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Table of Content
Content 1. Introduction 1.1 General Information 3 1.2 Company Profile 3 2. Weekly Task 2.1 First Week 2.1.1 Dry Sediment Basin Design 4 2.2 Second Week 2.2.1 Constructing Soil Profile 5 2.2.2 OSD Design 6 2.3 Third Week 2.3.1 ESCP Report 7 2.3.2 Water Demand Estimation 8 2.3.3 Drainage Design 9 2.3.4 Site Visit (Klang) 10 2.4 Fourth Week 2.4.1 Sewage Treatment Report 11 2.5 Fifth Week 2.5.1 Soil Fill Calculation 13 2.6 Sixth Week
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2.6.1 Design Basis (M&E) 13 2.6.2 Design Basis (C&S) 15 2.7 Seventh Week 2.7.1 Water Reticulation Design (Chuat) 17 2.7.2 Water Reticulation Design (Kuala Lumpur) 18

2.8 Eighth Week 2.8.1 Stairs Design Check 19 2.9 Ninth Week 2.9.1 Pile Volume Calculation 20 2.10 Tenth Week 2.10.1 Book Indexing 3. Conclusion Appendix A: Drawings Appendix B: Calculations Appendix C: Miscellaneous 21

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1.
1.1

Introduction
General Information I did my industrial training at Maju Integrated Engineers, Jalan Raja Abdullah, Kuala Lumpur. The industrial training was held from 14 May until 28 July 2008, during which I was put under the supervision of Mr. Mohd Rafiq b. Abdul Karim, an infrastructure engineer.

1.2

Company Profile Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) is an affiliate company to Maju Group. MIE was incorporated in 1999, and is one of Malaysias premier civil and structural design firms. The company offers a wide range of civil and structural design services which includes foundation designs, high-rise buildings, hotels, industrial facilities, schools, colleges, universities and training facilities, as well as hospitals and medical facilities. MIE's area of expertise also extends to roads, highways and interchanges, bridges, locks and dams, aircraft hangars and maintenance facilities. The biggest project that MIESB had handled so far is the Terminal Bersepadu Selatan at Bandar Tasik Selatan (TBSBTS), which is the main transportation terminal in Kuala Lumpur. This transportation terminal is located at Bandar Tasik Selatan and the cost of developing it nearly reaches RM600mil. Entire shelves in the companys filing area were dedicated for TBSBTSs design reports (master copy). The current operator of
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this transportation terminal, Maju Terminal Management Services Sdn Bhd (Maju TMAS) is a member of Maju Group. The companys original office is at Maju Tower, although MIESB has since changed its office to Wisma RKT.

2. Weekly Task
2.1 2.1.1 First Week Dry Sediment Basin Design The Government of Malaysia intends to upgrade existing sanitary landfill in Chuat for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) of Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT). JPSPN had engaged Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) to provide specialist consultancy services for upgrading this landfill. One of the things that MIESB has to prepare for this project is the design of dry sediment basins. A sediment basin is a structure formed by excavation and/or construction of an embankment across a waterway or other suitable location. Its purpose is to collect and store sediment from sites cleared and/or graded during construction or for extended periods of time before re-establishment of permanent vegetation and/or construction of permanent drainage structures. It is intended to trap sediment before it leaves the construction site and is use for catchment areas greater than 2 hectares. The basin is a temporary measure (with design life of 12 to 18 months) and is to be maintained until the site area is permanently protected against erosion or a permanent detention basin or water quality control structure is constructed.
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There will be two dry sediment basins to be constructed for the landfill. The first basin will be located near to the leachate collection pond at the upper left of the layout plan, and will be used to contain sediment runoff from the new cell (6.255ha). The second basin will be at the lower right and will collect sediment from the existing cell (5.28ha). The design was done according to guidelines from Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MASMA). A copy of the calculation is included in Appendix B: Calculations. The total catchment area at the site was determined using the AutoCAD drawing of the site done by surveyors and the time of concentration was determined. Using the time of concentration and a design storm ARI of 3 months, the required surface area and required volume of the dry sediment basin was calculated by interpolation from Table 39.5 MASMA. The next step is to caculate the depth of the settling zone. The settling zone is part of the basin that is intended to allow sediments from runoff to settle. First one must assume an average width of the settling zone, and calculate the resulting length. A check on the ratio of the settling zone dimensions must be done to ensure its suitability. Now the depth of the storage zone must be acquired. The settling zone is the designated volume for storing settled sediments. The dimensions of storage zone are dependent on settling zone dimensions as well as the side slope. The depth of storage zone is determined using trial and error. The dimensions of the basin at the top water level and at the bottom can now be determined using the dimensions of settling and storage zone. It is also required to provide emergency spillway that is designed for 10 year ARI flood. After calculating the flow of water caused by the 10 year ARI flood, a suitable dimensions of emergency spillway is taken from Design Chart 20.2 MASMA. See Appendix A: Drawings for the layout plan and related drawings.

