•

..
•

..
 s( <M, ~if ~~~rl
!(t<!~,~~s')

~r<l:~ ~ OflCf~t~ ~n:~u,

~'e>t~~~~ '5{~~t~", 'Slcf~<:?[~
iJ]t~, C~ \!~ ~~~~t~ '5ft~~, C'1~ 11l~:-
~~ ~R'65~, '1<1<f~~~~~, ~~ ~~h!~~~~ ~f.I~J, '1~~
~:~, '1~~ ~t~ I

'1~'~~rt
~~~ ~(jf,-'1~~ '5j~~J~ 111l~ C~ rtlCft'" rtrt$f f<lfD<1i f<t".f-
this solid-seeming universe, it is in a constant. state
of flux-~~1 f.rn~ 9f~'tt~, '1~~ f<f~~ijt", I l1l<tlfW~111rt~".(~
~~ rt"'~f<I~ ~~C<t~- .
-~.ml{: ~\!l<!t~~
~~ ~1 t!toit~t~-5ft\51,
lrl')~
111 '1~~ f<I~~ ~ ~xf~ 11l<tl~~ I t~Clf<i~ ~ <tl~t~
<lM~~~-Upto the highest world of the gods, every
existence becomes annihilated I ~¥j~~t51<'iJ "il~~~ c~tC<tl
11l~'1i!Jt:<fi~ m9f ~_

~~ ~Qjtl)Qjt: ~~ ~:
~~ilf11 ~·r~~~: I
if ~~ il~~ il~~ CQj~:
<!J{: f~l{~~~t~ C1'tt~:II

•
 )"8) ] \~m~ (~1'
~"1.!l<{~q;rn<t~ Pfq;t~ 1.!l~-
A rising shews itself, passing away shews .. itself, @~1C~Cilit~t~ \S~ 1.!l<t~
~~f~t~ ~t~ ~~<fi-
during existence vicissitude shews itself. -~~~ f.r<fit~,11 p 261. 'If'~ ~~ <l'rnfill{~ ~fTt~ I{~~~~ ~'tmo;1
C~~~~t~ 1.!l~<fi~t~ <ta;1~~tc~- " lf' <t~t~~
-~9f .•

Impermanent are all the compounds of existence! ~ wt-ffer<f'<3'xt~~ ••ct~~~fil' <lMm~il 1.!l<{~
iltil1
Painful are all the compounds of existence !
-c~~~tQj'j,v 227
s~c~ @~~ s~~~ ~Ri9ffi <fimtc~ :-'c-.ttst<tl ~m~'-
Things of a daY-<fi~-@9ffo'I~ il~<fi~t~ ~ ~tt •• 9f 1.!l<t~
~~l?i-
~~~~-~9ff.I~cw-~<{~ ~ct~ (xt<tCW~)~<t~"-1.!l~ @9f~
"All things are subject to annihilation, to destruction
• • • • they are subject to cessation, to changeableness. ~~'l <fi~ I 9ft~ ~~~ ~'1~ Pf~t~ 1.!l~Cll, xt~~ •.•
-1j~~f~<ft~, iv p 216 catabolism1.!l~ ~ca; ~~>Jf''1~~ ~~t~ ~f~ '!i{t9f~1ft~ ~~fi~
1.!l<f<fi~~, ~~ ~~ ~~"il~ (has origin), ~<t<l:~~~ ~~~~ 1.!l<{~
il<{~~@9ftlftil "mit ~"1 ~~~ ~~~ I 1.!l~~9f
~~ <{e,m;~ ~~M~ xt~it ~~{ il~ ~ I
f;{c~t~~"il~
~-~~~f.r<tlrn,~8q ~~ I

-~~~ ~~ ~t~, "t~t~~ <tm ~r.;~-C~ A"man who deliberately chooses that he will have a
'!i{>Jf'~
~~~ 9ftt~ il1-~ ''!i{f;{~J'I ~~~ ~-~ I pure body, either takes advantage of the fact that his body com-
pletely changes t'n seven years or prefers the shorter and more
1jt~ ~~ ~~~tf\!J~~1~~ ..~rn ~~~-~'3l9f~ difficult path of changing it more rapidly •• The particles, of
which those bodies are composed, are constantly coming and
I.!l~f.l"-.t~9fC~~~~il1.!l<fi~ ~~9ffu ~~~t~a;, ,,~~ ~i}J~0{
going.-Mrs Besant's Man and his Bodies, pp 18, 20.
~t~ ~~txt ~<l1IJRgt~I ~tNc~ ~~, ~c~ f.l"~-~r.;lD" ~ <{J~,
~~1.!l<t'~~~ 'Cl~J~' ~q;tWt<{~1.!l~~~tfu> ~~C~ ~t9ffu
f<l~~9ffilct~ I ~~ 1.!l~ ~9fr.:~~ il~ '~~~' ( what passe
@~~ 9fttit ill I f<fi~ ~~ @~t<t-1.!l~ '!i{~, ~c~rn 9f-Dtc~
away-~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~); C~~~~~ ~~t~ il~ '~~~t~'
~r.;W<tC<fitilf<t>\ ~<t, f.f~J ~tf.lt,,~ ~ ill ?
(endless chain of changes-~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ~~~t~: I
-Whose secret presence, thro' creation's veins,
~"rn s~<tt" (!j)~ "t~ ~tt<fi '~xt~'· <{M~tr.;~~-~:~ta;~~
Running quick-sliver like, eludes your pains.
~xtm, ( ~"1, "'I ~~) I ~~ =_~f.l5!; ( ~f.I"J ) I
@9ff.l~ Cll~ ·f.lt~J1 f;{~Jtilt~ l~~t" ~:' '!i{>Jf'~~~~ ~~7"?'
1.!l~~ ~t1fttiRl m:-~~te~ ~9fr.:~~ ~'$f'" I ~m
~ ~ 'Cl<l"rn
1.!l<fi
xtN~, f;{"J, f.I~<fi~ ~~ @9fC~ <fi~~tc~-
~t~<f ilt~ xt~~-ll~l ~{ ~~, ~'f' ~~ I ~q;m <(M~tr.;~,
fllfi{ '~illlJJ~~ ~il-Jm~t-
C1f~ ~~ ~9fr.:~~ '!i{~'$f'~, ~~il ~~t~ ~<t1 AA ilt~-
~11~~~\ ~tl!\ f~h~
9f~~, I
~"J-
~·t
~~'{3
f<l~~<;~R~~~~
ll: '1~r~1j ~~~ n-5it\!J1,~¢I~'I
~~~ <l~~*l~~ .u~~~~ -~m<tit 'ifxt/C~' ~~9f ~'e~ ~t~ 'Cltc~ ~~1? ,~fW ill
- ~~, ~~t<l~ t~1 'Wt ~f.l iftRg~ <{~O{ I
• •
•
 It
8 ~~

