Chapter 3 States of Matter Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement

or answers the question. ____ 1. In a. b. c. d. a solid, the particles overcome the strong attraction between them. vibrate in place. slide past one another. move independently of one another.

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2. Crystalline solids a. include glass and rubber. b. may also be liquids. c. have particles that are not in a special arrangement. d. have particles in a repeating pattern of rows. 3. A gas a. has b. has c. has d. has a definite volume but no definite shape. a definite shape but no definite volume. fast-moving particles. particles that are always close together.

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4. At higher temperatures a. particles in an object move faster. b. gas particles bump into walls less often. c. a gas contracts. d. particles in an object have less energy. 5. Boyles law states that for a fixed amount of gas a. at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely related to pressure. b. at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is directly related to pressure. c. at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly related to temperature. d. at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is inversely related to temperature.

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6. According to Charless law a. decreasing the temperature of a gas causes the pressure on the molecules to decrease. b. decreasing the temperature of a gas causes the volume of a gas to increase. c. increasing the temperature of a gas causes the volume of a gas to increase. d. increasing the temperature of a gas causes the pressure on the molecules to increase. 7. Which of these factors could affect the temperature at which water boils? a. the volume of water in the pot b. the atmospheric pressure at which the water is heated c. the amount of energy added to the water d. the type of fuel used to heat the water 8. How do the particles of water that evaporate from an open container differ from the particles that remain? a. The evaporated particles only have more speed. b. The evaporated particles have greater order. c. The evaporated particles only have higher energy. d. The evaporated particles have more speed and higher energy. 9. Which of the following occurs when a liquid becomes a gas? a. The particles give off energy. b. The particles break away from one another. c. The particles move closer together. d. The particles slow down.

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____ 10. A drop of vinegar will flow and spread out but a drop of vegetable oil will form a bead. This is evidence that a. vegetable oil has a lower surface tension and lower viscosity than vinegar. b. vinegar has a lower surface tension and lower viscosity than vegetable oil. c. vegetable oil has a lower surface tension and higher viscosity than vinegar. d. vinegar has a lower surface tension and higher viscosity than vegetable oil.

____ 11. The melting point of salt is the same as its a. boiling point. c. freezing point. b. condensation point. d. sublimation point. ____ 12. Which of the following statement is NOT true of all different types of matter? a. They are made up of atoms and molecules. b. The particles that make them up are always in motion. c. They are made up of extremely small particles. d. The particles that make them up move at the same speed. ____ 13. Which of the following examples involves an exothermic change? a. ice melting in a glass of lemonade b. water boiling in a large pot c. gaseous water particles coming together to form droplets on a cup d. air in a bicycle tire gaining pressure on a hot day ____ 14. What type of matter does Boyles law tell us about? a. solids c. gases b. liquids d. any kind of matter ____ 15. What is the same as the melting point of salt? a. its boiling point c. its freezing point b. its condensation point d. its sublimation point Vocabulary (words must be spelled correctly for credit) Complete each sentence or statement. 16. The particles of a ____________________ are far apart and move independently of one another. 17. A liquids resistance to flow is called ____________________. 18. The shape and volume of matter in the ____________________ state do not change. 19. The drops of water that appear on the outside of a glass of cold juice on a warm day are an example of ____________________. 20. The way a balloon decreases in volume when the temperature is decreased illustrates ____________________. 21. The change of state from a liquid to a gas is ____________________.