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2.2 2.2.1

Second Week Constructing Soil Profile Perwaja Steel Sdn Bhd is a long time client of MIESB. In order to easily design the foundations for future projects with them, I was tasked with constructing the soil profile for three different sites. There are three main source of information for constructing the soil profile. Two of them are the soil investigation reports done by Gunung Raya Engineering Sdn. Bhd. and one soil investigation report by Handalan Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. In the reports, standard penetration tests (STP) was carried out at 1.5m intervals in both cohesive and non-cohesive soil. A split spoon sampler of 50mm O.D. was driven into the soil by a 65kg hammer operated automatically. The weight was dropped from a 760mm height for a sufficient number of times to secure the desired 450mm sampler penetration or a maximum 50 blows. The number of blows for the beginning 150mm were recorded as seating drive and the following 300mm penetration were recorded as the N-value. Each sample obtained from the sampler in the field was examined and classified.

Using the result of the STP the consistency of the soil can be determined. The consistency corresponding to the STP value and soil type is given below. The result of the soil profiling is available on Appendix C: Miscellanous.
Cohesive Soil Non-cohesive Soil

STP Value 0-2 2-4 4-8 8-15 15-30 >30

Consistency Very soft Soft Medium stiff Stiff Very stiff Hard

STP Value 0-4 4-10 10-30 30-50 >50

Consistency Very loose Loose Medium dense Dense Very dense

2.2.2

OSD Design
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The Government of Malaysia intends to upgrade existing sanitary landfill in Chuat for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) of Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT). JPSPN has engaged Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) to provide specialist consultancy services for upgrading this landfill. I had already designed the dry sediment basins for this project and the next task is to design on-site detentions (OSD) for it. On-Site Detention (OSD) storage is a requirement of Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MASMA), which states that OSD must to be installed for every development to capture and store the stormwater runoff before being discharged into a nearby main drain. The OSD will allow runoff to be released at a slower rate than it would normally do without OSD, which will reduce flooding problems in areas downstream.
There

are generally two types of OSD, which are above ground and below ground. A below ground OSD is generally more costly to construct, and an above ground OSD generally will require a lot more area to construct. For Chuat landfill, we intended to reduce cost and since the site had a lot of free space, the above ground OSD type was chosen. There will be two OSDs to be constructed for the landfill. The first OSD will be located near to the leachate collection pond at the upper left of the layout plan , and will be adjacent to the dry sediment basin at the new cell (6.255ha). The second OSD will be connected to the dry sediment basin at the existing cell (5.28ha). Total catchment area was determined using AutoCAD drawing of the layout plan. 20% of the total area is considered impervious while the other 80% is pervious to water. The time of concentration was taken as 5 minutes with reference to guidelines from Vol. 5 of MASMA. The rainfall intensity of 2 years ARI was determined using the IDF of Temerloh, which is about 48km from Chuat. An ARI of 2 years was taken since the area has a low density of population. The pre and post development flows were then calculated using the Rational Method.
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Next the site storage requirement was calculated using the 10 year ARI with the IDF of Temerloh. A suitable site storage dimension was given according to the site storage requirement. Finally the primary and secondary outlets were designed. The primary outlet was sized to discharge water assuming free outlet conditions when storage is full. A copy of the calculation is included in Appendix B: Calculations. See Appendix A: Drawings for the layout plan and related drawings.

