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Windows Server TechCenter > Windows Server 2003 Technical Library > Windows Server 2003: Technical Reference >
Windows Server 2003 Technical Reference > Technologies Collections > Networking Collection >
Network Configuration Technologies > DHCP Technical Reference
• DHCP Tools
• DHCP Options
• Related information
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DHCP Tools
The following tools are associated with DHCP.
DHCP Snap-in
The DHCP snap-in allows you to perform a variety of administrative tasks for your DHCP servers:
• Create and manage properties for scopes, such as options, reservations, and exclusion ranges.
Category
The DHCP snap-in Microsoft Management Console (MMC) appears as an administrative tool after you install
DHCP from Add/Remove Windows Components in Control Panel. The DHCP snap-in can also be added to
Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP by installing the Windows Server 2003 Administrative Tools Pack. This
allows remote administration of DHCP servers running Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 from a
Windows XP-based workstation.
Version Compatibility
The Windows Server 2003 DHCP snap-in is compatible with DHCP servers running Windows Server 2003 and
Windows 2000.
Netsh
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Netsh is a command-line scripting tool that allows you to display or modify the network configuration of a
computer. Netsh also provides a scripting feature that allows you to run a group of commands in batch mode
against a specified computer. Netsh can also save a configuration script in a text file for archival purposes or for
reuse in configuring other servers.
Commands in the netsh dhcp context provide a command-line method to help with the administration of DHCP
servers and provides an equivalent alternative to console-based management. All commands in netshdhcp
context can also be executed against a specified remote server.
Category
Netsh is a command-line tool.
Version compatibility
You can use netsh commands with Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003.
Network Monitor
You can use the Network Monitor tool or a commercial packet analyzer (also known as a network sniffer), to
capture and view packets such as DHCP messages.
In Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003, Network Monitor is installed as an optional management
and monitoring component by using Add or Remove Programs in Control Panel. After it is installed, you can run
Network Monitor from the Administrative Tools folder.
Category
Network Monitor is available in Microsoft Systems Management Server or with Windows 2000 Server and
Windows Server 2003.
Version compatibility
You can use Network Monitor to capture and view packets in Windows XP, Windows 2000, or Windows
Server 2003.
Top of page
DHCP Options
This section lists the predefined options available for use with the Microsoft Windows Server 2003 DHCP service.
These options are defined according to the updated standards reference for DHCP options in RFC 2132, “DHCP
Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions.”
Use the DHCP Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in to specifically configure each option value, and
enable the option for assignment and distribution to DHCP clients based on server, scope, class, or client-
specific levels of preference.
In this section:
• Basic options. These options were originally defined in RFC 1497 and relisted in RFC 2123.
• IP host options. These options affect the operation of the IP layer, on a per-host basis.
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• IP interface options. These options affect operation of the IP layer on a per-interface basis.
• Link layer options. These options affect operation of the data-link layer on a per-interface basis.
• TCP options. These options affect operation of the TCP layer on a per-interface basis.
• Application layer options. These options affect the application layer operations on a per-interface basis.
• NetBIOS over TCP/IP options. These options are used to support NetBIOS over TCP/IP.
• Vendor-specific options. These options are specified for vendor class use..
• User class options. These options are specified for user class use.
• DHCP extensions. These options are used to implement default protocol interaction and system
behavior between servers and clients.
• Administrator-defined options. These options are not preconfigured in Windows Server 2003, but can
be defined by an administrator.
• Microsoft options. These options are only available for use with supported Microsoft DHCP clients, such
as computers running Windows Server 2003 or Windows XP.
Note
• For all DHCP options that use a list of IP addresses as the value data, the IP addresses are always used in
order of preference by the DHCP client. For example, the first address in the list is used first.
Basic Options
The following sections list the basic DHCP options originally defined in RFC 1497 and updated in RFC 2132, for
use with DHCP and the Boot Protocol (BOOTP) service. The BOOTP service refers to options as vendor
extensions.