22. Sublimation is a change of state from a solid directly to a(n) ____________________. 23. In a(n) ____________________ change, energy is added to a substance. 24. One property of liquids is ____________________. 25. The volume of a gas is related to its temperature. Pressure must be constant. This is ____________________. 26. The amount of space that an object takes up is its ____________________. 27. The particles of a crystalline ____________________ have a three-dimensional pattern. 28. A state of matter with fixed volume, but not a fixed shape, is a ____________________. 29. Gasoline has a low ____________________ and forms flat drops. 30. The particles of a ____________________ are far apart. Matching

Match each item with the correct statement. a. change of state f. sublimation b. melting g. freezing c. evaporation h. vapor pressure d. boiling i. exothermic e. condensation j. endothermic
____ 31. a change in which energy is gained by a substance as it changes state ____ 32. the change of state from a solid to a liquid ____ 33. the change of a substance from one physical form to another ____ 34. the pressure inside the bubbles of a boiling liquid ____ 35. the change of state from a solid directly to a gas ____ 36. the change of state from a liquid to a gas ____ 37. the change of a liquid to a vapor throughout the liquid ____ 38. a change in which energy is removed from the substance as it changes state ____ 39. the change of state from a gas to a liquid ____ 40. the change of state from a liquid to a solid

Match each item with the correct statement. a. states of matter f. gas b. viscosity g. temperature c. solid h. volume d. liquid i. pressure e. surface tension j. change of state
____ 41. It can be determined by measuring the speed of molecules. ____ 42. This happens when tomato soup boils. ____ 43. Ice, water, and steam are all examples. ____ 44. This is a state of matter in which atoms and molecules are close together but can slide past each other. ____ 45. It has no definite volume. ____ 46. It may be either crystalline or amorphous. ____ 47. It increases when the amount of force per unit area increases. ____ 48. This force acts on the particles of milk at the surface of a glass of milk. ____ 49. This can only be measured in three dimensions. ____ 50. This property of liquids is affected by the strength of the attraction between the molecules.

fff Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B 2. ANS: D 3. ANS: C 4. ANS: A 5. ANS: A 6. ANS: C 7. ANS: B 8. ANS: D 9. ANS: B 10. ANS: B 11. ANS: C 12. ANS: D 13. ANS: C 14. ANS: C 15. ANS: C COMPLETION 16. ANS: gas DIF: 1 17. ANS: viscosity DIF: 1 18. ANS: solid DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 2 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 3 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 REF: 1 REF: 1 REF: 2 REF: 2 REF: 2 REF: 3 REF: 3 REF: 1 REF: 1 REF: 3 REF: 1 REF: 3 REF: 2 REF: 3 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 1 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 5 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 1 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2

19. ANS: condensation DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 3

20. ANS: Charless law

DIF: 1 21. ANS: evaporation DIF: 1 22. ANS: gas DIF: 1 23. ANS: endothermic DIF: 2 24. ANS: viscosity DIF: 1

REF: 2

OBJ: 2

REF: 3

OBJ: 3

REF: 3

OBJ: 4

REF: 3

OBJ: 1

REF: 1

OBJ: 2

25. ANS: Charless law DIF: 1 26. ANS: volume DIF: 1 27. ANS: solid DIF: 1 28. ANS: liquid DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 REF: 2 OBJ: 1 REF: 2 OBJ: 2

29. ANS: surface tension DIF: 1 30. ANS: gas DIF: 1 MATCHING 31. ANS: J 32. ANS: B DIF: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 REF: 3 OBJ: 1 OBJ: 2 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 REF: 1 OBJ: 2

33. ANS: A 34. ANS: H 35. ANS: F 36. ANS: C 37. ANS: D 38. ANS: I 39. ANS: E 40. ANS: G 41. ANS: G 42. ANS: J 43. ANS: A 44. ANS: D 45. ANS: F 46. ANS: C 47. ANS: I 48. ANS: E 49. ANS: H 50. ANS: B

DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 2 DIF: 1 DIF: 1 DIF: 1

REF: 3 REF: 3 REF: 3 REF: 3 REF: 3 REF: 3 REF: 3 REF: 3 REF: 2 REF: 3 REF: 1 REF: 1 REF: 1 REF: 1 REF: 2 REF: 1 REF: 2 REF: 1

OBJ: 1 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 4 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 1 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 1 OBJ: 1 OBJ: 1 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2