers took the measures of their clients and delivered the finished product on the following market day. In 1935 the industry comprised 45 factories, with 2,600 workmen. The

total weekly output was estimated at 27,000 pairs, or an annual production of 1,350,000 pairs. In that year only about 30 percent of the workmen was employ-

ed, inasmuch as the economic depression affected manufacture to a great extent. In pre-World War I unemployment was non-existent, but after peace the entire shoe industry was reconstructed and mechanized, with the exception of two or three factories which continued to carry on hand work. The shoes of the

Iseghem factories were considered superior to those produced in other locales, especially the de-luxe shoes for ladies.
ana'd
.

co

XI I

Rubber.
Belgium was a
ufacturer

of ru bber goods,

although rubber did not No statistics were

occupy a place among the more important industries, available regarding production, except tires, but

among

the various articles hose,

manufactured were pneumatic casings, rubber sheeting, soles and holes,

thread,

and other types of

mecacnical rubber goods as well as toys.

located at Liege, with a branch factory

One rubber plant,

glg ebAert,

in

France, produced a fairly

good tire

and not only dotnated the home

market,

but

competed

successively with other internationally known makes in exporter rather than an en rter,

other

countries.

Bel ium was

WTorld

Shortly before domestic labor

War II,

Englebert practically supplied

the entire

market, owing to official regulations

be used in

requiring that only domestic Englebert

and materials

auto

tivs

assembling operations0

had an estimated capaity of

around 4,000 tires

per day and was considered

to have produced around 2000 on

average during 1938.

The Michelin (French capital) plant started operations in 1938 and was
looked upon as an important factors

ftetic

rubbr,

produton
"ar

of synthetic rubber began shortly before or immediately thereafter at Tertre, ufacturing

the outbreak of

World

11

the enthanite type tons per

of rubber, with an estimated capacity of 1,000 to 2,000 metric

annum.

U 4 C

'eI

50 -

XIII.

Lumber and Wood Products, The limited forestry areas of Belgium were in-

sufficient to supply the local demand for the raw materials for the various wood manufactures, hence much lumber was imported from other countries. Since a considerable portion of Belgian

manufactureres entered international commerce and since goods had to be packed to withstand the rigors of transport, Belgium was naturally a large consumer and an important manufacturer of box shooks and box lumber, supplied mostly by imports. The country was one of the largest producers of inexpensive furniture. The principal center was at Malines, al-

though other factories were situated elsewhere, especially at Bruges and Ghent. The industry was classed as one of the leadin

ing minor industries of the country, but figured little

foreign trade, as production was practically equivalent to the domestic demand. Paper and Paper Manufactures. The manufacture of paper and paper goods occupied a significant place in Belgian industrial economy. in The Flemings

the Middle Ages copied or imitated the paper of China with

great success and developed it successively throughout the ages. Prior to May 1940 practically all types of paper were kinds of paper articles fabricated, About

manufactured and all

1935 the normal annual production was from 200,000 to 275,000 metric tons per annum of which exports absorbed about 85,000 tons. At the last census in (1930) more than 19,500 workers were engaged Factories were fairly well

paper manufacture and commerce.

distributed throughout t~ecoui~~r

51 -

XIV.

Books, Music and the Printing Arts. Antwerp was one of the first cities in Europe where

the new industry of printing was established after its during the first half of the fifteenth century.

invention

Typographical

works were produced there as early as 1473.

Work progressed

through all stages and between 1896 and 1910 the number of printers, lithographers, chromolithographers, photo-typists

and photo-lithographers, and music publishers increased from

1,586 and 2,360.

The need for adequate publishing facilities intensified by the two languages, was

French and Flemish, which

were officially recognized, with the result that all public documents and records were printed in both.

The Belgian was more interested in books than magazines. Comparing Antwerp with a city of similar size in the United

States, the number of book stores outnumbered those in America by 20 to 1. An international book mart had been held at Antwerp

since the flowering of the art, and was recognized as one of the principal European publishing markets for 400 years. The census of 1930 indicated that 3,056 enterprises were functioning in connection with the "book industry" and 378 in connection with "paper working". The book industry

employed at that time 24,316 workers, and the paper-working industry 7,487. The total of 31,805 laborers constituted

roughly 2 percent of the total industrial population of the country.

IMMOP

52

Most of the enterprises were organized as individual shops or family groups. Of the 3,010 enterprises actually

engaged in book production in 1930, 2,571 were run by and for private individuals, partners. and 225 by and for partners or private

There were only 150 stock companies (societes anonymes)

together with 39 cooperatives and 25 operating with silent partners. The industry was centered chiefly in the Provinces of

Antwerp and Brabant which accounted for more than 50 percent of the industry, with Liege and Hainaut following. According to the Bibliotheque Royale de Belgique, 3,300 was the average number of books, published annually. new titles and new editions,

In years of unusual prosperity before the

crisis as many as 4,500 were produced in a single year. Playing cards. Manufacture of playing cards was one

of Belgium's most important minor industries, and it was estimated that total production of five factories located at Turnhout approximated 100,000,000 packs per annum during the peak of the pre-World War II period, or one-third of the world's consumption. Of the total country. output only about 8 percent was sold within the

0 ..

53 -

FOREIGN COMMERCE I. Trade Statistics. Belgium, one of the most densely populated countries in the world and at the same time poor in natural resources, was traditionally an importer of raw materials and foodstuffs and an exporter of manufactured and semi-manufactured goods. In other words, Belgium resold to foreign countries in many instances manufactured goods made from products which it had bought from them as raw material. It was truthfully said that

Belgium lived mainly by its manufacturing industries and if it were not for the ability to sell its products abroad, the Belgain people could not have existed under normal conditions. An excess of exports over imports in point of value was the exception rather than the rule. This deficit in the

national economy was taken up to a great extent by the heavy transit trade which passed through the country, with the resultant revenue from the use of port and rail facilities. Antwerp had

the reputation of being one of the best ports in western Europe, offering modern port equipment and the most inexpensive facilities for handling and transhipping cargo. Its geographical situation

was ideal and each year it attracted a steadily growing number of regular steamship lines from all over the world. nearby rival was Rotterdam. On May 1, 1922, an economic union was effected between Belgium and its neighbor, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg. (Prior Its only

to World War I Luxemburg economy was linked with that of Germany.)

54

Consequently

from May 1922

on,

trade statistics

of Belgium

include those of Luxemburg.

The following table shows the foreign trade

merchandise as well as transit traffic for a number of years=

Foreign Trade in
Imports for consumption and transformation Yearly average
or year

Merchandise
Transit trade, value
Th~ou-

Exports of domestic goods and foreign goods transformed Thousands or metric ThouThou-

Thousands of metric tons

ThouThou-

francs 2,614,895 3,582,099 4,536,775 9,085,978 13,675,960 4,636,608 5,236.279 12,935,676 10,195,401 9,430,957 13,192,167 17,700,743 17,860.531 23,045,525 29,075,C48 31,975,971 35,530,770 30,974,129 23,746,221 1,162,864 14,822,395 13,702800 17,111,715 21, 299,320 27,487,317 22,597,198 19,425,592

Thousands of gold drancs dollars 504,675

sa

or

o fnds

tons

dollars 2,072,096 2,514,191 3,690,876 5,572,508 10,370,413 3,634,584 2,192,923 8,852,094 7,284,898 6,334,698 9,692,617 13,813,515 14,746,338 19,934,379 28.827,898 30,550,901 31,783,644 28,067,630

francs

Thousands o gold gold dollars 321,408

1901-5..............16,685 1906-10.............23,097 1911-13............ 1919-20.............9,055 1921-25............ 1913............... 1919................ 1950................ 1921 ............... 1922................ 1928............... 1924................33,412 1925...............32,951 1928................ 1927............... 1926................39,732 1929 ............... 1930............... 1931...............38,722 1932............... 193............... 1934............... 1938................ 1938................ 1937............... 1938.:..............31,430 1939............... Oeian occupation

891,345

31,056 28,638 32,658 4,769 13,347 17,885 22,558 28.603 34,305 38,061 45,074 42,227 31,348 30,896 31,747 30,590 32,846 38,986 219,757

875,597 811,863 788,741 894,865 666,673 954,653 759,160 724,571 688,499

821,314
850,161 751,284 808,286 868,932 987,755 861,095 660,501 449,327 412,063 380,664 374,062 428,412 547,960 460,952 388,66

15,164 17,405 20,530 8,761 18,534. 20,885 6,908 10,613 17,257 17,000 16,974

20,385

21,072 23,203 24,222 28,693 258,40 23,788 24,617 19,582 19,936 19,989 20,300 21,886 28,010 21,970 21,852

23,069,052
14,812,932 14,031,785 15,539,901 15,786,436 19,525,544 25,508,289 21,439,391 21,579,719

1,665,315 399,915 2,242, 104 543,139 2,398,717 712,301 4,888,778 473,046 7,767,522 575,274 2,459,925 701,865 2,354,528 292,808 7,423,029 653,285 4,728,626 540,951 6,085,279 486,688 7,581,295 505,858 640,947 1,674,889 13,958,757 701.928 649.861 20,010,351 710,280 24,698,523 86,469 .32,551,915 883,685 39,311,938 724,680 34,692,828 641,350 28,012,702 411,800 17,068,255 390,083 21,333,610 378,136 15,908,912 345,091 15,980,043 15,842, 834 390,901 502,487 31,539,739 22,700,060 427,844 16,595,995 419,688

432,726
462,953 424,246 450,873 474,786 300,673 547,820 352,283 467,349 395,744 588,114 664,437 652,337 686,619 904,943 1,092,872 964,481 778,758 474,497 593,074 442,268 319,920 317, 174 828,745 453,002 330,380

1914-18.

Note - The "gold dollar" in the above table is the United States dollar of the years prior to 1933 (when the dollar was reduced in value). Data for 1933 and subsequent years have been reduced to this basis in order to maintain an unchanging unit of value for this long-term survey. Values in the subsequent detailed tables in this study are in current dollars.

55 -

It should be noted that the progress

in

exports was made in spite

of

the growth of protectionism in other countries.

1914, Belgian exports trebled in

From 1890 until the war in

period, while most other

value; during this

countries increased their customs duties, maintenance by Belgium of a liberal

regime enabled it to keep its production costs at a

relatively low level. walls, WorldTs ext-

In
quotas,

spite of the restrictions on

and clearing agreements, the

international trade by tariff

relative share of Belgium in

port rose. percent.

In

1929 it

was 2.85 percent, but by 1938 it

had advanced to 3,35

In terms of gold, the world's trade between 1929 and 1938

shrunk

by 59,8 percent, but Belgian export trade by only 52 percent. The following table shows the trade for recent years: percentage of the four main categories of

Belgian-Luxemburg

trade by princial grous Percentages of total trade)

orts ICmm

1936
Live aimals,,,,...,,,.,,.,,,.. Food and beverages,..........
Rawaa materials ... .....,......,.

1937
0.1 19,6
57 .6

1939
0,1 20,6
55.4

:
:

1936
0,3

xprt 1937
0.3

199
0,2

0,2

213
54.3

5.5
5 45.o9

5,4
45.0

3,7 44.6g0 F

Manufactures .,..,,,.....,,,.,,

24.2

22,7

23,9

48.3

49.3

51,5

A stusiy of the

following table of the principal imports into Belgium and quantities of foodstuffs, feedatuffs, raw materials
proportion to finished products. The volwic

Luxemburg shows the large

and semi-manufactured goods in of imports increased until

1938 when disturbed

conditions

of the world i

general and Europe particularly, ing war, resulted in

formation.
fomtin

provoked by politial

factors and the

a.pproachgrans-

a decline,

Imports are for domestic

consumption or

56 8.

BZI.L IUM-LUXEMBURG

Imports of Principal
Quantity Commodity 1938 Total...........1,000 tons..
Meats,

Commodities
Value (thousands 1939 29,287 1938 720,641 4,229 1,707 3,730 5,789 48,020 3,398 1937 927,752 3, 272 984 5,928 5,899 39,101 1,793 18,858 28,113 2,800 5,532 9,442 9,932 3,891 5,933 12,222 8,001 4,370 5,237 15,582 8,273 33,818 10,347 12,338 49,946 18,007 3,188 of dollars) 1938 783,518 4,543 538 8,872 5,981 39,277 5,127 12,521 18,378 3,058 5,992 13,029 7,882 3,820 3,020 10,238 3,830 4.842 2,852 11,829 5,845 28,438 9,201 9,038 33,414 12,988 2,783 1939 854,720 4,370 388 8,115 3,853 33,275 4,880 9,195 15,207 2,071 3,883 9191 8,183 3,808 5,822 9,277
.3,935

1937 38,370

1938

32,328

30,934

psultry, game.... 1,000 1.. do.... Butter ..................... Cheese.....................do.... do... Fish and shellfish ......... 1,000 bu.. ................

57,777
8, 141 50,849 180,340 43,707 3,437 21,071 38.435 3,008 285,118 348,510 115,440 38,798 387,517 304,447 8,939 41,281 189,097 83,919 21114 243,648 177,823 108,319 239,870 49,371 4,009

Wheat

Rye.....................do...,

do...,. ......... Barley......... Corn........................do.... Potatoes....................do.... Vegetables, other.......1,000 lb.. .... do.... Fruits and nuts, in Coffee, green...............do.... Cacao, raw..................do.... tons.. Bran and fodder ........... Oilcake.....................do.... Wines..................1,000 gal.. Tobacco, unmanufactured. 1,000 lb.. Bones and horn..............do.... Hides and skins...........do.... Hare and rabbit skins.......do.... Cotton, raw................do.... Flax and tow...............tons.. Vegetable fibers, other.....do.... 1,000 1b.. Wool, greasy............ Wool, other.................do.... do.... Wool, yarn .................

bulk

57,477 45,100 2,540 4,989 53,380 49,980 156.784 132,457 38,189 44,824 7,995 1,908 19,385 21,237 24,419 38,002 3,924 3,287 312, 144 328,304 387,017 454.180 113,032 113,904 38,584 31,842 458,178 374,951 35,308 308,838 10,420 10,827 38,322 38,723 283.003 128,880 93,274 99,140 24,818 28,014 298,417 271,875 190,811 179,488 128.771 101,280 249,877 211,297 43,110 48,437 4,174 3,988
3,358 2,187 2,512 1,972 1,368 878 33,043 418,447 124,501 202,547 37.442 10,007 4,423

53,894
2,080 52,016 134,837 42,419 9,289 18,750 22,55 2,308 214,748 329,785 120,732 44.211 402,208 301,340 7,979 40,882 115,077 83,227 20,572 208.281 153,403 77,988 171,198 34,381 3,882

12,885

20,201 2,403 4,210 8,84 9,158 3,247 3,832 9,179 4,815 4,921 2,877 10,702 7,619 25,704 10.315 9,467 41,370 14,977 3,'112

4,970 1,818 7,249 4,328 19,3 7,749 8,880 28,788 9,127

2,418

Textile fabrics, woven: 3,522 1,000 1.. Cotton............... 1,778 do.. Wool................... 1 236 Silk and rsyon........do.... 884 do.... Knitgoods .................. 31,770 Logs, squared timber.1,000 cu. ft.. 544,487 1,000 bd.ft.. Wood, sawn ........... 188,813 Wood pulp...................tons.. 220,790 Paper and cardboard.....1,000 lb.. 29,940 Rubber, crude...............do.... 12,922 Rubber manufactures.........do.... 3,810 1,000 tons.. Coal................... 2,824 Coke and Sriquets........... do.... 2,787 Gasoline .............. 1,000 bl.. 1.197 Lubricating oil...........do.... 737,781 Petroleum products, other...tons.. Ores: 10,549 tonsl Iron...............1,000 587 Zinc.....................do.... 98 Lead.....................do.... 9 do9... Tin ..................... 432 do.... Other. ................ 275 do.... Pig Iron, ferro-alloys...... 253 Iron and steel, other.......do.... Coppe'r, crude.........1,000 1 lb.. 295,758 ,528 machinery...... tons.. Electrical 40,709 do.... Machinery, other .......... Automobiles and chassis: ,1,95 For consumption.....n...number.. 2,743 For reexport.............do.... Automobile parts and accessories: 21,415. tons.. . For consumption. 7,040 For reexport...........do.... 4,320 1,000 bu Linseed................ Oilseeds, other..........,000 lb.. 308,521 89,859 Vegetable oils, fixed.......do.... 1,823 Medicines, prepared.........do.... 209,872 Chemicals...............tons.. 735 Fertilizers........... 1,000 tons.. 40,910 Paints and varnishes.... 1,000 lb.. 4,490 Perfumes, cosmetics.........do.... ............. Precious stones................... Other merchandise .................. Gold and silver bullion and specie........13,811

3,237

1,530

1,826

2,711 1,712
3,447 2,578 4,784 18,879 3,041 7,800 4, 107 3,839 18,720 8, 175 7,440 5,573 8,108 14,829 8,804 5,412 3,324 5,988 5,743 18,332 19,438

2,841
3,3689 3,840 2,529

2,211 3,055
3,137 2,273 8,193 18,417 4,714 8,898 4,408 3,317 23, 008 14, 132 7,882 8,478 10,137 '15,849 8,838 4,474 7,137 15,071 2,784 17,024 30,441 11,419 29,522 1,180 2,388 12,492 4,333 4. 447 9,420 3,48 2,845 9,583 18,883 5,740 1,440 35,930 128,880 18,943

1,853
2,372 -2, 844 2,004 4,140 12,308 3,838 . 8,317 3,933 2,999

805 38,838 431,027 172,543 233,532 47,308 12,384 8,070 3,297 2,884 1.378 873,230 12,218 809 130 10 729 303 254 525,543 7,242 49,730

1,999

2,588 1,181 850,728 9,243 529 105 12 894 118 208 493,329 8, 856 48,273 1,864 4,381 24,388 10,909 3,387 429,417 88,418

1,238 594 23,718 370,985 188,807 198,838 33,388 9,272 3,482 2,047 2,807 1329 584,401 9,933 398 108 8 502 184 171 483,829

8,885

17,957 8,785 10.418 7,277 3,991 34,203 13, 197 8,807 7,497 10,431 18,332 10,972 8,409 8,489 14,403 9,073 21,793 43,788 12,328 31,395 1,379 3,745 18,143 4,856 5,392 10,522 3,858 2,418 11,988 11,980 7,353 1,524 42,982 153,328 13,885

20,274

14,875 8,831 7,182 8,098 18,164 4,984 4,531 4,134 8,545

3,700

14,403 29,847

5,196
40,844 735 4,997 18,782 9.782 333,322 89,777 1,880 184,400 018 38,853 4,58

10,382
24,987 1,231 1,795 10,413 2.590 4,827 8,592 3,512 2,189 10,823 10,877 8,822 1,447 38,100 128,953

9, 100
23,878 339 2,498 8,378

5,411

2,433

32,423 12,490 4, 209 359,718 87,457 2,083 213,074 798 49,029 4,448 .....

4, 198

3,785

3,270 8,894 3,233

1,795

2,519

181,373 887 38.538 3,987 ...............

10,877 17,099 8,319 1,478 36,049 110,278 13887

- 57 -

The following table of exports from Belgium and Luxemburg shows a trend similar to that of the import trade, with smaller shipments in 1938 and 1939 than in 1937. Exports comprise both domestic goods and foreign merchandise

reexported after transformation within Belgium.

OR 58

BelgiumLuxemnburg

Exports of Principal Commodities

Quantity
Commodity 1936 1937 1938 1939 1938 1937 1938 1939

Value (thousands of dollars)

Total...........1,000 tons..
Eggs, in the shel..... 1,000 do.. 1,000 lb.. Vegetables ............. ..... d.... Malt .................. do.... Sugar ...................... Vegetable oils.............do..., Hides and skins.............do.... Hare and rabbit skins.......do.... Leather and dressed skins...do.... Leather manufactures ....... do.... do.... Cotton, raw and Flax and tow.............tons.. Wool: Greasy..............1,000 lb... do.... Washed .................. Combed ui combing waste., do.... Hare ond rabbit hair........do.... Yarn and thread: Cotton...................do.... Linen, hemp, jute........do.... do.... Rayon ...................

21,520
16,575 355,540 119.221 295.963 47,420 44,307 6,353 8,682 3,220 69,000 40,157 78,287 27,801 42,147

24,615
17,516 373,024 15,863 204,790 49,654 49,532 7,053 15,113 3,587 81.619 51,235 87,847 25,195 40,517 3,759 30,211 56,773 5,754 19,035 78,845 47,019 9,382 66,343 20,428

21p823
11,300 271,339 14, 136 281,912 55,654 45,585 5,722 9,908 2,984 84,697 58,922 47,275 26,628 34,314 3,734 26,256 59,654 8,847 17,458 59,388 35,118 9,828 68,999 .21,179

21,607

660,627
3,620 5,593 2,752 5,063 2,688 4,503 4,557 8,187 4,334 7, 140 15,648 13,134 11,284 17,468

850,762 724,394
3,689 6,l143 4,013 3,985 3,037 8,565 5,361 9,033 5,058 9,185 17,589 15,828 12,227
)3, 483

727,323
1,981 4,429 378 5,735 1,730 4,554 4,142 8,188 4,287 5,627 25,589 8,020 12,544 15,238 5,273 7,454 7,865 3,359 14,18 24,881 8,186 5,935 7,597 35893

9,125
14,092 16,388 263,562 36,943 40,845 8,543 9,893 2,648 65,923 67,440 45,137 31,163 37,875

2,731 6.174

396
5,518 2,869 5,82 3,691 8,410 4,370 5,034' 20,111 5,147 12,058 14,044 5,823 6,059 8,401 2,871 12,103 23,473 7,004 5,734 8,789 4,800

kapok......