2.3 2.3.1

Third Week ESCP Report The Government of Malaysia intends to upgrade existing sanitary landfill in Chuat for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) of Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT). JPSPN has engaged Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) to provide specialist consultancy services for upgrading this landfill. For this purpose, I was tasked with preparing a report that describes the concept of intended Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) and the design proposal for earthworks within the proposed development must be prepared and submitted JPS for its approval prior to the implementation of the ESCP and earthworks. In general, an ESCP for a development project serves to provide: 1. A clear interpretation of the impact the development will have on the environment, which in turn will improve the equality of evaluation and interpretation by the government authorities responsible for commenting on, approving, and monitoring a project. 2. A clear interpretation of proposed erosion and sediment control measures. 3. A saving of time and costs because the developer and the approving authority can agree on the implementation of the plan. 4. A clear interpretation of proposed erosion and sediment control measures, thus improving the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the control techniques.
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5. A plan that can be easily compared with measured implemented during construction to verify that the agreed measures are in place. For the proposed development, MIESB had proposed an ESCP which shall include the following measures: a. Physical Stabilisation b. Diversion of Runoff (Earth Bank) c. Sediment Trapping/Filtering (Dry Sediment Basin) The design of dry sediment basin was as discussed in 2.1.1. This ESCP report had been completed during my internship, although it was not yet submitted at the time. See Appendix B: Drawings for the layout plan, which shows the earth drain and silt trap locations.

2.3.2

Water Demand Estimation The Government of Malaysia intends to upgrade existing sanitary landfill in Chuat for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) of Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT). JPSPN has engaged Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) to provide specialist consultancy services for upgrading this landfill. As the proposed site has need for water reticulation, I was tasked to make an estimate of water demand for the landfill. A large amount of water demand comes from the washing bay, which uses up to 500 gallon per day (GDP). Another 250 GDP was prepared for the purpose of washing the leachate collection pond. As a precaution 20% additional water demand was included, making the total water demand 900GDP.

Water demand breakdown:

N o

Type of Usage

No. of Usa
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Water Demand (GPD)

Total (GPD)

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ge 1. 2. Leachate Collection Pond (washing purpose) Washing Bay 1 1 250 500 Total Allow 20% additional Water Demand for safety Total Estimated Water Demand Say, 250 500 750 150 900 900

2.3.3

Drainage Design The Government of Malaysia intends to upgrade existing sanitary landfill in Chuat for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) of Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT). JPSPN has engaged Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) to provide specialist consultancy services for upgrading this landfill. I was again assigned to this project, this time to design the drainage system for the landfill. In general, the design guideline and criteria for the drains are in accordance with the Manual Saliran Mesra Alam published by Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, Malaysia.
1. The design process generally involves the following

main steps: 2. Select design ARI for minor and major storm. 3. Divide catchment into segment of homogeneous land use or surface slope. 4. Estimate Overland Flow time. 5. Estimate flow time for all other flow components within the sub-catchments. 6. Calculate yIt for design ARI of y years and storm duration t equal to the time of concentration from IDF data for area of interest: 7. Derive design rainfall intensities down to limit of 30 minutes. 8. Calculate peak flow rate, Qy for the catchments: 9. Calculate the design of flow rate of drain by using Manning formula:

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design

A x R2/3 x S1/2 n

Where; Q A n R S
design

= = = = =

design flow (m3 /s) area (m2) Manning roughness coefficient hydraulic radius (m) gradient