The DHCP service supports configuration and distribution of any options assigned using the DHCP Manager
snap-in. By default, Microsoft DHCP-enabled clients require and provide storage and interpretation for options 1
(Subnet Mask), 3 (Router), 6 (DNS Servers), and 15 (DNS Domain Name).
Pad Option
A single octet of zero (“00”) used for padding. This option differs from most DHCP options in that it does not use
a length or value field. This option used to ensure that subsequent DHCP options are aligned on word
boundaries the same as they appear in the DHCP packet. This option does not require configuration.
Code
0
Length
Not used.
Value
Not used.
Code
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End Option
A single octet of decimal 255 (“FF”) used to indicate the end of a DHCP options area in DHCP messages. This
option differs from most DHCP options because it does not use a length or value field. Typically, it is used at the
end of the options field to indicate that there is no more option data in a DHCP message. It can also be used
within the message, in connection with vendor-specific information (option 43), to indicate the end of an
encapsulated vendor-specific options subfield. This option does not require configuration.
Code
255
Length
Not used.
Value
Not used.
Code
255
Subnet Mask
This option specifies the subnet mask of the client subnet, as described in RFC 950. The value for this option is
taken from the Subnet Mask field, as defined in the DHCP ScopeProperties dialog box in DHCP Manager. A
DHCP client running Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 requests this option.
Code
1
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit (4 octet) integer representing the subnet mask for an IP address provided in a DHCP message.
Time Offset
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This option specifies an offset value (in seconds) from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) that applies to the
client subnet. This value is configurable as a signed 32-bit integer. Positive offset values indicate a subnet
location east of the zero meridian. Negative offset values indicate a subnet location west of the zero meridian.
Code
2
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
Signed 32-bit integer used for offset of UTC.
2 4 time
Router
This option specifies a list of IP addresses for routers on the client subnet. When more than one router is
assigned, the client interprets and uses the addresses in the specified order. This option is normally used to
assign a default gateway to DHCP clients on a subnet. A DHCP client running Windows XP or Windows
Server 2003 requests this option.
Code
3
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each router address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned router.
Structure of Router
Time Server
This option specifies a list of IP addresses for time servers, as defined in RFC 868, that are available to the
client. When more than one time server is assigned, the client interprets and uses the addresses in the specified
order.
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Code
4
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each time server address
listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned time server.
Code
5
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each IEN name server address
listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned IEN name server.
DNS Servers
This option specifies a list of IP addresses for DNS name servers available to the client. When more than one
server is assigned, the client interprets and uses the addresses in the specified order. A DHCP client running
Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 requests this option.
Code
6
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Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each Domain Name System
(DNS) server address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned DNS server.
Log Server
This option specifies a list of IP addresses for Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lab for Computer Science
(MIT-LCS) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) log servers available to the client. When more than one server is
assigned, the client interprets and uses the addresses in the specified order.
Code
7
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each log server address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned log server.
Cookie Server
This option specifies a list of IP addresses for cookie servers, as defined in RFC 865, available to the client.
When more than one server is assigned, the client interprets and uses the addresses in the specified order.
Code
8
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each cookie server address
listed.
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Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned cookie server.
LPR Server
This option specifies a list of IP addresses for line printer (LPR) servers, as defined in RFC 1179, available to the
client. When more than one server is assigned, the client interprets and uses the addresses in the specified
order.
Code
9
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each LPR server address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned LPR server.
Impress Server
This option specifies a list of IP addresses for Imagen Impress servers available to the client. When more than
one server is assigned, the client interprets and uses the addresses in the specified order.
Code
10
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each Impress server address
listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned Impress server.
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Code
11
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each resource location server
address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each assigned resource location server.
Host Name
This option specifies a host name for the client. In some cases, this name can also be fully qualified by
appending the name value provided here with the DNS domain name, as specified in DHCP option 15. For
Windows clients, this option is not supported for use when configuring the client’s host name, which is set for
computers running Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 on the Computer Name tab in the System
Properties dialog box on the client computer.