3,785

4,399

6,602

7,253 6,985 7,542 3,077 14,909 32,413 11,058 6,408 8,077 4,788

1601.....................do....
Woven fabrics: Cotton..................do.... Linen, hasp,

23,302 51,815 8,126 17,445 74,111 43,257 8,223 79,102 18,097

38,779 80,597 7,138 23,144 88,948 38,464 10,780 88,282 18,145

4,928 5,825 3,228 11,729 30,98 7,764 5,244 8,789 3,813

Paper and cardboard.........do.... Rubber manufactures.........do.... Coke and briquets........... do.... Mineral oils and derivatives..d0.... bbl!. Cement..............1,000 Manufacturesof marblestone ... tona.. Plate glass;............. 1,000.10.. do.... Window glass. ............. Glassware, other..........do.... tons.. Ores...............1,000 iron and steel..............do.... Copper, crude and scriap.I,000 lb.. Copper manufactures ........ do.... Electric wire and cable.....do.... Zinc, crude and scrap.......do.... Zinc. sheets ................ do.... Tin, crude and scrap........do.... Lead, crude and scrap.......do.... Electrical machinery........ tons.. Machinery, other..........do.... Railway and street cars.....do.... Automobiles and chassis: Belgian origin.........number.. Assembled or finished In Belgium .............. do... Chemicale.............1,000 tens.. Fertillzers................do.... Paints and varnishes....1,000 lb.. Precious stones.............. Arms and ammumitlon..... 1,000 lb.. Other merchandise............. 'Gold and silver...............

Wool.....................do....
...............

jute.......do....
1,000 tons..

Coal.

4,60
1,747 583 5,341 118,858 86,831 336,707 64,680 1,059 3,737 175, 174 23,976 26,898 212,372 100,299 14,823 128,028 5,009 80,397 27,534 142 11,022 471 1,765 97,897 5,449

4,248
1,928 471 5,990 150,008 82,468 386680 88,286 2,494 4,280 255,567 36,297 39.848 338,569 102,905 18,876 152,044 7,148 80,581 47,925 252 14,829 570 2,080 106,789 6, 238

4,599

4,9.10

23,642

28,597
12,141 11.461 6, 110 4,088

25,397
11,980 10.243 8,256 3,849

27,574

1,802 397 5,814 135, 137 84,049 297,457 54,168 2,288 2,945 284, 582 33,058 39,745 291, 393 83,071 18,650 148,898 7,723 77, 268 39,399 151 13,992 599 1,809 94,23 10,777

2,087 351 5,752 150,146 59, 144 306,547 58,214 1,820 3.495 246, 131 38,520 30,531 282,085 79,747 14,509 155,835 7,420 79,494 21,327 158 14,180 533 1,827 100,294 7,005

12,546

8,204 5,192 3,276 6,508 7,979 4,152

13,916

8,75
5,918 4,175

7,946 8,405 4,321 3,560 8,905 115,150185,103 17,177 35,373 5,996 3,035 3,109 5,503 7,123 15,953 3,915 5,305 8,853 9,95'7 4,871 8,229 5,92 8,873 14,743 18,898 3,327 6,077 202 7, 119 13,157 370

5,998 8,723 3,781 11, 184 117,844 29,598 4, 938 5,416 15,243 3,794 7,748 5, 233 9,879 20,764 8,883 192 9,431 18,098 27,874 4,788 49,419 11,944 111,087 7,807

5, 884 7,008 3,834 e,142 139, 119 29,084 5,640 4, 247 8,934 3,820 6,490 5,508 8,987 20,418 4,704 182 9,152 18, 157 29.17 5,217 45,188 10,358 97, 100 8,846

10,490 18, 433 29,072 23,893 5,495 4,955 56.287 54,488 5,092 8,947 95,741 127,769 7,433 10,462

- 59 -

The principal suppliers to the Belgian-Luxemburg market in the normal year 1937 were, in order of importance, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, goods was France, France, Germany, the United States,

The most important outlet for Belgian

followed by Great Britain, with Germany and the Nether-

lands tied for third place. The following table shows the trade by principal countries for recent years:

B GIUM-L

URG

Trade With Principal Countries (Thousands of Dollars)

Imports Country at origin or destination
1938

Exports

1937

1938

1939
854,720

1938
880,827

1937
880,781

1938
724,394

1939

Total ......................

720,841

927,752 783,818

727,323 83,418 8,966 28,184 8,774 2,808 8,474 94,835 87,007 3,857 8,896 118,714 13,415 8,821 7,048 2,818 28,919 30,436 97,884

84,084 79,918 10,813 21,341 32,138 59,810 11,088 12,205 8,075 8,819 7,904 9,881 118,923 111,887 107,181 87,814 708 380 7,335 6,881 70,094 78,772 8,220 11,079 9,890 12,405 2,901 3,424 4,175 12,893 2,7i6 4,019 18,541 18,927 9,323 10,311 25,259 28,489 80,799 77,851 21,8636 32,86 1,277 2,376 3,424 4,822 29,571 33,235 21,988 Australia........................ 80,873 Belgian Congo..................... 38,910 83,784 2,182 3,741 Egp ................. 2,087 2,300 2,619 1,398 Morocco ... :....................... 9,893 7,141 6,109 Union of South Arica .............. 83,918 73,419 100,533 Other countries................... Percent of total: 11.0 8.6 68.9 United States................... 14.8 12.8 13.4 France ......................... 11.5 11.5 11.8 ........................ Garmany 9.2 8.3 9.1 Netherlands..................... 8.0 8.4 9.2 United Kingdom.................. 6.9 6.7 Belgian Congo.................. .5.4 49,912 United States..................... 27,793 Canada........................... 40,237 Argentina......................... 10,780 Brazil ........................... 7,297 Czechosloveaa................... 9,574 Finlezd........ ................... 98,858 France........................... 83,755 .......................... Germany .800 Ireland........................... 2,375 Italy............................. Netherlands.......................856,499 Norway............................ 7,488 18,298 Poland and Danzig................. 2,786 Portugal.......................... 7,391 Rumania........................... 5,720 Spain............................. 11,742 Sweden; .......................... 7,885 Switzerland ....................... U.S. S.R. (Russia)................. .21,332 86,222 United Kingdom.................... India and Burma.................. 21,547 2, 311 China............................. 3,779 Japan.............................

53,205 88,082 8,881 10,322 41,309 20,188 5,723 9,375 3,831 4,520 5,727 7,478 103,387 118,455 89,485 79,832 4,953 174 8,224 8,251 79,881 83,009 8,397 7,344 8,304 8,808 2,817 5,238 4,952 1,459 4,443 1.388 12,477 15,923 8,804 18,120 84,510 14, 448 808 2,885 17, 217 41,347 2,187 2,260 6,338 8.,304 10.1 15.8 12.2 9.6 8.3 8.3

8,551

48,747 84,425 8,330 8,196 31,989 23,203 113.140 8,984 8,096 6,393 9,487 7,392 147,188' 110,28.4 89,234 93,721 5,842, 4,571 8,473 10,882 88,029 93,409 i, 198 9,420 9,930 10,179 8,297 8,738 4,184 4,231 8,758 8,114 19,470 22,473 19,007 20,021 18,160 18,007 10,088 96,894 95,049 111,848 14,482 12,265 13, 218 8,983 12, 181 7,470 4,281 9,633 5,997 4,139 3,934 2,887 13,837 13,096 7,899 8,965 8,677 8,095 4,236 5,386 4,757 13,918 11,732 11, 101 65,948 57,784 79,632 8.1 17.8 10.5 12.1 14.4 1.2 7.6 17.3 11.0 11.0 13.1 1.8 6.7 15.2 12.3 12.2' 13.3 1.9

4,721 4,997
8,187 5,0i1

11,541
3,704

12,813 7,748 3,801 9,888 64,133 8.7 13.01 9.2 15.9 13.4 1.7

4 Cr SM

61 -

Trade with Germany-The trade relations between Belgium and Germany were especially interesting, owing both to their geographical juxtaposition and to the great similarity of their economies - both importers of foodstuffs and raw materials and exporters of manufactures. Over a considerable period following World War I, gium was subject to severe handicaps. German trade with Bel-

Products from Germany were assessed

special rates of duty much higher than those applicable to other countries, and it was not until 1925 that a trade agreement between the two nations was definitely signed and put into effect. Traffic between the two countries im-

mediately preceding World War II was still subject to payment and clearing agreements. In the period from 1930 to 1937, Germany had seven times ranked while on

as the second most important foreign supplier to the Belgian market, one occasion it was the first.

During those years Germany furnished 11 to 17 This very substantial pro-

percent of the value of all imports into Belgium.

portion was especially striking, considering the heavy Belgian imports of foodstuffs and industrial raw materials from abroad, which Germany was not in a position to supply. As an outlet for Belgian exports, Germany from 1930 to 1937 occupied fourth position in relative importance on seven different occasions and has once taken third place. Exports to Germany have constituted around 10 to 11 In every one of the years, there was a In the earlier years this balance was showed a tendency to narrow. Thus

percent of the total, by value.

balance of trade in favor of Germany.

particularly heavy, but in later years it

the value of the movement of goods into Belgium from Germany and from Belgium to Germany tended to approach, although it did not reach, a balance (except in 1938 which cannot be considered as a normal year).

- 62 -

Trade with Great Britain-Trade relations between Belgium and Great Britain were always particularly close. The British market was of great importance to Belgium absorb-

ing about 14 percent of the total exports, although exports fluctuated greatly during the past 10 years or more. In 1929 they reached 5,806,000,000

francs, and in 1931, when the effects of the economic crisis were being felt, they amounted to nearly 5,000,000,000 francs. The abandonment of the gold

standard and the adoption of protective tariffs by Great Britain, however, combined with the economic depression, had a serious effect on the trade. 1932, exports to Great Britain had fallen by more than 50 percent from the peak value, and in 1933 they reached the low level of 1,792,000,000 francs. After that year they showed continued progress until 1937, keeping pace with the development of Great Britain's economic activities. The year 1938 saw a By

decline, owing to the slackening in trade during the first half year, and from 3,493,000,000 francs in 1937, exports fell to 2,972,000,000 in 1938. The trade was always in favor of Belgium, imports being considerably below exports. In 1937 there was a visible balance favorable to Belgium amount-

ing to 1,136,400,000 francs.

Trade with France-The economies of Belgium and France were complementary, and in view of the lack of natural boundaries separating the two countries, it was only natural that France was in most years, the foremost supplier to the Belgian market and the first outlet for Belgian goods. Iron ore comprised a large

percent of the imports, with foodstuffs also important, and on the other hand France offered a market for almost every form of Belgian merchandise,
CD IM

II. Commercial Policy.

63

The commercial policy of Belgium was influenced or dominated by the basic economy of the country - that of transforming and manufacturing. It

placed emphasis on the problem of exporting in sufficient quantities in order to purchase foreign raw materials, and also, when commercial treaties were

concerned, on questions involving supplies of commodities not produced or produced in insufficient quantity within the country. In another sense, Belgian

commercial policy was based on the principle of maintaining production costs at the lowest possible level and of encouraging such imports as would provide materials for eventual exports. Under these circumstances, Belgium was tra-

ditionally a free or relatively free-trade country. Prior to World War I, fiscal revenue, import duties were nominal and assessed only for

without any effort to protect domestic industry, or for safe-

guarding the Belgian interest when dealing with other countries and combating excessive imports arising from dumping. The customs law under which Belgium had been operating dated, with modifications and revisions, back to 1861, During 1924, a new customs law was

passed which in one sweep placed procedure on an entirely different basis. Under the new law two tariff schedules were established - a minimum and maximum in place of simply the one tariff basis of 1861. The minimum schedule

was for ordinary commercial relations, while the second or maximum schedule was to be used as an instrument of protection in dealing with certain countries. Authorization was also given under the law to establish compensatory case of export premiums granted by other countries.

taxes or duties in

Immediately at the close of World War I there was the question of not only resuming commercial relations with former enemies but the establishment of commercial intercourse with new nations. Likewise, the resumption of

foreign activities with its allies in the. face of altered world economic condiS
10

tions.

It

involved not only the negotiation of broad treaties of amity and

64 -

commerce, but also agreements of a more specific, and frequently provisional, nature as exemplified by the trade agreement signed between the United States and Belgium in 1935. The first treaty after World War I was signed with Poland in 1922. Count-

ing those which were in effect prior to 1918, Belgium by 1938 had 26 broad treaties of commerce with foreign countries. All commercial treaties embraced

the unconditional most-favored-nation treatment, although the field of application of this clause and its working varied according to the individual treaty. Between the two wars, the old foundation on which the commercial policy had been based sustained various shocks from peculiar circumstances in the adjustment period and was forced to adapt itself to altered conditions. conditions included the economic depression, currency manipulation, devaluation, and dumping of foreign merchandise. These

currency

For the first time in Bel-

gian economic history it was considered expedient during the 30's to apply quotas and contingents as a means of protecting the country against excessive imports, or as a means of safeguarding certain industries which had become stagnant through obstructions in the customary export channels. In all the economic difficulties and adjustments of the years preceding World War II, Belgium did not institute any regulations which restricted payments to foreign countries for imports, but at the same time it was obliged by the action of other countries to become party to a number of clearing agreements with foreign countries. The first was with Hungary in 1922. Like most

of the others which followed, the arrangement was bilateral and included the obligation of the importer of foreign merchandise to make deposit in Belgian currency with the National Bank for all purchases made. In order to maintain so far as possible the country's normal trading position during the world depression, and,to a certain extent, to protect domestic

- 65 -

activity, the Belgian Government entered, beginning in 1934, into contingent or quota accords, which supplemented the commercial treaties then in effect. The arrangements were frequently of short duration and were gradually replaced in certain instances by other accords better adapted to new necessities of the countries concerned. From time to time various export syndicates were organized by industrial organizations independent of the Government for the extension of sales to certain countries. III. Domestic Commerce and Trade Promotion. Belgium was a nation which catered to the rights of the individual or small tradesman. The small shop keeper handling one class of goods was the

rule, and the American system of an establishment or store selling "everything under the sun" was unpopular. It was only in the thirties that the Belgian

Government began to study seriously the various retail problems of domestic commerce. vailed. The growth of large-scale production and merchandising, combined with cooperative group movements after World War I caused much discontent and financial loss among certain groups of middle-class (small) traders. Large Prior to that decade the system of laissez faire more or less pre-

scale units were able to secure economies and efficient operation which were. denied smaller traders. The situation was favorable to consumers, but in a

country like Belgium where smaller shops and operators have always been numerous that very substantial part of the population found itself in a difficult position. Finally, a ministerial decree of September 8, 1936, created a commission to study the problems of retail trade in general and principally the complaints of small shop keepers against chain stores. Following extensive studies and

66-

discussions, Parliament passed a law in 1938 providing for an "Institut d'Etude Economique et Sociale des Classes Moyennes" to study medium and small industries, traders, and artisans working on their own initiative and lacking any substantial capital structure. Under the law the institute operated under a contribution from the State and also from different groups as well as private individuals who were interested or connected with its activities. It was administered by a council In practical The extraor-

of ten members and headed by a director, all named by the King. operations it was supervised by the Ministry of Economic Affairs.

dinary conditions brought on by the disturbed political affairs after Munich and then the war makes it institute's work. impossible to evaluate the material results of the

Installment Selling-Retail trade on the installment plan, though introduced in Belgium in 1908, was not popular, partly because the earnings of the Belgian middle and

lower classes at that time were so small that their expenditures were restricted to the bare necessities of life. After World War I, however, the purchasing power of the Belgian masses

was increased considerably, and many firms adapted the credit system known locally as the "hire-purchase system", with some success in the beginning. faulty business technique, lack of experience, insurance underwriters, field. Government Agencies for Trade Promotion-The Belgian Government commercial office was created in 1882 under the name of "Musee Commercial" and was managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 10' But

and the absence of finance and

caused most of these firms later to withdraw from the

67 -

Its object was to aid Belgian commerce and industry by exhibiting in its offices and by attracting the Belgian manufacturers and exporters attention to a variety of products sold by competitors on foreign markets. On November 8, 1935, a committee of thirteen was organized by a ministerial decree to broaden the domestic market for Belgian goods. Its object

was to make recommendations to the Minister of Economic Affairs for the expansion of Belgian products through expositions and to acquaint the Belgian consumer with the quantity of domestically produced goods, especially with wares

similar to those of foreign origin which had heretofore dominated the market. Chambers of Commerce existed in every city of any size in Belgium. They,

however, were not so much interested in trade promotion as they were in the protection of the interests of local industries and trade and in the settlement of trade disputes. Trade promotion efforts on the part of chambers, as

carried on in the United States, were practically unknown in Belgium and were not considered as a direct part of the functions of the chamber. Various industrial organizations existed for trade promotion. The most

powerful was known as the Comite Central Industriel de Belgique, a group of Belgian manufacturers.

oN

68

Appendix A ListofSomeincalFirmsin Various Belgian industries

Sik ufacturers fabris) Bellegeineche Zijdeweverij (S. A.), Bellegheu. Bertrand Seeuws en Cie (N. V.), Peteghein-Deynze. De Buysschere Freres, 416 rue d'Ath prolong'e, Renaix. De Clercq Leon & Cie (S. A. Tissage de Soieries), rue de Gand, Deynze. De Clercq & (S. A. Ninove. De Jaegher & Fils, rue de la Gare, 12, Courtrai. Delacroix (S. A. Etablissemients Adoiphe,,, rue des Jones, 5, Renaix. Deighust 0. & Cie, Renaix. Donza (S. A.), rue Kalkhof', Deynze. Durineland (N. V.), 33-35, Kouterstraat, Lokeren. Eolienne (S. A.), rue du Cerf, 43, Alost. Fabrique bruxelloise de soierie (S.A.), rue de Laeken, 88-90, Bruxelles. Filatures et Tissages de et a Ath (S. A.). Geeraert R., rue de l'Angle, 2, Bruxelles. La Flandre (S. A. Tissage), Sweveghemn. Lagrange J. et F., rue de la Station, Deynze. La Thouroutoise et les Etablissements Albert Benoit Reunis (S. A.) rue Gallait, 54, Bruxelles. Lechien iEdgard & Cie, quai de Brabant 56, Charleroi. Nelen-Delbeke, rue du Chateau; Destelbergen. V.), Fievestraat, 28, Gent. Nieuwland (N. Plahiers E., rue dui Ruisseau, 4 a 8, Renaix. Pol'liet Octave, chaussee de Gand, Eyne. Ravyse & Cie, chaussee de Gand, Deynze. Rubania (S. A.), rue Nestor Dej.iere, 27, Bruxelles. Sataver (S. A.), Mouscron. Sofilaine (S. A.), rue du Tragel, 11, Ninove, bureaux: rue de la Caserne, 33, Bruxelles. Textilia (S. A.), Oostmnoer-7aerschoot. Tissages d'Axnougies (S. A.), Place, 2, Amnougies. Tissages & Apprets de Soieries (S. A.), 27, rue\\des Grands Cannes, Bruxelles. Van Butsele Freres, rue de la Pierre-Bleus, Renaix. Van Obost-De Cordier E., rue du Chateau, 22, Renaix. Vinois-Moreau ( S. A. Jean), Grand'Place, Ellezelles. Nalburg (S. A.), chaussee d'Anvers, 165, Saint-Nicolas (Taes). Zijdeniuaatschappij (N. V.), Belleghem.

8tablissenents),

Rayon and Cellulose Twool Manufacturers Union de Fabriques des Textiles Artificiels. (3 plants), Tubize, Obourg-lez-Mdons, Alost, Ninove, Anderlecht,
Ecaussines, Schooten,

Zwynaarde.

Societe Belge de Fibranne "iFabelta"l, Brussels. .. < xg>

-6.9

Rayon and Cellulose Wool

arufactures (Continued)

Le Lanital Beige (S. A.), Auvaing. Les Textiles Reunis, Brussels. Louis de Wael & o., Renaix. S. A. Lissages d'Amougies, Amouiez-les-Renaix.. Les Fabriques de Soie Artificielle dtObourg, Obourg. Fabrique de Soje Artif'icielle de Tubize, Brussels. Motorcycles Brondoit (S. A. Anciens Etablissemnents), rue du Crucifix, 361, Herstal. Carlier A.-J., 10, rue de la Prairie,. Courtrai. Fabrique Nationale d.'Annes de Guerre (S. A.), Herstal. Gillet (S. A. Ateliers), rue Hayeneus, ."46, Herstal. Lady (S. A. Motos), avenue de la Sante, 28, Sinte-Mariaburg-lez-Anvers. Mondiale (S. A.), avenue de Schaerbeek, 49, Vilvorde. Sarolea (S.A. Maison), rue Saint-Lambert, 336, Herstal.. Van Geert Maurice, Usines Rush, rue Jacques Bassemn, 27-29,:.Auderghem. Van Stappen (S. A. des Usines Freedy)., 27-29, rue du Tir, Liege.. Side-Cars Gillet (S. A. Ateliers), rue Hayeneux, 546, Herstal. Gramnre G., Belgian Side-cars, rue Goswin, 43, Li~ge. Sarolea (S. A. Maison), rue Saint-Lamnbert, 336, Herstal. Leather Shoes Ameye Freres (S.A. Etablisseinents), rue Notre-Dane, 32, Iseghem. Baert Freres & Soeurs, rue du Tremble, Renaix. Belgica (S. A. Manufacture de chaussures)., avenue Van Volxera, 284, Forest. Bettens Jules, rue des Allies, 34, Forest. Bonsang Freres & Soeur,. rue Jardon, 43-45, Herve.

