LANDING

3-1

LANDING
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT

PAGE

MINIMUM MANEUVERING AND LANDING REFERENCE SPEEDS ..................3

GO-AROUND THRUST SETTINGS - N1 .............................................................4
PERFORMANCE LIMIT WEIGHTS [LBS] ...........................................................5
RUNWAY LIMIT WEIGHTS [LBS] .......................................................................6
ACTUAL ALLOWABLE LANDING WEIGHT [LBS] (B747-400) .........................7
PERFORMANCE LIMIT WEIGHTS [KGS]...........................................................8
RUNWAY LIMIT WEIGHTS [KGS].......................................................................9
ACTUAL ALLOWABLE LANDING WEIGHT [KGS] (B747-400).......................10
RUNWAY WEIGHT LIMIT OVERVIEW (B747-400) ...........................................11
AUTOBRAKE SYSTEM ISSUES (B747-400) ....................................................11
LANDING SPEED TERMINOLOGY (B747-400)................................................11

PMDG 747-400 AOM

DO NOT DUPLICATE

Revision 26JUL05

3-2

LANDING

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Revision 26JUL05

DO NOT DUPLICATE

PMDG 747-400 AOM

LANDING

3-3

MINIMUM MANEUVERING AND LANDING REFERENCE SPEEDS

Landing Weight
Lbs.
Kgs.
730
330
720
325
710
320
700
315
690
313
680
310
670
305
660
300
650
295
640
290
630
285
620
280
610
275
600
270
590
268
580
265
570
260
560
255
550
250
540
245
530
240
520
235
510
230
500
227
490
225
480
220
470
215
460
210
450
205
440
200
430
195
420
190
410
185
400
180

Flaps
0
246
246
245
243
242
240
239
238
237
236
234
233
232
230
229
228
227
225
223
222
221
220
218
215
215
213
212
211
209
208
206
205
204
202

Flaps
1
226
226
225
223
222
220
219
218
217
216
213
213
212
211
210
209
207
205
204
202
201
200
198
196
195
193
192
190
189
188
186
185
184
182

Flaps
5
206
206
205
202
202
200
199
198
197
196
194
193
192
190
189
188
186
185
183
182
181
179
178
176
175
173
172
170
169
168
166
165
164
162

Flaps
10
186
186
185
183
182
180
179
178
177
176
174
173
172
171
170
168
167
165
164
162
161
160
158
156
155
153
152
152
149
148
146
145
144
142

Flaps
20
177
176
175
173
172
170
169
168
167
166
164
163
162
161
159
158
157
155
154
152
151
150
148
146
146
143
142
142
139
138
136
135
133
132

Flaps
25
173
172
171
169
168
166
165
164
162
161
160
158
157
156
154
153
152
150
149
147
146
145
143
141
140
138
137
135
133
132
130
129
127
125

Flaps
30
165
165
164
162
161
159
158
157
156
155
153
152
151
150
148
147
146
144
143
141
140
139
137
135
134
132
131
130
128
127
125
124
123
121

Bolded speeds within the shaded areas are above the maximum structural landing weight.
All speeds are for International Standard Atmospheric conditions and may vary slightly according
to local temperature, humidity and altimeter setting.

PMDG 747-400 AOM

DO NOT DUPLICATE

Revision 26JUL05

3-4

LANDING

GO-AROUND THRUST SETTINGS - N1

N1 Go-Around thrust settings are provided for crew use in the event that the automated FMC
based TO/GA system is unavailable/inoperative.
When hand flying an approach, crews are encouraged to use maximum available thrust to
initiate the Go-Around procedure. Lower thrust settings may compromise the safety of the
aircraft during the critical transition from approach to go-around.
Use of the TO/GA switch, when possible, is the best method of thrust management in the event
of a Go-Around.

