MANIFESTO OF THE EASTERN NAGA DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

Issued by: The Organization.

Introduction and History

The Nagas are one of Mongolian Racial groups who migrated to present land Nagaland through mainland China. The origin of the Nagas is shrouded in mystery. Naga country was divided by the British into Burma and India. Today a large part of Nagaland is in Northeast of India and Eastern Nagas are living in Sagaing Division and Northwest of Kachin State in Myanmar. Most of Eastern Nagaland is hilly with tropical forest. Only in Chindwin River Bank that our land has plains. The Nagas have been living independently since time immemorial. In the past, Nagas had no King or a government to rule the entire Nagaland. But each village has its own independent and ruled by village Chieftains called Wang, Ahng, Nokpao, Tatzing and so on, which is maintained as a village republic till today. The village Chairman appointed by the Burmese Government is therefore regarded as village representative to the Burmese Government and has no authority to rule the village. No village or community was subjected to another village or community. Village republics were a form of democracy. They have no contact with the outside world till the Second World War when the British fought against the Japanese in the Naga Hills (Eastern Nagaland). And they have no knowledge of boundary line drawn by the British during 1914 in the heart of Naga country following the Patkai Range. British had no authority to divide our land. Nagas also did not know Burma except their immediate neighbors like Kachins and Shans. Only after 1950s they came to know Burmese (Maan), since the Burmese Government claims the Naga Hills as integral part of Burma.

Land In most of the villages, land belong to village community and in some villages land belongs to founder of the village, yet once cultivated land becomes the private land of the cultivator and it goes to the next generations of the cultivator. From time immemorial we give no land tax to any government.

Economy. The Nagas in these regions are the poorest people in Myanmar. Their economy is solely depending on shifting cultivation with the

exception of Somra Region where they had developed terrace fields. In Namyung and Lahe areas, the villagers are not only depending on shifting cultivation but also growing poppy for their income. Hence most of our people become opium addicts irrespective of young and old, thus human life is completely destroyed. There is no government to check and control the poppy growing or drug addicts. Education The Military Junta has no plan and scheme for our education, health care and developmental program. Education in Eastern Nagaland started only in 1950 by Christian missionaries. However, when Gen. Newin, declared Military rule in 1962; all the Missionary schools were closed down. But no schools were established in our Naga Hills in place of mission schools, except five primary schools at the villages where the Army Camps set up. After 1976 the Naga national workers opened some primary schools in Khiamniungan, Lainong and West part of Heimi Regions and started some basic education for the Naga youths. Only after 1980 the primary schools were opened in some villages by the Myanmar Military Government but the teachers ration are providing by the concerned villagers. Many students dropped their education after their primary education for their parents have no income to support them. Only few students could manage to attend high school, even then it is still a far dream for them to attend college and university. Thus our people become so backward in the corner of Northwest Burma. In 1964, a High School was established by the Kachin Baptist Missionary for the Nagas at Shingbwi Yang, but the Burmese Military Dictators closed down the school and only after more than forty years, in 2007, the Burmese Military Junta established a high school in the same village

Religion. The American Baptist Missionary brought Christianity to the Western part of Nagaland in 1876 and the same is reached to Eastern Nagaland after 70 years in 1946s. Now majority of our people are Christians. Only few Nagas are converted into Buddhism since Burmese Military Junta forced them to do so after 1990s. Before we became Christian our people were animists.

Health care. The Burmese Military Junta has no plan for health care in Naga Hills. Many villagers are dying due to lack of medical treatments and no dispensaries in the villages. Some dispensaries and Hospitals can be found only in the Military Juntas Headquarters. Now we are living in more vulnerable circumstances for dreaded disease like AIDS can be easily detracted from the Burmese Soldiers, from Jade Mines and Gold Mines.

Public Organization. Except the Naga Yuya Committee (Naga Cultural Committee), no other public organization (such as Youth Organization, Student organization, Women organization, Human Right Organization) is allowed to form in Eastern Nagaland by the Military Government. But the Eastern Nagas formed the Eastern Naga Student Association (ENSA) in Western Nagaland in 2004 and formed Naga Youth Organization (NYO) at Mae Sot Thailand in May 2009 and also Naga Women Organization in Western Nagaland in 2010 to serve in the interest of Naga people.