Code
12
Length
Length varies depending on data in value. Minimum length is 1 octet. Maximum length is limited to 63
characters, or one octet for each character used in the host name configured for use with this option.
Value
ASCII character text.
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12 n name
Code
13
Length
Fixed, 2 octets.
Value
Unsigned 16-bit integer to indicate the number of 512-octet blocks needed to make up the boot file.
13 02 16-bit integer
Code
14
Length
Length varies depending on data in value. Minimum length is 1 octet.
Value
ASCII character text.
14 n path name
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Windows Server 2003, the DNS Domain Name option becomes the connection-specific DNS name assigned to
the DHCP-configured interface. The connection-specific DNS name is used to construct fully qualified domain
names (FQDNs) that are registered using DNS dynamic update. The length of the value field depends on the
number of characters used in the DNS domain name specified. For example, if the domain name has 20
characters, the value field for this option is 20 octets in length. A DHCP client running Windows XP or Windows
Server 2003 requests this option.
Code
15
Length
Length varies depending on data in value. Minimum length is 1 octet.
Value
ASCII character text.
15 n domain name
Swap Server
This option specifies the IP address of the client’s swap server.
Code
16
Length
Length is fixed at 4 octets.
Value
A single IP address for the client’s swap server (unsigned 32-bit integer).
Root Path
This option specifies the path of the client’s root disk. The path value is formatted as ASCII text. The length of
the value field depends on the number of characters used in the root path specified. For example, if the root
path entered has 20 characters, the value field for this option is 20 octets in length.
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Code
17
Length
Length varies depending on data in value. Minimum length is 1 octet.
Value
ASCII character text.
17 n path name
Extensions Path
This option specifies an extension path file that can be retrieved using Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). The
file contains information to be interpreted as the 64-octet vendor-extension field within a BOOTP response. To
allow more than 64 octets of BOOTP vendor extension information, this option can be enabled. When enabled,
the length of the specified extension path file is not constrained in size and all references in the extensions file
to tag 18 (such as instances of the BOOTP Extensions Path field) are ignored.
Code
18
Length
Value
ASCII character text.
18 n file name
IP Host Options
The following sections describe the DHCP options that affect the operation of the IP layer, on a per-host basis.
IP Forwarding Enable/Disable
This option specifies whether the DHCP client should enable or disable forwarding of datagrams at the IP layer.
Code
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19
Length
Length is fixed at 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
• 1 = Enable IP forwarding
• 0 = Disable IP forwarding
19 1 0|1
Code
20
Length
Length is fixed at 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
20 1 0|1
Policy Filter
This option specifies policy filters for non-local source routing on the client. The filters consist of a list of IP
address and mask pairs specifying destination and mask pairs for which incoming datagrams should be source-
route filtered. The client discards any source routed datagram with a next-hop address that does not match one
of the filters. For further information about policy filtering as it applies to this option, see RFC 1122 in the IETF
RFC Database [http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=3952] .
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Code
21
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 8 octets for a single destination and mask pair. Length increases in multiples of 8
octets for each additional pair used.
Value
Two consecutive, unsigned 32-bit integers indicating a paired value, consisting of an IP address followed by a
subnet mask.
Code
22
Length
Fixed, 2 octets.
Value
Unsigned 16-bit integer specifying the maximum datagram size for reassembly. The minimum size for a
datagram is 576 octets.
22 2 16-bit integer
Default IP Time-To-Live
This option specifies the default Time-To-Live (TTL) that the client uses for the datagrams it sends.
Code
23
Length
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Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
A number (in seconds) between 1 and 255.
Code
24
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
A number (in seconds) that specifies a time-out value.
Code
25
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 2 octets and increases in multiples of 2.
Value
A table formatted as a list of 16-bit unsigned integers, ordered from smallest to largest. The minimum tabled
MTU value cannot be smaller than 68.
