Suggested solution to HKCEE 2004 Additional Mathematics

1. Find
(a) ∫ cos(3x + 1)dx .
∫ (2 − x )
2004
(b) dx .
(4 marks)

∫ cos(3x + 1)dx = 3 ∫ cos(3x + 1)d (3x + 1)

1
(a)

= sin (3x +1) + C , where C is a constant.

1
3
∫ (2 − x ) dx = − ∫ (2 − x ) d (2 − x )
2004 2004
(b)

=−
(2 − x )2005
+ C, where C is a constant.
2005
2. (a) Expand (1 + 2x)6 in ascending powers of x up to the term x3.
 1 1 
Find the constant term in the expansion of 1 − + 2 (1 + 2 x ) .
6
(b)
 x x 
(4 marks)
(a) (1 + 2x)6 = 1 + 6(2x) + 15(2x)2 + 20(2x)3 + .......
= 1 + 12x + 60x2 + 160x3 + ........
 1 1  6  1 1 
(
(b) 1 − + 2 (1 + 2 x ) = 1 − + 2  1 + 12 x + 60 x 2 + 160 x 3 + ! )
 x x   x x 
constant term = 1×1 – 12 + 60 = 49
dy
3. The slope at any point (x, y) of a curve C is given by = 3 x 2 + 1 . If the x-intercept of C is 1,
dx
find the equation of C.
(4 marks)
dy
dx
(
= 3 x 2 + 1 ⇒ y = ∫ 3 x 2 + 1 dx )
y = x3 + x + c, where c is a constant
when x = 1, y = 0 = 1 + 1 + c, c = –2
y = x3 + x – 2.
4.

In Figure 1, the shaded region is bounded by the circle x2 + y2 = 9, the x-axis, the y-axis and
the line y = 2. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region about the y-axis.
(4 marks)
Volume V = ∫ πx 2 dy
2

(
= π ∫ 9 − y 2 dy
2

0
)
2
 1  46π
= π 9 y − y 3  = cubic units.
 3 0 3
5. Find the general solution of the equation
sin 3x + sin x = cos x.

(5 marks)
2 sin 2x cos x = cos x
1
cos x = 0 or sin 2x =
2
π nπ n π
x = 2nπ ± or x = + (− 1) , where n is an integer.
2 2 12
6.

In Figure 2, OAB is a triangle. C is a point on AB such that AC : CB = 1 : 2. Let OA = a and

OB = b.
(a) Express OC in terms of a and b.
2π
(b) If |a| = 1, |b| = 2 and ∠AOB = , find |OC |.
3
(5 marks)
" "
2a + b
(a) OC = .
3
" " " "
2a + b 2a + b
(b) |OC | = OC ⋅ OC =
2
⋅
3 3
1 "2 " " "
=  4 a + 4a ⋅ b + b 
2

9 
1 2π 
=  4 + 4 × 1× 2 × cos + 2 2 
9 3 
4
=
9
n
7. Prove that 9 – 1 is divisible by 8 for all positive integers n.
( 5 marks)
By induction on n. n = 1, 9 – 1 = 8 which is divisible by 8. It is true for n= 1.
Suppose 9k – 1 = 8m, where k is a positive integer and m is an integer.
9k+1 – 1 = 9(9k) – 1 = 9(8m + 1) – 1
= 72m + 8 = 8(9m + 1), which is a multiple of 8.
Therefore, 9k+1 – 1 is also divisible by 8 if 9k – 1 is divisible by 8 and k is a positive integer.
By the principle of mathematical induction, 9n – 1 is divisible by 8 for all positive integers n.
8. Solve the following equations:
(a) |x – 3| = 1.
(b) |x – 1| = |x2 – 4x + 3|.
(6 marks)
(a) x – 3 = 1 or x – 3 = –1
x = 4 or 2
(b) x – 1 = x2 – 4x + 3 or –x + 1 = x2 – 4x + 3
x2 – 5x + 4 = 0 or x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
(x – 1)(x – 4) = 0 or (x – 1)(x – 2) = 0
x = 1, 2 or 4.
9.

In Figure 3, P(a, b) is a point on the curve C: y = x3. The tangent to C at P passes through the
point (0, 2).
(a) Show that b = 3a3 + 2.
(b) Find the values of a and b.
(6 marks)
dy
(a) Differentiate C with respect to x: = 3x2 = slope of tangent at P.
dx
b−2
3a2 = ⇒ 3a3 = b – 2
a−0
b = 3a3 + 2
(b) #P(a, b) lies on the curve, b = a3
a3 = 3a3 + 2
a3 = –1 ⇒ a = –1
b = –1
10. Let O be the origin and A be the point (3, 4). P is a variable point such that the area of ∆OPA
is always equal to 2.
Show that the locus of P is a pair of parallel lines.
Find the distance between these two lines. (6 marks)
0 0
1 x y
Let P(x, y), =2
2 3 4
0 0
|4x – 3y| = 4
4x – 3y – 4 = 0 or 4x – 3y + 4 = 0
So the locus is a pair of parallel lines.
4 − (− 4 ) 8
The distance is: = .
4 2 + (− 3) 5
2

11.