Temp
F/C
120 / 49
110 / 43
100 / 38
90 / 32
80 / 27
70 / 21
60 / 16
50 / 10
40 / 04
30 / -01
20 / -07
10 / -12
0 / -18
-20 / -29

Sea
Level
101.8
101.6
102.5
103.6
105.9
104.6
103.7
102.5
101.5
100.4
99.5
99.0
97.7
95.1

Revision 26JUL05

2000 ft
600 M
104.2
104.5
104.5
105.1
106.6
105.6
104.9
103.7
104.2
102.4
101.0
100.2
98.8
96.3

4000 ft
1200M
106.4
106.9
106.6
107.2
108.9
106.7
106.1
104.7
104.2
103.5
102.2
101.4
100.2
98.0

6000 ft
1800M
108.6
109.4
109.3
109.7
109.4
108.0
107.0
105.8
105.2
104.2
103.2
102.6
102.6
98.6

8000 ft
2400M
110.8
111.2
110.6
110.4
110.4
110.0
108.6
107.7
106.7
105.8
104.6
104.0
102.7
100.1

10000ft
3000M
111.6
111.3
110.6
110.4
110.4
110.1
109.3
108.2
107.2
106.3
105.1
104.5
103.2
100.4

DO NOT DUPLICATE

12000ft
3600M
111.6
111.3
110.6
110.4
110.4
110.1
109.6
109.1
108.1
107.2
106.2
105.2
104.0
102.5

13000+
4000 M+
111.6
111.3
110.6
110.4
110.4
110.1
109.6
109.2
109.3
108.6
107.4
106.8
105.5
103.0

PMDG 747-400 AOM

LANDING

3-5

PERFORMANCE LIMIT WEIGHTS [Lbs]

(Weights listed in thousands of pounds.)
[Match airport temperature to airport pressure altitude to obtain Performance Limit Weight.]

FLAPS

25
OAT
F/C
120/49
110/43
100/38
90/32
80/27
70/21
60/16
50/10
40/4
30/-1
20/-7
10/-12
0/-18
-20/-29

Sea
Level
842.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0

2000
Pres. Alt
781.6
835.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0

4000
Pres. Alt
NA
773.1
819.2
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
836.9
837.4
837.6
838.0
838.5
839.1

6000
Pres. Alt
NA
NA
759.1
835.0
835.6
836.1
836.5
836.9
784.9
785.3
786.0
785.5
786.2
786.6

8000
Pres. Alt
NA
NA
701.2
787.1
787.5
782.7
788.2
788.6
736.5
736.8
737.2
737.6
738.1
738.9

OAT
F/C
120/49
110/43
100/38
90/32
80/27
70/21
60/16
50/10
40/4
30/-1
20/-7
10/-12
0/-18
-20/-29

Sea
Level
802.6
856.6
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0

2000
Pres. Alt
747.3
797.0
842.6
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
838.0
838.3
838.5
838.5
838.7
839.1

4000
Pres. Alt
NA
738.7
781.8
817.5
843.7
848.1
848.3
848.5
787.7
787.9
788.2
788.6
788.8
789.0

6000
Pres. Alt
NA
NA
725.2
758.0
781.8
798.0
798.2
798.4
737.4
737.6
737.8
738.3
738.5
739.2

8000
Pres. Alt
NA
NA
672.2
712.6
724.1
741.3
752.5
752.7
691.9
692.1
692.6
693.0
693.2
693.4

FLAPS

30

PMDG 747-400 AOM

DO NOT DUPLICATE

Revision 26JUL05

3-6

LANDING

RUNWAY LIMIT WEIGHTS [Lbs]

(Weights in thousands of pounds.)
[Match runway length to airport pressure altitude to obtain Runway Limit Weight.]

FLAPS

25
Press.
Alt
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
S.L.

5000ft
Runway
438.4
465.0
487.1
504.2
520.8
537.7
554.9
572.7
590.0
609.0
627.6

6000ft
Runway
568.3
590.4
613.8
634.6
655.4
697.6
697.6
719.3
740.9
841.8
773.7

7000ft
Runway
689.3
719.6
742.2
765.4
781.6
795.6
810.3
825.0
839.6
854.4
869.3

8000ft
Runway
795.3
811.3
827.3
842.0
857.2
872.6
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0

9000ft
Runway
865.2
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0

10000ft
Runway
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0

FLAPS

30
Press.
Alt
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
S.L.

Revision 26JUL05

5000ft
Runway
497.9
512.6
529.4
545.9
563.7
581.2
598.9
617.1
635.3
653.6
528.9

6000ft
Runway
615.4
637.4
659.3
679.7
700.2
721.0
737.6
748.6
759.5
770.4
781.0

7000ft
Runway
737.0
748.5
760.4
771.5
782.5
793.6
805.0
816.1
827.1
839.1
850.5

DO NOT DUPLICATE

8000ft
Runway
796.9
808.3
819.0
830.6
841.7
853.6
865.8
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0