The most neglected area. The Eastern Nagaland is the most isolated and neglected region in Burma with no contact of the outside world. The Burmese Government totally neglected them and has no plan for development of the areas. The Nagas have never heard any facility of the Government nor of any humanitarian aid from outside world. They are living as naked and illiterate as in the days before the Independence of Burma. There is no vehicle road constructed by the Burmese Government except from Khamti to Lahe which is being constructing, but vehicle run able only in dry season. A vehicle road constructed by Alliance Forces during the Second World War from India to Unan province, China, which traverses Heimi Naga Region, is not repaired since the post World War. Therefore communication is only through foot-path or bridle-path. Communication through phone is never heard.

The Nagas are simple, innocent, sincere, truthful and hard working people. They dont know the worlds written form of Human rights, yet they have no class society or discrimination, no one is deprived of the right to worship or to own his/her property including land, even in the jungle, if someone makes a sign (cross) as he found it and owned; no village chieftain or others take it by force. But they have much wonder and disgust as to why the Burmese Army who claim as civilize people act with brutality against the Nagas, such as intimidating, forcing them to work without payment, raping and molesting woman, beating and torturing; for instance: in March 2005 the Burmese Army burned down a rest house which was constructed by Christian with donations (Rupees 15,000/-) on the way between Noklak, a small town on the Indian side of the border and Tsonkhao village on the Burmese side. While they were burning the rest house, five villagers who were coming from Noklak arrived at the spot. The Burmese Army arrested and tortured them very severely and all their belongings were thrown into the fire. Again in the same year in November, Burmese Army under the Command of Maj. Khaing Tun Naing arrested a Christian Pastor of Chawang Nukwuk village in Namyung Township and beat him for three days. He was maimed for life. Within three days, the villagers (all Christians) were forced to convert into Buddhism. Then the Pastor was released and sent him to his village. Pastors of Solo and Ponnyu villages were beaten brutally and their Churches were locked. But the world does not know such human right violations in Naga Hills, because the Eastern Nagaland is the most neglected and isolated areas. Formation of the Eastern Naga Development Organization (ENDO). 1. With this background in view we have formed this nongovernmental organization with hope and a vision to work for our people through peaceful means joining hands with all walks of life. The organization shall be non-political and shall perform the duty of the organization with utmost sincerity, honesty, and truthfulness in the interest of the people. We believe that to work for our people is not for our profit but to serve our people with charity. 2. The name of the Organization shall be called Eastern Naga Development Organization (ENDO). It is formed on 6th October 2010 with eleven members at Myanmar-Thai border. Eno W. Wondin, the founder of the organization will play the role of an elder and adviser with aspiration and commitment, to work for his people. The organizational duty shall be performed by the Chairman of the organization with the advice and guidance of the founder. If it does not contradict with the

aspiration of the founder or with the interest of the people, the chairman of the organization can perform the function independently unless the necessary consent of the founder is required. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (1) The aims and objectives of ENDO are the following: To uplift the education of Naga Youths, To work for health care of the people, To eradicate growing of the poppy in Eastern Nagaland, To work for human Rights through its separate branch, and For the preservation of environment. To uplift the education of Eastern Naga youths: - The organization shall explore ways and means for the education of students. The organization will raise funds to support students for schools, colleges and Universities by providing them with scholarship. For health care: Youth with interest in health care service will be given Medic Training from the Medical institution here in Thai-Myanmar border or other places. And for the medical service other support shall be explored. For the eradication of poppy growing: The organization cannot start with immediate action but shall have a long term planning, to eradicate poppy plantation in 20-30 years. Firstly, the organization shall give education to our people to abandon growing of poppy slowly and find out what crops or plants to grow in lieu of poppy such as valuable medicinal plants, rubber plants or silviculture etc. For this project the organization will seek the cooperation and help of others who are fighting against such drug trafficking. For the protection of human rights: the organization has to form a branch of organization to check the human rights violation which is committing very frequent by military junta against the Naga people. Some youths shall be given human rights education and shall be entrusted to work in this field. For the preservation of environment: the organization shall check deforestation and depletion of forest, contamination of rivers and lakes, and shall give education to our people how to protect and preserve our environment.