In Figure 4, OABC is a pyramid such that OA = 3, OB = 5, BC = 12, ∠AOC = 120° and

∠OAB = ∠OBC = 90°.
(a) Find AC.
(b) A student says that the angle between the planes OBC and ABC can be represented by
∠OBA. Determine whether the student is correct or not. (6 marks)
 (a) In ∆OBC, OC = 5 2 + 12 2 = 13
In ∆OAC, AC2 = 32 + 132 – 2(3)(13) cos 120° = 217
AC = 217
(b) In ∆OAB, AB = 5 2 − 32 = 4
In ∆ABC, AB2 + BC2 = 42 + 122 = 160 < 217 = AC2
∴∠ABC ≠ 90°
The angle between the planes OBC and ABC is not ∠OBA, the student is incorrect.
12.

Figure 5 shows two lines L1: y = –x + c and L2: y = 2x, where c > 0. The two lines intersect at
point P.
(a) Let θ be the acute angle between L1 and L2. Find tan θ.
(b) L1 intersects the x- and y-axes at the points A and B respectively. Find AP : PB.
(7 marks)
2 − (− 1)
(a) tan θ = =3
1 + 2(− 1)
(b) A = (c, 0), B = (0, c).
c
Solving L1: y = –x + c and L2: y = 2x; y = –x + c = 2x; x =
3
r × 0 + 1× c c
Let AP : PB = r : 1, then by the section formula, =
1+ r 3
⇒ r = 2; AP : PB = 2 : 1
13.

In Figure 6, OABC and ODEF are two squares such that OA = 1, OF = 2 and ∠COD = θ,
where 0° < θ < 90°. Let OD = 2i and OF = –2j, where i and j are two perpendicular unit
vectors.
(a) (i) Express OC and OA in terms of θ, i and j.
(ii) Show that AD = (2 + sin θ) i – cos θ j.
(4 marks)
(b) Show that AD is always perpendicular to FC .
(4 marks)
(c) Find the value(s) of θ such that points B, C and E are collinear. Give your answer(s)
correct to the nearest degree. (4 marks)
" "
(a) (i) OC = cos θ i + sin θ j
 " "
OA = cos(90° + θ) i + sin(90° + θ) j
" "
= –sin θ i + cos θ j
(ii) AD = OD − OA
" " "
= 2 i – (–sin θ i + cos θ j )
" "
= (2 + sin θ) i – cos θ j .
" " " " "
(b) FC = OC – OF = cos θ i + sin θ j – (–2 j ) = cos θ i + (sin θ + 2) j
" " " "
AD ⋅ FC = [(2 + sin θ) i – cos θ j ]⋅[cos θ i + (sin θ + 2) j ]
= (2 + sin θ)cos θ – cos θ(sin θ + 2) = 0
AD ⊥ FC
" "
(c) CB = OA = –sin θ i + cos θ j
" " " "
CE = OC – OE = cos θ i + sin θ j – (2 i – 2 j )
" "
= (cos θ – 2) i + (sin θ + 2) j
If B, C and E are collinear, then CE = k CB
" " " "
(cos θ – 2) i + (sin θ + 2) j = k(–sin θ i + cos θ j )
cos θ – 2 = –k sin θ ..... (1)
sin θ + 2 = k cos θ ....... (2)
cos θ − 2 sin θ
(1)÷(2) =−
sin θ + 2 cos θ
cos2θ – 2 cos θ = –sin2θ – 2 sin θ
1 = 2 cos θ – 2 sin θ
( )
1 = 2 2 cos θ cos 45 $ − sin θ sin 45$
1
cos(θ + 45°) =
2 2
θ + 45° = 69°
θ = 24°
14. C1 and C2 are the circles x2 + y2 = 36 and x2 + y2 – 10x + 16 = 0 respectively.
(a) (i) Show that, for all values of θ, the variable point P(6cosθ,6sinθ) always lies on C1.
(ii) Find, in terms of θ, the equation of the tangent to C1 at P(6 cos θ, 6 sin θ).(3marks)
(b)