Bral-Donego

Fr., rue Basse, Iseghen.:

Brohee A. & Cie, rue Pensee, 13, La Bouverie. Chaulux (S.A.), 120 rue de Paris, Hal.. Coopians A., chaussee d'Herenthout, 53, Herenthals. Coopmans-Docx Joseph, rue du Vicomte, 68-71, Herenthals. Cornez Philibert, rue de Paturage,, 61, Wasines.. Couillier Am., boulevard Poincar6 , 76, Brussels. Courtin & Destrebecq, 19-20, rue Albert Ier, Peruwelz. Couvreur J., Exnelghem. Croquet Joseph, rue Baudoin, Eugies. Crutzen Freres, avenue du Jardin Ecoole , .14, Dison. Crutzen (S. A. Etablissements Nicolas) ,rue des Fabriques,, 28, Verviers. Daisy, Utahi & Cie (S. Cve Le Classique),, rue de. la Boule, Paturages. D'Anvers Freres, quai du Ponton, I,Gand. De Beul M.& Enfants, Hertshagestraat, 23, Aalst., De Bo, Lucien, rue du Tremble, 23, Renaix. De Busschere Freres & Soeurs (S. A. Anciens Etabhissements), rue de Bruges, 27, Ardoye.

170

Leather Shoes (Continued) De Coene & Cie (S. A.), Iseghem. Defauw Freres, Iseghem. Dehon Florent, rue de l'Industrie, 4, La Bouverie. Dekinipe-Latoure J., rue de Gand, 56, Iseghem. Delanrnoy Armnand, rue du Prev~t, 65, Brussels. Denis Leon, avenue de Waterloo, 19, Charleroi. Deru P & A., rue Trauty, 48, Dison. Desclee G., rue Gray, 122, Brussels. D'Haens- Aeert Fr., chaussee de Gand, 132, Alost. Diederen Prosper, Framneries. Driegelinck & Van Beylen (S. A.), rue de la Procession, Iseghem. Dupont Freres, rue de 'Itndustrie,La Bouverie. Elite (S. A. Beige Manufacture de Chaussures), avenue Van Volxemu, 290, Forest. iEscaut-Dendre (S. A.), Termnonde. Fosselle (S. Ove Etablisseruents), chaussee de Gand, 128, Alost. Franis Fils (S. A. Manufacture de Chaussures), avenue Van Volxemn, 304, Forest. Gilbert Francois, boulevard de la Revision, 84, Brussels. Hirondelle (S. A. Chaussures), avenue Van Volxemu, 298, Forest. Hoogstoel Jules, Impasse Saint-Jackques, 16, Brussels. Hurard Fernand, rue du Gravier, 38, Vaux-sous-Chevreiont. Iseghemnsche Schoerinakers (S. Cve), Iseghem. Janssen (S. A. Anciens Etablissements), rue de Belgrade, 9, Brussels. Jemine Corneil, rue Neuve, 64, Dison. Kisteman Charles, rue Clenent XIV, 29, Andrimnont. La Chaussure (S. A. Couapagnie Franco-Belge), rue Berthelot, 50, Brussels-Midi. La Gracieuse (S. A. M~anufacture de Chaussures de luxe), rue de Menin, 85, Iseghemn. La Rose (S. A. Anciens Etablissements), rue Pierre Decoster, 92, Forest. Lec:lcrcq Fernand, rue d'H~urtebise, 10, Binche. Lienard Freres (S. A.)., 86-92, rue Achille tUrbain, La Bouverie. Lorquet & Crutzen, rue Longue, 21, Dison.
Mornard L., rue de Dison, 100-102,

Petit-Rechain.

Musin Freres & Cle, 157, avenue de la Belle Maison, Paturages. Narssens-Sabbe C., rue de la Princesse, 54, Emrelgein. Pattern-Vandenberghe Joseph, rue de Courtrai, 79, Thielt. Perfect (S. A. Manufacture de Chaussures), rue du Cheinin de Per, 109, Cuesmes. Piron-Heyman. Rene, rue de Nazareth, 76, Alost. Regnier L. & A. Freres, rue Bara, 109-111, Anderlecht. Rex (S. A. Chaussures), 61, rue David, Verviers. Seheque (Vve A.), 230, rue Grande, Paturages. Sempernova ( S. A. La), rue de la Station, 24, Wretteren. Sipaca (S. A.), 240b, chaussee de Ninove, Brussels. Snoeys J. & Cle (N.V. Schoenfabriek), Nieuwstraat, 26-28, Herenthals. Societe Generale Cooperative, Micheroux. Sport Supreina Shoe (S. A.), rue de Waelhem, 68, Brussels.0 Staes Cyrille & Werbrouck Freres, rue de la Station, 27, Iseghemn. Steenhaut Prosper, avenue Van Volxemn, 284-286, Forest. Stern Jules, rue Bara, 75, Brussels-Midi.

.. '71

Leather Shoes

(Continued)

Stoquart-Dasprernont (a. A. Manufacture de Chaussures), La Bouverie, Strynckx-Belaen Va., rue de Roulers, 81, Iseghemu. Tanghe Cyrille & Fils, rue de Gand, 35, Iseghem. Thas Francois, Schellebelle, Thirister Antoine, rue Nicol.as Arnold, 82, Petit-Rechain. Tous saint & Pouplard, avenue Wielenians Ceuppens, 39 et 39a, Brussels. Troxquet Henri, rue Renkin, 48, Verviers, Union (S. A. Manufacture de Chaussures), rue des 5 Chemins, 75, imielghen. Vanden Berghe, Freres, quai de 1)Industrie, 2, Iseghem. Vandenbossche Abel, rue de Biseau, 8, Binche. Vanderbiest & Cie (S. A.), IKrekelmnotestraat, 18, iseghem. Vanderhaaghen J., rue du Compas, 33, Brussels, Vander Vee-Planckaert Jacques, a116e des Coininicains, 51, Lierre. Vandommele Freres boulevard Albert, Iseghern. Van Doorselaer Freres & Soeurs, Hoek, 19, Schellebelle. Vanhilst (S. A. Chaussures), H~renthals. Van Lierde (Veuve Adoiphe), rue de Brussels, 124, Hal. Van Marcke Frreres, rue du Croissant, 14, ,Brussels. Van Renterghem H., chausse'e de Terrnonde, 178, Alost. Vansteenkiste Liissiaen, rue Traversiere, 29-31, Iseg'hen. Victoria (S. A. Fabrique de chaussures), Hoegaerde. Wanet-Decoster Guil laune, rue de Malines, 146, Louvain.

Note:-- Many other firms manufacture special types of footwear, such as pumps, sandals, slippers, espadrilles, tennis shoes, overshoes, etc.

Manufacturers of Jute Yarn Andries & Brijs (S. A. Anciens Etablissements), Tamise. Bergendries (S. A. Usines Reunies), A116e .Verte, Lokeren. Blancquaert (S.A. Jules), chaussee de Gand, Lokeren. Carlier Maurice, rue St-Hubert, 43, Roulers. Cock (S. A.Usines Gonzales), Lokeren. Dacca (S. A.), rue du Chateau, 82, Tamise. De & Rothlisberger (S. A. des Anciens Etablissenents), boulevard d'Akkergemn, 119, Gand.

"Waele

-72

Manufacturers of Jute Yarn.

(Continued)

Flandria (S. A.), Saint-Gilles-lez-Termuonde. Gallet (S. A. Anciens Etablissemuents Robert), rue d~u Seigle, 2, Gand. Goossens Freres, Zele. Janssens Freres, Beriaere-lez-Termonde. Jiute Industry (S. A.), Ingeitnunster. Jutoisehoularienne (S. A.), rue A. Rodenbach, 42, Roulers. La Lys (S. A. de), quai de la Lys, 110, Garid. Lokeroise (S. A. La), Lokeren. Lokersche Spinnerij (S. A.), Lokeren. Manila (S. A.), Allee Verte, 264, Gand. Morel-Verbeke (S. A. Anciens Etablissernents), rue de la Lys, 22, Gand. Orlayt s Spinnerijen (S. A.), Tainise. Vanden Berghe Gustave, Berlaere-lez-Termonde. Van der Eecken & Cie (S. A.), Zele. Jute Fabrics and Manufactures thereof Barbier & Verbrugge (S. A. Etablissernents), Meulebeke. Calcutta (S. A.), Sleydinge. Corderie & Tissage Franco-Belge (S. A.), 57, rue du Prince Albert, Mont-Saint-Ainand. D'Hondt Leon & Cie, Lauwe. Dumont- yckhuyse, Henri, rue Verriest, 34, Roulers. Gernay-Delbecque, Waereghem. Goossens Freres, Zele. India Jute Company (S. A.), 2ecloo. Neirynck-Holvoet (S. A.), rue de la Station, Lendelede. iWaereghem (S. A. de et a*). iittock-Van Landeghemn (S. A. Etablissements), Tamuise. Calcutta (S. A.) Sleydinge. Claessens (Veuve Victor) & Claessens Armand, W4aereghemu. Gernay-Delbecque, T aereghen. India Jute Company (S. A.), Eecloo. Jutoise de et'a Harlebeke (S. A.). Neyrin~kx-Holvoet (S. A.), rue de la Station, Lendelede. Parmnentier & Cie, rue de Laeken, 48,Brussels. Van moulders (Veuve G.) & Fils, Eremnbodegem. VWaeregheni (S. A. de et a). Z~1oise (S. A. La), Zele. Barbier & Verbrugge (S. A. Etablissements), Meulebeke. Bergendries (S. A. Usines), Alle-Verte, Lokeren. Caesens (S. A. des Usines Jules), Zele. Calcutta (S. A.) Sleydinge. Cornbes M. en J., Cuernestraat, 155, Lendelede. Coppieters (S. A. des Anciens Etablissements Odilon), Zele. Corderie & Ficelleries Mecaniques "tLe Lis" (S. A.), Hammre. Dassonville P., rue d'Ypres, 24-26*, Dottignies-Saint-Leger. Delys (S. A. Etablissements J.), chaussee de M"reulestede, 439, Gand. Dumuont-Wykchuyse Henri, rue Hugo Verriest, 34, Roulers.. Franco-Belge du Jute (S. A.), avenue de Bavay, 110, Vilvorde. Goossens Freres, Zele. India Jute Company, (S. A.), Eecloo.

75 -

Jute Fabrics and Lvianufactures thereof (Continued) Jutoise de et A. Harlebeke (S. A.). Le Lis (S. A.), rue Haute, 15, H-amme. Muylle Georges, rue Saint-Amand, 35, Roulers. Neirynck-Hoilvoet A.), rue de la Station, Lendelede. Pardou-Duthoo, rue de itAgriculture, 44, Loulers. Phormiun (S. A.), Zele. Van de Vyvere (N. V. ;ierijen), Evangeliestraat, 76, liamie. Veranneman-Brutsaert C., rue du Tissage, Roulers. Vetex (N. V.), 71, Veldstraat, Kortrijk. W'aereghem (S. A. d~e et a). Zeelsche W^everij (S. A.), Kouter, 103, Zele. Zeloise (S. A. La), ZeIle. Bergendiries (S. A. Usines Reunies), Lokeren. Calcutta (S. A.), Sleydinge. Goossens Freres, Zele. India Jute Company (S. A.), 2Eecloo. Baertsoen & Buysse (S. A. iEtablissenients), chaussee de Termonde, 374. Gand. Barbier & Verbrugge (S. A. Etablissements), Meulebeke.

'(S.

Calcutta (3. A.),

Sleydinge.

Coppens Felix, boulevard Pierre Tack, 3, Courtrai. De Kien & Fils (3. A. Leonard), quai de l'Industrie, 4, Courtrai. Roulers. Durnont-Wyckhuyse India Jute Company (S. A.), Eecloo. La Flandre (S. A. Tisage), Sweveghem. Neyrinck-H~olvoet (S. A.), rue de la Station, Lendelede.

Ii.,

Pardou-Duthoo,

rue de l'Agriculture, 44, Roulers.

Parmnentier & Cie, rue de Laeken, 48, Brussels. Rey Aine (S. A.), rue Fosse-aux-Loups, 28, Brussels. Seynaeve Arthur-M., rue de la Station, Oost-Roosebeke.
Tissage de et

Maldeghen (S. A.). 'a

Tombeux J. & Fils, rue du Saint-Esprit, 23, Courtrai. Bergendiries (S. A. Usinies Reunies), Lokeren., Calcutta (S. A.), Sleydinge. Gernay-Delbecque, Waereghen. India Jute Company (S. A.), Eecloo. Jutoise de et a.Harlebeke (S. A. La). La Flandre (S. A. Tissage), Sweveghem. Pardou-Duthoo, rue de i'Agriculture, 44, Roulers. Taereg~iem (S. A. de et a). Carpets and Tapestries Delhaize freres & Cie (S. A. Etablissements), Brughes-Saint-Pierre. Baurain-Manoy, avenue J.-B. Charbo, 31, Brussels. Bouix Lucien, place des Martyrs, 15, Brussels. Bouy (S. A. Etablissements), 20, place Van Hougaerde, Brussels. Chaudoir Georges, rue des Ailes, 56, Brussels. Guillon & Puls (S. A. Etablissements veuve S.), avenue de la Toison d'Or, 69, Brussels. Le Tapis (S. A.), 109, chaussee de Ruysbroeck, Forest-lez-Brussels.

.74 Carpets and Tapestries (Continued) Schnoeck M1., rue Emnile Banning, 22, Brussels. Algemeene Fluweelweverij (N.V.), Veldstraat, 7, Courtrai. Boillot & Amel oot, Saint-Genois-lez-Courtrai. De Jaeger & Fils,* rue de la Gare, 12, Courtrai. Destombes Jean, quai de I'Industrie, 9, Courtrai. Dewitte-Lietaer (S. A. Tissage), Lauwe-lez-Courtrai.

Etvelor

(S. A.), Deerlijk-lez-Courtrai.

Lanucour (S. A. Maniuf. Courtraisienne de Tissus), Haineau

It Hooghe,

Courtrai.
Mathys freres, Vichte-lez-Courtrai. Sagaert freres et Cie, rue des Horticulteurs, 21, Courtrai. Van de iiele A., rue de Sweveghern, 142, Courtrai. Van Honsebrouck Freres, Ingelinunster. Bergendries (S. A. Usines Fheunies), Allee Verte, Lokeren. Beel~aerts Jean, rue Louise, 18, Malines. Braquenie & Cie (Manufacture Royale de Tapisserie), 20, rue Stassart, Malines. De 'it Gaspard, rue du Sac, 18-24-26, Malines. Gade F~. S., rue liembend, Malines. Geets, 22, rue NotreDamne, Malines. Coodacre, illiari & Sons, Ltd, Canal de Geerdeghen, 86, Malines. Industrie, 45, Malines. Textilose (S. A.. Manufacture Beige de), rue de l' Van De Velde Joseph, quai Winket, 18, Malines. Renodeyn Is., rue des Maures, 36, Gentbrugge, Gand. Royal Aaninster (S. A.Manuf. de tapis), Coupure, 4, Gand. The Fezzan Co. (S. A.), chaussee de Brussels, 221, Gand. Boutens Albert, Hanxe. Boutens Theo, Meulenbroeck, 20, Hamrne. De Jonghe & Cie (S. Coop.), Drij Gotenstraat, Haimne. De Jonghe N. & Tilley L., Hammne. De Voider Fernand, Hamme. Flanders Mats Works (S. A.), Hamme. Harnnoise (S. A. La), Hainne. Keuler H. F., Harnre. La Durrne (S. A. IEtablissements), rue du Nord, Hammie. Le Lis (S. A.), rue Haute, 15, Hamine. Mat en Tapijtweverij (S. A.), Hamne. Moens Van Haute (Vve Cesar), $0, rue du Drap, Hamnme. Orienta (S. A. Manuf. de Tapis), Hamnie. Van Damure 13. Pere et Fils, Hamine. Van Haute Goossens, Joseph, Harnie. Van Hlaver (S. A. Etablissenments P. B.), rue Haute, 28, Harnme. Verbeke Edmond (Etablissements), Harnie. Vereecken-Boutens, rue du Drap, 23, Harnxe. Yser (Societe 1'), a.Harnme-Zogge, Hamme.

Deman-Versaeyel

E.,

111, rue de Gand, Mouscron.

Masurel Felix fils, rue de Rolleghen, 27, Mouscron. Modern Tapis (S. A.), Mouscron. Moulin & Verniers, Mouscron. Tapis et couvertures (Manufacture franraise de) (S. A.), a Mouscron.4 rue Curial, 29, Luingne, sous Con . Van Neste J., IL, Belgian Mat Works (S. A.), Overpelt.

75..

Carpets and Tapestries (Contiznued)

BPiggewian 4S. A. Tissage), chaussee d'Anvers, 1i, Saint-.Nicolas-Waes. CoN10 & Van Buyter (s. An"c. Etablisseraents), rue de l'Abattoir, 6 A.
Saint-Nicoas -t aes .

Denys & Co. ( . A. Anc. iFtablissernents), rue de la Regence, 27, $aintNicolas-Waes. D.ewael & Co., L. Driekoningenstraat, Saint-Nicolas-saes. La Carpette (S. A.), 166, rue des Trois RZois, Saint-Nicolas-Wbaes. Iideert (6. A. ,tablissernents 3d.), rue de 1'Agneau, 119, Saint-Nicolas.a es . Peeters-Van Haute & Duyver (S.A. Aric. fStablissentents), rue Zaman, Saint-Nicolas-Waes. Peeters Van Roye (3. A. Etablisserents), rue des Tilleuls, Saint-Nicolasmiaes.
Tissages reunas viaesiand

(6.A.),

rue des Tilleuls,

Saint-Nicolas-Wiaes.

Van Bel-Bruwiere (Tissage Leon), rue de 'Meester, 24, Saint-Nicolas-Vraes. Van Haver-Vandevelde (S. A. Anc. :Ftablissernents), rue de 1'Abattoir,

Saint-Nicolas-Waes .
Verbrugge Freres (S. A.), boulevard Leopold II, Saint-Nicolas-Wass. Van Eerdenbrugh (S. A. Etabli sser~ents H.), Stekene-W4aes, Saint-NicolasW'iaes. Marchand & 3tichelrnans (S. A. 3tab2Assenients), 4, rue Frans Van Schoor, Saint-Gilles-Lez-Termonde. A. ilford (S. Etablisseaents William, Saint-Gilles-Lez-Termnonde. Jacobs Jos. H., avenue de Schaerbeek, 244, Vilvorde. Van Eyck John, Waesmunster. Van Hoorick (S. A. Anc. Etabissements), Waesrunster. Manufacture des Tapis de Westerloo, Etablissements V. S. Guillon & Fils (S. A.), Westerloo. Franco-Belge de Tapis (S. A. Manufacture), Weveighem.

Artificial Wool De Nayer (S. A. P.-.F.), Lebbeke.

Lamnbiotte & Cie, rue des

Franchiinontois,

102-106,

Andrimiont.

Roernaet & Vandenhende, rue d'Ath, 12, Renaix. Leclercq V. et fils, rue des Franchiiuontois, 16, Andriniont. Textose Continentale .(S. A.), Lebbeke.

Wool and

Wool Waste

Bruxelloise des Chiffons (S. A.), rue des Aniciens E~tangs, Brussels. Bormnan C., rue Neuve, 4, Dison. Bragard J., avenue de Spa, 33, Verviers. A. De Nayer (s. P.-F.), Lebbeke. Despa (S. A. Constant), Theux. Despa Freres, Bethane-Dolhain. Duvivier & Cie, rue IRenonpr 4 , 118, Verviers. E~upener Textilwerke (S. A.), Htltte, 34, Eupen. Hauzeur-Gerard Fils, rue Fernand Houget, 14, Verviers. Kirschgens Aug., Hergenrath. Lainiere de Gand, i'ue des Pretres, 15, Gand.