l.!l~»9tc<1i iS9\f;r~\i(f<fi ~~m:~i{! iS9(fi{~\i(1C"li{-1ll~ ~ llSl$ ~~\! Il)!f\! ~~~\; (unborn, uncreate, unbecome,
f<lf<I~ f<I~~ 1Cl1, f<Il~ f<lC".!~
~~C!l C<l~C\:ijJ~
~C~JI.!l<fi
~~ '~' unevolvcd) ~~e, left".!\;R\!iJ ~~ m~i{ ~tt~-~ ~~ ~9\~~
( Cosmic Principle ) m~~l5!~i{- I.!l~~\; ~ f\! ~~~f1f~ f1t~ ~mM~ <fi~~t~ I ~ ~
~lf ~t<\~~~~~ ~~~ ~60 ~~J1{, fif$fJi{ iI~, ~<fi.iI iI~, ~e, ~, ~~e,~, iS~~ ~ ilt~, Il)!t'1f~
-~~ ..•t<\1f, ')o~ 1l'G"I, (;0 ~ ~, nf\; ~, ~f§ i{~J iSe,9f~ iI~, f<I"l~i{t~ , ~ ~~1 ~~~\{3,
~R~ '~'ifi'-~~C1lf~ f<l".!fillf~
1~~1l (~~<f, ~I~I))) I C~~ ~'1 'llli{f~~.'llli{t~~-'lllt~, ~~m, ~1tDJ, ~Rtlf~lIjJ-~~·l{IJ!:~ ilJrn
~-~~~C<l~ll ~~1l; ~R ~-~~-~\i( ~>Jf'~~'1t~ I ~'ifi't1 ~~~, ~~~~, ~~c~m, ~~t~ I I.!l~C~ '~<f<t',I.!l~~ '~9\.'-
• ~~1lffu ( ~, ~111'111' ); ~R '~~tif.~'- I.!l~ C~ ~~<fi ~~e, (Material Universe)-~~1 'lllR~J
1c11; ~~ ~~1 '~~9\.J, ~9\$fJt\!!'l\!!
r-\!!t~ ~ ''!)jf;r56'i{t~- '"
~<l't~<\~2<\J~ ~~\i( ~<2I~~~ <!!'<\~
I
f<I~~:~~I5\t'ftllftl(~ ~ ~~t"l.<!!'<\:
\I ~t~1 R\;J! 1.!l1~tiff.{'\!i~t~~', ~f;l 'R~9\.' (R~9\.1 \!i!(jt'1\5l-
-~~ 8181~0 ~9flf). tiff;{ ~9\$fJ~~f~(!j>t~(9f9($fJ-l{~~~C~~${-~<1l9(~~1-
~R ~RC~1f ~~J f6"~f~J- ~~9flf)-~~e, PfR ~ ~~t~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~~ .~\{3t~~f~,
Rt~J1 R~J~t~ '5\Si1t~ort~ ~R '~~~,'-~~ C~~~~ ilJt~C"ltC<1l~~(transcendentaV,
~t<l'1<\~~t~~1 ~~lftf5 'ftl!t"t I-'fi. Itl ')'=l -'5f~C~ (~~l~ ~\!i;pi 9f~R~ ilM ),-~f~-i{tfu~ ~~-
C~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ M~J~~- .~~\!'~ ''lll~~O{'~t«!-
,\5 ~ ~60",~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ i{ 'llt5t~-~'il~, "'t'l<\~~1
I 15\~~tt~t~J1 ~~1~:
~ ~lf ~~ c21fct2: ~~~ti{ ~<\~~: ~tl{, fct~lI
1l1§.:~I~t't~
~nl~<43~ ~'~<43 ...<43 f;{
t.: ~t?fi'l-Jt,~t?fi~<I~,t'5\1
<11 ~~~-l"ltt~ I ~~ i{ ~~-~~, ')181'1
~~ = Everything; ~ ~~ 'lllR~J I ~~i '~<f<t'i{C~
,
'C~~i{~~ ~~~, QIlIi{~ftr ~~M~~C~J, C~M ~R I.!l .

f<lC".!~~C~ ~ti{~t~ (upto the finger-tips) ~ ~tc~i{'

\!t~1N o-thing, \!i~ '~iJJJI ~~~1 Clf~mt~, Jp ''lll~~~ ~1 ...
~\!i~
'lll<tS\!i~
'lll~~~~~'~C<1l ~lllitW1'~iJJ' <l~~tt~iI 1.!l1~
9jtc~ '~iJJ' 1MC"l
~ffl'{3 '~rt~1' (~~ I.!l~~rt~i) 1f"lm, ~~${ 1~Bl1,M'm' 1~i-
iltfu~ (Nihilum) ~1trn, ~~~iJJ ~ ~ilJ~ i{~t~~ ffl~tC~i{
~~fil1 9\~~ f;l~I?~-'Its secret presence eludes your pains
''lll~~'-C~ D ~C\!!! ~1, '!)j~i ~f9( ~ I ~\!il.!l1~t~t~ ltLiJJ
-f~M ~~Clf~ ~~ ~c~t15~I l~lfC1~ 1t~~ ~~J I.!lm9\C<fit-t
;R\;J ilC~,R\;J-~~, 'lll>Jf'~
~~-~~t~ >Jf'~1m i{t~, ~9\D~~
• ~f~~ ~tc~ f<f! ~fW i{i m<f, ~C1 ,\;' '~~~ ~R'6Q~' I.!l
~ ilt~-~~1 ~~, '!)j~, ~'lf'~ I tifR 1~~'·PNi, R~~~«!-
iS9\CwlC{
q~1 AA i{~<fi ~C\!~~ C9(t~~1 <fiftt~tc~i{! \!C1 ~
~ ~>Jf'~leftm, ~~ ~Rg, ~'lf'~ ~~ ~~-eternal peace,
~t~t~ ~-
-15\'l~J~ ~~~,? eternal re~t, eternal bliss' ~~t~ ~rt~ 1.!l1~AA 'lll~~ ~-~t~
~~~1t3 ~~ ~
~~- submerged in the Imperishable' *
I.!l '!ilt9(fe~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~ 9ft~t~-~1 ClfM~t~ . * <Il~ ~ mystic Silesius<llll ~ ~~ I . .
thing though I be. ",,"lI1{- am a bhssful thIng. a non-
.
~~ ~f~\; ~~
,
i{~, l~ ~~ltc<fiJ ~~9\J{ <fi~~tc~~, I.!l'f

:
 ~o&8~ ]
C~ 9f~9f~i ~~~~ ( I!/'~~~ ) ~'Sjll,ll ~~ ,~ fo;~tct~~~lftoli
, -~f.{9f~ seperated from the liked, complaining and weeping-or the
wa ter of the four great oceans ?
~~~ f~ '9(ffl~~f<lwt~~,{;WR~t{;~ Ql" ~<TiG'ff<lvrl~'i ~~
~~~ffi~~:
~~~t{;~-f.f\!iJ, ~<f, 1?>{D"f,
1?>{;sIT\!i,
I?>{~~,I?>{~, ~vrlt<Ti, I?>{f.I~-
While you were united to the disliked, separated from
\!it~tf#c~ ~\!i~ I· ~\!i~<f ~~W<f '~~~ ~f.I'66~' ~~~t~i:I ~~~1, the liked, running from birth to death, from death to birth, you
~1~t~ i:ltc~ ~<TiJ-~9(<ftlf C<Titi:l~\!i~{;\!i 9(tt~ i:l1I have shed on this long way, truly, more tears than water is
contained within the four great oceans.-:I1~~~<ft~ II, p 178
~~~ ~:~ ~~ ~mc~~~<f~t~ cm<ft~ ~'6' ~~~-
~C<t~ N~~,~ :~<t<f~ ~~~~-~~~~ ~:~~~ I t~CIf<f
~ mfO{~ R50~9fi!lSiMt\5
~tc:I1t :11~ ~
.- '~~1 ~~9{\!iti:l~;e' <t~~t{;~ :-
~~~t1f·~C'tJ wt<ftfit G'ftRrntt~, ~~tci{ ~t~ ~~~, ~t~tlf-
~tR5 f9f ~~~1,~~1 f9f~'f~1, <trtfiff9f~~~, lf~'t~ f9f ~~~~, c~t<f' ~tcl1tmt ~ c~~ ?
9f~t'if<!-~~0{ll.~·~9ft~t~1 fot ~~~, ~~f9f ~~~ 0{ G'J'ef\5~~ f9f~~~~, 'The whole world is devoured by flames, the whole world
:I1~~~O{9f~9ft'iffO{~~iIf1
~~~-HI~17'
is enshrouded in smoke, the whole world is on fire, the whole
"Birth is suffering, old age is suffering, disease is suffering, world is trembling,'-~~~'(3' fO{.,t~I, p. 133.
death is suffering, sorrow, distress, worry, hankering are We agree with the Greek chorus in Oedipus that the
suffering; to be united to the disliked is suffering; to be happiest fate for man is not to be born at all, while'the second
seperated from the liked is suffering; not to get what one best is to die-no sooner he sees the light. * * With everyone
desires is suffering. In a word the five skandhas are suffering." without exception, life is as full of pains and sorrows as ~
bramble-bush of thorns,-an undesirable thing, at best.
I?>{~e. ~"1f ~:~, ~ ~:~, c~t~ ~:~, ~~'i ~:~, f~fu;~t~
~:~, ~f~~~~{;~~ ~:~-<f~~ f<l'<rt\!i~:~ I ~~{;\!i ~~~~ ~:~,
~N~ ~~ i1~-\!it~ i{C~I
\
'What an immense quantity of pleasure, of lust of th
~~~~~~~I e
purer joys of family life, in nature and in art life offe;s I No
~i:l1I5~ ~:~ ~ i:I~, ~~, l?>{9(tt~- not e.verything !n life is suffering; it is not ~ven true, tha~
suffenng predommates therein" but in spite of suO'erl"n "
-~~ll.~~1 ~~~ flllf~15fol$l<f~-~9flf,
If'S<!~.r;~11 t t " , UI g, eXlS-
• e~ Wl:hout doubt, the world is beautiful and worthy of
bemg enJoyed,_
~~ ~~t~ ~~~ <fnm1 ~t~, 'Light of Asia'C\!i ~M~tC~i:I-
Ask of the sick, the mourners, ask of him ~~ ~<fCi{ ~:C~~ ~~~ ~~~ ClSt'S{~~ ~t~ ~ \!i~tf9t
Who tottereth on his staff, low and forlorn- f<!~ ~C~ ~~e. ~~~~~-~.:~~<f ~~ f<lt<tf<fi{~ (c~~~
'Liketh thee life'; these say, the babe is wise
Tha t weepeth being born.
~I~~) I ~ ~~\!i~ ~:~ ~~ G'f~m~<f~ ~h~ f<lDt~ <lim, ~{;<t