10000ft
Runway
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0
875.0

PMDG 747-400 AOM

LANDING

3-7

ACTUAL ALLOWABLE LANDING WEIGHT [Lbs] (B747-400)

Use: Obtain both Runway and Performance Limit Weights from tables on 3-5 and 3-6. Enter
weights (in XXX.X format) into appropriate columns below. Add or subtract from weights as
described in the sub-boxes of each associated column. When reaching the bottom, compare the
final Performance Limit Weight and Runway Limit Weights. Use the highest weight as the
maximum landing weight for the given runway. BE SURE NOT TO EXCEED 630.0 (630,000lbs
MAX GROSS LANDING WEIGHT.

PMDG 747-400 AOM

DO NOT DUPLICATE

Revision 26JUL05

3-8

LANDING

PERFORMANCE LIMIT WEIGHTS [Kgs]

(Weights listed in thousands of Kgs.)
[Match airport temperature to airport pressure altitude to obtain Performance Limit Weight.]

FLAPS

25
OAT
F/C
120/49
110/43
100/38
90/32
80/27
70/21
60/16
50/10
40/4
30/-1
20/-7
10/-12
0/-18
-20/-29

Sea
Level
382.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0

600M
Pres. Alt
354.5
378.8
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0

1200M
Pres. Alt
NA
350.7
371.6
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
379.6
379.8
379.9
380.1
380.3
380.6

1800M
Pres. Alt
NA
NA
344.3
378.8
379
379.3
379.4
379.6
356.1
356.2
356.5
356.3
356.6
356.8

2400M
Pres. Alt
NA
NA
318.1
357.0
357.0
355.0
357.5
357.7
334.1
334.2
334.4
334.6
334.8
335.2

OAT
F/C
120/49
110/43
100/38
90/32
80/27
70/21
60/16
50/10
40/4
30/-1
20/-7
10/-12
0/-18
-20/-29

Sea
Level
364.1
388.6
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0

600M
Pres. Alt
339.0
361.5
382.2
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
380.1
380.2
380.3
380.3
380.4
380.6

1200M
Pres. Alt
NA
335.1
354.6
370.1
382.7
384.7
384.8
384.8
357.3
357.4
357.5
357.7
357.8
357.9

18000M
Pres. Alt
NA
NA
328.9
343.8
354.6
361.2
362
361.9
334.5
334.6
334.6
334.9
335.0
335.3

2400M
Pres. Alt
NA
NA
304.1
323.2
328.5
336.3
341.3
341.4
313.8
313.9
314.6
314.3
314.4
314.5

FLAPS

30

Revision 26JUL05

DO NOT DUPLICATE

PMDG 747-400 AOM

LANDING

3-9

RUNWAY LIMIT WEIGHTS [Kgs]

(Weights in thousands of Kgs.)
[Match runway length to airport pressure altitude to obtain Runway Limit Weight.]

FLAPS

25
Press.
Alt
3000M
2700M
2400M
2100M
1800M
1500M
1200M
900M
600M
300M
S.L.

1500M
Runway
198.9
210.9
220.9
228.7
236.2
243.9
251.7
259.8
267.6
276.2
284.7

1800M
Runway
257.8
267.8
278.4
287.9
297.3
316.4
316.4
326.3
336.1
350.8
381.7

2100M
Runway
312.6
326.4
336.7
346.8
354.5
360.9
367.6
374.2
380.8
387.6
394.3

2400M
Runway
360.7
368.0
375.3
381.9
388.8
395.8
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0

2700M
Runway
392.5
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0

3000M
Runway
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0

FLAPS

30
Press.
Alt
3000M
2700M
2400M
2100M
1800M
1500M
1200M
900M
600M
300M
S.L.

PMDG 747-400 AOM

1500M
Runway
225.8
232.6
240.1
247.6
255.7
263.6
271.7
279.9
288.2
296.5
330.6

1800M
Runway
279.1
289.1
299.1
308.3
317.6
327.1
334.6
339.6
344.5
349.5
354.3

2100M
Runway
334.3
339.5
340.9
349.9
354.9
359.9
365.2
370.2
375.2
380.6
385.8

DO NOT DUPLICATE

2400M
Runway
361.5
366.6
371.5
376.8
381.8
387.2
392.8
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0