The drains generally use a gradient of 1:350 while culverts use 1:200 gradients. A copy of the calculation is included in Appendix B: Calculations. See Appendix A: Drawings for the layout plan and related drawings. 2.3.4 Site Visit (Klang) Jabatan Laut Semenanjung Malaysia had engaged Maju Integrated Sdn Bhd as infrastructure consultant to provide consultancy engineering services for the design of civil infrastructure works including sewerage works for the Cadangan Pembangunan Sebuah Marina Yang Mengandungi Sebanyak 150 Berth Dan Bangunan Marina Beserta Kemudahan Sokongan Di Atas Sebahagian Lot PN 7942, 74082 Dan PT 61704, Pulau Indah, Mukim Klang, Daerah Klang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. The development covers an approximate area of 5.8 acres, consisting of one-marina building and 150 berths. This project had already been completed. The reason for coming to the project site is to guide the representatives from Majlis Perbandaran Klang that will come for the final approval. There were two officers as well as an engineer from Maju Holding, the contractor. Mr Melvin (an engineer) and I were the representatives for MIESB. There were some comments made on the project. First of all the drainage beside the road that leads out of the facility had entered into private property. They also commented that the road were not slanted enough to drain water away from the road into the side drains mentioned before, which may result in flooding at the road. We made the necessary actions with regard to the comments and submitted a report to Majlis Perbandaran Klang a week later.
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Front gate of the marina 2.4 2.4.1 Fourth Week Sewage Treatment Report PFC Engineering Sdn. Bhd. had engaged Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn Bhd as infrastructure consultant to provide consultancy engineering services for the design of civil infrastructure works including sewerage works for the Cadangan Membina Dan Menyiapkan Sebuah Pejabat PMT, Kantin, Gudang Dan Klinik/Surau Sementara Beserta Kemudahan Sokongan Di Atas Lot P, Kawasan Perindustrian Kerteh, Mukim Kerteh, Daerah Kemaman, Terengganu Darul Iman. Since this project requires the inclusion of a sewage treatment system, I was tasked with giving a description of our proposed sewage treatment system in the projects Sewage Design Report. Since the description is four pages long, the following will be a brief summary of the actual description The system used as the sewage treatment system is the BioTiara System by Bayu Tiara Engineering Sdn. Bhd., which utilizes the Extended Aeration Activated Sludge process that allows treatment to be done without the need of a primary clarifier. The longer hydraulic retention time allows the plant to operate effectively over widely varying flow and waste loadings.

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When raw sewage enters the treatment plant, it first goes into a balancing tank which balances and equalizes the flow of influent during treatment process. The influent passes into the anoxic tank and the raw sewage is mixed with the recycled activated sludge which will remove major pollutants. The sewage is then flowed into an aeration tank where it is held in order to increase the amount of air within it, as the high oxygen levels will increase the speed at which the water is cleaned of pollutants. This process also increases the population of denitrifying bacteria, which is used to turn oxides back to nitrogen gas or nitrous oxides to remove them from the sewage. Actual denitrification does not happen in the aeration tank, since the process only occur in the absence of oxygen. The sewage is then brought to the sludge storage tank, where the activated sludge will be retained from the rest of the treatment process. It is here where the denitrification process will occur due to the anoxic state of the sludge storage tank which causes a lack of oxygen. The sewage passes into the settling tank, where suspended particles in the sewage will be settled for removal. The final treatment process happens in the chlorination tank for disinfection in order to destroy disease causing organisms before the treated sewage is released to the nearest drain. The effluent discharge to drain is Standard A (see Table 3.2 of Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines, vol. 4). Sewage treatment flow:

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2.5 2.5.1

Fifth Week Soil Fill Calculation Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn Bhd (MIESB) has been appointed by Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia to provide civil and structural engineering advice and services for Cadangan Memebina dan Menyiapkan Sebuah Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Seri Londang Yang Mengandungi 18 Bilik Darjah Di Mukim Bota, Daerah Perak Tengah, Perak Darul Ridzuan. The project consist of, among others, 4 block of academic/administration, a canteen, guard house, TNB substation, and refuse chamber. I was tasked with calculating the amount of soil fill needed to level the ground in the area before construction. There are five cross-sections of soil available, designated Section 1-1, Section 2-2 up to Section 5-5. The drawing of the cross-sections and their location on the site are available at Appendix A: Drawings. The area of filling could not be calculated directly using AutoCAD because the drawings horizontal and vertical scales are different. Instead manual calculation was done by dividing each filling into small segments of square,
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trapezium and triangle sections and summing all their area. Overall it was approximated that 4200m3 of soil was needed for filling at the site. The initial calculation by the quantity surveyors give a value of 5000m3 soil and so Mr. Fazli (a senior engineer) said my calculations were acceptable.

