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Plate theory
The plate theory of chromatography was developed by Archer John Porter Martin and
Richard Laurence Millington Synge. The plate theory describes the chromatography
system, the mobile and stationary phases, as being in equilibrium. The partition
coefficient K is based on this equilibrium, and is defined by the following equation:
Paper Chromatography
This is an older technique which involves placing a small spot of sample solution onto a
strip of chromatography paper. The paper is placed into a jar containing a shallow layer
of solvent and sealed. As the solvent rises through the paper it meets the sample mixture
which starts to travel up the paper with the solvent. Different compounds in the sample
mixture travel different distances according to how strongly they interact with the paper.
This allows the calculation of an Rf value and can be compared to standard compounds to
aid in the identification of an unknown substance.