76

Wool

and :pool

Waste

(Continued )

Lambotte & Cie, rue des Franchirnontois, 102-106, Andrinont. Lang J., rue de 1'Invasion, 155, Verviers. Lavoir & Carbonisage de~a Doihain (S. A.) Leclercq V. & Fils, rue des Franchiinontois, 16, Andrimont. Legein E.-Moerman, Roulers. Lernaitre & Cie (S. A.), Ensival-lez-Verviers. Louis (S.A. Auguste), Verviers-Quest. Maroquinerie Nationale (S. A. la), Peruwelz. Martens Nestor, Zulte. Peltzer & Fils (S. A.), (Delainage Vervietois, Renoupre. Peltzer & Cie (S. A.), rue D~avid, 100, Verviers. Pirotay (S. A. Btablisseinents), rue Beau-Jardin, 6, Bnsival. Roemaet & Vandenhende, rue d' Ath, 12, Renaix. Schmitz, Jacques & Co., 21, rue de la Grappe, Verviers. Serpe Jean Fius, Juslenville. Simnonis (S. A. Iwan), Verviers. Solvent Beige (S. A. Le), rue de l'Invasion, Verviers. Vanbreuze (S. A. Aniciens i'tablissenients), rue du.Faubourg, 7, BrusselsNord. Voos Francois, rue du Lirnbourg, 69-85, Verviers-Est. tiaelens-Gilbert E. & Fils, Moustier-lez-Frasnes. Bornmnan C., rue Neuve, 40, Dison. De Nayer (S. A. P.-F.), Lebbeke. Lambotte & Cie, rue des Franchimontois, 102-106, Andriniont. Leclercq V. et fils, rue des Franchimontois, 16, Ancdriniont. Legein-ioermnan E., Roulers. Rayp Gaston, rue Wilson, 30, Dolhain. Roernaet & Vandenhende, Edelaere-Audenarde. Vanbreuze (S. A. Anciens IEtablissernents), rue du Faubourg, 7, BrusselsNord. Wtaelens-Gilbert E. & Fils, Mloustier-lez-Frasnes. Belgosudani (S. A. Lainiere), Verviers. Hauzeur-Gerard Fils, rue Fernand H-ouget, 10, Verviers. Lainiere (S. A. La), rue du Pont, 64, Verviers. Loth (S. A. de et a). Peignage de et a Eecloo (S. A.). Peignage de Lamnes de et a Hoboken (S. A.). Peltzer & Fils (S. A.), rue David, 100, Verviers. Pirnay (S. A. Etablissernents), rue Beau-Jardin, 4, Ensival. Siinonis (S. A. Iwan), Verviers. Vesdre (S. A. La), Verviers. W76ol Linings. Cushions and Mattresses

Faut Freres (S. A. Anciens Etablisseinents), rue Saint-Joseph, 9, Brussels. Lainiere Bruxelloise (La), rue de Moorsiede, 95, Brussels. Lain~re de Gana (S. A. La), rue des Pretres, 15, Gand. Lainiere Moderne (S.'A. La), Peruwelz. Maroquinerie Nationale (S.. A. La), Peruwelz. Minon & File, Rance. Rayp Gaston, rue Wilson, 30, Doihain.
C.

-717 yiool Linings, Cushions and Mattresses (Continued) Renrnotte Freres et Soeur (S. A. Etablisseiuents), chaussee de Mons, 26, Brussels. Semnal (S. A. des Ujsines Einile), Nivelles. Tannerie & Maroquinerie Belges (S. A.), Saventheu. Textiles & Filatures (S. A.), rue de la Loi, 37, Brussels. WolToMaers (Carding and Combing) Carders: Bastin Freres & Cie, rue de Renoupre, 14, Verviers. Benselin--:inor, Grand-Re chain. Bonvoisin M., File, rue Hubert Halet, I, Cornesse.-Pepinster. Cambier & Vanden Hende, Eyne. Chapuis (S. A. Les Filatures), rue de la Regence, 14, Verviers. Delforge T., rue Saint-Jean, 30, Dison. Delhez, Richelle & Cie, rue Le~opold, 8, Dison. Denonty (S. A.) Anciens Etablissemnents B.), rue Neuve, 75, Dison. Deru-Simus (S. A.), rue Tivoli, 16-24, Verviers. Dolhain (S. A. Filature de), rue de Goe, Dolhain. Domken Freres (S. A. Anciens Etablisseinents), rue Sorrrneville, 67, Verviers. Eecloo (S. A. de et a). E~nsival (S. A. Filatures de et a) Eupener Textilwerke (S. A.)., Hutte, 34, Elupen. Filature d'Olne (S. A.), Nessonvaux. Hanlet J. & N., rue de la Chapelle, 62, Verviers. Hauzeur P. Fils aine'& Cie (S. A.), rue de Verviers, 41, Ensival. Hauzeur--Gerard File, rue Fernand Houget, 19, Verviers. Lainiere des Flandres (S. A.), Ruznbeke. Lainiere de Sclessin (S. A. La), rue Ernest Solvay, Sciessin et rue Bonnevie, 35, Brussels. Lainiere de et a.Sterrebeek (S. A.). La N8 (S.A.), rue de La No, Pepinster. Pepinster (S. A.). La Textile de et a. Le Carde (S. A.), Dolhain. Le Fil Carde (S. A.), Juslenville. Lejeune Leon, rue du Gymnase, 33, Verviers. Loupart & Cie (S. A. Filature Oscar), rue d'Andrimuont, 16, Dison. Moxhet Eugene, rue Auguste Dupont, 4, Ensival. Peeters & Vandenbroeck (S. A. Ancienne Filature), rue Mercator, 170, Saint-Nicolas (Waes). Peltzer & File (S. A.), rue David, 96, Verviers. Petit J.-J., rue des Messieurs, 39-41, Verviers. Pirnay (S. A. Etablissernents), rue Beau-Jardin, 4, Ensival. Ransy-Simar (S. A. Filature), rue Neuve, 37, Pepinster. Rtoemuaet & Vandenhende, Edelaere-lez-Audenaerde. Roos, Geerinckx & De Nayer (S. A. Usines), Alost. Royal Axinster (S. A.), Juslenville (Theux).Schillings (S. A. Filature P.-H.), Dolhain-Verviers.

Sinionis y(S, A. Iwan), rue de Linibourg, 39, Verviers.

'aste (S. A. IEtablissements J.), Eupen. Textose Continentale (S. A.), Lebbeke.

78

WolTop Makers (Continued) (Carding and Combing) Van Damnie (3, A. lEtablisseiuents A.), chaussee de Thielt, 18, JEecloo., Van Dooren Louis, rue du Moulin, 6, Moll. Voo~s J.-J., rue du Canal, 4, Verviers. Combers:Australia (S. A.), rue de l'Instruction, 126, Brussels. D'Aoust Freres (S..A. Etablissements), rue Bollinckx, 13, Anderlecht. Dupont H. & J., rue de Conde, 27, Leuze. Ensivaloise (S. A. L'), rue de l'Abattoir, Ensival. Filature d~e Lamnes Peignees (S. A. pour la), rue As Poids, 6, Tournai, Gosse & Fils, Peruwelz. Herseautoise (S. A. La), rue de l'iEpinette, Herseaux. Kammngarnwerke (S. A.), rue de Malmedy, Eupen. La Lainiere (S. A.), rue du Pont, 64, Verviers. La Textile de et a Pepinster (3. A.). La Vesdre (S. A. Beige de Feignage et Filature de Lamnes), rue des Goujons, 154, Brussels. Le Feigns (S. A.), rue de Verviers, 30, Dison. l'Ile-Adam (S. A. de), rue Victor Beanie, Verviers. Loth (S. A. de et a). Mahieu Freres (S. A. des Etablissenients), Peruwelz.
Manufacture de Tissus (S. Voos Francois, rue de Liinbourg,

87-91, Verviers-2st.

A.), Leffe-Dinant.

MMotte & Cie (S. A. Etablissernents), rue Borneville, Mouscron. Peltzer & Fils (S. A.), rue David, 96, Verviers. Philippart (S. A. Filature), rue des Moulins, 2, Tournai. Sinionis (S. A. Iwan), rue de Libourg, 39, Verviers. Six (Etablissements Charles), rue de la Bouverie, 25, Mouscron. Sofil~aine (S. A.), rue du Tragel, 11, Ninove, bureaux: rue de la Caserne,

33, Brussels.
Textose Continentale (S. A.), Lebbeke. Vervietoise de Peignage et de Filature de Lamne (S. A.), rue de Lirnbourg, 22, Verviers. Woolen Fabrics Voos J.--J., rue du Canal, 4, Verviers. Peltzer & Fils (S. A.),'rue David, 100, Verviers. Sinionis .(S. A. Iwan), rue de Liiubourg, 39, Verviers, Bettonvil~le & Cie (S. A. Etablissernents), rue de la Chapelle, 29, Hodirnont-Verviers. A,), rue du Casino, 6, Saint-Nicolas, kruwi'ere freres & soeurs (S. Verviers, 2-4, Ensival. *Chatin J. & Co., rue de Deraedt (S. A. Tissage ), Ruyen. Eupener Textilwerke (S. A.), Htltte, 34, Eupen. Keyeux-Hauzeur Ad., rue Trauty, 53, Dison. La Dinantaise (3. A.), Dinant. Lainieres de et a Saint-Nicolas (3. A. lea Usines).b Peltzer & File (S. A.), rue David, 100, Verviers. Simnonis (S. A. Iwan), rue de Limibourg, 39, Verviers. Textile de et a Pepinster (S. A.). Van de Vyvere Francois, rue Haute, 25, Thielt. Van Haute J. & Impe F., rue duTram, 36, Thielt.

 79
Woolen Fabrics (Continued)

Van lersel freres, Moll. Allard & Cie, Braine-1'Alleud. Annicq Is., rue -de Merode, 8, Renaix. Bettonville & Cie (S. A. EtablissenLents), rue de la Chapelle, 29, Hodimont-Verviers. Bragard-Baaser Mathieu, Petit-Re chain. Bruwiere-D)ubois (S. A. des Anciens itablissernents J. et A.), rue Mercator, .48, Saint-Nicolas, (Waes ). Bruwiere Freres & Soeurs (SI. A.), rue du Casino, 6, Saint-Nicolas Cainbier & Vanden Hende, 12'yne. Chatin J.. & Cie, rue de Verviers, 2-4, 2nsival. De Graeve Georges, rue Van Hove, Renaix. de Hagen AJlb. & R. rue Victor Besme, Lanibersiont--Verviers. Delacroix (S. A. des Etabl. A.), rue des Jonces, 78, Renaix. Delf'orge T., rue Saint-Jean, 30-42, Dison. De Wael Louis & Cie, chaussee D'E~llezelles, 36, Renaix. Domken Freres (S. A. Anciens Etabl.), place Somineleville, 67, Verviers. Eecloo (S. A. de et a). Eupener Textilwerke (S. A. ), HIltte, 34, Eupen. A. Goethals-Goethals (S. Etablissexments), rue de la Station, Eecloo. Janssens's Meubeistof- en L'kenweverijen (S. A.), rue de la Bruyere, Saint-Nicolas (Waes ). Keyeux-Hauzeur Ad., rue Trauty, 53, Dison. Labis Joseph, rue de la Station, 40, Mouscron. La Dinantaise (S. A.), Dinant. Lainiere des Flandres (S. A.), rue Rodenbach, Rumnbeke. Laminens (S. A. Anciens iEtablisseraents 0.), Peteghem-lez-Deynze. Leclercq H., rue de la Chapelle, 135, Verviers. Lecloux Jean, rue du College, 92, Verviers. Lorquet Jackques & Cie, rue Beribou, 6, Hodimnont. Manufacture de Tissus (S. A..), Leffe-Dinant. Marlier (N. V. Gewezen Weverijen Eugeen), Lokeren. Noblu6 Denis, rue de Rechain, 115, Dison. Peltzer & Fils (S. A.), rue David, 100, Verviers. Petit Jean, chaussee de Heusy, 141, Verviers. Pirnay (S. A. Etablissements), rue Beau-Jardin, 4-8, Ensival. Pollet & Fils (S. A. IEtablissements Cesar & Emnile), rue de Nechin, 60, a Ternpleuve. Foot E~. & Rornnelaere EA, chaussee de Louvain, 31, Nosseghem. Poussard G., rue Longue, 45, Dison. Roufosse J. & Cie, rue Neuve, 12-14, Dison.. Sirnonis (S..A. Iwan), rue. de Lirnbourg, 39, Verviers. Societe Beige de Tissage (S. A.), place Guisset, Renaix. Textile Disonaise (S. A.), rue Neuve, 67, Dison.. Textile de et a Pepinster (S. A.) Tissage de et a Ruyen (S. A.) Van Dammne (S. A. Etablisseinents A.), Eecloo. Van Grootenbrul L.& Cie,. boulevard de la. Gare, Renaix. Van Haute J. & Imnpe F.', rue du Trai, 36, Thielt. Voos J.-J., rue du Canal,' 4, Verviers.

Pollet-Vandevyvere

J., rue de Courtrai, 12, Thielt.

me

80 -

Woolen Fabrics (Continued) Cotonniere Bruxelloise (S. A.), rue des Cornediens, 19-21, Brussels. Loth (S. A. de et A). Pollet-Vancdevyvere J. & Fils, rue du Saint-Esprit, 23, Courtrai. Tornbeux J. & Fils, rue du Saint-Esprit, 23, Courtrai. Vande Vyvere Fr., rue Haute, 25, Thielt. Van Haute J. & Impe F., rue du Tram, 36-38, Thielt. Allard & Cie, Braine-l'Alleud, Annicq Is., rue de tMerode, 8, Renaix. Bruwi~re Freres & Soeurs (S. A.), rue du Casino, 6, Saint-Nicolas ('aes). Dopchie-Dubiez A., rue du Tremble, 33, Renaix. Eupener Textilwerke (S. A.), Htktte, 34, Eupen. Lainiere de Sclessin (S. A.), rue Emn. Solvay, 400, Sclessin et rue Bonnevie, 35, Brussels. Lammens (S. A. Anciens iEtablisseinents 0.), Peteghema-lez-Deynze. Manta (S. A.), Opwijck-lez-Ternonde. Peltzer e& File (S. A.), rue Davidi, 100, Verviers.

Pollet-Vandevyvere
Gand.

J., rue de Courtrai, 12, Thielt.

Tasquin & Delhougne, rue de Lirnbourg, 31, Verviers. Van Ceulebroeck (S. A. Tissage E.), S.A.T.E.C., rue de la Concorde, 36, Van doe Vyvere Franc, rue Haute, 25, Thielt, Van Haute J. & Irripe F., rue du Tramn, 36, Thielt. Ian lersel Freres, Moll. 7inois-Moreau & Fils (S. A.), lEllezelles. Velvet (Wool) Algemeene Fluweelweverij (N.V.), Ledeghem. Allard & Co., Braine-lAlleud. Audenardaise (S. A. 1'), Bevere-Audenarde. Bovy M.*, rue du Pont Leopold, 14, Verviers. Bruwiere-Dubois (S. A. des Anciens Etablissements J. & A.), rue Mercator, 48, Saint-Nicolas (Waes), Brutwiere Freres et Soeurs (S. A.), rue du Casino, 6, Saint-Nicolas (Waes). Carabier Cyr., rue Jean de Nassau, Renaix.
Chatin Joseph & Cie, Ensival-lez-Verviers. De Gandt (S. A. Etablissernents), Dottignies.

De Graeve Georges, rue Van Hove, Renaix. Dernier Charles, rue de Messidor, 310, Saint-Gilles (Brussels). De Rudder Freres (S. A. Anciens Etablisseinents), rue Jean de Nassau, 24, Brussels. De Wael L: & Cie, chaussee d'Ellezelles, 35, Renaix. Deweer Edgard, Celles. Domken Freres (S. A. Anciens Etablissements), place Soimneleville, 67, Verviers. Eupener Textilwerke (S. A.), Htltte, 34, Eupen. Filatures de et Ath (S. A.). Halleux Alphonse, rue ax Laines, 36, Verviers. La Dinantaise (S. A.), Dinant. Lainiere des Flandres (S. A.), rue Rodenbach, Ruxlbeke.

MN

- 1-

Velvet (Continued)
Lainieres de et

Saint-Nicolas (Waes) (S. A. les Usines). Lecloux Jean, rue du College, 92, Verviers.
Manuf'acture de Tissus (S.

"a

A.), Leffe-Dinant.

Peltzer & Fils (S.A.), rue David, 100, Verviers. Polfiet Octave, chaussee de Gand, Eyne. Portois Joseph, rue de l'Elephant, 29, Renaix. Roufhsse J. & Cie, rue Neuve, 12, Dison, Saffre Fr'eres (S. A.Etablissernents), Audenarde. Simonis (S. A. Iwan),. rue de Limubourg, 39, Verviers. Textile Disonaise (S. A.), rue Neuve, 67, Dison. Textile de et a Pepinster (S. A.) Tissage de et a Deynze (S. A.) (bureaux: avenue du Midi, 52, Brussels). Tissage de Francornont, rue Francomnont, 24, Ensival. Tissage de Velours (S. A.), Achel. Tissage de Velours do Dottignies (S. A.), rue du Trieu, 2, Dottignies. Usines Textiles Reunies de Belgique (Utexbel" (S. A.), rue de la Regence I, Brussels. Vande Wiele-Henrist G., boulevard de la Station, 2, Renaix. Van Grootenbrul L. & Cie, boulevard de Ia Gare, Renaix. Van Rockeghem Freres, chaussee de Tournai, Renaix.

Cotto

anid Yarn Thread

Beernaerts (S. A. Anciens Etablissemnents Fel.ix), boulevard de ilndustrie, 298, Gand. Bouffioux L, et E., Genappe. Csaibier Cyr., rue de la Croix, 229, Renaix. Cotonniere de Braine--le-Chateau (S. A.), Mont-St-Pont. Cotonniere Brugeoise, rue Fort Lapin, 34, Bruges. Cotonniere de l'~scaut (S. A.), rue do l'BEglise, 26, Gentbrugge. Cotonniere des Flandres, rue du Chanvre, 30, Gand. Cotonniere Gantoise, rue Sans Nom, 54, Gentbrugge. Cotonniere de Terraonde, rue St-Roch, 35, Termonde. Do Coster & Rousseau, place des Chartreux, Gand. Denderlande Text ielvereeniging, Liedekerke. Do Poore, Ernest & Fils, rue St-Genois, Gentbrugge. Do Stoop Camille (Tissage & Filature), boulevard Julien Liebaert' Courtrai. Dieriuann (S. A. J. J.), rue du Jarnbon, 62, Gand. Duvieusart H., Eecloo. Filautre du Canal (S. A.), Alost, Filature du Faubourg, Berchem-lez-Audenarde.
Filature &

Filteries

Re~unies (S. A.), Alost.

coGand.

Filature de Vilvorde (S. A.), chaussee de Haren, 218, Vilvorde. Filatures et Tissages Re'unis (S. A.), Allee Verte, 247, Gand. Gevaerts & Fils (Ve Prosper), Audenarde. Hanus (S. A. Eitablissements Textiles Fernand), boulevard Britannique, 21, Gand. Henrist Richard, Eenaeme. Kortrijksche Katoenspinnerij (N.V.), Kortrijk. La Georgie (S. A. Filature de Coton), Abest. La N6 (S. A.), Pepinster. La Textile (S. Cve Association Cotonniere de Belgique), rue Savaen, 58,

-m

82

Cotton and Yarn Thread, contd. Lecluse Freres (S. A. Etablissements), Tieghem: bureaux : rue Philippe de Champagne, 23, Brussels. Lercange'e (S. A. Etablissemnents Oscar), Wetteren. Loupart Oscar & Cie (S. A. Filature), rue d'Andrihlont, 18', Dison. Renson (S. A. Filature), quaif de l'Industrie, 18, Gand. Roos, Geerinckx & De Naeyer (S. A. des Usines), quai Baudouin, Abest. Saey (S. A. Etablissements Francois), delpartement filature Leten, Beaumont. Saffe freres (S. A. Etablissements), Audenarde. Tissage de Miouscron (S. A.), rue de Luxembourg, Mouscron. Union, Robert Ramlot & Cie (S.. A.), Termonde. Usines Textiles Reunies de Belgiqjue Utexbel (S. A.) (division filterie quai Leclercq, 6, Alost). Van de Putte & Baudts, Eecloo. Vanham Fr~res, Braine-l'Alleud. Vanhain (S. A. Filature et Tressage), Braine-le-Chateau.

Van Hoegaerden-Boonen

(S. A. ancienne Filature), Ceroux-Mousty.

De Clercq & Cie (S. A. Etablissements), Ninove. De Heuvel (5, A. Etablissemnents Edxn.), rue de l'~scalier,.20, Brussels. De Mol Alfred, Ninove. Filature et Filteries Reunies (S. A.), Alost. Filterie Iiperiale d'Alost (S. A.), place Irnperiale, 23, Alost. Geerinck, Bergendries, Lokeren. Groupement des Filteries Belges, rue du Rouleau, 27-29, Brussels. Peere (S. A. Etablissements Philippe), rue de la Montagne, 28, Brussels. Poreye et Fils, rue du Pont Neuf, lla, Brussels. Stichelinans J. & File (S. A. Anciens Etablissements), Ninove. Storme Adolphe, rue de Wondelgem, 98, Gand. Textiel Vereeniging Denderland (N. V.), Liedekerke. Thys (S. A. Etablissemnent Georges), place Nouveau Marche aux Grains, 30, Brussels. Cotton Fabrics Avenir (S. A. Filature et Tissage 1'), rue du Rossignol, 7, Gand. Baert Verwee (S. A. Tissage mecanique), rue de la Gare, Sweveghem. Cotonniere Bruxelloise (S. A.), rue des Comediens, 19-21, Brussels. Denys R,emarch6 au Bdtail, I, Courtrai. De Porre & Fibs (S. A. Etablissements), rue Saint-Genois, 103, Gentbrugge. Filatures & Tissages Reunis (S. A.), Allee Verte, 247, Gand. Huysnan. A., Tissage Mecanique du Brabant, chaussee de Droogenboech, 187, Uccbe-Callevoet. La Coriandre (S. A.), rue de la Coriandre, 10, Gand. Louisiane--Texas (Coiupto~r de Vente), rue de l'Eglise, 44, Gand. Marlier (S. A. Anciens Tissages Eugene), Lokeren. Monckarnie (S. A. Nouveaux Etablissentents), rue de 1'Or, 5, GeMd. Pipyn (S. A. Anciens. Etablisemxents), rue des Cinq Vannes, 15, Gand. Suppes (S. A. Tissage Eniile), Petit Dock, 184, Gand. Textile des Flandres (S.. A.), Al1ee Verte, 247, Gaad.0 Tombeux J. & Fils, rue du St-Esprit, 23, Courtrai., Union Cotonniere (S. A.), rue Savaen, 58, Gand. . Usines Cotonni~res de Belgique (S. A.),,rue d'Arlon, 61, Brussels.