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IP Interface Options
The following sections describe the DHCP options that affect operation of the IP layer on a per-interface basis.
Interface MTU
This option specifies the MTU size that can be used on a specified host adapter interface.
Code
26
Length
Fixed, 2 octets.
Value
A 16-bit unsigned integer specifying the interface MTU. The minimum value for the MTU is 68.
26 2 interface MTU
Code
27
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
• 1 = Clients assume all subnets are local and share the same MTU size
• 0 = Clients assume some subnets are not local and that smaller MTU sizes might be in use on remote
subnets
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27 1 0|1
Broadcast Address
This option specifies the broadcast address used on the client’s subnet.
Code
28
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
Typically, the limited broadcast IP address (255.255.255.255), but can be modified using legal values for
broadcast addresses, as specified in section 3.2.1.3 of RFC 1122.
Code
29
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
29 1 0|1
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Mask Supplier
This option specifies whether the client responds to subnet mask requests using ICMP.
Code
30
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
30 1 0|1
Code
31
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
31 1 0|1
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This option specifies the IP address to which the client submits router solicitation requests.
Code
32
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing an IP address.
Static Routes
This option specifies a list of classful static routes that the DHCP client automatically adds to its IP routing table.
Multiple routes to the same destination are listed in descending order of priority. The default route of 0.0.0.0 is
an illegal destination for a static route. To configure the default route, use the Router DHCP option to assign a
default gateway. A DHCP client running Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 requests this option.
Code
33
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 8 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 8 for each additional static route
provided with this option.
Value
A list of IP address pairs. Each set of 8 octets provides two consecutive IP addresses pairing the destination (as
a classful network ID) and a router address (the IP address of the router interface on the subnet to which this
scope-specific option is configured) used for each route. The first 4 octets specify the destination classful
network ID, and the second 4 octets specify the router IP address.
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be used to configure split tunneling for remote access virtual private network (VPN) clients running Windows XP
and Windows Server 2003. For more information, see “VPN Technical
Reference [http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsServer/en/library/7fd37ece-f0df-4c84-b284-
c9cf9e1401981033.mspx] .”
Code
249
Note
Length
Variable. Minimum length of 5 octets; maximum octet length depends on the nature and number of the
classless static routes. Each route entry includes a destination descriptor and a router and can vary from a
minimum of 5 octets in length to maximum 9 octets in length. For more information about how classless static
routes are constructed using a destination descriptor, see RFC 3442 in the IETF RFC
Database [http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=3952] .
Value
The destination descriptor and the router IP address. The value is encoded. For the encoding scheme, see RFC
3442.
Trailer Encapsulation
This option specifies whether the client negotiates the use of trailers, as described in RFC 893, when using the
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).
Code
34
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
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34 1 0|1
Code
35
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
An unsigned 32-bit integer specifying a time-out value, in seconds.
Ethernet Encapsulation
This option specifies whether the client uses Ethernet II (RFC 894) or IEEE 802.3 (RFC 1042) encapsulation (if
the interface is Ethernet).
Code
36
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
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36 1 0|1
TCP Options
The following sections describe the DHCP options that affect operation of the TCP layer on a per-interface basis.
Code
37
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
An unsigned 8-bit integer specifying a Time-To-Live (TTL) value in seconds. The minimum TTL value is 1.
Code
38
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
An unsigned 32-bit integer that specifies a keep-alive interval, in seconds.
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Code
39
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
39 1 0|1
Code
40
Length
Length varies depending on data in value. Minimum length is 1 octet.
Value
ASCII character text.
NIS Servers
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This option lists the IP addresses in order of preference for Network Information Service (NIS) servers available
to the client.
Code
41
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each NIS server.
NTP Servers
This option lists the IP addresses in the order of preference for Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers available to
the client.
Code
42
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address of each NTP server.
Code
48
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Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing each server IP address.
Code
49
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing each server IP address.