Let L be the common tangent to C1 and C2 with a positive slope (see Figure 7).
(i) Using (a), or otherwise, find the equation of L.
(ii) It is known that C1 and C2 intersect at two distinct points Q and R. A circle C3,
passing through Q and R, is bisected by L. Find the equation of C3. (9 marks)
(a) (i) sub P(6cosθ,6sinθ) into C1.
LHS = (6 cos θ)2 + (6 sin θ)2 = 36 = RHS
so the point always lies on C1.
 (ii) Equation of tangent: 6 cos θ x + 6 sin θ y = 36
⇒ x cos θ + y sin θ = 6
(b) (i) C2: x2 + y2 – 10x + 16 = 0, centre (5, 0), radius = 5 2 − 16 = 3
since x cos θ + y sin θ = 6 is a common tangent to C1, C2.
so the distance from centre (5, 0) to the line = radius
5 cos θ − 6
=3
cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ
5 cos θ – 6 = 3 or 5 cos θ – 6 = –3
9 3
cos θ = (rejected) or
5 5
4 4
sin θ = or –
5 5
4 cos θ
when sin θ = , the slope of L = – < 0, contradict the positive slope.
5 sin θ
4 cos θ 3
3
when sin θ = – , slope of L = – = – 54 =
5 sin θ −5 4
3 4
L: x – y = 6
5 5
3x – 4y = 30
(ii) First we find the radical axis of C1 and C2: C1 – C2
10x – 16 = 36
5x = 26
Next, we find the family of circles through the intersections Q and R.
x2 + y2 – 36 + k(5x – 26) = 0
x2 + y2 + 5kx – (36 + 26k) = 0
5k
centre = ( − , 0)
2
since L bisects C3, so the centre lie on L.
5k
3( − ) – 4(0) = 30
2
k = –4
C3: x2 + y2 – 20x + 68 = 0
15. Given two curves C1: y = f(x), where f(x) is a quadratic function, and
1  h − 20 
C2 : y = – x 2 −  x + h .
5  10 
C1 has the vertex (4, 9) and passes through the point (10, 0).
1
(a) Show that f(x) = – x 2 + 2 x + 5 . (3 marks)
4
(b) (i) Show that C2 also passes through the point (10, 0).
(ii) If C1 and C2 meet at two points, find, in terms of h, the x-coordinate of the
point other than (10, 0). (5 marks)
(c) Figure 8 shows a fountain. A vertical water pipe OP
of height 15 units is installed on the horizontal ground.
Two streams of water are ejected continuously from
two small holes D1 and D2 in the pipe, with D2 above
D1. The two streams of water lie in the same vertical
plane. A rectangular coordinate system is introduced
in this plane, with O as the origin and OP on the
 positive y-axis. The fountain is designed such that the stream of water ejected
from D1 lies on the curve C1, and that ejected from D2 lies on C2.
(i) Find OD1.
(ii) If the two streams of water do not cross each other in the air before meeting
at the same point on the ground, find the range of possible values of OD2.
(4 marks)
(a) f(x) = a(x – 4)2 + 9
0 = a(10 – 4)2 + 9
1
a =−
4
1
f(x) = − (x – 4)2 + 9
4
1
= – x2 + 2x + 5 .
4
 h − 20 
(i) Put (10, 0) into C2: RHS = – (10 ) −  (10 ) + h = –20 – h + 20 + h = 0 = LHS
1 2
(b)
5  10 
so C2 also passes through the point (10, 0).
1 1  h − 20 
(ii) C1 = C2: y = – x 2 + 2 x + 5 = – x 2 −  x + h
4 5  10 
–5x2 + 40x + 100 = –4x2 – 2(h – 20)x + 20h
x2 – 2hx + 20(h – 5) = 0
(x – 10)(x – 2h + 10) = 0
so the x-coordinate of the point other than (10, 0) is 2h – 10.
1
(c) (i) C1: y = – x 2 + 2 x + 5 ; when x = 0, y = 5
4
OD1 = 5
(ii) they do not cross ⇒ x-coordinate of the other intersection ≤ 0 or ≥ 10
2h – 10 ≤ 0 or 2h – 10 ≥ 10
h ≤ 5 or h ≥ 10
1  h − 20 
C2 : y = – x 2 −   x + h ; when x = 0, y = h
5  10 
0 ≤ OD2 ≤ 5 or 15 ≥ OD2 ≥ 10
16.

