TRANSISTOR THEORY & CONFIGURATIONS

AMIE(I)

STUDY CIRCLE(REGD.)

A Focused Approach

TRANSISTOR CONFIGURATIONS OR CONNECTIONS

A transistor has three terminals but we need two supplies hence four terminals to connect the transistor in a circuit. Therefore, one terminal of the transistor is kept common, this arrangement gives us three connections/configurations for a transistor. The input is given between the common terminal and one of the two other terminals. Similarly, output is obtained between the common terminal and the left out third terminal. But remember that for satisfactory operation in all the configurations, the input side is to be forward biased and the output side is to be reverse biased. By keeping one transistor terminal common at a time, we can have three transistor configurations. Common base (CB) configuration Common emitter (CE) configuration Common collector (CC) configuration

Common Base (CB) Configuration

In this, the base is made common. The emitter base is forward biased and acts as input side, the collector base is reverse biased and acts as output (collector load RC) side. Figure (a) shows CB connections for an N-P -N transistor and Figure (b) for a P-N-P transistor.

(a) CB connection for N-P-N transistor

(b) CB connection for P-N-P transistor

Current Amplification Factor ( ). The ratio of output (IC) to the input current (IE) in the CB common base connection is known as current amplification factor. It is represented by . = IC/IE or IC/ IE. Collector Current. It has two parts : (i) (ii) IC = .IE (as = IC/IE); this is the part of emitter current reaching at the collector. As the collector base junction is reverse biased some leakage current will also flow due to minority carriers, i.e. due to holes in case of N-P-N and due to electrons in case of P-N-P transistor.

Hence total collector current

P.B. NO.77, 2 ND FLOOR, SULTAN TOWERS, ROORKEE 247667 UTTARANCHAL PH: (01332) 266328 Email : pcourses@hotmail.com

TRANSISTOR THEORY & CONFIGURATIONS

AMIE(I)

STUDY CIRCLE(REGD.)

A Focused Approach

ASSIGNMENT
Q.1. (AMIE W 98, 5 marks): Prove that the collector current is more sensitive to temperature in CE configuration than in CB configuration. Q. 2. (AMIE W 99, 7 marks) : Considering the internal current components in a transistor, show that IC = IB + (+1)ICO in the active region. The symbols have their usual meanings. Q.3. (AMIETE Dec 99, June 98): Draw the common emitter configuration of a transistor. Sketch its output characteristics. Indicate the active, saturation and cutoff regions. Q.4. (AMIETE Dec 99): A transistor with an of 0.98 is operated as an amplifier in a common base circuit with a load resistance 5 k. If the dynamic resistance of the emitter base junction is 7 , calculate the voltage and power gains of the circuit. Answer: 35.25, 34.6464 Q.5. (AMIETE June 99): A silicon npn transistor with = 100 and I C common emitter mode as shown below. Find the different current components.
C

= 25 x 10-9 A is connected in the

Answer: IB = 21.5 A, I C = 2.150025 mA, I F = 2.171525 Hint: Assume that VBE = 0.7 V and it is operating in the active region. Q.6. (AMIETE June 98): What is early effect? How does it influence the CB characteristics of a transistor? Q.7. (AMIETE June 95, 9 marks): Define and of a transistor and deduce the relationship between them. Find the expression for the collector current I in terms of the base current B and reverse saturation current I O I C C and . A Ge transistor with = 0.98 gives ICO = 12 A when used in CB configuration. Calculate IC when the transistor is used in the CE mode with IB = 0.2 mA. Answer: 10.4 mA Q.8. (AMIETE June 2001, 7 marks): A transistor is connected in common emitter (CE) configur ation in which collector
supply is 8 V and the voltage drop across resistance R connected in the collector circuit is 0.5 V. The value of R = 800 , C C if = 0.96. Determine (i) collector emitter voltage (VCE) (ii) base current

Q.9. (AMIETE Dec 2000, 10 marks): Explain the working of common emitter amplifier. Using the small signal equivalent
circuit, calculate its (i) voltage gain (Av) (ii) current gain (Ai) (iii) input impedance Rin (iv) Output impedance Ro

P.B. NO.77, 2 ND FLOOR, SULTAN TOWERS, ROORKEE 247667 UTTARANCHAL PH: (01332) 266328 Email : pcourses@hotmail.com

17