2.6 2.6.1

Sixth Week Design Basis (M&E) Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd (PCSB) had appointed Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) as the Principal Consultant to provide consultancy engineering services for the Conceptual Study For New Administration Building Consist of New Centralised Control Room (CCR) and Office Space At TCOT For Petronas Carigali Sdn. Bhd., Peninsular Malaysia Operations. For this project I was assigned the task of preparing a Mechanical and Electrical Design Basis which will provide the PCSB with some level of understanding on how design selection and design conclusion are achieved.

Below is a summary on the topics that the design basis covers:i. Water reticulation (internal) Water supply for domestic main shall be tapped from the external water reticulation supply pipe located at the piping tiein area. All water reticulation pipe for domestic usage shall be of ABS pipe which comply with Syarikat Air Terengganu (SATU), Water Supply Guidelines and complete with valves, fittings, air valves, scour valve, thrust block at bends and tees. The analysis of pipe size shall be based on the maximum flow of either: Peak Flow ( average flow multiply by peak flow factor) or Fire flow ( average flow + hydrant flow) In general, Hazen William formula shall be used to calculate the water supply pipe line frictional head loss. ii. Soil and Waste System Waste and foul water from sanitary fixtures in the building shall be collected by using sanitary pipes and discharged to inspection chamber (IC) located on the ground level. The inspection chamber then connected to the sewer reticulation
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manhole which subsequently flows to the proposed mechanized sewage treatment plant (STP) within project site. The sewer reticulation pipes shall be laid at gradient of 1: 150 to produce sufficient velocity and prevent deposition of solid matter in the invert. The cooking island area and kitchen sink waste pipe shall be installed with grease trap before connecting to sewage reticulation line. Laboratories discharge shall be diluted and neutralized in the neutralization pit prior to discharging into sewage reticulation line. iii. Air-conditioning System The air-conditioning system is based on the performance and heat load calculations to satisfy the comfort temperature level for occupants working in the building. The system is energy efficient, accurate monitored and controlled by Building Automation System (BAS) and provide optimum room temperature and humidity condition for the occupants. The airconditioning system consist of water cooled chillers, chilled water pumps, condenser water pumps, cooling towers , fan coil units, chilled water pipes, condenser water pipes, supply air duct complete with diffusers and return air duct complete with grilles. Water cooled chillers are arranged in triplicate with capacity of 100RT each. Two units are on duty mode and one unit is on standby mode. With two identical units running in parallel for the basic required load gives higher flexibility and reliability in daily operation. Air handling units (AHU) and an coil units (FCU) are used to supply cold air to every room at each floor. The FCU does not require big space for installation of the unit and air duct sizes can be minimized. The unit is remotely monitored by BAS for on and off and the temperature can be adjusted according to occupants need. In all cases, appropriate filters in tandem are used to ensure a clean air supply. iv. Fire protection system The system shall consist of one number of pressed steel hose reel tank with effective capacity of 2400 gallons located at the ground level. Electrical and Server rooms shall be furnished with fixed extinguishing Non Hazardous Fire Suppression System using FM-200. Portable fire extinguishers shall be located in conspicuous position where they can be easily spotted by person following an escape route. Fire detection and alarm systems shall be individually provided for Administration Block and Training Centre.
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2.6.2

