DRUG STUDY

GENERIC NAME/TRADE NAME: HEPARIN 25000unit/5mL CLASSIFICATION: ANTICOAGULANT AVAILABILITY/PREPARATION: Solution for injection: 10 units/ml, 100 units/ml, 1000 units/ml, 5000 units/ml, 7500 units/ml, 10,000 units/ml, 20,000 units/ml, 40,000 units/ml. Premixed solution: 1000 units/500 ml, 2000 units/1000 ml, 12,500 units/250 ml, 25,000 units in 250 and 500 ml. INDICATION: Prophylaxis & treatment of various thromboembolic disorders: including venous thromboembolism, pulmonary emboli, atrial fibrillation, with embolization, acute & chronic consumptive coagulopathies, peripheral arterial thromboembolism, used in very low doses (10100 units) to ensure patency of IV catheters (heparin flush). CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity, uncontrolled bleeding, severe thrombocyte-penia, open wounds, products containing benzyl alcohol should not be used in premature infants. ADVERSE REACTION: Drug-induced hepatitis, alopecia, rashes, urticaria, bleeding, anemia, thrombocyto-penia, osteoporosis, fever, hypersensitivity. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES: Assess for signs of bleeding & hemorrhage. Assess patient for additional or existence of thrombosis. Monitor patient for hypersensitivity reaction. Monitor platelet count every 2-3days throughout therapy. May cause prolonged PT levels. May cause hyperkalemia.

GENERIC NAME/TRADE NAME: HYDROCORTISONE (Solu-cortef) CLASSIFICATION: Corticosteroid AVAILABILITY/PREPARATION: Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg. Powder for injection (sodium succinate): 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g.

INDICATION: Management of adrenocortical insufficiency, used systematically & locally in a wide variety of chronic diseases including: inflammatory, allergic, hematologic, neoplastic, autoimmune disorders. CONTRAINDICATION: Active untreated infections; lactation; known alcohol, bisulfate, or tartrazine hypersensitivity or intolerance; administration of live virus vaccine. ADVERSE REACTION: Depression, euphoria, headache, ICP, personality changes, psychoses, restlessness, cataracts, IOP, hypertension, peptic ulceration, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, acne, wound healing, ecchymosis, fragility, hirsutism, petechiae, adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia, fluid retention, hypokalemia, thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis, weight gain, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of joint, muscle pain. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES: Assess patient for signs of adrenal insufficiency before & periodically during therapy. Monitor I &O ratios & daily weights. Observe patient for peripheral edema, steady weight gain, rales/crackles, or dyspnea. Children should have periodic evaluations of growth. Assess patient patient for changes in LOC& headache during therapy.

GENERIC NAME/TRADE NAME: MEPERIDINE (DEMEROL) CLASSIFICATION: Opiod Analgesics AVAILABILITY/PREPARATION: Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg, Syrup (banana flavor): 50 mg/5 ml. Injection:10 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml. INDICATION: Moderate to severe pain, pre-op medication CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity; hypersensitivity to bisulfites (some injectable products); Pregnancy or lactation (chronic use); recent MAOI therapy (14-21 days) ADVERSE REACTION: Respiratory depression, circulatory depression, respiratory arrest, shock cardiac arrest, GI disturbance, dizziness, sedation, headache, dysphoria, tremor, agitation, hallucination and disorientation, visual disturbance. Flushing, bradycardia, tachyarryhthmias, syncope. Urinary retention and allergic reactions NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Monitor VS q15 minutes. Demerol may impair mental and/or physical ability required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks. Advise patient to avoid driving, operating heavy machineries, and the like. Patients should not combine Demerol with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants (sleep aids, tranquilizers) except by the orders of the prescribing physician, because dangerous additive effects may occur, resulting in serious injury or death. Patients should be advised that Demerol is a potential drug of abuse. They should protect it from theft, and it should never be given to anyone other than the individual for whom it was prescribed. Patients should be advised to report pain and adverse experiences occurring during therapy.

GENERIC NAME/TRADE NAME: HYOSCINE-N-BUTYL BROMIDE (BUSCOPAN) CLASSIFICATION: Antispasmodic AVAILABILITY/PREPARATION: Tab: Adult and children>6yr 1-2tab 3-5 times daily. Amp: Adult and adolescent >12yr 1-2amp IV, IM or SC several times daily. Maximum of 100mg daily. Infant and young children Severe cases: 0.3-0.6mg/kg body wt. by slow IV, IM or SC several times daily. Max. of 1.5mg/kg body wt./day INDICATION: Acute GI, biliary and genitourinary spasm, including biliary and renal colic CONTRAINDICATION: Myasthenia Gravis, megacolon. Parenteral: Untreated narrow-angle glaucoma, prostate hypertrophy with urinary retention, mechanical stenosis of GIT, tachycardia. ADVERSE REACTION: Xerostamia, tachycardia, urinary retention, allergic reactions, skin reactions, rarely dyspnea (in patients with history of bronchial asthma or allergy). Parenteral: Visual accommodation disturbance, infrequently injection site pain (after IM inj.), rarely anaphylactoid reactions and anaphylactic shock. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

Hyoscine may make a patient dizzy or cause vision problems; use caution engaging in activities requiring alertness such as driving or using machinery. Instruct the client to avoid or minimize drinking alcoholic beverages. Caution is advised when using this drug in the elderly because they may be more sensitive to the effects of the drug. Inform the patient to consult the doctor immediately if he or she experiences any of the following while using this medicine: red and painful eye, possibly with headache, loss of vision, or seeing haloes around lights. These symptoms may be caused by an increase in pressure inside the eyeball and require urgent investigation by the doctor. If the patient missed a dose, inform him or her to use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Remind the patient not double the dose to catch up. The medication should be stored at room temperature between 59 and 86 degrees F away from light and moisture. Hyoscine should not be placed in the refrigerator. Symptoms of overdose may include: irregular heartbeat, reddened skin, drowsiness. Instruct the patient to immediately alert the physician once these are noticed or experienced.