~~\'6'R<ftt~ CW~. tllii{;W~fit~Jflf~C<f ~. <fffi\!iC~i:I:

~C\! 9f~ ~\!J<f ~~ ~:C~ ~~e. ~~ ~~~ ~t~ ~:{;~~
~~~~I ~~<f~~- .
What do you think, 0 Monks! which may be more, the
flood of tears you have shed on this long way, running again ~ ~ ~~~1 C'et'11 '4:~t~ ~<! C\5
and again to new birth and new death, united to the disliked, • ~ ~ etf~ ~ Sir John Lubbock 'Pleasures of Life' MM~ I
•
:
 f~~~tt"l~V3 ~ <fi~1-
~~ ~~ ~~<fi~~ ~;yt~ <\~ ~~l'l! ;rtl'lt'S I ~~ ~~ <tfm~, ~M~~ ~~ C<T~<fltt<fl~ ~t~~
~t~ 'l{:~ ~~~~ iS9f'~~~ \I-'~I¢I¢~ (~>Wf), ~rn ~Cil~ (~~ ~<flI1l"t~-<fl~1 ), ~~ ~t<tt~ ~~
~<t<t~~~~- \!l<t~ ~~ --~ I
f2tl'l~~ '8{lfi\~"'~~~~ 'O{ffil'{t"'~~"l~",~-~'3(9f'~ -~~g~
<fit<fi1ft~;y~ ~~ ~~9f' ~.,'~ I
'~~~~~~ mm~11l<t~'5l~~~~ ~~ ~~~t~-~~t~ ~~~' I
~~~ <tfil~~-~~( ~ )-'f.~W1 ~~1 <fit~1 (~'1l9jW)I
~'<ft~<rt~ ~~ <fi~, \!t~ 9ft~_·~lt~ ~~1 <fi~ ~ ~t~t~ 9ft~ I
f<Wt~~C\! ~~~'" ~~<fi ~4~~ \!l <t~iI'1~~~~ il'C~ I ~~
\!l~ C~ ~~t~ (~-~tilf~) R'<ft~'€ <tJt'<Tt~-~~~~:~ I ~-fR" ~t~~~<fi ~~~ C<fiil',~t~Jtffi<fi ~~C~~ .ft~ ~9ft~ <flfilt"l'€
~~?f~~t'€~t~~~ ~rn suffering is impeded volition I ~<t~~ ~~ <fi~~ ~~ ~~ I ~t~~ W'6-~~t~~~~ ~~~'e> ~\9~tt~
9f~ ?f~ ~ ~'<!t~ 'e <lrt'<Tt~
~~ ~tf<ll! ~1' ~1'¥1~t~~ C~M~t~, ~'f1f ~~-i[~~ ~t<til1 <rti[~1C~iI'1 C~ W~'6~ ~fu, C~ ~'6.
~<t<t~
~'5l5~-~t~ ~N~~,~t<t ~' ~~ ~~~~-<flt~'1, 1.~~~<t<tt"'iI', ~fil~ .ft~~~-~~ Wi8 ~Kxt~ 'c;wr;xt'~~<Il~-~g;f~ ~t<lrn-
~~~f.I'5l5~~~ ~~~-~~ ~~J~ ~~ ~:~~ ('J.'€M~ iv, pp 1 & ~"': <Il1fM~: ~~~~-m;<t~~~: (C~t~~i!i, ~I)~) I ~-r.~t~
216 )-~~t~~~J, ~~ ~:~ I <v~t<ttt~,<ftllil't~ ~<rtC~ ~ Wi8 i[~~ ~t~~t~~-~<t~ ~Ri xttm
I have said that whatever is felt, belongs to suffering, ~~PI C<fNt~ T ~~iSf~ ~llliC~<t'lf~~ ~'€~ ~~t<t~~, i[~~ (xtt~~)
having regard to the fact that things are subject to annihi.
lation, to destruction, that pleasure in them ceases, that they
~'€~ ~~t<t~~' <t~~tt~iI' I ~ lft~ W'6, xtt~ Witj <t~i[t~.,j, <t~
are subject to cessation, to changeablness. -~R9f't~ iv 216 ~·lftlfJ I ~~C~<t~ 9f~igPlhr, <flt~.,1-<ttlf.,t~~t~ '~~c~t~~'

C~~ ~ <fl~-~~ ~:~ '5lt~~t9ft~ ~t~~, ~R~J I

(fetters), ~ra-(bonds) I

'!ft~1ft9f'tfilt"'t~R'SJt:-5il~, <'1 ~ 8 'l~~~C~~~~ ~'{j '~1,~ "'.!tfil~'1.~~

I
~~ 'l~~"f~ ~t~i ~:~t~t"'l'{
~<\ ,~ I ~ ~~~ Of ~ C~~~ ",M f9t~tf9f'c~I
-~~9f'lf
'$jtw~~: '<1i)~l'l !"' C'Sll.~~~ l~:
11-5jf~, ¢I<'<

~M "i.~( 9jfu~), PlR ~l)t~ilt", ~C<t<f'l,~R \!l~ ~:C~t~<t

fl f<f;~<T~ffrilil'1 ~~ c~tR ~~, ~~?
i[~c~t~iI'-i[~<t~'1 ~~ffr~
~ ~ ~1fI ~~1 (~~<t~,t~) I ~~ iSf~ tllliClf<t 11l<fl<fi~lt~
~~~ ~1 ~~~J{, ~ ~~J ~C~ ~ ~~~<t"if<fl~9f '? <tM~tt~il-
• ~t~~ ~til', '~~~' ~~t~~~~t~ ~~ <fl~~~ ! ~~J~ ~~ f<f?
C~~ C~~t~~J<fit~
<tM~t~~- ~~ ;rtr~ ~~~•.."'~-~~otlf I 'O{~~ Life· and suffering in the
last analysis are identical concepts.
~9f' c<1't?<R ~~ I-'~I'l
~r9f' ~:~lIf<\~fil~ 'l{:~9f'C'lf'
R:r'lf'9f'c~ ~t<\D~ :-~Ilt -!l~ <fl~1 <t'1t~ ~~$f, ~~C<ll, ~M~: 9jfisfil~~l,

"'l~ ~ <fit'ftfD~<1i
~~ '8{t<\t"i1
~:~"t<\~-'O{~<!\<\~t<\~~i ~t~K. ~~~<l('<fi M Pessimist (~:~<Wn) <l~~tc~~ I 1llliC~ ~fif
~:~9f't'Jti~RC'fi9f'<1i't~"'I' ~:~<ttfj,\!t<t ~9ff.I~'€ ~:~<t~, ~~t'(S ~:~<ttW1.'5lt~m ~i5lfltf~
~<fCi'I~ ~:~Wt I ~9ff;{~ f<f <t~~tc~~?-i5l~: ~"lf~ ~t~,-
~ .
•
:
 )0 ~~(~~~'

Ifye lay bound upon the wheel of change .