Design Basis (C&S) Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd (PCSB) had appointed Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) as the Principal Consultant to provide consultancy engineering services for the Conceptual Study For New Administration Building Consist of New Centralised Control Room (CCR) and Office Space At TCOT For Petronas Carigali Sdn. Bhd., Peninsular Malaysia Operations. For this project I was assigned the task of preparing a Civil and Structural Design Basis which will provide the PCSB with information on design philosophy, parameters and standards used or referred to, to complete the design process of. Below is a summary on the topics that the design basis covers:i. Site Clearance and Earthwork The proposed basis design platform and road level for admin buildings has been established as RL+5.900m which is designed based on existing flat area (flat level) to be in line with surrounding buildings, which are existing TCOT admin building and other non-process building. These grade elevations reflect the minimum required and final surface paving finish level or highest point of paving (HPP) are designed, established and constructed taking into consideration residual settlement and shall at least be equal or higher than these elevations. ii. Water reticulation (external) Water reticulation system is designed in accordance to the Design Criteria & Standard for Water Supply System published by Malaysia Water Association (MWA) and Syarikat Air Terengganu (SATU). The source of water supply shall be tapped from the existing water supply pipeline at the road side of the main road of Kuala Terengganu Kemaman (existing 600 mm AC). The water supply work involved in pipe jacking crossing main road and proposed water supply pipeline is 150 mm Ductile Iron (K9). The estimated required available pressure head at the tapping point is 32m as given by SATU Kemaman. iii. Sewerage The design concept for sewerage system is to provide sewer reticulation to serve the overall development. It is proposed that the sewer pipe shall be 225 mm diameter vitrified clay
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pipe and shall be laid to collect initial sewage flows. The sewer system shall convey the sewage flows by gravity within the development area which is connected to the proposed Mechanical Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) within the project site. All designs shall comply with the PETRONAS Technical Standards., the Code of Practice for Design and Installation of Sewerage System, Malaysia Standard, and MS 1228:1991 and Guidelines for Developers Design and Installation of Sewerage System. iv. Drainage In general, the design guideline and criteria are in accordance with the Manual Saliran Mesra Alam published by Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, Malaysia. The design process generally involved the following main steps: Select design Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) for minor and major storm. Divide catchments area into segment of homogeneous land use or surface slope. Estimate Overland Flow time. Estimate flow time for all other flow components within the sub-catchments. The analysis for drain discharge was carried out using programmed spreadsheet. Hortons equation has been utilized to estimate the discharge for both pre and post development run-off. Three design storms have been chosen. The storm durations are as follows:
30 minutes storm duration 60 minutes storm duration 90 minutes storm duration

For all three-design storms event, the post development peak discharge will be controlled so that they do not exceed the pre development peak discharge.

v. Internal Roads All design shall be complied in accordance with PETRONAS Technical Standards PTS 34.13.20.31, Roads, Paving, Surfacing, Slope Protection and Fencing and the applicable industry international engineering codes adopting sound
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engineering practices and it shall meet the requirement of local laws, rules and regulations as may be applicable. The roads are also designed in accordance to the above PETRONAS Technical Standards and JKR Arahan Teknik Jalan. The alignment and level of proposed roads shall be designed to such that it can be linked with existing roads. vi. Structural Works (Structure) All buildings shall be designed and constructed in accordance with PTS 34.00.01.30, Minimum Requirement for Structural Design and Engineering' and PTS 34.17.00.32, Minimum Requirement for Design and Engineering of Buildings'. All buildings and shelter foundations shall be supported on raft foundation or footings and all slabs shall be designed as suspended type together with the structural frame. In general, the main buildings (> 2 storey) shall adopt a composite structural design consisting of steel structural frames with RC Slabs. Whereas small buildings shall utilizes the RC structural frames. The selection of structural system for each building as the main frame materials is of course with consideration of its ease and fast constructions and connection to the foundation.