Code
64
Length
Length varies depending on the data in its value. Minimum length is 1 octet.
Value
ASCII character text.
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NIS+ Servers
This option lists the IP addresses in the order of preference for Network Information Service Plus (NIS+) servers
available to the client.
Code
65
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing IP address of NIS+ servers.
Code
68
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 0 octets. A length of 0 octets signifies that no mobile IP home agents are available.
Octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each mobile IP home agent address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integer representing IP address of a mobile IP home agent.
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This option lists the IP addresses in order of preference for SMTP servers available to the client.
Code
69
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server IP address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integers representing IP addresses of servers.
Code
70
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server IP address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integers representing IP addresses of servers.
Code
71
Length
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Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server IP address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integers representing IP addresses of servers.
Code
72
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server IP address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integers representing IP addresses of servers.
Top of page
Code
73
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server IP address listed.
Value
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Code
74
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server IP address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integers representing IP addresses of servers.
StreetTalk Server
This option lists the IP addresses in order of preference for StreetTalk servers available to the client.
Code
75
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server IP address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integers representing IP addresses of servers.
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This option lists the IP addresses in order of preference for StreetTalk Directory Assistance (STDA) servers
available to the client.
Code
76
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; octet length increases in multiples of 4 for each server IP address listed.
Value
Unsigned 32-bit integers representing IP addresses of servers.
WINS/NBNS Servers
This option lists the IP addresses for NetBIOS name servers (NBNSes) on the network. In Windows, a Windows
Internet Name Service (WINS) server is an NBNS. A DHCP client running Windows XP or Windows Server 2003
requests this option.
Code
44
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; length can be increased by multiples of 4 for each address listed.
Value
Each 4 octets in this field contains an NBNS server IP address, specified as an unsigned 32-bit integer.
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Code
45
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 4 octets; length can be increased only by multiples of 4.
Value
Each 4 octets in this field contains an NBDD server IP address, specified as an unsigned 32-bit integer.
Code
46
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
• 1 = b-node
• 2 = p-node
• 4 = m-node
• 8 = h-node
46 1 1|2|4|8
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Code
47
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 1 octet. Octet length is equal to the number of characters used in NetBIOS scope
ID.
Value
This option specifies the NetBIOS over TCP/IP scope identifier used by the client. The format used for these
scope IDs is described in RFCs 1001 and 1002. For character-set restrictions, see the RFCs.
47 n scope identifier
Vendor-Specific Options
This section describes reserved DHCP options specified for vendor class use. The vendor-specific options are
specified in RFC 2132. Vendor classes can be used by the DHCP service and DHCP clients running
Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003. For any other DHCP clients, default classes provided by
the DHCP service can be used to group and classify non-identifying clients at the DHCP server.
The Windows Server 2003 DHCP snap-in provides a default vendor class called DHCP Standard. This class can
be used to group and classify clients that do not identify a vendor class to the DHCP service.
Vendor-Specific Information
This option is used by clients and servers to exchange vendor-specific information. Servers not equipped to
interpret the information ignore it. Clients that expect but do not receive the information attempt to operate
without it.
In some cases, a vendor uses this option to send more than one information item; therefore, this option can
serve as a subfield for encapsulating vendor-specific options. When encapsulating options, DHCP servers
maintain the same syntax (the same sequence of code, length, and value fields) for each encapsulated option
as it would normally appear in the full standard options field. The following exceptions are for the encapsulated,
vendor-specific subfield:
• All standard option codes — other than the padding option (0) or the end option (255) — can be
redefined, but should conform to the code, length, value syntax sequence described in RFC 2131.
• If present, the end option (255) signifies the end of the encapsulated vendor options, but not the end of
the encapsulated vendor-specific subfield. If no end option is present, the end for the encapsulated
vendor-specific subfield is taken from its stated length. For more information, see RFC 2132 in the IETF
RFC Database [http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=3952] .