3000M
Runway
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0
397.0

Revision 26JUL05

3 - 10

LANDING

ACTUAL ALLOWABLE LANDING WEIGHT [Kgs] (B747-400)

Use: Obtain both Runway and Performance Limit Weights from tables on 3-5 and 3-6. Enter
weights (in XXX.X format) into appropriate columns below. Add or subtract from weights as
described in the sub-boxes of each associated column. When reaching the bottom, compare the
final Performance Limit Weight and Runway Limit Weights. Use the highest weight as the
maximum landing weight for the given runway. BE SURE NOT TO EXCEED 285.8
(285,800Kgs) MAX GROSS LANDING WEIGHT.

Revision 26JUL05

DO NOT DUPLICATE

PMDG 747-400 AOM

LANDING

3 - 11

RUNWAY WEIGHT LIMIT OVERVIEW (B747-400)

The Landing Runway Limit Tables provided here are calculated based on a normal approach,
flown at the specified flap setting and VREF speed with a 50 foot (15 meter) threshold crossing,
no wind, no spoilers, no reverse thrust, minimal aircraft float, and maximum braking. Crews
should keep in mind that these figures were acquired using a new aircraft with new brakes and
tires, so actual performance of an in-service aircraft may vary slightly. Runway Limit Weights in
excess of the known structural weight limit are included for emergency use should a forced
landing in excess of the Structural Limit Weight be required. Inclusion of these figures does
not imply permission to land the aircraft above the Structural Limit Weight, and crews are
encouraged to land the aircraft in such a condition only as a matter of last recourse.
If required to land the aircraft while still above the Structural Limit Weight, crews should
anticipate a hot-brake condition, and ensure that adequate ground safety precautions are taken
prior to arrival.

AUTOBRAKE SYSTEM ISSUES (B747-400)

Unlike a simple anti-skid system, the autobrake system used aboard the 747-400 aircraft is
designed to modulate brake pressure to all sixteen main gear brake systems in order to provide
the aircraft with a specific rate of deceleration. This rate of deceleration will be provided and
maintained regardless of the use of spoilers or reverse thrust. The rate of deceleration is
provided according to the settings below:
Setting 1:
Setting 2:
Setting 3:

4ft [1.2 M]/Second/Second

5ft [1.5 M]/Second/Second
6ft [1.8 M]/Second/Second

Setting 4:
MAX AUTO:

7.5ft [2.3 M]/Second/Second

11ft [3.4 M]/Second/Second

When used, spoilers and reverse thrust will reduce the total energy that would otherwise be
absorbed by the brake systems. By reducing the amount of energy absorbed into the brake
pads, spoilers and reverse thrust reduce the overall wear of the brake systems and aircraft tires.
As such, crews are encouraged to use reverse thrust commensurate with safety and control of
the aircraft on all landings.

LANDING SPEED TERMINOLOGY (B747-400)

__REF: The calculated reference speed for a specific flap configuration. (e.g. 30REF for a flaps
30 approach.) This speed is used to calculate the actual target speeds at which the aircraft will
be flown. 30REF, 25REF speeds etc can be found on the Landing Speeds Table (3-3).
Target Speed: The speed at which the approach should be flown. Target speed should equal
25REF+5 or 30REF+5 knots. To this figure, add 1/2 steady wind plus the full gust factor (up to a
maximum of 20 knots.)
Threshold Speed: Speed crossing the threshold. Equal to 25REF or 30REF plus the full gust
factor, up to a maximum of 20kts.
Autoland Target Speeds: The speed at which the Autoland/Autothrottle approach is flown.
Equal to 25REF+5 or 30REF + 5 knots, regardless of wind conditions. The Autothrottle corrects
for normal wind gust conditions through the airspeed and acceleration sensing system. When
performing hand- flown approaches with the autothrottle activated, apply normal wind and just
corrections.

PMDG 747-400 AOM

DO NOT DUPLICATE

Revision 26JUL05

3 - 12

LANDING

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Revision 26JUL05

DO NOT DUPLICATE

PMDG 747-400 AOM