Chapter 01

A+ Guide to Managing You Will Learn…
and Maintaining Your PC

z That a computer requires both hardware and
Fifth Edition software to work
z About the many different hardware

Chapter 1 components inside and connected to a
computer
Introducing Hardware
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 2
Hardware Needs Software to

Functions of a Computer
Work
z Hardware
Physical components of a computer
Visible part of a system
z Software
Set of instructions that directs hardware to
accomplish a task
The intelligence
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 3 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 4
Binary Communication Between

Binary Number System
Hardware and Software
1
Hardware Used for Input and
PC Hardware Components
Output
z Outside computer case: input/output devices z Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial,
parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)
z Inside the case: processing and storage
z Popular input devices:
CPU – most important component
Keyboard
z Requirements of a hardware device Mouse
Method for CPU to communicate with it z Popular output devices:
Software to instruct and control it Monitor
Electricity to power it Printer
Ports
Input Devices
Output Devices Hardware Inside the Case
2
Motherboard Components The Motherboard
z Processing z Communication with
CPU (most important) other devices
Chip set Traces
z Temporary storage Expansion slots
RAM System clock
Cache memory z Programming/setup data
z Electrical system Flash ROM
Power supply CMOS setup chip
connections
The Motherboard (continued) The CPU
The Chip Set The Chip Set (continued)

z Controls most activities on the motherboard
z Includes several device controllers
USB controller
Memory controller
IDE controller
3
Storage Devices Primary and Secondary Storage
z Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
Temporarily holds data and instructions while
processing them
Faster to access than permanent storage
z Permanent (secondary storage)

Data and instructions must be copied into primary
storage (RAM) for processing
Primary Storage Devices RAM Chips

z Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard
and other circuit boards
Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
z Types of boards that hold memory chips

SIMMs
DIMMs
RIMMs
Types of RAM Modules

Secondary Storage Devices
z Hard drives
z CD-ROM drives
z DVD drives
z Zip drives
z Floppy drives
4
Hard Drive EIDE Technology
z Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives,
and DVD drives
z Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on

one system
IDE Connectors on a IDE Connectors on a

Motherboard Motherboard (continued)
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

Hard Drive’s Power Supply
5
Floppy Drive Connection
Floppy Drive Connection
(continued)
Motherboard Components Used for

CD-ROM Drive Connection
Communication Among Devices
z The data bus
System of pathways used for communication and

the protocol and methods used for transmission
The Bus and Bus Lines Data Bus
6
System Clock Clock Speed
z Of motherboard
Measured in megahertz (MHz)
z Of CPU
Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Expansion Slots Types of Expansion Slots
Interface (Expansion) Cards

Interface (Expansion) Cards
(continued)
7
The Electrical System The Electrical System (continued)
z Power supply
Most important component of computer’s

electrical system
Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the

computer can handle
Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage

to cool inside of computer case
Instructions Stored on the

The Electrical System (continued)
Motherboard
z ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
System BIOS
Startup BIOS
CMOS setup
z Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and

Plug and Play technologies
Motherboard Configuration
ROM BIOS Chip
Settings
z CMOS chip
Stores setup (configuration) information
Powered by a battery on motherboard when power

is off
z Setup information can also be set by jumpers

and DIP switches
8
CMOS Configuration Chip Setting Jumpers
Using DIP Switches Summary

z Introduction to hardware components of a
computer system
z Initial insight into how hardware works

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Chapter 01

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A+ Guide to Managing You Will Learn…

and Maintaining Your PC

z About the many different hardware

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 2

Hardware Needs Software to

Binary Communication Between

Output Devices Hardware Inside the Case

The Motherboard (continued) The CPU

The Chip Set The Chip Set (continued)

z Includes several device controllers

 Faster to access than permanent storage

z Permanent (secondary storage)

Primary Storage Devices RAM Chips

z Types of boards that hold memory chips

Types of RAM Modules

z Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on

IDE Connectors on a IDE Connectors on a

IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

Motherboard Components Used for

 System of pathways used for communication and

The Bus and Bus Lines Data Bus

 Measured in megahertz (MHz)

 Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

Expansion Slots Types of Expansion Slots

Interface (Expansion) Cards

 Most important component of computer’s

 Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the

 Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage

Instructions Stored on the

z Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and

 Stores setup (configuration) information

 Powered by a battery on motherboard when power

z Setup information can also be set by jumpers

Using DIP Switches Summary

z Initial insight into how hardware works

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Faster to access than permanent storage

System of pathways used for communication and

Measured in megahertz (MHz)

Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

Most important component of computer’s

Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the

Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage

Stores setup (configuration) information

Powered by a battery on motherboard when power