Code
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43
Length
Variable. Minimum length is 1 octet.
Value
An object of n octets (where n is equal to the length specified with this option). The definition of values stored
for this option is vendor specific, and values provided here are presumed to be interpreted by vendor-specific
code on DHCP clients and the DHCP server.
When this option uses an encapsulated vendor-specific subfield, the information bytes 1–n have the following
format.
T2 n d1, d2, dn
For Windows Server 2003, all computers that function either as DHCP servers or DHCP clients can use and
support this option. When vendor classes are used, the DHCP server responds to identifying clients by using
option 43, the reserved option for returning vendor-specific information to the client.
DHCP servers that do not automatically interpret this option are expected to ignore it. For earlier, Windows-
based clients and other clients that do not support this option, the DHCP service classifies these clients as part
of the default vendor class — the DHCP Standard option class — predefined for Windows-based DHCP servers.
Code
60
Length
Variable. Minimum is 1 octet; Length varies according to n (the number of octets used as an identifier).
Value
A value of n octets, which can be interpreted by DHCP servers that support vendor-specific classification of
clients.
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You can use the DHCP snap-in to define specific user classes. When user classes are created, each class sets an
identifying string of information to be used by the DHCP service to classify identifying clients. Also, a default
user class is created for classifying clients that are unable to support a user class ID.
User classes can be helpful for separating client computers that have a shared or common need for similar
software configuration or user preferences. For example, an identifier can specify that a particular DHCP client
be a member of the class “accounting auditors,” who have special service needs, such as a particular database
server.
Computers running Windows Server 2003 support sending or using this option. Legacy DHCP clients do not send
a class ID and cannot recognize DHCP user class IDs. Such client’s are assigned to the Default User Class, a
user class predefined for immediate use in the DHCP snap-in. Other user classes must be manually created.
Code
77
Length
Variable. Minimum is 2 octets.
Value
ASCII character text.
DHCP Extensions
The following options are specific to DHCP and are used to implement default protocol interaction and system
behavior between servers and clients. Some of these options are implicitly set when you configure server and
scope properties using the DHCP snap-in.
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Requested IP Address
This option can be used by clients when sending a DHCPDiscover message to request a specific IP address from
the DHCP server.
Code
50
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
Single, unsigned 32-bit integer representing a requested IP address.
Code
51
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
Single, unsigned 32-bit integer representing a clients lease time (in seconds).
Option Overload
Used in messages sent by a DHCP server to indicate that either of the standard message fields in a DHCP packet
for server_host_name (sname) and boot_file_name (file) can be used to hold options (a condition also known
as overloaded).
When this option is used, it extends the options area in each packet by indicating that unused space for one or
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both of these two standard fields should be allocated to the area used to carry DHCP options.
Code
52
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option include:
52 1 1|2|3
Code
66
Length
Variable depending on data in value. Minimum length is 1 octet.
Value
ASCII character text.
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Code
67
Length
Variable depending on data in value. Minimum length is 1 octet.
Value
ASCII character text.
Code
53
Length
Fixed, 1 octet.
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
53 1 1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8
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Server Identifier
This option is used in DHCPOffer and DHCPRequest messages, and might appear in DHCP Acknowledgment
messages (DHCPAck, DHCPNak). The server identifier is the IP address of a selected DHCP server.
This option is used in three possible ways. First, servers include this option in DHCPOffer messages so that
clients can distinguish between multiple lease offers. Second, clients include this option in DHCPRequest
messages to select a lease and indicate which offer is accepted from multiple lease offers. Third, clients can use
the contents of this option for unicast transmission of DHCPRequest messages to specific DHCP servers to renew
a current lease.
Code
54
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
A single, unsigned 32-bit integer representing the IP address that identifies the DHCP server.
For clients that use this option, the list can be ordered by preference. Although the DHCP server is not required
to return options in the order they are requested it does attempt to insert the requested options in the
requested order.