4C

_'83

Cotton Fabri~cs (Continued)

Vanderhaegen
Gand.

(3, A. Anciens Etablissements D.) quai de Terplaten, 13,

Van Ham .freres (S. A.), Rhodes Ste-Gnese. Beernaerts (S. A. Anciens &tablisseuents Fe/lix), place du Comute de Flandre, 7, Gand, De 3chrijver-Lenoir, rue du Fief', 8, Roulers. Devos Geo, rue de la Gare, 4, Courtrai.. Flips & Donbels (3. A. Tissage), chaussee de Menin, 23, Roulers. Keey freres (S. A. Anciens ~tablissements), rue du Petit oerman .&SoyA,5,caud eNesalFrs Bassin, 5, Roulers. Vincent Ad. & Auger-Vincent (S. A. Anciens Etablissements), rue de la Coriandre, 17, Gand. Wybo Emnile & Gustave, Roulers. Baertsoen & Buysse (S. A..Etablissements), chaussee de Termonde, 374, Gand, Coornaert E., rue des Charrons, 2a, Courtrai. De Jaegher & Fils, rue de la Gare, 12, Courtrai.. Gernay-Delbecque, Waereghem. Geuten Casimir & Fils, Harlebeke. La Flandre (S., A. Tissage), Sweveghemn. Lanneau Desire, Zuidlaan, Harlebeke, Mosberg Fils, place des M~artyrs, 4, Brussels, V.), Fi~vestraat, 28, Gent. Niouwlanot (N. Plahiers Ed., rue du Ruisseau, 6, Renaix. Tissage do Courtrai (S. A.), quaif do la Filature, Courtrai. Tissage de Ruyen (S. A.), Ruyen. Van Craeyenst Edrnond, Sweveghein. Vandekerckove G. & Fils, Deerlijk. Veesaert (3. A. Tissage J.), place Henri Conscience, 33, Gentbrugge. Vueghs Freres (S. A. Etablissements), chausee do Gierle, Turnhout. Cotton Duck Adins M.-A., rue Sainte Genoix, Courtrai. Amupe Alois, Statiestraat, 35, Oost-Roosebeke. Baekelandt E. & Puls, Lauwe. Baert-Pickery E., Statiestraat, Thielt. Baert-4erw e (S. A. Tissage m~canique), rue do la Gare, Sweveghemn. Baertsoen & Buysse (3. A. Etablissements), chaussee de Termonde, 374, Gand. Barbier & Verbrugge (S. A. Etablissenients), Meulebeke. Baut (S. A. Anciens Etablissements L~opold), boulevard do Groeninghe,

56, Courtrai.

Beernaerts (S. A. Anciens Etablissements Felix), place do la Station, 7, Gand. Bekaert Camille, rue do Tourcoing, Aelbeke-'Mouscron. Bekaert en Kinders (N. V. Wdeduwe Ivo), Vichte. rue do Staceghem, Courtrai. Bevernage Fes, IBoucquey-Sabbe, Rumbeke. Caesens Constant, rue Neuve, Courtrai. Calcutta (S.A.), Sleydinge.

84 ~

Cotton Duck (Continued) Cambier Cyr., rue Jean de Nassau, Renaix. Cwnbier Len ri e du d oulin-au, Renaix. Cambier-Robette, rue des Jones, Renaix. Centner (S. A. Alfred), chaussee d~e Staceghen, Courtrai. Concordia (S. A.), ;aaereghern. Cotonniere de Braine-le-Chateau (6. A.), Braine-l'Alleud., Cotonniere Bruxelloise (S. A. La), rue des Coinediens, 19-21, Brussels. Debakker Jean, rue de Mouscron, 5, Courtrai. De Clercq & Cie (S. A. Etablissements), Filterie Moderne, Ninove. d'Ennetieres Freres, Morel & Van Raes, chaussee de Wervicq, Comines. De Francq Gilbert & Emile, rue du Canal, 44, Courtrai. De Fraye (S. A. Etablissenents) Deerlijk. Delaunois & H-antsen, chaussee d'Ellezelles, I, Renaix. Delporte A. & Fils (S. A. Etablissernents), boulevard de Groeninghe, 21, Courtrai. De Muynck (S. A. Etablissements), Sweveghein. Denys R., Marche au Betail, I, Courtrai. Depoortere Freres (S. A. Etablissements), Beverlaai, 3, Courtrai. De Rudder Freres (S. A. Anciens Etablisseinents), rue Jean de Nassau, 24, Renaix. Descamnps Freres, rue de TMerode, 43, Renaix. Descanips Julien & Fills, Dottignies. Deschr~jver-Lenoir G., rue du Fief, Roulers. De Srnedt & Sirnar, rue du Marche, 67, H-arlebeke. De Stoop (S. A. Tissage & Filature Camille)., boulevard Julien Liebaert, I, Courtrai. De Vacht-Denonne R., rue des Jardins, 16, Renaix. Devos Geo, rue de la Gare, 4,' Courtrai. De Witte-Liter(,ATiag)rudelI.s Lue De Witte-Visage (S. A. Etablisserents Ern.), Marcke. D'H-eygere & Vandenbulcke, place dtkmes, Courtrai. Diermnan J.-J. (S. A.), rue du Janibon, 62, Gand. Eva (N. V.), Beveren-op-Leie. Flamnme Alfred, Basceles, Filature & Tissage de Moen (S. A.), Moen-Heestert, bureaux : rue d'Arlon, 113, Brussels.
Ganseman & De

Myttenaere

(S.

A.),

Renaix.

Geenens L. & M. & Bellinck, Renaix. Gernay-Delbecjue, Waereghem. Geuten Casimnir & Fils, Harlebeke. Gevaert A. & Cie, place Tacambaro, Audenarde, Gevaert Joseph, Beveren Audenarde. Gevaert Julien, rue de la Game, Vichte. Glomieux (S. A. des Anciens Etablissements G.), Sweveghem. Hanus (S. A. Etablissemnents Textiles Fernand), boulevard Britannique, 21, Gand. Huysmans A., 187, chaussee de Droogenbosch, Uccle, Isabey (S. A. Etablissezuents), Grand-Quai, Lokemen. Jacobs Freres, Braine-l'Alleud. Labis Joseph, rue de la Station, 40, Mouscron. La Flandre (S. A. Tissage), Sweveghen. Lamnbert Achille, Tissage Saint-Louis, Deerlijk. La Thouroutoise et les Etablisseinents Albert Benoit Reunis (S. A.), rue Raphael, 33a, Brusse* .,

85

Cotton Duck (Continued)

Lejour.-Fourmanoit G

rulphe, 21, boulevard Fostier, Renaix.

de Cappelle (S. A.), Vieux-arche-~aux.-Moutons, 10, Gand. Leperre (S. A. Anciens Etablissements Alberic), rue de la Gare, Sweveghem, Lepoutre & Duchatelet (S. A. Anciens LEtablissements H.), 54, rue des Charrons, Courtrai. Le Textile Yprois (S. A.), Ypres.

Lejour-Van

L'Etoile

(S. Cve), Wervicq.. chauss~e d' Ellezelles, Renaix,

Loujejane-Texas (comptoir de vente), rue de 1'Eglise,

Mas-Vandenhende,

44,

Gand.

Maes Adoiphe & Fils, rue de la Station, 60, Sweveghem. Mahieu Gustave, Vive St-..Eloy-. Manufacture Textile Geantoise (S. A.), boulevard du Chateau, 351, Gand. Marlier (S. A. Anciens Tissages Eugene), Lokeren. Matthys Freres, Vicht. Meerssexan-Jockheere, 52, rue du Vieux Sac, Bruges. Minon & Fils, Rance. Monckarnie (S. A. Nouveaux BEtab.), rue de 110r, 5, Gand. Morelle Georges, rue H., Van Wyngene, 14-20, Renaix. Neckebroeck Hip., chaussee d'Ellezelles, Renaix. Niouwland (N. V0), Fievestraat, 28, Gent. Nottebaert (S. A. Etabissements Gustave), rue de la, Gare, 122-126, Sweveghem. Otten-Sohier-(S. A. Anciens Etablissements), Lokeren. Peeters (S. A. Etablissements Textiles), rue Basse, II, Gand. Percy-Charels Fils, rue de la, Station, 10, Aerschot. Philips-Glazer & Fils (S. A. Anciens Etablissenents J.), chauss~e de Brussels, Termonde, Poifliet Octave, chaussee de Gand, 15, 2Eyne. Ramericq & Co., rue du Chateau, 50, Renaix. Saey (S. A. Etablissements Francois), 12, rue aux Drape, Gand. Saffre Fr~res (S. A. Etablissenients), Audenarde. Sagaert Freres, rue des Horticulteurs, 21, Courtrai.

Sak-Volders

Jos., rue de 1 Hpital,

38, Turnhout.

Schotte-Byttebier, rue do Deerlijk, 20, Beveren-Iys. Seynaeve Arthur, rue de la Station, Oost-Roosebeke. Sioen-Sabbe, Ruiubeke. Sitani (S. A. La), rue de Mouscron, 13, Courtrai. Smethurst James, rue du Perroquet, 27, Courtrai. Steverlynck (S. A. Comptoir Commercial des Etablissenients), boulevard Julien jiebaeft, 94, Courtrai. Suppes (S, A. Tissage Emuile), Petit Dock, 184, Gand. Tant (Veu.ve Louis), 76, rue de l'Est, Roulers. Tant Freres, Roulers. Textile des Flandres (S. A.), 247, Ale-Verte, Gand. Textile do Roulers (S. A.), route de Gits, Roulers. Tissage de Courtrai (S. A.), quaif de la Filature, Courtrai. Tissage de lEscaut (S. A.), Beveren-Audenarde. Tissage de Gentbrugge (S. A.), rue de l'IEglise, 102, Gentbrugge. Tissage de Ruyen (S. A.), Ruyen. Tissage Saint-Jean (S. A.), Zonnebeke-lez-Ypres. Tissage du Tilleul (S. A.) Renaix. Tissage & Teinturerie Le Canal (S. A.), Courtrai. 37, Renaix. ' olf. t'KintMassez Julien,

-86

Cotton Duck (Continued) Tornbeux J. & rill, rue St-esprit, 23, Courtrai. Union Cotonniere (S. A.), rue Savaen, 58, Gand. Usines Cotonnieres de Belgiqjue (S. A.), rue d'Arlon, 61, Brussels. A. Usines Textiles Reunies de Belgique (s. ), Utexbel, rue du Commerce, 96, Brussels. Van. Craeynest Edond & Fils, rue d'Ceteghera, 93, Sweveghem. Vandekerckove G. & Fils, Deerlijk. Vandenberghe & Destorabes (S. A. des Anciens Etablissenents), Tissage LtAbeille, Deerlijk. Vandenhende-Verstraete E~., Mj"eulebeke. Vander Guchten Freres, rue de la Croix, 17-24, Renaix. Vanderhaege Oscar, rue du Bassin Rond, 12, Roulers. Vanderhaegen (S. A. Anciens Etablissements D,), quaif de Terptlaten, 13, Gand. Vander Hauwaert Jules, rue Large, 68, Renaix. Vanderschueren P. & Cie, Tamise. Van de 'Wiele A., rue Sweveghem, 14x2, Courtrai. Van Doorne (S. A. Etablissenents. Rene), rue Sud-du-Marais, E~ecloo. Van Dun-Sak J., rue Victor Van Hal, 12, Turnhout. Van Eeckhoutte-Boutens, rue St-Hubert, 26, Roulers. Van Ham Freres (S. A.), Rhode-Saint-Genese. Van Houtte & Cie (S. A. Paul), Vichte. Van Leynseele & De Brabandere, rue Pycke, 17, Courtrai. Van Maele & File (S. A. Eitablisements O.-J.), Thielt. Vanrnarck Gebroeders (N.V. van de 'aerkchuizen J. & H-.), Deerlijkstraat, 25, Beveren Leie. Van i1eerhaeghe Leopold, r. du Pont-Neuf, 18, Renaix. Varn Neste-Verwee (S. A. Etablissernents J.), rue de Jonghe, 3, Courtrai. Vanwetteren iE., boulevard Philippe d'Alsace, 47, Courtrai. Veesaert (S. A. Tissage Jules), place Henri Conscience, 33, Gentbrugge. Verve e-Gillon Joseph, chaussee de Valle, Courtrai. Vueghs Freres & Cie (S. A. Etablissements), chausee de Gierle, Turnhout. ~aelkens Joseph, Thielt. Wdeytens F.reres & soeurs, Sinay-Waes. Wilma (S. A. Industries Textiles), Maldeghen. Wlittock-Van Landeghem (S. A. Etablissernents), Tamise.

Drapery (Cotton)
Algerneene Fluweelweverij (N.V.), Stacegenische steenweg, Kortrijk. A.), Braine l'Alleud. Allard & Co., (S. Alliance Renaisienne du Textile (S. A.), Renaix. Alpaga (S. A. 1'), rue du IMiarais, Brussels. Arupe Alois, rue de la Station, 35, Oost-Roosebeke. Annicq Isidore, rue de Merode, 8, Renaix. Annicq-W illems Nap., chaussee de Ninove, 103, Renaix. Baert Verwee (3. A. Tissage mecanique), rue de la Gare, Sweveghemu. Bettonville & Cie (3.. A. Etablissemnents), Hodirnont, Blois P. & Vancoppenolle A., Renaix. Boone Leon & Fils, Meulebeke. Bovy M., rue du Pont Leopold, 14, Verviers.

Bragard-Baaser

Math.,

Petit-Rechain.

'3

Drapery (Continued)
Bruwiere freres et soeurs (S. A.), Saint-Nicolas-Waes. Cambier Cyr., rue Jean de Nassau,.Renaix. Cambier Leon, rue du Moulin-Eau, Renaix. Cambier-Andr6, Laurent, rue de itYser, II, Renaix. CarbierRobette, rue des Joncs, 2, Renaix,

Caw-bier

& Vanden Hende, Eyne.

Centner (S. A. Alf ), rue do Staceghemn, Courtrai.. Cotonriere de Braine-le--Chateau (S. A.), Braine-Kl'Alleud. Debefve & Fils (Veuve Pierre), rue des Six-Cents Franchianontois,, 53, Andr irnont Debusscher Freres, rue d'Ath prolongee, 48, Renaix. Dedonder Leon, rue de la Croix, 3, Renaix. De Gandt (S. A. Etablissements), Dottignies. Do Graeve Georges, rue Van Hove, Renaix. do Hagen Aib, & R. rue Victor Besnie, Verviers. A. Delacroix (6. des FEtablissemients Adolphe), rue des Joncs, 5 Renaix. Delaunois & Hantson, chaussee d'Ellezelles, I,Renaix. Delforge T., rue St-Jean, 30 a 44, Dison. Deltour Freres, Mouscron,
Do Muynck (S. A.

Etablissements),

Sweveghem.

Denoel Joseph, rue do. l'Hospice, 3, Hodinmont. Denyjs Richard, Marche a B~tail, I, Courtrai. Depoortere Duvillers Jer~me, rue do la Pierre Bleue, 12, Renaix. Depoortere Freres (S. A. Etablissements), Veverlaai, 3, Courtrai. Do Rudder Freres (S. A. Anciens Etablissements), rue Jean do Nassau, 24, Renaix. Descaiups Julien & Fils, Dottignies. Descanips Freres, rue do Merode, 43, Renaix. Do Vacht-Denonne R., rue des Jardins, 46, Renaix. Devos Geo, rue do la Gare, 4, Courtrai. . Dewael Adelson, rue des Fabriques, 39, Renaix. Dewael Louis & Cie, chaussee d'Jjl.lezlles, 36, Renaix. Do Weer E~dgar, Celles-1ez=-Tournai. Diernan JJT., rue du Jambon, 62, Gand. Dopchie-Duabiez A., 33, rue du Tremble, Renaix. Du Faux Joseph, 8, rue Trauty, Dison. Excelsior (S.A. 1'), 73, rue de la Croix, Renaix. Filature et Tissage de Moon (S. A.), Moen=Heestert, bureaux : rue d'Arion, 118, Brussels, Filsoetis (S. A.), AUlee Verte, 247, Gand. Fohal. Theo, rue do la Grappe, 29, Dison, Franco-Belge de et a Waereghem (S. A.). Franquet P., rue Leopold, 87 a 95, Dison. Ganseman & De Myttenaere (S. A. Usines Textiles), Renaix. Geenens L, & M.et Bellinck V., cite Libbrecht, Renaix. Gerard H. & Fils, Braine-1'Alleud; bureaux et magasin :avenue dot Midi, 100, Brussels, Gevaert A. & Cie, place Tacambaro, Audenarde. Glorieux (S. A,des Anciens Etablissements G.), Sweveghen. Goethals-Goethals (S. A. Etablissements, 4EOc1oo. Hanus (5. A, 1Etablissernents Textiles Fernand), boulevard Britannique, 21, Gand, (1)

88

Dr'a er1

(Continued)

Heck Julien, rue du Pont Leopold, 8-10, Verviers, Hellin-De Vaere J.,. 21, rue du Tremble, Renaix. Huysman A., 187, chauss~e de Droogenbosch, Uccle. Jacobs Freres, Braine-l'Alleud. Labis Joseph, rue de la Station, 40, Mouscron. La Flandre (S. A. Tissage), Sweveghen. Lainiere de Diest et de Tournai (S. A.), rue de l'Ecorcherie, 27, Tournal, Lainiere des Flandres (S. A.), rue Rodenbach, Rumabeke. Saint-Nicolas (S. A. Usines)'. Lainieres de et 'a Lammens (S. A.Anciens Etablissemuents Octave), chaussee de Gand, 14, Deynze. Landuyt-Smout P., rue Haute, 6, Audenarde. Lecluse Freres (S.A. lEtablissements), Tieghem. Lehoucq & Barbier rue de Menin, 26, iouscron. Lejeune A. Fils A nd, rue des Alli~s, 80, Verviers. Lejour E. & Cie, rue Saint-Martin, 5, Renaix. Lejour-Fourmnanoit G~rulphe, 21, boulevard Fostier, Renaix. Lejour (S, A, Tissage), Ellezelles. Lepoutre & Cie, rue d'Italie, 29, iouscron, Lepoutre & Duchatelet (S, A. Anciens Etablissements), rue des Charrons, 54, Courtrai. Lepoutre Freres, Anseghem. Louis ianne-Texas (Corptoir de vente), rue de 1' Eglise, 44, Gand. Maere (S. A. Tissage Leonard), Cour des Teinpliers, 6, Gand. Mraes Ad. & Fils, rue de *laStation, 74, Seveghen, Manucour (S. A.), Courtrai. Manufacture Textile Gantoise (S. A.), boulevard du Chateau, 35, Gand. Marlier (S. A. Anciens Tissages Eugene), Lokeren. Martens Joseph, Olsene. Mas-Vandenhende G., chaussee d'E]llezelles, Renaix. Meunier Freres, rue de la Station, Ellezelles (I). Morelle G., rue Hermes Van. Vyngene, 14, Renaix. Neckebroeck Hip, chaussee d'Ellezelles, 14, Renaix. Nottebaert (S. A. Etablissements Gustave), rue de la Gare, 122-126, Sweveghei. Otten-Sohier (S.- A. Anciens Etablissements), Lokeren. Peltzer & Fils (S. A.), rue David, 100, Verviers. Pirson Armand, rue de Brussels, 49, Verviers. Plahiers Edmiond, rue dui Ruisseau, 4-7, Renaix. Poifliet Octave, chauss6e de Gand, Eyne. Poot & Rommelaere, chauss~e de Louvain, 31, Nosseghei. Portois Joseph, rue de l'El6phant, I, Renaix. PoussardG., rue Longue, 45, Dison. Raxnericq A. & Cie, rue du Chateau, 68, Renaix, Richel'le & Cie, 3, quai de la Vesdre, Verviers. Roufosse J. & Co., rue Neuve, 10-.14, Dizon. Saffre Freres (S. A. Etablissements), Audenarde. Samaain A,, Grande Place, 24, Renaix. Sault Freres & Cie, Tissage de Dottignies, bureaux s rue dui Pont Newt, 20, Brussels. Steverlynck (S. A. Etabliss.), boulevard Julien Liebaert, 53, Courtrai. Spiers-Van Coppenelle Edni,, rue Sainit-Corneille, Renaix. Suppes (S. A. Tissage frile), Petit Dock, 1.84, Gand.