2.7 2.7.1

Seventh Week Water Reticulation Design (Chuat) The Government of Malaysia intends to upgrade existing sanitary landfill in Chuat for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) of Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT). JPSPN has engaged Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. (MIESB) to provide specialist consultancy services for upgrading this landfill. With the water demand already estimated, the next step is to design the water reticulation system. The available head from existing JBA pipeline is only 4m. The pipes have 160mm diameter and are made of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). The water reticulation system is made up of mostly existing pipe system, but these pipes are old and will need to be replaced. New water reticulation routes

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are added to supply water to areas near the proposed leachate collection plant for washing purposes. The analysis for the reticulation pipeline was carried out using Loop Computer Programme. The cases are analyzed and the results are as shown in Appendix A. Regrettably the existing pressure of 4m is not enough to supply water to the system. There are two solutions available; the first is to ask JBA for another pipeline. There is indeed another pipeline and the pressure from it should be higher since it is located at high ground. The other solution which we are trying to avoid is to install a pump to increase pressure. For now we will submit a letter to JBA. A copy of the calculation is included in Appendix B: Calculations. See Appendix A: Drawings for the layout plan and related drawings. 2.7.2 Water Reticulation Design (Kuala Lumpur) Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT) has engaged Maju Integrated Engineers Sdn. Bhd. as infrastructure consultant to provide consultancy engineering services for the design infrastructure works including water supply works for the Cadangan Meroboh dan Membina Semula Balai Bomba Jalan Tun Ismail 3 Tingkat dan KerjaKerja Yang Berkaitan Dengannya, Di Atas Lot 274, Seksyen 48, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur Untuk Tetuan Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan. Most of the structural design for this project was already prepared and now we need to complete the water reticulation design. (Although most of the work was already done by Mr. Melvin and I only helped finish the task) The proposed development covers an approximate area of 1.155 acres. The estimated total water demand for the whole development is 11,120 gallons per day. Unlike the landfill water reticulation, it is also necessary to take account of the fire flow, which shall be based on one hydrant discharging at 22.73 l/s (300 gpm). The design flow for the reticulation mains of the water supply system shall be the peak flow or the average flow plus the fire flow, whichever is greater of the above. Minimum diameter of external water reticulation main is 150mm.

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We did not encounter any problem during the water reticulation design. The analysis for the reticulation pipeline was carried out using Loop Computer Programme. The cases are analyzed and the results are as shown in Appendix B: Calculations. See Appendix A: Drawings for the layout plan and related drawings.

2.8

Eighth Week

2.8.1 Stairs Design Check Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd has appointed Zelleco Engineering Sdn. Bhd. as the Project Management Consultant and Designer to provide consultancy engineering services for the Provision of Engineering Design Services and Project Management Services for Non-Process Buildings for Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal (SOGT) at Kimanis, Sabah. The proposed site is located at Lot 023166912 and 023113617 in Kimanis, District of Papar, Sabah. The area of proposed development is approximately 12 acres. For this project I was tasked with checking the design of the stairs that was done by Mr. Faizal. I was to use manual calculation for this task in order to easily check for any error in calculation. The actual design was done using Orion. The steps to designing the reinforcements of stairs are as follows: 1) Determine the average depth: Average Depth = (x+R+x)/2 Where, x = h.[(G2+R2)1/2/G] h = tread depth G = stair run R = stair rise 2) Calculate the Self Load of Stairs = Average Depth x Density of Concrete (Density of concrete is usually 24kN/m3) 3) Determine the design load:
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w = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk Where, Gk = dead load = Self Load of Stairs + Finishing Qk = live/imposed load

4) Calculate moment: M = (w.L2)/2 Where, w = design load L = the width of the staircase 5) Determine the required steel area, As and check it with the value of Amin and Amax. The steps of this calculation is the same with designing a beam section (determine d, k, z and finally find As) 6) Check the shear and deflection of the stairs (also the same as beam and column) It was found that the original design was sufficient.