Code
55
Length
Variable. Minimum of 1 octet; length increases by 1 octet for each option code included in the request list.
Value
List of 8-bit values, each representing an option code between 0 and 255.
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55 n c1, c2...cn
Optional Message
Can be used by both the DHCP server and DHCP clients in the following ways:
• A server can use this option to provide and embed an error message in a DHCP Negative
Acknowledgment (DHCPNak) message in the event of a failure.
• A client can use this option in a DHCPDecline message to indicate why it declined offered parameters.
The message consists of a variable-length ASCII text string, which the receiving computer can then either log or
display.
Code
56
Length
Minimum of 1 octet. Length depends on the length of the sent message.
Value
ASCII character text.
56 n c1, c2...cn
Code
57
Length
Fixed, 2 octets.
Value
A 16-bit integer indicating the maximum size, in octets, for a DHCP message. The minimum value for this option
is 576.
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57 2 maximum size
Code
58
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
A 32-bit unsigned integer indicating the number of seconds before the client begins to renew its address lease
with the DHCP server.
Code
59
Length
Fixed, 4 octets.
Value
A 32-bit unsigned integer indicating the number of seconds before the client enters the rebinding state (if it has
not renewed its current address lease with the DHCP server).
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Each clients identifier must be unique among all other client identifiers used on the DHCP client’s local subnet
and any remote subnets reachable using DHCP relay. Vendors and system administrators are responsible for
choosing client identifiers that meet this requirement for uniqueness. One way to ensure unique values is to use
the client’s media access control (MAC) address as the client identifier value. Media access control addresses are
encoded in the client’s network adapter hardware, and are assigned to hardware manufacturers in such a way
as to ensure that they are unique for each device.
Code
61
Length
Variable length; minimum length is 2 octets.
Value
A series of 2 or more octets treated as a single value by the DHCP server. Servers can interpret and use this
value to uniquely identify clients. The client identifier can consist of type-value pairs similar to the DHCP Header
fields “htype” and “chaddr,” which are defined by the DHCP protocol.
61 n t1 i1, i2...in
Administrator-Defined Options
This section describes DHCP options that are reserved and specified for use by RFC 2132, but are not predefined
for use in the DHCP snap-in. Administrators can add these options to support DHCP clients that recognize these
options.
The option is communicated between Internet Explorer client computers and the DHCP server using the
DHCPInform message. DHCPInform is currently supported for DHCP servers running Windows Server 2003 and
DHCP clients running Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003.
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The use of additional DHCP configuration is supported by Internet Explorer 5.x and Internet Explorer 6, but not
earlier versions, because those use different methods for automatic detection and configuration of proxy server
settings.
You can add and configure an alias (CNAME) resource record at the DNS server to support Internet Explorer
proxy server auto-discovery and configuration features.
Code
252
Length
Variable
Value
A URL that points to the configuration file that the client should use for automatic configuration of Internet
Explorer 5.x and Internet Explorer 6.
Microsoft Options
This section describes reserved DHCP options defined by Microsoft. These options are only available for use with
supported Windows-based DHCP clients, such as computers running Windows Server 2003.
The Microsoft options are provided as encapsulated vendor-specific data fields within the vendor-specific
information option.
Currently, administrators can assign these options are by using the DHCP snap-in through the following vendor
classes: Microsoft options and Microsoft Windows 2000 options.
Code
1
Length
4 octets
Value
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001 4 1|2
Code
2
Length
4 octets
Value
Accepted values for this option are:
002 4 0|1
Code
3
Length
4 octets
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Value
This value represents a specified router metric base to be used for all default gateway routes used by DHCP-
enabled clients running Windows Server 2003. This value can be assigned as an integer representing a cost
metric ranging from 1 through 9,999. It is used in calculating the fastest, most reliable, and least expensive
routes. If a value is not specified, a default of either one (1) or the currently set interface-specific metric is
used.
Related Information
The following resources contain additional information that is relevant to this section.
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