-95..

Shipbuilding (Continued) La Rupeloise, (S. A.), Noeveren, Belgium. Scheepswerf Vergauwen A. en Zoneu, Boom, Belgium. Th. Van der Auwera, Rumpst, Belgium. Maison Beer, (S. A.), Jerneppe-lez- Liege, Belgium. Isidore Mainil, Ave. de Mil 17, Ledeberg, Belgium. Jules et Francois Plaquet, Personnes-Lez- Antoiny, Belgium. Ateliers. de Construction. do la Meuse, (.v. A.), Solessin, Belgium. Ateliers Mietallurgiques et Chantier Naval de Vilvorde, (S.A.) dhaussee de Louvain 193, Vilvorde. Beliard, Crighton & Co. (S. A.), Ostend, Belgium.
G. Boury,

Ostend, Belgium.

J. Denye, Ostend, Belgium. Henri Deweert, Ostend, Belgium. R. Panesi, Ostend, Belgium. A. Seghers, Ostend, Belgium. Ateliers d t iElectro Me'canique, Rue Kronenberg 47, Antwerp, Belgium. Ateliers itAvenir, (S. A.), Rue Hardenvoort 13-21, Antwerp, Belgium. Beliard Crighton & Co., Bassin Kattendyck, Quai Quest 21, Antwerp, Belgium. Chantier Naval & Atel., Hemixen, Belgium. Donche & Beuckeleers, Quai St. Laurent 12, Antwerp. The=Engineering Company, Rue des Indies 10, Antwerp, Belgium. Guthrie Murdoch & Co., Rue d'Amsterdam 2, Antwerp, Belgium. J. Iversen & Depauw, Elcuse Royes, Bassin 48, Antwerp, Belgium. Precision Instruments Ateliers de Cobstr. Hyd~rex, Rue de la Buanderie 24, Brussels, Belgium. Richez & Co., Rue des Foulons 69, Brussels, Belgium. T. Dernier, Rue Vivegnis 414, Liege, Belgium. M. Forsdach, Wandre, Belgium. J. Gasquy, Rue E~n Bois 20, Herstal, Belgium. Vve.. A. Wery, Rue des Clarisses 24, Liege, Belgium. Machine Tools Etablissements Carl Seegar, Rue du Progres 236, Brussels, Belgium. Soc. Anon." des Moteurs, Sclessin-lez-Liege, Belgium. T. Dernier, Rue Vivegnis 4.14, Liege, Belgium.
M.

Forabach,

Wandre,

Belgium.

J. Gasquy, Rue en Boj5 20, Herstal, Belgium. Vve. A. Wery, Rue des Clarissees 24, Liege, Belgium. Paul Crahay, Rue Vanderdussen 154, Brussels, Belgium. Jules Weiden, Rue J. B. De Cock 67-69, Brussels, Belgium. A. Garson, Rue Saint-Denis 415-423, Forest, Belgium. G. Mlichel & P. Moriniont, Rue Hamvir 72-74, La Louviere, Belgium. La Lime.Beige, Rue du Bosquet 33, Liege, Belgium. Charles Curely & File, Ottignies, Belgium. J. Mennig, Ave. H-uart Hanivir 61, Schaerbeek, Belgium. SA. Fynwerk, Place de ltYser 9, Brussels, Belgium. Em.Gillain, Rue Gen. Wangermee 22, Brussels, Belgiumi. Leon Godin, Ave. Clemenceau 93, Brussels, Belgium.

..

96

Machine Tools (Continued) John H. Graham & Cie., (S. A.), Rue du Pont Neuf 17, Brussels, Belgium. Soc. Anon. Isebecque Todd, Boul. EAle Bockstael.25, Brussels, Belgium. Maison Hellinckx, Rue des Pierres 50, Brussels, Belgium. Melis freres, Chaussee d'Anvers 101,, Brussels, Belgium. A. J. Bandoux, Ave. Van Voixem 282, Brussels, Belgium. S. A. des Etabts. V. Albt. Bovy., Ch. d'Alsernberg 342, Brussels, Belgium. L. Brenta, Ch. d:Anvers 317, Brussels, Belgium. Bruyninck & Cie, Blvd. Baudouin 11, Brussels, Belgium. Etabts. Louis Demery & Co., Quai de ltlndustrie 83, Brussels, Belgium. Etab. Christophe, Quai au Foin 37, Brussels, Belgium. H. Dossin, Liege, Belgium. Aug. Hahin, Rue Large, Ch~nee, Belgium. R. A. Lejeune, Rue des Bayards 87, Liege, Belgium. H. Raskin, Angleur, Belgium. N. Dubois, Hu~y, Belgium. Delhoussee freres, Rue Sous-l'Eau 37, Lie'ge, Belgium. Maison Cornelis S. A., Rue St. Leonard 585, Lidge Belgium. J. D. Wera, Rue du Pre Binet 11, Lie'ge, Belgium. R. Dedoyard, Rue 3 Pierres 67, Herstal, Belgium. F. Goebel, Rue de la Fenderie 5, Charleroi, Belgium. Soc. Anon. M. A. I., Rue de Dampremy 39, Charleroi, Belgium. Technico, Lodelinsart, Belgium. Soc. Anon, Cassart Freres, Gembloux, Belgium. G. Comnhaire & fils (Henri Comhaire succr.), Allee Verte 119, Ghent, Belgium. J. Comhaire - Vortinck, Rue Guislain 142, Ghent, Belgium. B'redo Goebel, Digne de Brahant 36, Ghent, Belgium. Jos. S. Hirsch, Rue des Beguines 40, Antwerp, Belgium. Jos. Ven, Rue Van Wesenbeke, 17, Antwerp, Belgium. Comptoir Industrial Dujosy, Rue Lenirne 18, Antwerp, Belgium. J. Claessens, Rue Simons 20, Antwerp, Belgium. Bottequin & Blancharet, Deurne - Nord, Belgium. Etabts. A. Semal, Rue Berthelot 150, Brussels, Belgium. Sinai & Cie., Rue Bara 103, Brussels, Belgium. Soc. Anon. R. S. Stokvis, Rue des Hirondelles 13a, Brussels, Belgium. Camille Streel, Place de la Duchesse 26, Brussels, Belgium. Jules Vandreche, hue Gaucheret 76, Brussels, Belgium. Jos. Vanhoff, Blvd. PoincarJ 47, Brussels, Belgium. F. 0. A. L., Que Mariemont 11, Brussels, Belgium. Etabts. Chas. Papyn, Ave. des Rogations 41, Brussels, Belgium. E. Doupagne, Rue Ernest Solvay, 73, Sclessin, Belgium. 8. A. Cie. Belge Cohalh, Rue Bara 174, Brussels, Belgium. S. A. Soc. Belge d'Outillage Pneunaticjue, Rue du Dobelenberg 90, Haren, Brussels, Belgium. S. A. Ateliers Lidgeois d'Outillage Pneumat ique, Ans-lez-Liege, Belgium. Forges, Usines et Fonderies de Gilly, Gilly, Belgium. Soc. Anon. des Moteurs, Sclessin-lez-Liege, Belgium. Etablissernents Carl Seegar, Rue du Progres 236,. Brussels, Belgium. Soc. Belge d'Outillage pneumatique, Haren-Brussels. S. A. des Forges Usines & Fonderies de Gilly, Gilly, Belgium. Ateliers Lie'geois dtOutillage pneuinatique, Forex-Liege. Soc. Anon. des Moteurs, Selessin, Belgium. Etablisserments Leon Godin, Ave. Clemenceau 93, Brussels, Belgium. S. A. Fynwerk, Place de l'Yser 9, Brussels, Belgium. E~ts. Henri Benedictus, h.ue Melsens 34-36, Brussels, Belgium.

! I 97 Industrial Chemicals

Leading Lirnas

and

location

Principlproducts

Acides Standaert (S. A.) quai de Wondelgen, Gand. Asmmoniaque Synthetiques et derives (S. A.), rue de Livourne, 97, Brussels. Angleur-Athus (S. A.), Tilleur-lez-Liege. Arendonck (S. A. des Explosifa de et 1), Arendonck,

41,

sulphuric acid sulphuric acid, anhydrous ammonia benzol nitric acid

Asphaltes, Porphyres, et Goudrons (S. A. Compagnie G~nerale des), place Maurice Demoor, 1, Brussels, Association Metallurgique pour la fabrication du Coke (S. A.), Willebroeck (Sales office at Boulevard de Waterloo, 103, Brussels. Auvelais (S. A. de Produits Chirniques de et i.), Auvelais. Azote (S. A. Belge de 1'), Ougr;'-Marihaye. (Sales monopoly: Societd Commnerciale de Belgiqjue "So cobelge", 0ugre'e.) Bol~l

coal pitch

benizol, coal pitch, coal tar, naphthalene muriatic acid, sulphuric acid 600

nitric acid, anhydrous ammonia

(S.

A. Usines Gustave), La Louviere.

benzol, coal tar stearine pitch

Bougies de la Cour (S. A. Manufacture Royale de),

Chauss~e

de Mons, 326, Cureghem

Capelle-Lutgen and Dux'y E., Usine de la Vierre, Bertrix. Carbonisation Centrale (S. A.), rue de Namnur, 48, Brussels.*

vegetable pitch, 'wood tar benzol, coal tar

a98.

.Leading firms

and location

Principal products benzol

Centrales Electriques des Flandres et du Brabant (S.A.), Langerbrugge. (Offices at Rue Bre'derode, 13, Brussels. Cockerill (S. A. John), Seraing.

benzol, coal tar

Cokes et Fontes Speciales (S. A.) Hoboken. Copp~ee Evence and Cie, Boulevard de WaterlOO, 103, Brussels. Charbonnages du Bois-du-Luc (Societe cicile des), Houdeng-Aimeries. Charbonnages des Chevalieres et de la Grande iachine k Feu (S. A. des), D~our. Charbonnagee du Couchant de Flenu (S. A. des) Quaregnon. Charbonnages de et A Fontaine l'Eve'que, Fontaine ltrv~que. Charbonnages et Hauts-Fourneaux Bracquegnies, (s .A.des),

benzol, coal tar benzol, coal pitch, coal tar, naphthalene coal tar

coal tar

coal tar

coal tar

do

et I Strepies-

coal tar

Strepies-Bracquegnies. coal tar coal tar coal tar

Charbonnages de Kessales (S.A.des), Fl~rnalle-H~aute. Charbonnage du Nord de Flenu (S.A.du), Ghlin. Charbonnages du Pays de Liege (S.A.des), Aux-Awirs. Charbonrnages de Ressaix, Leval, Peronnes, SainteAldegonde, et Genck (S.A.des)'. Sales office at Boulevard do Waterloo, 100, Brussels. Charbonnages Unis do lt~uest de Mons (S.A.des), Boussu.

coal tar

coal tar

-99

-I

Leading firms anid location. Dumnont et Freres (S.A.G.), Sclaigneaux pie Roubaix, Oedenkoven & Cie. (b.A.), Rue de la

Principal products sulphuric acid stearine pitch

Blanchisserie,

88, Borgerhout-Anvers.

.Electrochi'aie de la Dendre (A),22 Brussels. Factory at Ath.

Avenue M arnix

calciumn chloride

E~ngrais et Produits Chimicues de la Meuse (S.A.des), Tilleur.

sulphuric acid (53 and 60 ), enhydrous ammonia, benzol; coal tar, naphtha~lene.

Esperance-Longdoz (S.A.ietallurgique de), Rue de Huy, Liege. .1, Fabrication du Coke (S.A.Association M6talluirgique

benzol, coal tar

pour la),

Willebroeck.

benzol

Force, Eclairage et Docks de Gand (S.A.) Rue Farman, Gand. Fours Coke de et h Vilvorde (S.A.des), Vilvorde.

coal tar, benzol coal tar, benzol

Fours A Coke de et ,'Zeebrugge (S.A.des), Zeebrugge. (Selling concession to the Societe Comnmerciale
de Belgique, at

coal tar,
naphthalene

Ougr4e.)

Gaz Catalytique (S.A.Cornpagnie Beige du), Boulevard

de

petroleum tar,
coal tar

Waterloo,

42, Brussels.

Goudron et Sous-Produits de et I Flawinne (S.A.), Flawinne. Grand-Hornu (S.A-. des Usines et Mines de Houille du), Hornu. Houilleres de et

coal pitch, coal tar, naphthalene

coal tar coal tar

Anderlues (S.A.des), Anderlues.

Industrie

Agricole (S.A. pour favoriser 1t), St-Axnand_________slhrcai

lez-Puers.

sulphuric acid

a- 100

Leading firms and location Xuhlmann (S. A. Lea Etablissements), Rue de Loxuiu, 2, Brus sels.

Principal products muriatic acid, sulphuric acid, anhydrous ammonia, benzol, coal tar, naphthalene.

Laeken (S. A. des Produits Chirniques de), Quai des Usines, 191, Schaerbeek. Larabiotte & Cie., Marbehan. 124, Brussels. Offices, Rue Rogier,
-

muriatic
acid

acid, sulphuric

vegetable pitch. refined naphthalene naphthalene, coal tar

Luyten Louis, Marche-les-Dames. M~tallurgique de Gorcey, Charbonnage du Fief de Lambrechies (S.. A. Societe), .Ptturages.. Mdtallurgique de Hoboken (S. A.Socidt6 Gdnerale), Rue Montagne du Parc, 8, Brussels. Mgtallurgique de Prayon (S. A.), Prayon-Trooz. Metallurgiques du H-ainaut (S. A. Usines), Couillet. Nouvelle-4ontagne (S.A.La},. Vngis.. Ougree.-Marihaye (S.A.d'), Ougrge. Overpelt-Lommel et Corphalie (S.A. Comipagnie des Metaux), Overpelt-lez-Neerpelt. Offices at Rue des Fabriques, 54, Brussels. Pont-Brilg (S3A.duz), Vilvorde.

sulphuric acid sulphuric acid (600) benzol, coal tar sulphuric acid (58-60) benzol, coal pitch, coal tar naphthalene sulphuric acid (60 & 660) oleumn. muriatic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, oleuni oleum

Produits Chimiques de Droogenbosch (S.A.des) Ruysbroeck. Produits Chirniiques. et Mtallurgiques du Rupel (S. A.), Ruysbroeck-lez-:Willebroeck.

sulphuric acid

101

Leading firms anid location Providence (S .A. Larninoirs, iauts-Fourneaux, Forges et Usines de la), Marchienne-au-Pont. Poudrerie's R unies de. Belgique (.),Rue Royale,

Principal

products

benzol, coal tar

145, Brussels.,
Robert '(Distillerie de Goudron de Ransart, Veuve G), Ransart.
.R4sineux Belges

nitric acid

coal pitch, naphthalene wood tar sulphuric acid (600) benzol coal tar coal pitch coal tar sodium carbonate calcium chloride rnuriatic acid, sulphuric acid (600), calcium chloride benzol

(S.A.des), 6antri'e..

Rosier (S.A. Superphosphate), Moustier (Hlainaut). Sambre.& Moselle (S.A. ; 4tallurgique de), Montignysur-Sanbre.*
:Soci4'tg Chimique d~e SeJ.zaete (S..A.). "(Offices at Rue

Ducale., .29, Brussels.) Solvay & Cie., Rue Prince Albert, 33, Brussels.

Tessenderloo (S. Produits Chimiques de et Tessenderloo.

l),

Thy-le-Chateau et Marcinelle (S.A. des Rauts-Fourneaux, Forges et Acigries de), Marcinelle.. Union Agricole, Chiinique, et Blectrique, Unac ;(S.A.), Joidoigne. Union Chimique Belge (S.A.), Avenue Louise, 61 & 73, Brussels. Plants at Gand-Port, Morimont, & Ruysbroeck Plant at Zandvoorde

coal tar
sulphuric acid

Plants

Wondelghem.

"Hemixem, IMiorniiont, Ruysbroeck., &

Plant at Havrg-Ville Division Soci to O.stendaise Luiire et Force Motrice,at Zandwoorde., and Division Fours a Coke SemetSolvay, at Havr4-Ville Plant at.Schoonaerde

muriatic acid nitric acid, anhydrous ammonia sulphuric acid.: 60 & 660; chemically pure; contact acid; acid for ,storage batteries, oleum benzol, coal pitch coal tar, naphthalene (crude) naphthalene (refined) in various forms. mnuriatic acid '(lS/20%Be, sulphuric acid (60 & 66

Vedrin (S.A.de), Risles-Saint-Marc

102

Leading firms and location

VieilleMontagne (S.A. des -Mines et

Principal products de oleun

Fonderies

Zinc de la), Ch~n~e. Wilsele (S.A. des Industries Chimiques de et vvilsele.

),

sulphuric acid (all degrees)

Glues and Gelatines Devaux (Vve) & Fils, Polleur-lez-Spa. Gomnmers Freres, rue de l'Agrafe, 39, Brussels. Hansez & Pollet J. (S.A. Fabrique de Colle Vegetale L.), rue Edin. de Grimnberghe, 36 a, Brussels. Laurent Leon & Robert, rue Piers, 138, Brussels. Bourgoin Jean, place Sainte-Gudule, 19, Brussels. Brynaert G., avenue de la Refine, 301 Brussels. Chemif~ax (S. A.), rue de 1'Eglise, 26, La Panne. Devos Freres & Soeur, rue de f'ist, 14, Roulers. Heuse E., 97, rue de Molenbeek, Brussels. Leclercq-Vander Velden Frangois, rue Vapart, 6, Kinkernpois. Mellaerts John, rue Sergeysels, 52, Anvers. Pelletier FrTdric, rue Fr. Pelletier,. Brussels. Usines de et a Callenelle (S. A. Les). Achat et Traiternent des Os (Satos) (S. A. pour 1t), chaussee de Louvain, 170, Vilvorde. Colles & Gelatines de Tournai (S. y.), Chemin V. Couture, Tournai. Entreprises Chimiques et ilectriques (S. A.), Vilvorde. Oss4ine & Engrais de et A Selzaete.(S. A.). Tannerie & Maroquinerie Belges (S. A.), Saventhem. Blanckaert Florent, rue ;ode Vliebergh, Brussels (U) Colles V~g4tales (S. A. Fabrique de), 21, rue Edmnond de Grirnberghe, Brussels.

0
C.

40

103.-

Pharmaceuticals and Dietetic Products

Abbeloos & Sterck, Laboratoires rdeinis 'Produits Anios, rue des Deux Maisons, 2Evare. Esperance-Longdoz (S. A. Metaiiurgique), rue de Huy, I,Liege. Agriculture, Commerce,, Banqjue & Industrie (%. A.), Huy. Akker (S. A. Beige de Produits), rue Emile de Harven, 26, Hoboken. rue de Belgrade, 13, Brussels. A. Aiment Essentiel (S. Beige it), (Laboratoires "Sam"), rue Brogniez, 187, Brussels-Midi. Appelmans4iarchand Bios (S. A. Froduits), Etablissemnents Coutelier Freres, rue de Potter,

37, Brussels.
Delacre (S. A. Usines), Vilvorde, Delco (S. A..), rue de 1'intrepot., II, Louvain. Deleu L., rue des Pierres, 31, Bruges. Dubois (S. A. Anciennes Manufactures Chimiques Rient), Fontaine-i 'Evecjue. Elevage Gallina, avenue du Bon Air, II, Uccie. Esperanza (S. A.), Ypres. Govaerts E., place Comiunale, 46, Pont- ,-Ceiies. Grandes Laiteries Reunies (S. A.), rue Deschampeleer, 24-28, Brussels. Huwart (Usines Ed.), Bd d'Avroy, 184, Liege. Institut Serothgrapique de et A Gemibloux. Laboratoires Optima (S. A.), grande rue au-Boic, 70-80, Brussels. Laborosoires S.T.O.P. (S. Cve), avenue de B.Qodebeek Brussels. Laboratoires Zyma (S. A.), 1469, chaussee de Wavre, Auderghem. Lambiotte & Cie., avenue Rogier, 124, Brussels. Meunier & Cie, rue de la Couronne, 170, Anvers. Missoul Alfred, rue Joseph Claes, 50, Brussels. Nestle' (S. A.), chaussee de Gand, 623, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean. Nutricia (S. A.), rue Fransman, 142, Laeken. Offermans (S. A. ILaiteries), boulevard de la-Constitution, 151, Liege. Pasteur (Institut) de Brussels, rue du Reinorqueur, 28, Brussels. Pharmacie Centrale de Belgique (S. A.), rue du Tglephone, 12, Brussels, Phosphata (Compagnie des Produits), Crainhem. Rerny (S. A. des Usines), Wygmael. Renaux (S. A. des Usines), Duffel. Thiwissen (S. A. Etablissements Paul), rue Ste-Ve'ronique, 13, Liege. Union Chimnique Beige (S. A.) (Division) : Produits pharmaceutiques "Meuricen, rue Berkendael, 68, Brussels. Vandendaele & File, rue des Cannes, Grarnmont.

n1I-

J04-

Fertilizers Axnmoniaque Synthetique et D~rives (S. A.), rue de Livourne, 97, Brussels. Angleur-Athus (S. A. d'), Divisions de et a Tilleur et des Charbonnages Beiges, Frameries. Association Metallurgique pour la Fabrication du Coke (S.A.), Willebroeck. Azote (S. A. Societe Beige de 1'), Ougree. Boel (S. A. Usines Gustave), La Louvire. Carbochimique .(S. A.), usine 'a Tertre, bureaux : rue de Namnur, 48, Brussels. Charbonnages de Bois-du-Luc (Societe civile des), Houdeng-Aiueries. Charbonnages de Ressaix, Leval, Peronnes, Sainte-Aldegonde et Genk (S. A. des), Ressaix. Charbonnages Unis de l'Quest de Mons (S. A. des), Boussu. Cockerill (S. A. John), Seraing. Cokerie du Marly (S. A.), chaussee de Vilvorde, Neder-over-Hembeek, Brussels. Compagnie gene'rale du Gax et Electricite (S. A.), rue du Marche, 127, Brussels. Coppee Evence & Cie, boulevard de Waterloo, 103, Brussels. Engrais et Produits Chimiiques de la Meuse (S.. A. des), Tilleur. Espe'ranceLongdoz (S. A. Metallurgique d'), Lie'ge. Quie'vrain (S. A. des). Coke de et 'a Fours 'a Zeebrugge (S. A. des). Fours a Coke de et 'a Glaver (S. A. Glaces et Verres), chausse~e de Charleroi, 4, Brussels. Kuhlmiann (S. A. des Etablissernents), rue de Loxum, Brussels. Metalllurgiques du Hainaut (5. A. Usines), Couillet. Ougre-Marihaye (S. A. dt), Divisions des Hauts-Fourneaux a Ougree. Produits Chiniiques de et a Grammont (S. A. Fabrique de). Providence (S. - Forges de la), Marchienne-au-Pont. Sambre et Moselle (S. A. Mdtallurgique de), Montigny-sur-Samnbre. Services du Gaz des Villes de Brussels (quaif des Usines, 75, Brussels. Thy-le-Chateau et Marcinelle (S. A. des Hauts-Fourneaux, Forges et Acieries de), Marcinelle). Union Chimique Beige t5. A.), Division Fours a,Coke et Anvuoniaque ynhtqea GW adoreNouvelle-Montagne .La), Engis. Agriculture, Comnrerce, Banque & Industrie (A.C.B.I.), (S.A.), liuy. Battaille Freres, Basecles. Compagnie Beige des Fertillisants (S. Cve), rue de l'Ii;coyer, 4, Brussels. Deianet-Cheval, Raymond, Waterloo. Engrais & Produits Chimiques Agricoles (S. A.), chaussee d'Aerschot, 72, Louvain. Meyers J.-P., chaussee de Haecht, 264, Schaerbeek. Moreels (S. A. G. & V.), Petit-Dock, 180-182, Gand. Qverpelt--Lonrel & Corphalie (S. A. Comapagnie des Metaux), Overpelt-lezNeerpelt; bureaux: 54, rue des Fabriques, Brussels. Pont Bru1l' (S. A. de), Vilvorde. Rosier (S.A. Superphosphate), Moustier (Hainaut). Societe Anonyne pour favoriser l'Industrie Agricole, St-Amnand-lez-Puers. Standaert (S. A.), Balgerhoeke-Eecloo. Union Agricole Chimnique & Electrique (S. A.), Jodoigne.