''f~ 'f~-W~-~~~Qi9f l3l'ifi(uf~fu'6' <5tt~'f~~ ~~~~~ I ~~
And no way were of breaking from the cham,
~W<13 ~iJJ ~~~C<Ti ~~~t~~ ~~mc~",-~~~t~~~ ~Mt~~ I The heart of boundless Being is a curse,
~t ~ ~~~tc~~ ~9fC"\fltf- The Soul of Things fell pain.
-Light of Asia.
~~J~ ~~~~ C4'Jt<l'~~~~ ~9ij ~~ ~~-~\!1 ~I~" I
iJJt~C~~<Ti, ~t~~J9f~~'1, ~~ ~~~'f1 Q;,€~ ~'ift~~ (C~wt~)- ~'~ ~ c>ft"t~" ~J ~ ~~~t~~fil~i59f~-
~t~ ~~,"\f-rCil~ ~~JCCfi~~ ~~-~:~~tC"\f I 'f~~t~ ~:~~~-~ f.i1Io9ftv, -t<l'f\!Pl~o{ "~<1tt~ f~
~<I-9ftllf,

~:C~~ f<fsQiC9f R~f'S ~C~ 9ftc~-~~ ~9ft~-Q;~t~., ~iJJ~ ~ ~

~:~ ~:~ ro~~:~~ Pl'lt!lt'1 ~'~ f.nl~~J
~~~O( ~~-m\!1 ~'~ ~t<I ~~t9f-~t"l !
"\f-rc~~fu 1*
~~ ~ CWCltfCCfiil1 ~., tfrtil~fiTCfi
( mystic) Jocob rCfi~ ~~: ~fti!;:-ye are not bound-~~ ~~ ~~
Boehme ~ ~~~tc~., ! Rl~"-~ f.I~~~-~~ <fi~e{~~~ .,~ 1 ~<f~the heart of
If all the mountains were books, and all the lakes ink, Being is celestial rest-~~C\!~ ~C~J Plfif ~~ '5ltc~"J
and all the trees pens, still they would not suffice to depi~t all ~~ C<fi~ f~ ~f~~ ~tC~il-~f.I R~Jt~-~9/R~"\fl
the misery.

lft-rR<ti-~.,~ C'ftC9f~~t'e~tt~~(Schopenhauer)'(3 ~ <Ti~11

~~t~, AA ~~f~te{~ .,C~
~R ~~t~ '5ltili\Pl, ~<f~Q;~tfifCfit~·
~~ ~ ~ ~t~l 'wt~~t~' 1 \!l~~" ~til/~iS~ <Ti~t~-
This holds good of the modern philosophy ofSchopenh~uer,
who , like no other European , has shewn the essence of all life to Ye are not bound; The Soul of Things is sweet;
consist in suffering, but· who has not been able to find the The Heart of Being is celestial rest ;
way and the bridge leading out of suffering. ( George Grimm' Stronger than woe is will; that which was good
Doctrine of the Buddha, p 18) Doth pass to Better-Best.
-The Light of Asia, Book viii.
't~C"\f<f
IS '5H~J~rt'~1~ C'ftc9f~~t'(3~tc~~~~ CCfi~'1
~:C~~
~~ ~~ t>ft-t~ O{t~, ~'lt~'1 ~'lf1~~~ !
<Ti~~ ~~C~." ~:~~tf~ C<!lR'9ft~'~ il1 f#C~.,-~c~ ~t~tfff~C<Ti
~ ~'t\! ~~ ~~tot, Pl~"~ "ll~~ f.{4'J~ !
pessimists (~:~~tWl)~1 t5l'f~~ ~~ il11 f<{)~Rmltft~ '5{~<{)~ ~~ lft~1~tl{ ~~~~J ~~~~'t<1 fO(:'l~~I
~~tC"\f~~tltft~"\f ~t~ ~~-~tt~~-'c~t'6i{ ~tt~ ~ ~9fr;"\f'-'9f~
C~~ "f~ 't~lf~ <l:fa'I~tc~,~~ ~~il 9ft~~ , ~-'f~~ ~~~1
f<f~c~ ~~ilt~' -~~~ QI~" ~~~ ~tc~, C~~R ~t~~ ~t~R
fe{~tt'1 ~~ ~J ~~., C'l ~~'i~ ~, ~9J:.~ ~~, ~tc~t~-<f~a'\
• '5ltc~,-c~~., c~t~ ~tt~, C~~R ~~9jt~1 ~~tt~~ ~iJJ-.&~tf'5ltc~I
~ ~ ~-~~ <TiQj't~
.~~'~ ~~ ~ 1
\!l 'f~r;~ ~~wr;<f~'5ft";!t'f<ft~~'i"-
~~ ~~1
,~~ ~~If'if~Pl~'l~11 f.l~tct~9t~~~~~~ I
* <.!l1l"9\~"I<:,,fJ91\?J .~~
~~il'litt' ~ <§l'!t '~~'li'i~ 'e ~~' ,fJ~t'-li ~'i\il ~ ~~~t4'Jl ~~~'l~~ "fi1~f\5-"9f'lf
~Dili ~-<.!l~ ~ ~ 'l'~<;j1( I ~llTt9\~ ~aril~ <.!l~"it'3i 'lM~~-:-
The principal systems of philosophy in India * * * start from the conVIC- elf ~~ Ijj~ ~~ \!l~ 9f~, \!l~ ~~ ~~ 9f~-~t~tC<Ti
tion that the world is full of suffering and that this suffering should be accounted pessimist ~:~~t1Wfift~~
~C~ ~'tif1 ~~1 t~~~ ifC~ ~ ~
for and removed.-The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy, p 140.
•
:
 ')] ~'lfm c~~l' ')I!)

~<f<f~'5l~hI, (passed to the Tusita heavens) I C'I~ ~tt<!\~l5j.,.t~f9(fs<fiCUiJtf~1l

Clf~~ ~ ~~ <fiml ~<l~ }j~~~ ~~1 ~t~tt... ~fo;<lt1f.,.
<r~~Wl:<l~
~~~ IJ...~-~~ '5l~t'il~I '~~~ '5lf.l~~ ~~ .• t1"'-lIItf ~ ~tff9tf'9t<fi1 m9J!:~l l5j~flt'lI ~~~1, I5j~W~~<!p ...
t<$l
~~~~ ~~~ '5l~t'il~-~~ f~'t ~~~ '5lR~J, ~~~~ ~~~, #\ ~~,~ 'eoettJl~ ~ ~~~ C\§~9f'l~~fil-\!l<t~~1~~ R<1'1;
~.,t'il I ~~~ '5l;rt'il? ~l:<l f<f; ~<l iSf~W1~ ~~ '5lt~ ~ .•~ '"tf1 ~ ~fil1 ~ ~~"'-'S~<I~~ I5jfo;~t~1 ~.,.~ ~~
\!j~~<t~'ftfll ~~ ~<I \!l~ '<j\;.,1 MltJ<t~'" <tMt"l-\!l~ ~~ ~t\§1
~tf.{l:~'i{~l-Survival of Man ~tR~i{ ~1? ~~t~ f~ \.!l~~ Clf'l~ 1{~'"~ ~FI-~~ ~f.l~ll5jt"'ilf <tf"lt"l., ~~<I~: ~ C'lfq~~
f~"l ~, om:~ iftV't~ #\~~~ #\~l:~~ f<t~t~ ~? ~t~l ~ffl~~J lIIiltlllF1f'(t~ ~~t~-(;'1t~ ~ cJl1,~, ~.,.t~f9ff'9c'f1 Clf<l~l 'S~~
~t<l ~' ~R R9(~ Cif~'il~-~~ ~tf~<{)I <{)~t1;l\.!l~~ ~~~tl:
_~ ~~ ~n' ~~tlf.,. <ffil1 <tMt"'''' 1'It~ 'It~ ~tO\ilf-
C\!it1mI~ ~~ -,~~ Clf<I-~ ~!{f9ffs~~ ~-'5W C~~ illl'-
~tl:"ltD'i{j fl ~~I C~ l~tW<l ~'1J9(tt9(~ ~"l-~9( ~5{ ~1l Jl1~ 'It~ ~! 'IIOltll\f9ffut'flc'Il ~tOlilf! C"'f<l~1 .,.t<.$,t<.$t~I
~<{)rn<{)ftmtt~i{- ~\!I!l<1I!l <f~1 f.lfi5~ C<I, <J.~<t iSftR~ I!l<l~<l~~'i{ C<I-
*
Jl~... ~Wf\§tO\1 ~, f.HHI~ 9ft9f<fif'lltill-~9f~ The annihilation of man by death-this doctrine goes
15j~\§~t~f.nl~~ i5t9ff5-lf~9f'f against the inner nature of man. ( Grimm, p. 5 )
( R~HI=il~~, Jl~t.~="l{-«)
C<A"l \!t~t~ ~C~, <J.~l:W<I
iSf"lrt~~ ~tRt~~_c~i)~'$
~lf CJl~f5 C9f65cJlm\§ 9ft9f<fit~i5'S~~CJlwf\§I
~lf clIt"lff5C9f65 C1It"lff5
<1l\§~<.$
...
t<.$li5'S~~C1It1ff\§
l-lf~9f~ Qf~'$ ~~t~~ ~~' I!l~ Dt~t<1l~C~~~~<ttl:W ~~ <t~t~'i{
~{t<t, 9ft9f<fit~~ ~~t.,t~ 9f~t"ltt~ ~:~ \!l~~ ~'1J<fi~l~ ~~t"1t~ -~;t~ 'Sf<f...~l{. ~~ ~l:~1( ~9(1f ) I
9j'~t.,tt<fi~~ I 1{~~ 9f1l-eDtfit'\1 ~"t~<liS,&"~ 1It~<1't~1II
-c~~l:W<l-C~~~<ItWl1l1 (spiritualists) ~t~tt~ spiri ,~1 ~'lf\!j ~~1W~~~"lfil~~ ~ <lOl'\f~~
<tt.,.t~I-~~t<l~ ...
t~l
identity <Il:a>j~,C#\~ spirit-identity ~~~ 'C#\t~~Clf<l'fe~'\.!l "~~~ ~~tlH'it~1 '~t"'<lr'it'.,~t~ ~ll ~f~ ~t~ ~~ I ~"lt<1'"t~
~t~ ,~1{0{ ~ ~~~ ~•• ~~t\!j ~~~t~ ~1I'" <ft~, CJl <lJfu;s ~"l:9J:":
~~~~1 ~<{)t~ <(iftlmt~'i{-~R Cif~'i!<ltWi~~t<l~ f<{i~t9( Ui'Jft~"~~'1 ~t~ I
~~~R<{)tt~~ ~8~ ~l:'6 ~l:wt<l~ \.!l<!liSf~
~'1 fi'1~ ~~t ~~ f<l'\ijllt.,t~ .,.~., Uitf5 ~~~ i5t9ft~fiT-lf~9f'f
_~ • '~\!jfiR Of!1{~ ~~I1it9f f<l,;e;1W ~~t<f, \§~flf"l C1I ~iJI'S ~~t'it
f9(f~~<fi~~'lC07 \.!l~f<l<l~'\VIii; ~~ I
~l" Il\tf~t<lI'
\!l~ Jlll~~~~"t~~t"'f<{ ~t~~ ~\!j~t.,. 15j00t~f9ff'9t<fi~
~ti1~ 15j<l~
~fit\!if~Ol-\!l~~ Jlll~~ ~~'1\!jl Jlt<lf~~~f<t~f\!j ~~<lto{ l5jilt~f9ff'9~ t~5fC~ ~\! ~~~t~ ~~~ ~~tfflJ 9J:.'WC<l~ 9J:.i{~("ll'eC'l~~9(
~tQtt1ll ~ Jlll'll~~9ff5 l5jilt~f9tf'9~ ~~.,. c~tt~ ~\!j ~~~1 ~~J"l '5l~~~J-
"ltfi~ ~~t" ~~t'f'lt~ :)j~~t~Qf.,. \!l~ Jl1fi'9.l~t~ \!l~<lt~ If''fil fu\§ <ttilO{
• C\§.,. c~l 9f.,.Jlllt~'" 15j00t~f9ff'9t~1~~9ff\§ ~t<ltfift<rl c~tf5 ~~ Without beginning or end, ye Bhikkhus, is this sansara
Th ere can t b d'
<It"1Jf$1t~ (fltOl:) I * * Jl1~ Pf~ 'S~, I5jW\.1f1 Jltftt~m C~Ol~O{t '. no e Iscerned a first beginning of beings who sunk .
10 Ignorance and
f9ff'9~ ~~9f~~~ f.lt'l"l"'~ C\§~9(Jl~~lI~I \!j~'1tt~ Jltftt~~ 15j~'" . . bo un db' '
y thIrst, ceaselessly transmigrating
Jlt~ ~m ~~~ ~t~ i59f~ ~ \!l<t~\!t~~ Jl~~I5j<l~l c"lff~l \'5t~tt~ D~" agatn and agatn run to a new birth.-~~9ft\!j II, p 187
lft~tott"'f"l lf~ ~~.,. I ~~t~ ~S1~'l 9f~ 15j00t~f9ffst~~C"'f~t~'<@-~tf ~ ~~;f, ~~wt~f.I\! '\!)1.~' ('fl31) ~~~~ ~
c~l ~t'4f9(f'9t<{il~~9ff5 ~~9(W~ ~t~~t~ D :)jtftt~t~, 15j~~~"5 ~t"If
~~~ \!,,~l~~~
\il<1~ 9J:.'i{Uf~llf.I~fu-
'f~~:)j C'Slfl9f~~1I~'11 ~FI\!j~ ~t~~ i5~~--t!l<t~ ~f.l I~ <fit~' I2It~ ~
•