In Figure 9, ABCD is a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle centred at O and with radius r, such
that AB//DC and O lies inside the quadrilateral. Let ∠COD = 2θ and reflex ∠AOB = 2β,
π
where 0 < θ < < β < π. Point E denotes the foot of perpendicular from O to DC. Let S be the
2
area of ABCD.
r2
(a) Show that S = [sin 2θ − sin 2β + 2 sin (β − θ)]. (3 marks)
2
(b) Suppose β is fixed. Let Sβ be the greatest value of S as θ varies.
 2β β
Show that Sβ = 2r2 sin3( ) and the corresponding value of θ is .
3 3
[Hint: You may use the identity sin 3α = 3 sin α – 4 sin3α.] (6 marks)
(c) A student says:
Among all possible values of β, the quadrilateral ABCD becomes a square when
Sβ in (b) attains its greatest value.
Determine whether the student is correct or not. (3 marks)
(a) S = area of ∆OCD + 2 area of ∆OBC + area of ∆OAB
r2 r2 r2
= sin 2θ + 2[ sin (β–θ)] + sin (2π – 2β)
2 2 2
r2
= [sin 2θ − sin 2β + 2 sin (β − θ)]
2
dS r 2
(b) = [2 cos 2θ − 2 cos(β − θ)]= r2[cos 2θ – cos(β–θ)]
dθ 2
dS
Let = 0; cos 2θ – cos(β–θ) = 0
dθ
θ+β 3θ − β
– 2 sin sin =0
2 2
θ + β = 0 (rejected) or 3θ – β = 0
β
θ=
3
2
d S 2
=r [–2sin 2θ + sin(β–θ)]
dθ 2
d 2S  2β 2β 
= r 2 − 2 sin + sin  < 0
dθ θ= β
2
 3 3
3

β
∴when θ = , S is a maximum
3
r 2  2β 2β 
maximum S = sin − sin 2β + 2 sin 
2  3 3
r2  2β 2β 3 2β 
=
2 3 sin 3 − 3 sin 3 + 4 sin 3 
2β
=2r2 sin3( )
3
2β
(c) # Sβ = 2r2 sin3( ) ≤ 2r2 × 1
3
2β 2β π
when sin3( ) = 1, Sβ is a maximum. =
3 3 2
3π
β=
4
3π π β π π
when β = , ∠AOB = 2π – 2β = ; θ = = ; ∠COD = 2θ = .
4 2 3 4 2
π
Similarly, ∠AOD = ∠BOC = β – θ = , so ABCD is a square when Sβ is a maximum.
2
The student is correct.
17. (a) Let y = (x – π) sin x + cos x.
dy
(i) Show that = (x – π) cos x.
dx
Hence find ∫ (x − π)cos xdx .
3π
(ii) Figure 10 shows the graph of y = (x – π) cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ .
2

(1) Find the areas of the two shaded regions R1 and R2 as shown in Figure 10.
3π
(2) Find ∫ (x − π)cos xdx .
π
2
2

(7 marks)
(b)

Let f(x) be a continuous function. Figure 11 shows a sketch of the graph of y = f '(x) for
0 ≤ x ≤ x4. It is known that the areas of the shaded regions S1 and S2 as shown in
Figure 11 are equal.
(i) Show that f(x1) = f(x3).
(ii) Furthermore, f(0) = f(x4) = 0 and f(x) ≠ 0 for 0 < x < x4. In Figure 12, draw a
sketch of the graph of y = f(x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ x4.

(5 marks)
dy
(a) (i) = (x – π) cos x + sin x – sin x = (x – π) cos x.
dx
∫ (x − π)cos xdx = ∫ dy = y + c = (x – π) sin x + cos x + c, where c is a constant.
 π
(ii) (1) R1 = ∫ π (x − π )cos xdx
2

= [(x − π )sin x + cos x ] π

π

π π π
= [(π – π) sin π + cos π] – [( – π) sin + cos ]
2 2 2
π
= –1 +
2
3π
R2 =| ∫
π
2 (x − π)cos xdx |
3π
=| [(x − π )sin x + cos x ] π2 |
3π 3π 3π
= |[( – π) sin + cos ] – [(π – π) sin π + cos π]|
2 2 2
π π
= |– + 1| = –1 +
2 2
3π 3π
(2) ∫ (x − π)cos xdx = [(x − π)sin x + cos x] π2
π
2
2

3π 3π 3π π π π
=[( – π) sin + cos ] – [( – π) sin + cos ]
2 2 2 2 2 2
π π
=– + =0
2 2
∫ f ' (x )dx = − ∫ f ' (x )dx
x2 x3
(b) (i)
x1 x2

f(x2) – f(x1) = –[f(x3) – f(x2)]

f(x1) = f(x3)
(ii) f '(x) changes from -ve to +ve at x1, so f(x1) is a relative minimum
f '(x) changes from +ve to -ve at x2, so f(x2) is a relative maximum
f '(x) changes from -ve to +ve at x3, so f(x3) is a relative minimum
f(0) = f(x4) = 0 and f(x) ≠ 0 for 0 < x < x4; from the graph, f '(x) < 0 at x = 0
so f(x) is decreasing at x = 0 ⇒ f(x) < 0 for all x: 0 < x < x4