2.9 2.9.1

Ninth Week Pile Volume Calculation Majlis Wilayah Ekonomi Pantai Timur (ECERDC) had engaged Maju Integrated Sdn Bhd as Civil and Structure consultant to provide consultancy engineering services for the Proposed Fish Processing Park at Lot PT 33047, Tanah Putih, Mukim Kuala Kuantan, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur for Messrs. East Cost Economic Region Development Council (ECERDC). I was tasked with calculating the total volume of the required pile as required by Borang Kiraan Bayaran Pelan Infastruktur (INF: C) which will be submitted to Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan.
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There are six buildings that use piles in the project: 1. Administration building 2. Semi-D houses (3 units) 3. Distribution centre 4. Sorting building 5. TNB sub-station 6. Terrace (4 units)

Each of the building will use 0.25m x 0.25m piles with a depth of 27m. The amount of piles the buildings was determined from the tender drawings and the total pile volume was calculated as shown below:

Building Admin. Building Semi-D Distribution Centre Sorting Building TNB SubStation Terrace (future development)

No. of unit 1 3 1 1 1 4

Piles/unit 56 96 61 55 16 59

Depth (m) 27 27 27 27 27 27

Pile size (m2) 0.25x0.2 5 0.25x0.2 5 0.25x0.2 5 0.25x0.2 5 0.25x0.2 5 0.25x0.2 5 Total

Pile volum e (m3) 94.50 486.0 0 102.9 4 92.81 27.00 398.2 5 1201. 50

The cost as stated in INF: C is RM0.13/m 3. Thus a total of RM156.2 must be paid to Majlis Perbandaran Kuantan. A copy of the INF: C From is available on Appendix C: Miscellanous.

2.10

Tenth Week

2.10.1 Book Indexing It seems unlikely to receive any new task for the last week of my internship. My supervisor, Mr. Rafiq was assigned to the
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Phase 8 site in Bandar Tasik Selatan as a resident engineer. Due to decreased workload, I used most of the time for the final week to create an index for the books available in the companys library. This task was given to me by Mr. Fazli during the first week of my internship, but I had to postpone it to finish other works which were more urgent. Most of the books were used as reference in designing steel and concrete structures, published by various sources. There are, however, many books which were very important in civil and structural engineering designs: Standard An established norm or requirement about technical systems and in engineering practices it is usually a formal document that establishes uniform engineering or methods, processes and practices. Examples of standard include the British Standard and Malaysian Standard. The companys library also includes standards used in America, although these are rarely used by the companys engineers.

Guideline Any document that aims to streamline particular processes according to a set routine. Unlike the standards, following a guideline is never mandatory but following it may result in a more predictable and higher quality output. Examples of guideline include the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MASMA) and Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines. MASMA is often used by the civil engineers in designing drains, OSD and dry sediment basins. We usually include important excerpts of the book in the design reports that we prepare for the client s reference. Catalogue Most of the large suppliers would provide a catalogue brochure of their products which we use to choose the appropriate parts for our projects. There are currently dozens of catalogues in the library. Not all of them are used regularly, if at all, but we may need them for future projects. Indexing them would allow us to save time since we would no longer need to explore the catalogues one by one to find an appropriate item for any project.
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(Note: Although I did intend to finish the indexing, I had to help the office prepare the Sabah Oil and Gas terminal (SOGT) design reports and check a few drawings for Mr. Faizal, leading to a lack of time. The list of all guideline, standards and reference books were finished but I was unable to start indexing the catalogues. Hopefully another trainee after me will find the time to finish it) The result of the indexing was used to compile a book collection list and is available on Appendix C: Miscellanous.

3.

Conclusion
The many branches of civil engineering can be simplified into two: civil engineering and structural engineering. My internship focused on civil engineering, which exposed me to the design drains, sewerage, silt traps and other infrastructures. A civil engineer is also required to deal with various authority bodies in order to receive permission to implement their design. My internship allowed me to experience all the stages of dealing with these authorities; from the process of requesting permission to plan, to requesting design approval, and finally stage to request a final inspection by the authorities. A checklist of authority letters is vital since a single project can have multiple authorities to keep track of. Although I was not exposed to the full workload of a real civil engineer, I am truly grateful to MIESB and its entire staff, and I would like to take this opportunity to thank them for giving me the opportunity to experience how an engineer works in real life.

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