" .-
 Through not understanding, through not penetrating t
four noble truths (6~t4r ~~J), 0 Bhikkhus, we have wander
round this long long journey-you and I.-~'<I~'ft~, ~I~oI
Hence it is this Tanha which must be completely era
cated, root and branch, during our present lifetime-if a
death we want to get out of the cycle of rebirth (stretch·
from the beginingless infinity of the past).- The Doctrine of t
Buddha. p 312
~~~ ~~ ~t~ ~~-~tJ[il1 ~~t:\!i~I!t~fu '€ .sy~"llt
11l~~ ~ilqt~1 <ltJ[ilt~~t:~~ '.s'f"l{fir~fu
. ~ '.s'f"ilt~t:~~Rt:~t$:f~
~'6':,iI ~iI~t<r&~, ~\!ifvf~ ~t~ ill ~~, \!i\!ifvfi\~~~~~-'t
chain of single personalities strupg one on to the othe
~q~ ~'fo{~~t"o:{1l~'\~
~tq~ ~i\~~~t~ 'lI(~i{'-~

111 ~~~ ~t:wc<r~ ~tt~ ~~f~~~f~~1

l1l~m9f ~N~-
His doctrine embraces three statements:
1. There is existence after death ;
2. This existence is effected by rebirth-strictly
by palingenesis ;
3. It takes place within the five realms mentioned ab
-The Doctrine of the Buddha, p 100.
11l~ 9f~~$:f ~~~~ ~ f~ T Cw<f, ~~, ilt~~, C9j'If\W
Rit~, ~~~ C~"l~, ~~tt:~, iI~~~tt:~, c~~tt:~
9f~t:~~ I ~t~t~ C~~iI ~t<lil1-~t~t~ C~~ ~t~il1·<lt~1,
C\!i~R,~~~~ ~~t~~' ~~~ I
~R ll~<ftf9f"'3l~1.~tq~ ~J~~Jt~ <ftG'\q~' I
\5 ~ \WI~f~ ''fl~~! ~~1 ~~tq-'etf~: 1I-~~1,\rl~

111 ~J[t:~ ~~\S3 ~t:~~ ~9ffilllt:~ ~9fOM ~~'1 ~Pit:<l I

~R' '5ICW ~~~ ~~~ Qf~i\: ,
~tcJ,.'~t~~~~~llfu 1l~'f111~t~, n-'f~, ~1~1'l
"1l1li\ fl 'll~i\ ~~1-\5t~~ ~~~~ ~q ,~~~ ~~'\~ iSi~,
llt~~~t~ ~t<ill( 'f~ <5lQ\"ql
"~t~ (~1fr~. en~tq~ ) '"If~~t~ ~~"

...
 ~\!iJ <fcr;, ~D'f<f-9ft~C\!iJ~t <lt~tC<1i'
Personality elements-this,
friends. is called ~9fI -'f~~'6i R~t{, II. ~, filMO\f~~
~ ~,1ttfl firtitiIf~~t'l~ ~ ~Rt\5t~O{-Master Nagasena !
( \!l ewc¥\" <lt~t~ ~t€R ~~~ ~t~1 )-~~ 't~~tt<f)
you are talking about ~'1. what means Nama and what
<f~~tc~ I ~~lft<f~ 1f~(C~ \!l~ Personality~ ~~ means Rupa, O{t~ m
<.!\~ :-What there is of coarse matter
( 9ftf"lt\!i'~') I about a creature that is ~9f-and what there is subtle, ethereal,
mental about it is OWl•• Both are inextricably connected,-O
IPersonality, when analysed, is dissolved King, there would be no rupa if there were no nama. For ~.
skandhas. (Grimm). and ~., are thus mutually dependent that they may only
~~tlf<f <ft"l~, \!l~ 9f~~C~~ ~~-<fHI ~tc~-~~9f~· originate together. Thus it happens from time immemorial.

~tc~-~~~~ ~If~<lm~(~~9f1f )-'Ol\!i<1l<l~~ttlf~ 'l~@ -l1~:I~

~ ~CIf<f C<l mind-body (fi1~~~) ~m\!i~,
(Personality) = 'Ol"it~~I ~~~ ~t~ R~<lt~ ~l% "l>Jf>J
<1i'Rl'C"l
\!i~<{c~ 'lCitf~~ ~tC<fS"
Jp 9f~~ f<\lf<\l? m9f~~, e<flf"it~, 'l~'S3t~~, 'l~~~ ~ I ~~f~it ~C"f~~tfif ~~ ~~C"l~Jtoft~ "it~<!lrnc<\i"
m9f<\lt~
f<l'S3t"i~~I m?!~ ~t~tM~~ 9ft~\.~1~<1i'1;"l~~-the rna; ffi\! R~fiI~ ""fu~ ~ftc~"i-,~t ~~ e<!ll~ ~Rt<!l1R~rt\!i
rial body composed of four chief elements ( ~~t~\!i ), t ""itt <!t~I
earthly, watery, fiery and airy (and of Akasa) With his mind thus concentrated, made completely pure
utterly clean • * he directs it to the calling up of the mentai
<\l~t~~t~tclf~ sensori um-'~"i~«iijto(tfffl~tf'1'-'1~~'e> <(Q?t~~"i
Of bod~. He calls up from this body (l;"lIf~~) another body
the six-senses machine, endowed with the five se havlDg .form m~de up of thought-stuff, having all limbs and
parts-Just as If a man were to pull out a reed from its sheath.
and the brain.
\!l~ 1;'1 elf~ (m9f-<\ltSl)
~t~ ~~If<f "L~CIf~ ~<\lt~ <tl~
11l~ ~~m <f1Mind-body~ 'Ol~ ~ ro'eI
lRO{~\).,~~ r~~~~~~~
f;{~t~~~-Il'if9fIf,
~'l~,~~
~hI ~f'i~~ "l~... <lt~tC<fS"
ether-body <l~~tt~"i-'lt~~JlfafC~
~~~ ~~It", 5.", S\.~'lfiJ 'E ~~t~, I Qllft~ ~*<f ~9t~~ ~""1
"it~ fi1~¥\"m~I ~~lft<f~ 9f~st<{tSlJp ~Clf~~ "it~ "it~<fS"t~
I 11I(,'''-111'\\l~ ~'ft~tf '~lft<\1 I J....