105 Fertilizers (Continued) Bernard (S. A. Produits Chiiniques et Lngrais), Mesvin Ciply. A.),.Tournai. Colles & Gelatines (6. Lemnan E. & G. et Verdonck R.., Orroir. igoulinet L., rue de 1' i glise, Staiubruges. A.). Osseine & &igrais de et a Selsaete Produits Chinmiques de et a.Jemappes (S. A.)./ Satos (S. A. pour 1'Achat et le Traitement des Os), chaussee de Louvain, 170, Vilvorde.

'(S.

Schmitz & Cie, rue de la Grappe, 22,

Hodimont-Verviers.

Soiudes & Potasses (S. A.), Orroir. Leather Transmission Belting Bouvy .&mmanuel, quai Godefroid Kurth, 40, Liege. Bultot Leon & Cie, avenue Foneny, 54, Brussels. Cloot Freres, rue Pisseroule, 219-221, Verviers. Coen & Le Mineur, rue de la Reconciliation, 40, Borgerhout. Colniant & Cuvelier (S. A. Etablissements), boulevard du Hainaut, 64, Tournai. Corroirie de Mont-Saint-Amand (S.- A.), chaussee d'Anvers, 209, Gand, (marques "Monarque"). Courroie Industrielle (S. A. La), rue Paul Lauters, 48, Brussels. D'Anvers Freres (Etablissements Ch. D'Anvers), successeurs, quai du Ponton, I et rue du Ponton, 67, Gand. De Bruyne Freres, Termonde. De Bruyne-Vandriessche Jos., rue du Chernin die Fer, 86, Hamme. Delwick Freres, rue Nicolas Philippe, Sciessin. Delwick & Cie (3. A. Fr.), rue de Hodjinont, 236, Verviers. Demonty Emnile File, rue Godin I et rue Grande, 39-43, Ensival. Dolne & Delwaide, (Societe "La Courroie"), rue Beribou, I, Verviers. Fairon A., rue Beribou, 28, Verviers. Fauconnier Freres & Cie, rue du Centre, 73, Verviers.

Fourneaux-Moineau

(S. A.), chaus.see' de Lodelinsart, 223, Gilly.

Gouvy Hubert, rue de Dison, 56, Verviers. Haas-Dortu, rue du Pont-Neuf, 21-23, Verviers. Houben Pere & File, rue de Verviers, 44, Dison. Houben (S. A. Iitablissements Theodore), rue Mali, 12, Verviers ("Le Chene"). Lambinon & Lernoine, rue du Prince,. 16, Verviers. Landuyt-dluyts, Eecloo. Laroche-Lechat (S. A. Etablissements J.), quai Ed. Pynaert, 16, Gand. Lemaire Max, rue Vieille Xhave'e, 15-17, Verviers. Lemnaire & Sarlet, rue de la Chapelle, 90, Hodimont.

Lemoine

Rene,

Juslenville-Theux.

Leusch H.-J., Keperbergst, 19, Eupen. Lindebrings Henri, boulevard de Diest, 42, Louvain. Lobet (S. A. des Anciens Eitablissements Leon), rue Biolley, 17, Verviers. Nahoe & Cie, rue de Croix-Rouge, Ensival. Radermecker A. & Cie, chaussee de Lille, Warneton. Rollin E. & F., chaussee de Louvain, 42, Vilvorde. Schoeffer Edmond, rue de Brussels, 7, Dampremey.

106
Leather Goods (Continued)

-"

Subitte M., rue de la Victoire, 121, Brussels. Thomson (S. A. des Cuirs et Courroies), rue du Chixniste, 32, Brussels. Vanderstraeten E., rue de Merode, 218, Brussels. Verheist H. & Dirickx, rue de Brussels, 47, Anvers. Verheist J., rue Verdussen, 31, Anvers. Watte-Panny L., rue de Bever, 10-12, Ninove. Wertz & Hanlet (S.A. Etablissements), rue du Limnbourg, I, Verviers.
Ypersiel Edmond, boulevard de la Revision,

73-73a, Brussels-M2idi.

Furriers Amaerican Belgian Coney Dyeing Co. (S. A.), chaussee de Hundelgehm, 262, Meirelbeke. Bekaert A. & R., La Visonette, Nazareth. Bekaert & De Vos (S. A. Etablissements), Quatrecht. Block (S. A. des Anciens itablissements Ed.), rue de l'Eglise, 92, Gentbrugge. de Chaveheid St.., rue de Laeken, 73, Brussels. De Schryver (Veuve P. & Fils), rue 1Faison-aux-Anguilles,. 24, Gand. D. ,U.S. & V. V. C. (S. A. Peausserie et Teinturerie), Tragel, Alost. Fauna (S. A. Pelleteries), Beersel-lez-Malines. Gertzenstein (S. A. Anciens Etablissements R.), square de l'.Aviation, 28a, Brussels. Hartog (Etablissements Marcel), rue de la Bougie, 35, Anderlecht. Hendrick A. & Co., rue d'Assaut, 22, Brussels. A. Loutre (S. La), Denderleeuw. Morel (S. A. Etablissemuents Lazare), 19, rue Prince Albert, Mont-StPelleteries de et a Wacken (S. A.). Scaldis (S. A.), quai de l'Escaut, 7, Mont-St-Amnand.
Van Crombrugge (Les Fils), rue de Loo, 100, Diegheu. Van de Putte .. , Inghem & Cie, rue Simons, 19, Brussels.

Amand.

Van

Grimabergen M. et Cie, rue Herryr, 40, Brussels.

Smoking Tobacco Abdulla & Co. Ltd (S. A.), rue Laneau, 105, Laeken. Bona F., avenue de Monte-Carlo, 78, Forest. Bouquiauxc-Schuttera J., chaussee de Lessines, 63-65, Overboulaere. Bourguignon Auguste, Gros-Fays. Byvoet & Fils (S. A. Veuve Henri), Hechtel. Cassart-Vincent J.., rue de la.Station, Idegem et rue Jean Stas, 28,

Louvain.
Collard Gilbert, Bohan. A.), rue Fstinne, 60, Li4ge. Comptoir National des Tabacs (S. Coppin .Joseph, Wodecq. De Neve (S. A. Manufacture de Tabacs et Cigares A.), chaussee do Blankenberghe,. 18-20, Bruges. Dlenoncin & Co., :Bohan. Denoncin Freres (S. A. Manufacture de Tabac de la Semois), Vresse. De Ruysscher J., rue do la Chaussde 52, Malines.

4107.

Smoking Tobacco (Continued)

Doize (S. A.Louis), rue Entre-Deux-Ponts, 27, Liege. Ducenne Joseph, Fabriqjue du Hlan, Bouillon. Dumont & Cie (S. A. Veuve H.-J.), rue Saint-Thomas, 28, Liege. Enfiadjian & Cie (S. A.), boulevard Leopold II, 18, Brussels. Gallot Am., Thuilies. H-allet Freres, Dohari. Henva.ux-Preudho mne, 246, rue de Wiontigny, Charleroi. Hunin Gaston, Bouillon--sur-Senoi s. Jouret C., Grand'I ue, 334, Havre. Lamarche (S. A. Gilles), rue Louvrex, 95, Liege.
Le Cerf

Ardernais (a.

A. ),

Bouillon.

Loots (S.K. Tabakindustrie Jules), Grand'Place, Herenthals. Magera Jos., rue de Charleroi, 47, Marcinelle. Manufacture Dohannaise de Tabacs de la Cemois, Dohan. Martha Freres, place Didier, 16-28, Anlon. Melloul David, rue 3ouveraine, 9, brussels. Morre Camille, rue des Pigeons, 2-4, Grarnzont. Pauwels (S. A. Manufacture de abacs Joseph),. rue de la Vigne, 9, Anvers. Renard N~estor, rue de la Province, 35-37, Liege. Rtoothans J.-G., & Fils, Bree. Terneven A. & Fils, Alleur.

Tirou-Diricq

J.

(:i. A.), rue Cayauderie, 25, Charleroi.

Vallaey Jules, Staden. Vande Putte-Jonckheere (S. A.), Canal, 5, Alost. Vander Elst Freres (S. A. Usines), rue Gysels, 53, Anvers. Van Kessel J., rue de l'Offranie, 85, jAnvers. Verellen Limited, march6 Saint-Jacques, 43-47, Anvers. kelle Achille, planteur a Bohai, rue du Vivier, 22, Brussels. Cigars Bal F. & Vosters .E., rue du Beguinage, 126, Arendonck. Benedictus I., rue de l'Orient, 45, Anvers. Borremans Wrilf'ried, Kloosterstraat, 51, Grarnniont. Bouquiaux-Schutters Jules, chaussee de Lessines, 63, Overboulaere. Caritas (S. A.), rue des Croisades, 42, St-Josse-ten-Noode. Cassart-Vincent J., rue de la Station, 15-17, Idegemi et rue Jean Stas, 28, Louvain. Cogetama-Neiron (S. A. Etablissements), boulevard de l'Keirnisse, Gand. Collard Gilbert, Bohan. Contamine'A. Fils, rue Solvyns, 78, Anvers. Cortoos Louis & Cie, longue rue des Images, 292, Anvers. Couvert L., Corbion-sur-Semnois. Cuba (S. A. Manufacture de Cigares), Moll. Cuyvers Pierre & Cie, rue de la Station, 31, Neerpelt. Deiplace A. & O~le, rue de Launoy, 125, Brussels. De Neve (S. A. Manufacture de Tabacs et Cigares A.), chaussee de Blankenberghe, 18-20, Bruges. Denoncin junior (S. A. R.), Bohan-sur-Semis. De Ridder Jules, Hofpoort, 10, Turnhout. De Ruysscher J., rue de la Chaussee, 52, Malines.

108

Cigars (Continued) Desclee A., rue de Diest, 101, Louvain. De Smet-D'Hondt Airxi, rue du Pont, 28, Grammnont. De Smet Gaston, Grande Chaussee, Overboulaere. Doize (S. A. Louis), rue IEitre-Deux-Ponts, 27, Liege. Druyts Louis, rue de la Province, 305, Anvers. IEymael Auguste & Cie, rue Antoine Dansaert, 72, Brussels. Florin J. & Fils, place de l'Eglise, 5, Bouillon. Franssen-Willebrords Pierre-, Re ckheirn. Haegemnan-Maquestran Sipouse F., rue de l'I-opital, 47, Granunont. Henvaux-Preudhomme, rue de Montigny, 246, Charleroi. I-erregodts-Verhaegen Vital, rue de la Vigne, 45, Grauont. Hunin Gaston, Bouillon. Jubile (S. A.), anciennmeient Van Zuylen Freres, rue Feronstree, 95, Liege. Kerssemakers H. & File, avenue Jean Broeckaert, 3, Wetteren. Lamarche (S. A. Gilles), rue Louvrex, 95, Liege. Lercangee E~dgar, boulevard du Chateau, 279, Gand. Leysens J. & A., rue Neuve, 22-24, Gheel. Loots (S. A. Tabakindustrie Jules), Grand'Place, Herenthals. Loriaux Fr., rue de la Royaute, 20, Laeken. Maas Jean, rue de 1'H04pital, 96-100, Arendonck. Magera Jos. rue de Charleroi, 47, Marcinelle. Marits D). rue du Vallon, 17, Brussels. Martha Freres, place Didier,. 16-18, Arlon. Meynen H. & L.,Passtraat, 60.68, Gheel Mignot en De Block (N~. V. Vereenigde Tabakindustrie), Sint-Nicolaas (Waas). Moelants Leon, chaussee de Namiur, 104, 1ieverle. Neeskens Fr. & Fils, rue de la Loutre, 92, Turnhout. Nicoleto-Princeps (S. A. Etablissemnents), rue dui Conumerce, 45, et rue de l'Off'rande, 65, Anivers. Comns Jean, rue du Noyer, 350, Brussels. Peickinans H., Vieux-Canal, 44, Turnhout. Pigeolet C., chaussee d'IEnghien, 145, Viaene-Moerbeke. Prior (S. A Manufacture de cigares), rue des Patriotes, 35-39, Anvers. 0 Renard Nestor, rue de la Province, 35-37, Liege. Roderburg Hermnann, rue d'Aix, 25, Eupen. Rodts & Delichte, Knesselaere. Ruiters Guillaumue, reinpart Saint-Materne, Tongres. Sannes Credo (S. A.), rue Allewaert, II, Anvers. Swane-Dagevos J., Neerpelt. Taf (S. A. de Cigares et Cigarillos), rue Jean dtOutremeuse, 64, Liege. Tinchant y Gonzales & Cie (Jose), rue Breydel, 15-17, Anvers. Tirou-Diricq J. (S. A.), rue Cayauderie, 25, Charleroi. Vanden Audenaerde Jos., Mertenstraat, 44, Anvers. Vander lst Freres (S. A. Useines), rue Gysels, 53, Anvers. Vander Veken Jules, rue des Babillards, 44, Anvers. Jette-Saint-Pierre. Van Lierde, rue du Pr4, 3., Verrenigde Tabakwerkers, rue de la Dendre, 35, Geraardsbergen. Verellen Ltd, Marche Saint-Jacques, 43-47, Anvers. Wilson Jos., rue Cuylits, 36., Anvers. Wyters Felix, rue du Rossignol, 46, Anvers. Wuyts Henri, Arendonck.

109o'

Cigarettes Araks (S. A. ianuifacture de Cigarettes), boulevard Leopold II, 18, Brussels. Bogdanoff (S. A.), boulevard Leopold II, 18, Brussels. Collard Gilbert, Bohan. Comupagnie Beige de Tabacs (Cobeta) (S. A.), avenue Firmin Le Charlier, 152-162, Jette-Saint-Pierre. Davros (S. A. Cigarettes Orientales), boulevard Leopold II, 18, Brussels. De Smedt Alphonse, rue du Village, 30, Stekene, De Wilde Georges, avenue Voltaire, 85, Brussels, Doize (S. A. Louis), rue JEntre-Deux-Ponts, 27, Liege. Enfiadjian & Cie (S. A.), boulevard Leopold II, 18, Brussels. Florin J. & Fils, place de itiEglise, 5, Bouillon. Gosset (S. A. Etablissements), rue Gabrielle Petit, 6, Molenbeek-Saint Jean. Henveaux-Preudhomme, rue de Montigny, 246, Charleroi. Job (S. A. Societe), chaussee de Haecht, 118, Brussels. John Thomass (S. A.), anciennement Van Zuylen Freres, rue Feronstree 95, Liege. A. Lamiarche (S. Gilles), rue Louvrex, 95, Liege. Laurens "Le Khe'dive~t, Extension Belge (S. A.), rue Axnericaine, 101, Brussels. Martha Freres, place D idier, 16-19, Arlon Melloul David, rue Souveraine, 9, Brussels. Miami (S. A. Etablissements), rue Darchis, 5, Liege. Renard Nestor, rue de la Province, 35-37, Lidge. Safata (S. A. pour le Faconnage du Tabac), chaussee de Haecht, 140, Schaerbeek. Tabacalera (S. A. La), rue dui Commerce, 15 Anvers. Thevenet (S. A. Nouveaux Etablissemnents L.-R.), rue Rboyale, 182, Brussels. Tinchant y Gonzales & Cie (Jose), rue Breydel, 1517, Anvers. Tirou-Diricq J. (S. A.), rue Cayauderie, 25, Charleroi. Turmac (S. A. Belge), boulevard Leopold II, 18, Brussels. Vande Putte-Jonckheere (S. A.), Canal, 4-6, Alost. Vander Elst Freres (S. A. Usines), rue Gysels, 53, Anvers. Van Kessel J., rue de l'Offrande, 85, Anvers. Verellen Ltd., Marche Saint-Jacques, 43-47, Anvers. Wrarland Odon, rue de Koninck, 58, Molenbeek-S3t-Jean. Wdelle Achille, rue du Vivier, 82, Brussels. Glass Glaceries Reunies (S. A.), Jemeppe-sur-Samubre. Indestructo Co., (S. A. The Belgian), rue Montagne du Pa~rc, 2, Brussels. Splintex (S. A.), Gilly. Union Comnmerciale des Glaceries Belges, chaussee de Charleroi, 81, Brussels. Faucquez (S. A. des Verreries de et a). Glaces et Verres (Glaver) (S. A.), chaussee de Charleroi, 4, Brussels. Saint-Gobain, Chauny et Civrey (S. A.) (Manufacture des Glaces et Produits Chimiiques de), Franieres.

110

Glass (Continued) Hamendes (S. A. des Verreries des), Jumet. Hermitage (S. A. des Verreries de it), Jumuet. Verreries Belges ('S. A. des), Jumet. Verres Speciaux de. et a Bonne-Esperance (S. A.), Bonne-Esperaice. Verreries de et Bricks AlatFoin a rse-e-sle.Ateliers (briques jaunes). de et Ghistelles (S. A,. Les) Belgestii (S. A. beige de Gestion inbnobiliere), rue des Foulons, I, Gand. Bolle & Castiau, Framneries. Braecknans A. en Verrept, Veerstraat, 52, Rumpst. Briqueterie du Canal de la Campine (S. A.), Ryckevorsel. Briqueteries du Courtraisis (S. A.), Moen. Briqueteries M~ecanique d'.Ere (3. A.), Tournai. Briqueteries Nationales de et a Steene-lez-Ostende (S. A. Les); siege social :boulevard Emnile Jacqgnain, 120, Brussels. Briqueteries de Stekene et de Thielrode (S. A.), Dock, 39, Gand. Briqueteries et Tuileries dui Brabant (S. A.), rue des Freres Tayrnans, 6, Tubize. Briqueteries & Tuileries Reunies (S. A.), Boom. Caillau & David, Rozendaelstraat, 62, Veurne. Cimenteries et Briqueteries Reunies (S. A.), avenue de France, 55, Anvers. Compagniie Briqueteire de la Cainpine (3. A.), St-Leonard (Anvers). Coinpagnie Briquetiere de la -vest-Flandre (S. A.), boulevard de la Toison d t r, 46, Bruges. Cordier Camille, rue d'Horrues, 31, Braine-le-Comate. Cuykens (Veuve Constant), Lechenen, Lierre. Dapsens (S. A. Anciennes Briqueteries.), Tournai. De Beukelaer Freres, Terhagen. de Breyne Octave & Cie,. Beersse. De Bruyn Emile-A., Contich. De Clercq-Reynaert Maurice, Briqueterie Mecanique du Borreberg, Aniseghem. De Edelsteen (N. V. Steenfabriek), Beersse. Delvou Herman, Kerkstraat, 17, Niel. De Neef Freres (S. t1. Briqueteries), Niel-lezBoomn. De Roeck (S. A.), Hloek, 30, Boom. Docteur Nestor, Voroux-lez-Liers. Duquesne Camille,. Huissignies. Duselpulchre Honor6, chaussee de Mons, 1210, Anderlecht. Henyres & de draniin (3. A. Briqueteries & Tuileries di), Hennuye~res. Houben & Spitz, Aldeneyck, aseyck. Industrielle du Rupel. (S. A. Compagnie), Boom. Janssen & ivaes (S. A. Briqueteries Mecaniques ), Saint-Leonard (Camnpine). Janssens Freres, Niel-lei Boon. Keinpische Steenfabrikanten (N. V. Vereeniging der), Beersse. Landuyt (S. A. Briqueteries et Ateliers), Terhaegen-Boomn. Leens Fr., Beuklaan, 14, Boom. Porphyre de Quenast (5. A. Carrieres de), rue du Corrnerce, 40, Brussels.

