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LABAN BSN 3D
VII. Nursing Management In the early stages, nursing management is similar to that of acute glomerulonephritis As the disease worsens, management is similar to that of chronic renal failure Monitor intake and output; note signs of low plasma volume and impaired circulation with prerenal acute renal failure Instruct patient receiving steroids or cyclosporine regarding medication and signs and symptoms that must be reported to the physician Instruct patient in selecting a high-protein diet while restricting cholesterol and fat intake
Medical and Nursing Management of Urinary Tract Infections (Upper & Lower UTIs)
Definition Inflammation and infection of urinary tract structures are classified as upper urinary tract infections (UTIs) or lower UTIs. TYPES: Upper UTIs are known as pyelonephritis (e.g. inflammation of the kidney) Lower UTIs include: Cystitis (e.g. inflammation of the bladder wall), the most common type Ureteritis (e.g. inflammation of the ureter) Urethritis (e.g. inflammation of the urethra) II. Risk Factors Women because of their shorter urethra (25% of all women experience UTIs Aging, men peaks after age 50 Pathogenic microorganisms (e.g. Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter). Sexual intercourse Indwelling catheterization Urinary stasis Urinary tract instrumentation Residual urine Urinary reflux Bladder overdistention Loss of intact mucosal lining
Bladder Cancer
Etiology and Risk Factors: Carcinogens in the workplace, such as dyes, rubber, leather, ink or paint Recurrent bacterial infection of urinary tract Smoking
Clinical Manifestations: Gross, painless hematuria Urinary frequency Urgency Dysuria Pelvic or back pain with metastasis Treatment: Intravesical into bladder) chemotherapy Radiation therapy Uretoroentero-cutaenous diversions (intestines used) or cutaenous (opening onto abdominal walls)