He distinguishes between "'tll~t~ and ~9f~t~, these t

I!ft~~ faculties-~~ (the faculties of t'
designa ting the mental and the material body-(Grimm) I f . sensa lon,
R~tt~ ~t~J~~~~ ~~ <.!\~ :-And what, monks, is .,t~~9f? o perceptton, of thought, of contact &c)-WeC<1i' 9ft~\!iJ
tion, perception, thinking, contact, attention-these ( 'Ol'<tt~ ~ soul <fCitI ~ soul ~<1i' ~ ~
faculties of sensation, of perception, of thought, of contact imm tabl ) ~ (constant and
friends, are called .,~ 1* The four chief-elements (~~t~\5)and U e I ~t'f<f ~~9f soul ~t'!i{ "it-\!i~tit 1l~ ,.t' .
an utterly and t· 1 1 1S
corporeal form that comes to be by reason of the four en lIe y foolish idea"-~R~ I 138
The Buddha calls th d ' p. I
* If the three skhandhas-c<lli'l1, ~~ and ~t~-are comprised in and immutable in the ~~gma of. t?e ego being constant
passages under the designation of~, the meaning is simply this :... ~ and entirely foolish idea". of an IndIvidual soul, "an ~tterly
~ti9ii~ and ~t~'lJ1li are the groups of those mental processes comprised U
the term ~~, because they are based on 0{1~as the respective faculty or qu
-Grimm D t'
00 ' oc nne of the Buddha. p. 147~
qf the material body as of a living entity.-Grimm, pp 77-8,
L
•
 ~~~·f.r<ftnl c~t'! ott~ <l~~~-O\t~ ~'1' 9(fi13rt~'1'(wandering
ascetic ) ~'1'<lt~'L~«<f ~ './ffi~t~~O{-c~~~! Is the I existent section 4 )-~~e, ~~-c<l"\fif1,~~-C<\"\fifl, ~~~~-~~~ c<\"Ifill
~~, ~Ar f ~Q(t~\5f.iw~~~f~~~ I <l~~t<:s~<lt~ ~ '1'fi1?:~- Is the ( 1Ifltlff.(.rn, 140th discourse), which arise in the mental
I not existent-O\t~, ~A!? ~llltf9( ~Q\t~ f.i~ '1~~' ~~~~
f~'6' ~~iI~~ c~?:~O{ I ~'19(~ ~<l~ f~~f~ ~ f~~tlfl '1'fi1t"1"l- body as the result of such contact.
o Lord! why did not the Exalted One explain himself on ~ 9fl~ ~~~-~, which 'comprises all perception
this question-\5~t~~ ~~~t?:'e~ ~~ ~'S~ Df?:~ O{j"'0{ f ~\f~
or re-cognition, whether sensuous or mental. It is
<l¥1~O{-~tO{iIf ! ~~f~ ~ ~~~ ~\Stl ~f?t ~t~ 'tM~t~ '~'-~~ ~~tiI
~~~~ ~~(O{'1''11~~\5(I had thereby sided with ascetics and re-action to sense-stimuli (What is Buddhism? ) I
•• Brahmins, who teach eternalism) I 9f~t~~ O\t~Ar ~ ~~ ~9ff.ll(Of 11I~ '~~~t'~ift1l '~~~til' I c.h ~~~~ ~~ 'ilt1l' ifC~
~l ~N'tfil~t~ ct'-~t~ ~~t"l i;clillilf-'tttif~~~~O{<t>~1 ~~'5 (I had
thereby sided with those ascetics and Brahmins who tea
-~~ ( Perception )-'~~'S31il~ ~t'S31if1{, ~R,.~~~ I
annihila tion )-~~~'&f.i<t>t~,iv p. 400 •.. f~ ~~~~~ (t~C"\f<t~m<f' ~\S,~nt~~t!:~if) ~~~ f;r~
~~~ 9fIDf if1-~ ~~ ~1l@ Personality~ ~~J ~~~~
~ ~~~ ~~ut9f<fi ~t\S,fa'l~ ~<fiffl ~~tq;tffl; '5lPltm
~~-The body and soul (~~r;"\f<t~~C<fi m9f<fit~'<3 ~Pl~ '5t'fiflI ~~ ~~~~ ~-q~!:~ ~~~~ C1"\fifl'<3 ~~'S31~'~1'
(vestiges <t1 impressions).
<\f~Hltt~e{)are phenomenal arrangement but neither is
real in the end, each is merely phenomenal.-Appear. -It includes all tendencies mental and physical, the
elements or factors in consciousness. (What is Buddhism ?)
ance and Reality, p. 307 I <fi~f ~m9f <l"1t~~iW ~J~t~
C<fi~~' i\t~<fi <ttG'lifl-~c<t ~<\~ ~if~ ~~ C<fiifT 'l){~Jt9f. f~ ~~~~~ ~~~"\f <fifim~if Mentation I
m~ f'f T
9f~ c<fflif1-~ I c<lififl-~<;fi c.h I!t~~ ~M 1lil":~ if~ I ~t~~, ~t1ltC"\f~ifPl<t't~
~~if ~~~ ~~~ ~fufc~~~~~ ~T;, ~~e, ~~ <tt~ (Mental Body) <tl~, tWlc~-Tabula Rasa-ifC~-
(external contact )-~~1 Jj> m9f·~r.fi~iW'\; ~, ~~if-'tho ~ ~fif f<tf<t~~~~~ ~11 lef1M~-~'t ~~~!:~J~1t~ift~: f~~
modes, features, characters, expressions (~<fi <fi~ ~~: • ( ~~, 81~~ ) ; 11I<\~
~lef~ :Jj~~~~ ~~~-~~1 '5lr;lef~-~~~~1.
9f~~:) arise in which the mental body (iftll<t'rn) ~~e, (~t~~J~~, ~18~) I '<3 ~~~1 (Sensation
C<t"\fif1 and
manifests itself-~~if sensation (c<lififl),perception( ~~eiil), Perception) ~ ~R\!)J '<3 ~ift~-I..!l ~~!:~ ll\!)r;~\fift~ I f<ll~Jj>
mentation <t1ideation (~~~t~ ) (Grimm p. 66), I..!l<t~
~~ ~~~'<3 ~Ri!J-~~I..!l<t ~ilt~ I

t;et3lc.~'51 ~ ~ I ~~~<t ~ tttm<fi ~-~ <tm~, ~ ~1S,~tO{~ ~~~ fl ~'1'~<$ .•<$~ att'lfi~ - ~'ll~
('~IT~t~~ = the feelings or sensations, whether pleasant, ~~ ~1S,~~1~f.iliOtf\5 ~ 9(<$.•<$t~ 9(~f5-~, ~~,~ 't~..?:~1
unpleasant or neutral (see 'What is Buddhism?'
9ft! f~ ~~~-~C~ 9fC"Jfi C<\Will,~~~ '<3 ~~~'lf-~'<3
'" f1lff!'ll'.flt~ ~ ~llif.I ~~
~-where Nagasena explains to Milinda
that what the king thinks to be his self is nothing but the unsubstantial ghost of
~ i\~-there must be reaction of the chit-~<\~l
'~"t0 (~O~~;;; ) ~
Not-self, of Anatta. (Grimm. p. 160) o 9"\'l) ~'-=I, }1}08 -I..!l~ ~~~~' f5r;'{3~ifPl 'f5~-~', ~q;~
o

..
 ~o ~fit~ [~ ~"'('lf'cf11 'io\,r;<l'~1' ~~
~ftf~t~~ \.!l~ <ut9fl~~~
ilt~ '~-~il' I f~R f<f;1-'1ft~t~-t""'l w-.y d the average man identifies his essence with the
-. , (; . t uth man
~Ca'lf5"~~ Cll~~~ <nreaction, ~~~ '~~' I five components of his personality (~SfI~). • l<f~ 10 r ,
does not consist in his personality. But this he does not re~og-
~~~ In consequence of contact between our six-senses
nise, being under the delusion that he consists of his personahty.
machine and the world of forms, odours, flavours, soundS;
(Grimm, pp. 147-8) I ~Q ~ '1Sf1-nt<f ,~"ttlfti\'-'¥~ ~M~~-
touches and ideas, there flames forth this ~~ or consciousness.
the groups of grasping I ~~~ ~~ ~t~ ~~- Take, fnend
(Grimm)
Visakha, the uninstructed man of the world-this man looks
'Apart from conditioning cause, there is no coming to upon 1191',~lfifI, ~81, ''is..~ and R~ as himself or looks upon
pass of consciousness (R~ti\) (Majjhima Nikaya, I p. 256)_ himself as possessing these or else he regards himself as being
" in short consciousness is something causally conditioned. in body, sensation, perception, mentation or consciousness
( Grimm, p. 55 ) (Majjhima Nikaya, III p. 17) I r~~
~'f~'1! 1fi~~' ~tllt~ i{r;~,
~ ~t1In i{tl, ,,~~~ ~t11 i\t~, "~'¥H'~'i!t~HI~, ~~tOl~~tlln
\.!l~Cll flamed-forth consciousness-~~1 ~~R-~fu,- ~ I ~~~ Give them up-one and all (~~foi<ft~J Ip. 141)-
t~CW<fllt~tt"<f)'f.l'~tO{:~t~'<f~~tc~i\",
C~~i\"-~~ i\"C~ I ~~~~ -.n1,~ n~~~ ~~,'"'~~~ ~AI, i\ Q{ ,'l1 ~ (~) (This
does not belong to me, this I am not, this is not my self)-
~~1 (f.l'~'{3) ~R~J (temporary) I C~1{i{ m9\~, C<fWi\"t~, ~-.n, I p. 232 I
~~~~ \S ~~,~t~~ ~R~J, \.!l~~W~-<fHlijta'l
f<I~til~\S ~R~- ~mtftf!'ftf.{ <fm1 II{lfJt~ r~~ ~M~r;~ :-Personality in
~~\.!l<1
~ilt'WI \.!l<f~
9\~~&,ij~1l@
Personality <11~~t'Wt\S ~f~ its elements, is something alz'en to our true essence. From this
.alien thing, we only need to free ourselves. _ _ e ( our real
-~~I!\<f ~il1'WI self) is something essentially different from the five groups,
f<f;~~Ci\" ~t~C'!'~~C<I-According to the Buddha, our constituting his personality, and in his real essence is not
touched by the slow perishing of the five groups. The five
essence is not exhausted by our personality (Grimm, groups follow their our laws. The five groups (~~~)
p. 48 ) I ~~J <fCl;~t1l~1~~t~'t\!ig~ Personality <11~~t'Wt1( ( :ersonality) being alien to me, I can lose it, discard it,
W1t~out myself being hurt in my real constitution. All these
~~~ ~twt'WJ
(identity) ~~il <f)~~1,'gigantic and incessant
alien things in which I see myself involved, for me are nothing
self-mystification' ~~ (~il~1lt~~1~~g), ~ ~i\"t'Wt~<v~ ~t1lt~Wil but one endless ~hain of misery.
'5Jt~1~~i\"<f)ftf; f<f;~~~~ ~ apparent Ego-~~ ~t1ltcWiI 'But t~e learned and true disciple, conversant with the
false self, our egoistic self, the fleeting personality, the noble Doctnne-:herecognises the fact that the corporal form

