EXPERIMENT 1

SURVIVAL OF SPECIES

Learning Outcome
Pupils explain the way plant species survive.

What do I want?
To discuss the way plant species survive
through the dispersal of seeds or fruits

Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

Having an interest and curiosity towards the environment

What do I need?

Realising that science is a means to understand nature Different types of plant fruits and seeds,
magnifying glass

PUPILS ACTIVITY CARD

Instructions:
You are given 30 minutes to carry out this experiment.
What do I do?
1. Collect fruits and seeds from different plants around your school compound.
2. Observe all the fruits and seeds carefully. Use a magnifying glass if needed.
3. Sketch the shape of the fruits and seeds in the activity book.
4. Record the characteristics of every fruit and seed.
PUPILS WORKSHEET
What do I find?
1

Fruits or seeds

Characteristics

Way of dispersal

State the characteristics of the fruits or seeds that are dispersed by

(a) the wind,
______________________________________________________________________________
(b) water,
______________________________________________________________________________
(c) animals,
______________________________________________________________________________
(d) explosive mechanisms.
______________________________________________________________________________

Why do plants need to disperse their seeds?

_________________________________________________________________________________
What do I conclude?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

EXPERIMENT 2

UNDERSTANDING HEAT

Learning Outcome
Pupils relate heat gain and heat loss with the change in
temperature.

What do I want?
To discuss the relationship between the heat
gain or heat loss and the increase or decrease
in temperature

Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

Being systematic
What do I need?

Being honest and accurate in recording and validatingWater, beaker, thermometer, Bunsen burner,
tripod stand, wire gauze, stopwatch
data
PUPILS ACTIVITY CARD
Instructions:
You are given 30 minutes to carry out this experiment.
What do I do?
1. Fill a beaker with water.
2. Heat the water with a Bunsen burner.
3. Record the temperature of the water every 2 minutes for 6 minutes.
4. Then stop the heating.
5. Record the temperature of the water until the 10th minute.
PUPILS WORKSHEET
What do I find?
1

Time (minutes)
Temperature of water (C)

10

State the trend in the change in the temperature of the water

(a) from 0 - 6 minutes
______________________________________________________________________________
(b) from 6 - 10 minutes
______________________________________________________________________________

Give reasons for the trend in the change in the temperature of water stated in 2 (a) and (b).
(a) ____________________________________________________________________________
(b) ____________________________________________________________________________

Based on this experiment, state the following.

(a) What is changed? _______________________________________________________________
(b) What is measured? ______________________________________________________________

What do I conclude?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

EXPERIMENT 3

ACIDS AND ALKALIS

Learning Outcome
Pupils identify acidic, alkaline and neutral substances
using litmus paper.
Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

Being cooperative

Having an interest and curiosity towards the

environment

What do I want?
To differentiate between acidic, alkaline and
neutral substances based on their effects on
litmus paper
What do I need?
Orange juice, vinegar, salt water, limewater,
bitter gourd juice, sugar water, litmus paper,
beaker

PUPILS ACTIVITY CARD

Instructions:
You are given 30 minutes to carry out this experiment.
What do I do?
1. Pour some orange juice into a beaker.
2. Taste the orange juice. Record the taste.
3. Dip blue litmus paper into the orange juice. Record the colour change in the litmus paper, if any.
4. Dip red litmus paper into the orange juice. Record the colour change in the litmus paper, if any.
5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 using other substances.
PUPILS WORKSHEET
What do I find?
1

Substance
Orange juice
Vinegar
Salt water
Limewater
Bitter gourd juice
Sugar water

Taste

Effect on litmus paper

State the substances that are

(a) acidic: _______________________________________________________________________

(b) alkaline: _____________________________________________________________________

(c) neutral: ______________________________________________________________________
3

State the properties of acidic substances.

_________________________________________________________________________________

State the properties of the alkaline substances.

_________________________________________________________________________________

State the properties of neutral substances.

_________________________________________________________________________________

What do I conclude?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

EXPERIMENT 4

THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH

Learning Outcome
Pupils describe the change in the length of the shadow due to
The rotation of the Earth.

What do I want?
To investigate the rotation of the Earth by
recording the changes in the length and the
position of the shadow of an object

Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

Realising that science is a means to understand nature What do I need?

Cardboard, paper, a stick which is 30 cm

Having an interest and curiosity towards the

long, ruler, pencil, plasticine
environment
PUPILS ACTIVITY CARD
Instructions:
You are given 30 minutes to carry out this experiment.
What do I do?
1. Place a piece of white paper on the cardboard.
2. Fix the stick upright as shown in the diagram below by using plasticine.
3. Draw the shadow of the stick on the white paper every hour from 8.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.
4. Record your observations in the table.

white paper

stick 30 cm length

cardboard

plasticine

PUPILS WORKSHEET
What do I find?
1

Time

8.00
a.m.

9.00
a.m.

10.00
a.m.

11.00
a.m.

12.00
noon

1.00
noon

2.00
p.m.

3.00
p.m.

4.00
p.m.

The length of the

shadow (cm)
The position of
the shadow
2

(a) State the change in the length of the shadow from 8.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon.
______________________________________________________________________________
(b) State the change in the position of the shadow from 8.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon.
______________________________________________________________________________

(a) State the change in the length of the shadow from 12.00 noon to 4.00 p.m.
______________________________________________________________________________
(b) State the change in the position of the shadow from 12.00 noon to 4.00 p.m.
______________________________________________________________________________

What causes the changes in the length and the position of the shadow?
_________________________________________________________________________________

Why is the shadow formed around the stick between 12.00 noon and 1.00 p.m.?
_________________________________________________________________________________

In this experiment, identify the following.

(a) What is changed?
______________________________________________________________________________
(b) What is observed?
______________________________________________________________________________

What do I conclude?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

EXPERIMENT 5

THE STABILITY OF A STRUCTURE

Learning Outcome
Pupils identify the factors that affect the strength and
stability of a structure.

What do I want?
To investigate the factors that affect the
stability of a structure

Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

What do I need?

Being cooperative
Three corks, nine pins, cardboard

Appreciating the contribution of science and technology

PUPILS ACTIVITY CARD
Instructions:
You are given 30 minutes to carry out this experiment.
What do I do?
1. Build three models, P, Q and R, with corks and pins. The three models have the same base area but
their heights are different.
2. Place the three models on a cardboard.
3. Incline the cardboard slowly.
4. Observe the order in which the models topple.
R
Q
P

cardboard

PUPILS WORKSHEET
What do I find?
1 _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2

Which model is the most stable?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Which model is the least stable?

_________________________________________________________________________________

In this experiment, identify the following.

(a) What is changed?
______________________________________________________________________________
(b) What is observed?
______________________________________________________________________________
(c) What is kept the same?
______________________________________________________________________________

What do I conclude?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________