Fauquez (a. A. dee).

111 40

Bricks (Continued) Saint-Pierre (S. A. Briqjueterie Mecanique), Hemiixem. Sarnenwerkende Ste ennijveraars (S. A.), Steenbakkerijen te Steendorp,. Kerkstraat, 47, Terhaegen. Schouterden Th.,i aeseyck. Sint-Franciscus (S. A. Steenbakkerijen), Beersse. Syndikaat der Machiensteenbakkerijen van Boom en Omstreken, Terhaegen. Tobback-Van de Velde (S. A.), Tuyartstraat, 22, Boom. Tuileries et Briqueteries d'Oedelem (S. A.), Qedelem. Verbist L. & Verstrepen, Coin, 124, Boom. Veys & Cie, Briqueteries mecaniques, Vlamertinghe. Wauters .Fdouard, Kanaal, Beersee. Comupagnie briqueti~re de la Camnpine (S. A.), St-Leonard (Anvers). Faiencerie de Revgternents et Briques de Fagade de et a Ligne (S. A..) Hennuy~res & de olanlin (S. A. Tuileries et Briqueteries d'), Hennuyeres). Landuyt (S.. A. Briqueteries et. Ateliers), Terhaegen-Boomn. Nouvelles Tuileries de Havinnes (S. A.), Havinnes. Tuileries et Briqueteries Notre-Damie (S.A.), Tongres.. Tuileries et Briqueteries Tongroises (S. A.), chaussee de Maastricht, Tongres. Belgestim (S. A. beige de Gestion inimobiiere), rue des Foulons, I, Gand. Briqueteries du Courtraisis (S. A.), Moen. Briqueteries Modern, Courtrai. Briqueteries Nationales de eta~ Steene-lez-Ostende (S. A. Les), siege social : boulevard smaile Jacqgnain, 120, Brussels. Caillau & David, Rozendaelstraat, 62, Veurne. Champagne (S. A. FEtablissements Lgon), Tubize. Cornpagnie Briquetibre do la Campine (S. A.), St-Leonard (Anvers); bureaux : rue du Berceau, 16, Anvers. Compagnie Briquetiere de la West-Flandre (S.A.), boulevard do la Toison d'Or, 46, Bruges. Comptoir Tuilier do Courtrai, Courtrai. Coppieters Fernand, Briqueteries Sainte-Mvarie et Saint-Antoine, chaussee do Thourout, 26, Saint-Andre-lez-Bruges. De Clercq-Roynaert Maurice, Briqueterie mecanique du Borreberg, Anseghemn. Do Roeck (S. A.), Hook, 30, Boom. Faioncerie do Revetements et Briques do Fagade (S. A.), Ligne (Hainaut). Ferbeek Max, Welkenraedt. Gr~s Bleu du Bois d'Horrues (S. A. des Carri~eres de), Ecaussines-1ezLalaing. Houben & Spitz, Aldeneyck, Masoyck. Janssen et Maes (S. A. Briqueteries Mecaniques), Saint-Leonard (Campine). Landuyt (S. A. Briqueteries et Ateliers), Terhaegen-Boom. Tuileries & Briqueteries Notre-Dame (S. A.), Tongres. Verbeeck Ch., chaussee d'Anvers, 37, Boom. Verbeeck L. & Van Reeth V. (S. A. Briqueteries et Tuilerie), Boom. Veys & Cie, Briqueteries Saint-Antoine, Vlarnertinghe.

..112

Tile Belgestima (S. A. beige de Gestion imnnobiliere), rue des Foulons, I, Gand. Bouzin P., 38, rue Grandsart, Antoing. Brabant (S. A. Briqueteries et Tuileries du), rue des Freres Taymans, 6, Tubize. Briqueteries et Tuileries Reunies (S. A.), Boom. Campine (S. A. Tuileries Modernes de la), rue de la Loutre, 6, Turnhout. Comptoir Tuilier de Courtrai, faubourg de Tournai, 2, Courtrai. De Bruyn m&ile-A., Contich. Delvin Jules & Louis, Ghislenghien. De Greef-Wachters A. , Niel. De Neef Freres, Niel. Havinnes-lez-Tournai (S. A. Nouvelles Tuileries de et a). Heerle-Minderhout (S. A. Briqueteries et Tuileries de), Minderhout. I-ennuyeres et Wlanlin (S. A. Tuileries et Briqueteries d'), Hennuyeres. Hoeven L., 3teenweg, 5, Lanklaer. Janssen & Cie (S. A. Steenbakkerij), Boom. Janssen & Maes (S. A. Briqueteries Mecaniques), Saint-Leonard (Campine). Landuyt (5. A. Briqueteries et Ateliers), Terhaegen-Boom. Ligne (Nouvelles Tuileries et Briqueteries Mecaniques de et i.). Marcke-lez-Courtrai (S. A. des Tuileries de et a). Nieuwe Tijd (S. A. Briqueteries et Tuileries De), iMierxplas. Notre-Dame (S. A. Tuileries et Briqueteries), Tongres. Nouvelles Tuileries d'H-avinnes (S. A.), H-avinnes. DUedelem et Extensions (S. A. Tuileries et Briqueteries d'), Oedelem. Produits Re~fractaires et Gres Cerames de et a Bourlers (S. A. des). Produits Refractaires de et a.Sirault (S. A.). Reunis de et a Boomn (S. A. Briqueteries et Tuileries). Rupel et Nethe (S. A. Briqueteries Reunies du), Ruinpst (bureaux place des Barricades, 2, Brussels). Sainte-IElisabeth (S. A. Briqueterie et Tuilerie), Baudour. Sainte-Marie et Saint-Antoine (S. A. Briqueteries et Tuileries Mdecaniques), Zandvoorde. Sottiaiux Auguste, Mellet. Tongroises (S. A. Tuileries et Briqueteries), Tongres. Tuileries Sainte-Catherine, Hiavinnes. Turnhout (S. A.) Tuileries Mecaniques) (marque T.T.R.). Van Enis-Decruyenaere, Tuilerie "La Lys", Lauwe-lez-Coutrai. Verstrepen & Cie (S. A. Briqueteries et Tuileries Charles), Boom. Pottery Caesens Freres, rue des Charrons, Courtrai. Carli Jean, rue L'Olivier,. 55, Brussels. Faienceries de St-Ghislain (S. A. des), St Ghislain. Froustey M. H., avenue de l'Arxnee, 44, Brussels. Gres de et a Bouffiouix (S. A. des) (fantaisies, reveternents, vases, etc. Guerini Roger, rue General Jacques, 22"a~ 26, Bouffioulx. Helman (S. A. Maison) chaussee de Gand, 434, Berchern-Ste-Agathe. Le Hibou (S. nomn coil.), quai aux Briques, 5-8, Brug~s. Noseda A. en Zonen, Beheerstraat, 39, Kortrijk.
a

-113

Pottery (Continued)
. Sars-La-Bruy'ere (S. A. des). Poterie Flamande (S. A. Societe Beige de), avenue Theodore Sevens, Courtrai. Scheerders-Van Kerkhove ts Vereenigde.Fabrieken (N. V.), Sint-Niklaas

Poteries d'Art de et

Tuileries et Briqueteries Notre-Dame (S. A.), Tongres. Willemyns (Etablissernents), rue Verte-Saint-Pierre, Bruges (Scheepsdaele). Adam Joseph, rue de la Praye, 2-4, Chatelet. Brique de Parernent (S. At.), Stree (Hainaut). Briqueteries Nationales de et a Steene-lez-stende (S. A. des). Champagne (S. A. Ltabli sse-nnts Ln), Tubize. de Bucourt Louis, quaff de Coronmeuse, 42, Liege. De Greef-Wachter A., Niel. Delvin Jules et Louis, Ghislenihien (id). Ferbeck Max, delkenraedt. Hennuyeres et de F'anin (S. A. Tuileries et Briqueteries d'), Hennuyeres. Janssen et Maes (5. A. Briqueteries Mecaniques), Saint-Leonard (Campine). Landuyt (S. A. Briqueteries et Ateliers), Terhaegen-Boom. Le Hibou (S.nomn coil.), quaif-aux-Briques, 5-8. Bruges. ivillet Freres, Tuileries et Poteries, Waret-la-Chausse'e. Nouvelles Tuileries de et a.Havinnes (s. A.). Nouvelles Tuileries M~ecaniques de et a Ligne (S. A.). Gedelein (S. A, 'Briqueterie d'), Cedelem. Produits Refractaires et Gires ce'rames (S. A.),de et a Bourlers..

Scheerders-Van
(Waas).
Tuileries Tuileries Tuileries Tuileries

Kerchove

?5

Vereenigde Fabrieken (N. V.), Sint-Niklaas

et Briqueteries Notre-Damne (S. A.), Tongres. et Briqueteries dtGedelen et Extensions (S. A.), Oedelem. Nationales Belges (S. A.), rue des Chartreux, II, Brussels. Sainte-Catherine (S. A.), Havinnes. Vander Gucht-Pilaet (Weduwe) en Zoon, Tarise. Verroken J. & De Bo F., Nukerke. willemyis (Etablissemnents), rue Verte Saint-Pierre, Bruges. Porcelain Boch Freres (Faiencerie de Keraris), La Louviere. Cerabel (S. A. Societe beige de Ceramique), division de Baudour; siege social: 2, rue de la Regence, Brussels. Ceramique de Brussels (S. A.), rue du Dobbelenberg, 85, Haren-Nord. Cerarnique de Herent (S. A. La), Herent-lez-Louvain. Ceramique Montoise (S. A. La), avenue des Canadiens, 17, Mons. Ceraniique Nationale (S. A. La), Welkenraedt. Demeuldre-Coch6 L., chaussee de Wavre, 141 Brussels. Hemixem (S. A. Manufactures C~ramiques d'), Gilliot et Cie, Hemixem. Ma~jolique (S. A. La), rue de la Perche, 9, Wasmuel. Niniy (S. A. Faiencerie de et a). Pbtre et Cie (S. A. des Manufactures), Baudour. Saint-Ghislain (S. A. Faiencerie de), rue du Port, 113, Saint-Ghislain. "Teco"' (S. A.), rue de la Station, Bois-de-Breux. Thulin (S. A. des Faienceries de et a). Wasmuel (S. A. Falencerie de), a Quaregnon-Wasmuel.

14.-

i Cables et F> i 4ectriques (S. A. Societe Beige pour la Fabrication do), rue du Marche, 79, Brussels. C~bleries et Corderies du Hiainaut (S. A. des), Dour. Charleroi (S. A. Ateliers de). Constructions Electriques de et "a Cuivre et a Zinc (S. A. des Usines a), rue Froidmaont, 82, Liege. A. Eupen (S. Manufactures die Cables Electriques et de Caoutchouc). Industrielle des Metaux (S. A.), rue Gheude, 39 et 41, Anderlecht. Laminoirs & Trefileries d'Anvers (S. A. Franco-Belge des), Hemixern, :8, rue Joseph II, Brussels.) (bureaux Montefiore (S. A4. itciennies Usines), 14, rue du Bronze, Brussels, SenefLe. Seneffolse (S. A. la), 'a Dynamos Barbier (S. A. Ateliers de. Constructions IElectriques S.), FlernalleHaute. Constructions Electriques de Beigique (S.. A.), 29, quaif'de Coronmieuse, Lie'ge. harlerol (S. A. Ateliers de). Construction zSl ctrique do t C. Decoster J., esps.ae r. ~Lectricit 6 et de M~canique (S. A. d), S.E.L., chaussee de Charleroi, 54, Brussel~. A.), Industriel: s at Commerciale Electro4 canique (IC..-),(S. Nessonvautx, Maento Beige (S. A. La), rue Marconi, 141, Uccie. ~oes (Ateliers), rue do Fetinhne, 96-98, Liege. Trans formers Ateliers o~ s; ,u do Fetinne, 96, Liege. Constructions 1~ectriques do Belgique (S. A.), 29, qualf do Coronmieuse, Liege. Constructions .ilectiques de et a Charleroi (S. A. Ateliers de). (S. A.), chausse do Charleroi, 54, Brussels. 'icniue 6c Electricite Gardy (S. A. Societe' Beige), Dieweg, 3, Uccle. Usines Balteau, rue do Serv'ie, 91, Liege.

Marble

Producers

Allard Gustave, rue Van Lint, 33, Brussels.

Artoisenet &

Cie

(S.A.), Rhisnes.

Baily-Grinme.,V., Rance. Bernard Freres, Basecles. Bleu Freres, Basecles a Bruxelman Albert, avenue du
Carrieres de la

Mi].,

2, Ledeberg.
A. des), Conlblain-au-Pokt.

Belle-Roche, (S.

Carrieres Carrieres Carrisres Carri'res

du du de de

A. des) , Barse-Vierset . Condroz Hainaut (S. A.), Soignies. la Jastrele (S. A.), Barvaux-sur-OUrthe. Marbre do Neuville _(S . A-), Philippeville.

(S.

-115

Marble Producers (Continued) Chardon J., Rance. Comnpagnie Generale des 1Marbres (S. A.), Gougnies. Croonenbergs Armand & File, avenue des Acacias, 51, Jambes. Daffe Henri, Ligny (S. A. Carrieres de iiarbre d'Anhee). Daffe (S. A. .gtabliesements Oscar), Noucelles. Debraine (liaison), rue Saint-Eileuthere, 34, Tournai. Dejaiffe Freres (3. A. A ciennes Carrieres et Usines), Mazy. Delfosse Adoiphe et Soeurs, place de la Victoire, 75, Basecles. Dernier (S. A.Scieries de Marbes), Prayon-lez-Liege. Dethier Henri-Joseph & L., Cariere de la Baronne, Petit Moulin, 79, Feluy-Arquennes. Devillers (Societe nouvelle des carrieres), 2, rue de Suisse, Brussels. Devouge A., Falemprise. &iglebert Nicolas, Pry-lez-Walcourt. Etienne Arthur, Mazy. Forterns Roger, Genappes.
Goffay M., Carrieres des

Forges-Baslen,

Dolhain.

Gres, Marbres et Petits-Granite d'Yvoir (S. A. des), Yvoir. Guyaux Freres, Bouffioulx. Lallemand D., Scierie et Marbrerie de Namur a Neaur. Lambinet Adh., avenue du Port, 106, Brussels. Les Nouvelles Carrieres de Basecles (S. A.), a Basecles. Losange Hienri, 8, square Sainctelette, Brussels. Marbrerie de et a hergenrath (S. A.). Marbres belges (S. A. des), Bas~ecles. Marbres et Fours a Chaux "Marchaux' (S. A. des Carrieres de), Peruwelz. Marbres, Pierres et Grants (S. A. Belge des), rue des Petits-Carmes, II, Brussels. Marmor (S. A.), Gougnies-lez-Acoz. Mathieu (Les File d'Alfred) (Cie des Marbres d'Art), rue de la Loi, 58, Brussels. Merbes-Sprimront (S. A. de eta') (bureaux : rue de Suisse, 2, Brussels). Mosbeux F. et Deblon R., chaussee de Louvain, 664, Brussels. Raffo Freres, et Cie, avenue du Port, 116, Brussels. Roland iEd., rue de Conde, 56, Basecles. Romnbaux Rolland (S. A. Carrieres et Scieries), Ecaussines-Carrieres. Scieries et Marbrerie de Maredret (S. A. Simardret), route d'Erineton,
Sosoye-1aredret..

avenue Plantin, 58, Anvers. Sermonii, Stocq Georges, Sery-Mettet. Wasson Lucien, rue de Hodirnont, 91, Verviers. Furniture Manufacturers

Art Mobilier

(S. A. LI), rue Vieille de Gand, 110, Bruges. Cayzeele-E'veraert F., chaussee de Tronchienne, 176, Gand. Clement Louis, rue Otlet, 10, Brussels4(idi. Corrneau Philippe, longue rue des Pierres, II, Gand. Dangotte C., rue Saint-Bernard, 18, Brussels. De Graevte A., rue de la Loi, 114, Brussels. De Graeve Gaston, chaussee de Charleroi, 107, Brussels.

116

Fufiniture :manufacturers (Continued)

De Ronne Fernand, chaussee de Louvain, 194, Brusseis. Do Schutter Leonce, rue Jacobs Fontaine, 99-103, Brussels. Do Vadder Freres, rue Georges Moreau, 32, Anderlecht. D~ufour J., rue de la Croix de Pierre, 63, Brussels. Fortuna (S. A. Ateliers), rue du Pelican, 18, Gand. Ghemn (Etablissements Joseph), avenue de Levis-Mirepoix, 9, JetteSaint-Pierre. Grondal J., avenue Victor Jacobs, 78, Brussels. Houman Gustave, rue de Birmingham, 287, Brussels. Janssens Maurice, rue Leopold, 7, Brussels. Levens P., Marche-aux-Grains, 14, Malinos.
Minon

L., 'avenue du

Pont-de-Luttre, 79, Forest.

Pasquier (S. A. Les Usines), rue do France, 36, Brussols-Mlidi. Pottier L., rue do la Veriaicollerie, 4-6-8, Brussels. Tomasini H. & Bogaert L., rue do la Senne, 40, Brussels. Van Brando I. (Vve), rue de 1'Escaut, 4, Molenbeek-Saint-Jean. Van Cutsem Leon,. rue de la Concorde, 66, Brussels. Vanderborght Freres (S. A. des Grands Magasins), rue do l'Ecuver, 4658, Brussels, Van Haegenborg Victor, rue de la Serrure, 26, Brussels. Withof Eugene, rue do l'Agriculture, 17-19, Malines. Paper and Cardboard Cartonneries de l'.Escaut (S. A.), Boonwijck, Saint-Gilles-lez-Termonde. Cartonneries de Refat (S. A.), Refat-Stavelot (cuir). Cartonneries Saint-Michel (S. A.), avenue Huysmnans, Loth. Catala-Onduliun (S. A. Papeteries), Droogenbosch. Closset Ch. & Cie, rue Tivoli, 14, Verviers-Est. De Coninck (S. A. Usines G.), Dieghem. Demoniny Joseph, Clabecq. Dendro (S. A. Papeteries et Cartonneries do La), Audegemn-lez-Tormonde. Fontaine L. & A., Goefferdingen-lez-Gramnont. Godin (S. A. des Papeteries), iiuy. Nieuwland Willy, rue do Bosnie, 22, Brussels. Papeteries do Belgique (S. A.), rue do la Grande-Ile, 39, Brussels. Papeteries do et a Gastuche (S. A. Los). Philippe (S. A. Etablissements N.), Trazegnies. Steinbach & Cie (S. A. Papeteries), Malmedy. Vanbreuze (S. A. Anciens Etablissoements), rue du Faubourg, 7, BrusselsNord. Winderickx Freres, Alsernberg. Conduits Conduites d'Eau (S. A. Compagnie Generale des), rue des Vennes, 430, Liege. Fonderies & Distributions d'Eau (S. A.), Ciney. La Louviere (Nouvelle S. A.). Hauts-Fourneaux & Fonderies do et Lebrun (S. A. Fonderies B.), rue Egalite, Nirny lez Mons.

,,.4N

1.. Conduits (Continued) Ateliers Metallurgiques (S. A.), Nivelles. Bertinchamps & Monseu, rue du Charbonnage, Montignies-sur. Sambre. Boulonneries de Franiere et do Lodelinsart (S. A. Uuines et), Franiere. Construction & Chaudronnerie de et a Viesville (3. A.). Furaiere Freres (S. A. Usines), Forchies-la-Marche. Gilson (S. A. des Usines), La Croyere. Ronunens Freres, rue Tweemont, 51, DeurneAnvers. Spiltoir, Rappez, iiecq (S. A.), Heaine-Saint-Paul. Tubes do la Meuse (S. A. Usines ah), Flemalle-Haute et Jemappes. Tubes de Nimy (S. A.), Ni-lez Mons. Tuyauteries & Constructions (S. A.), rue do l~a Blanchisserie, 43, Brussels. Tuyautogene (S. A. La), Ougre.

PROVISIONAL

EDITION

FREE

MAP NO. 602,

JUNE 11,1942

DRAWN

IN GEOGRAPHY

DIVISION, C 0.I.

24-64610ABCD