actor's mask through which the true man speaks. (What

(.'~)J ~nsabon ( c<llfOlm), perception (~~~~~) the activities
of the mInd (~ . "0Ih)' '
E '. -1"' ••~I>I~ , conscIousness (~~'¥~) are not the
is Buddhism ?) ~\!I!\<fI!\~9\~~~ (~~~) ~t~~ ~f\! go. (",~t'A, III p. 109-10 ).

~~ i\"C~-~~1 ~t~tClT~false self, ~il~ I ~~Jt~<f)~1l11~t~~ h It is ~ gi~antic delusion to think that my real essence
as somethmg In comm .th h
nati ty ( II{~~ 't.) on WI t e components of my perso.
<f~~t~- ~~ I .

Our true essence lies beyond (and behind) our personality Everything is Analla-not the I and d
my innermost essence _ _ All det '. oes not belong to
and its components-even beyond the world. (p. 227 ) ermlOants within us have

.-
 \Wft~ 10{1~"~1'
nothing to do with our essence, which is not subject
laws of arising and passing away. ••
I••-.r'~•~ ~
(The Doctrine of the Buddha, pages 131, 227, 299, 196, ctI-eJ111tt i{'~ ~~~f~~-)I)~
306, 312, 334 ) I
~ ~'f1'f' fwrt~ ~ I ~i{~ ~ ~tWC<t~
11l~Qf c~f~ ~f% ~t~ (Process of Negati ~Mr~~-R~,~t-{~ ~~~ ~ ~9f~~ ( ~Rm, )) )
pointing out to us wherein we do not consist), 1l(~t. ~'ftl is invisible, boundless, all-penetrating,
~~m ~q:tc<f'~9f<ttw<tt'i I ~~t~ 9f~ 'nothing more see 1l(~t. ~~-ItFi 'f ~ AA ~ ~ filw~~ (~, ~1)9) I 'It is
to
remain over wherein man may erroneously find not an entity but the Universal Principle manifesting
essence' I ~~ ~~ '~~tc~t9f' R~tlf~tm ~ Ifq as the One life'-~~ lI~t$t C<t~m ~~-f~if ~if I
~, he only cherishes the purely negative tho ( What is Buddhism r) l(f~1 CG'Itc~~, ~til)f<f;<f',
transcen-
because of rejecting everything: 'if 11l~~~, if dental~<f' ~ I!t~~ 9f~ c~~1 ~ ift~ I c~~
~, iJ C1f~ ~'6tf%' and so ought soon to come Doctrinel1I~ m~'1<f'~m~lOi9f<f'~
".•c.'fc..q'll <tM~-
the positive kernel of his own essence (Grimm) I We stand as something inscrutable beyond everything
~c~ ~-
~9f<ttwiJJtcmt • • - The Atma. our kernel, cannot be grasped at all, by
means of cognition _ _ _ The true one is therefore not to
It can only have for its object the pulling away more be discovered as an object of cognition It is tt nscendent.
more of the thick alien covering that is spread over our

- essence until that essence itself lies openly before us. (p. 151)

~ real essence~ ~~tm Ift~ ~t'il1 (true self) I

-The Doctrine of the Buddha, p p. 447-8 and 515.