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Goal : To broaden the horizon of the youths and to awaken our people.

Mission : To inform the world about the plights, sufferings and impoverished of Eastern Naga people.

Appointment and termination of Service. 4. The Eastern Naga Development Organization is not a political party or organization; therefore, the leaders are not elected but selected and entrusted as volunteers as he/she may be inspired by the spirit to serve the poor Naga people. His/her service shall be intact as long as he/she is willing to serve our people or so long as the people are pleased with his/her service. The service can be terminated or dismissed on the ground of remissness in duty, disciplinary action or he/she so desires to retire from the public service. Function. 5. The organization shall have: 1 chairman, 1 Vice Chairman, 1 General Secretary, 2 Joint Secretaries, 1 finance secretary and five active members. If it is needed, more members can be inducted in the future. 6. The organization shall work for all Eastern Nagas (under Myanmar) and members shall be inducted from all areas. The members shall have direct contact with the founder and chairman when they need necessary advice and direction, otherwise they can work freely without interference. 7. The meeting of the organization shall be held at least two times in a year, summon by the Chairman with the consent of the founder to discuss and share the activities of the organization and present an annul report to the Annual General Meeting to review for further development. 8. The account shall be properly maintained and yearly report shall be given to the officers of the organization for the record of the organization. 9. The finance shall be supervised by the founder and record kept by finance secretary and shall utilize with the consent of the founder and chairman. Income and expenditure shall be audited two times in a year.

Maintenance. 10. The administrative cost of the leaders or members shall be covered by the organization. The leaders and members of the organization shall have the right to allocate the scholarship to the students. Disciplinary rules. 11. To serve our people is a matter of charity and is a sacred task, therefore no one is fit to be leader or member if he/she works for selfish motive or gain in the name of the organization. Good leadership must be maintained and which must be as a heritage to hand down to the next generations. 12. The best of the Naga tradition of honesty, integrity, honor, and service to fellow villagers shall be observed and promoted through our organization. Telling lie, deceiving others, cheating and false accusation against others are taboo. This good tradition is to be maintained by all the leaders and members of the organization. 13. Also the Naga traditional family system is monogamy and therefore a polygamist or sexual immorality/adulterer is not fit to be leader or members of the organization. 14. The Nagas traditionally use to drink rice beer; however the leaders and members shall be maintained the traditional code of decency and no drunkenness on the part of leaders and members shall be allowed. 15. Extortion of money in the name of organization or misused of fund shall be severely dealt with and if anyone who commits it shall be dismissed from the membership of the organization. Misused of fund must be refunded by him/her. If failed to do so, it shall be dealt according to our tradition. 16. If any leader or member defaulted above mentioned disciplinary rule should be dismissed from the service. We shall amend our constitution from time to time according to the need and the changes of the situation.

Motto of the Organizatio: Marching toward modern age.

Officers of the organization. 1. Eno Shangyung Wang 2. Eno Hangphuk 3. Eno Sv. Ajohn 4. Eno Sv. Peter 5. Eno Matee Thadawisut 6. Eno Rinhku Naw 7. Eno Htanye Mungre 8. Eno K. Nyisaung 9. Eno Athong 10. Eno Khiyung 11. Eno L. John 12. Eno Lanmoe 13. Eno Philip 14. Eli Minchan 15. Eli Ngingchan 16. Eno Htay Chok Chairman, Office Maesot, Thailand. GeneralSecretary,Kohima,Nagaland Joint Secretary Joint Secretary Finance Secretary Coordinator, Yangon Office Office Incharge Assistant Office Incharge Information Education Coordinator Member Member Member Member Member Member