~mM\!
~~ " .•c.~f.~'ll ~ ~fl~ (equation) "'if~'1
CG'I~t~ ~~ (ultra-mundane essence) I ~~t.<m +~~ =0 ~ I ~~<f'rn
= ~9f-m9f= "!~~
(Physical Body) 11l~~
iftlI = ~~r.IT~ (Mental Body) I ~~11l~
You are nothing belonging to the world. You are in
beyond the world, beyond the universe. (Grimm, p. 159 ) 1fi~ + ••titqol~ + ~ =~ I 111 ~-c~~ ~~Jf~~

~<tt~ <tfi; ~ 9f~~~ ~rn ~-f<tl~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~-~~If.-lit, ~ invisible. boundless. all-

Our essence is not subject to the laws of arising ~e~r~ting Universal Principlel1lit '~~, ~.~
( mdlVIdualised fragment )-~ .....6 1'; I ~A:.,.~
• passing away ~~~-if ~rnc~~ ~ ~9f~~ (~i, <.I) "I I!?:- ~ c.-I'll
I."I~ '\)l~l'll.-I~-
"I

~~~ ;jPlt'W~'it<ft~~
'll;!)t'itoo~<lSlf11
.•~.• ~ ~-~ I ,~ Ift'1.Qf~ 9f"I'€ <tf'1~Ir.~o{ ~=
~ttlf~ i{mt~tf! ~~ ~~$1I1-~~1fl'it Body + Soul + Spirit I ~m ~ Spirit~ 1..~<tit ~mm
,~~ "lf12l<fl"t~~t'5~ ~~t~
('!I~'5 ~1~t'lt~ C<fti{<fttG'! ~ ~-~hat is Buddhism'-l1l~ ~~ ~~ <t~~
~~t~ "\1,' 'the pure white radiance (pure _~ ~~~ ~:_
Jp ~-~M If~~~ ~~tWt<l~~~tif~-C1[~~ ~
~cn. ) of the universally diffused eternal world-soul
~t~tt~ '~J~~~' <tfil~- ,

,
,
 •

which is broken by the prism of the human body

the differentiated entities we call men'.
~ ~~ a;~ <fnm1Charlotte Woods M~mtc~i{- ~ ~Qti
I!iltlfTtN~~~"'lf~ )'
Individual consciousness ( t~tlfr;'l~
adaptation to specific purposes, by the body as an org (~~~)
action, of the flow of the universal consciousness.-The Sel c.f.rel ~Gf ~t~~~Cfi «faT I ~ fu~~il~ f~~,
I t~ Problems, p. 63
~~, ~~ f5~~ ~C~ l!l~ ~~~t~t~ C<Ril l!l<l'~ c<rt~ ~"I I
<\'t~"IJ,\'d~ ~tlfJtffi~
<\'''11 ~~R'-~~ 9fMt\!J ~Cilt CJl~~ c9ftt~ xtfu;r;<li<rt~1'f<\' CI)C~ ~tc~ il1~ fu:~~CG'lil,C'f~
immortal (?) soul ilC~,which separates man from ~~~, ~~C~11 ~t~l ~a; ~R~ I ~t~ 9fr;~~~C~ c<r~ iSfil
'it is not an entity but the Universal Principle, ~~1I ~~lf·m~-rf'e'~ mtc-r11 ~~9f~ <ruf"l. ~~ 'fCW'€l!l~
festing as the one Life; 'it lives and moves in those ~19t11 ~~ c<rt~ ~"lI ~G'I C~ C~C~ C<\'~C~ -r~~~ fflC<li
know the Self as one' - <ft~'l. ~ f~il 'f~~ ~~ <\'~~ " '«l{fJft\!I!fflft~~ "l~~ 9f~ ~C~~ ~tC<ttWC'f~ ~9f I xt~ ~iJJ
-- ~C'tli ~~~ iJJt~ ~~:{ - ~~fiI<\' 9f~Pr R~~ ~~ ~r;\! ~Cfi N~ C<\'filc~CCfit-r~c-r<f C~C"I~, ~t~ ~tc~~ 9f~9ftc~
~~til~ ( ~9fRtl~) I '~9 <${ I C'f~ttil ~iS/'€ ~"lC\!)~tc~~xttc~l ( '5ft<lt~) frt~c~
~~t~ 9f~'e f<li~~<\' 9f~~~-~@ ~\!)t'WI (Personalit 11~ I <tl'ftt"l~c~mt~~ ~ I ~C~ ~t11~<EiiC9f~tf;r I CIf~C"I
~D~\!) ~tm<\' 1
~ilt~ <\'~mC~i{~fG'l~l~t~~ iltRg<li·t:5{9f<\'t~ ~ti{ ~ c<ril <\'''It~il-~t~l! CCfi11tiSfl!Un soldat heureux
•
i{~ f;rPfttt <\'~ \! ~! ~tfiT CfiC~Cfi ~~1 'ftlf fil~~ l!l~
Lac Leman-l!l11 ~t'€~1C~~"I~ I ~~J ~t'€~l! l!lC\!)~tc~~
~t~"l COlr;~ OIl, <\'~~N~'l~tc~ iSiCG'I'eC~ I

• ~ff1l' c<r ~tr;~a; <l't'f Cfi~~"It~, c~~tti{ l!lCfif?M

"l~ CDt~1-
91111
~i{ ~~ ~tfar"t11 c-r~ l!lC"lill l!l"~1iSft~C\!),<rtr;~ <lC"l,
~ I ~r;'f c~ I ~ -rm ~~~ I \!)ttlf~'fCW~tfiT c<rCI) ~t"lt9f
~~~ I ~1 ~il c<r ~'f"lt~ iSf~~ ~~ l!lCfi'l~t~ ~9f~
~'€~~ ~ l!l~"l l!lC=-= ~
f.filfC11 -11.",,'"1 I 9f~11'f-1'C<\'~tt\!) f~ C"ICCfi~
~ Clf~ ~til<li~~ ~ 'l.<lCfi
C<l~tr;~ilI ~CIf~ 'l<t ~C~
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~~ ~11 <l't~ ~t"l~ ~~11 Cfit~~~C"llClf~~, l!l~il 'l~~
•
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~ •• ~'" 1{f'tl ~ (Max Muller) <u<\~t"?l

~"?IC~

'6{tfw-~~Jf9f~-~ 1ft I ~ ~ \!l~ 9flf~ ~~J C<fiR'e~tf&-~D~ cwt'!~l

~ ; ~ ~t\! elf ~'lt~ <fi~ ~ ~ ~tc~ ~~ i.!l~ <\~~
'!Sl~C~"?!
~~te~ ~'3:C~ ~~t~ ~~"?!~ I 1N, ~~D;j, ~ ~ I ffl f.ffQ Of~ ;r~~ 'e f<ti~~ ~rr~ <f'C"?I
~f9f, ~~"?!fi;f9t C~C<f ~ ~9ft'lft~ ~Mt~ <fl'C"?Ie~, ~$ Of~ ~ elf '.-rf!' '8Ic( '!Slt1fJ-~"?! ~~t~ f<l"?l"f~~ I ~<tl$
9J..~-~"We~"?I ~~ltf~ C~~~9fl!i ~~t"?! <f'C"?! ~~~t~ "?!D~l~ ~. ~ ~~$ 9fftl~~ ~ I C<fC'lf "~ro~~" (''5ft* ~"1"
f<li~ ~~~~ \5l~c~"?!'!Sl~~t"?lCS'If<1l
'e"?l c<1ifi~ c~ 9ftc"?!~1; ~Jlf){l1 Q~ <f~ ~ '5ftc~ I ~"?Itc~('~fu~t~-<ftc~~" ( Airyana
~~R ~"?IC~ ~~ \5t~~~f1c~
;j~~ '5ftC"1tC<f"?l ~t~ C~<ll I ~"1OU- Vaejo =~'1t~ <ft~: ) <1l~$ \!l~";{'e ~t~-<\tD<f \5lC~~ ~D~~ I
\5t~-f1'~~"?1 ;rt~tc~lJ ~t~l ~t~c~9ftRf C<f ~t~ ;r~~ ~~e"?!tt ~9f~ m~~ (&l~ 'Iftc"?l~'e~; ~~C~ Darius) M"ll-
?;{rt<ft~"?IlC<f-;r1 st~t~ <1l~t:qMl <\'C"1
i.!lM~t"?l\5lC~~~l '!Sl~C-t"?l fi'If~ ~ "ariya cithra" Xf'W 9ft'(3~1 <ft~, ~t"?I '5f( '5fm~Xf I
c;r~fi'1 \5l([~1-'1~ i.!l<f ~"1-\5t~1 c~c~ ~~9f:l: I ~tf'lf s~~ 'Oll~~-t~ aire ~tc~ master \!l<\'~'5f~RfXf ~9f<f~t"?l Eremon
~t~ ~~1 <\"1~,~~C"?I~ C<\~tf.l~ ~~t~ ~~~ (Thomas You ~ ~ 0ffifCfi ~~J~C~~ ~c~ii;;rt~ C~~ <ft~ I '5ftC.(R~R 'Ari'

)b')~ mc"! ~tC'lf"?l ~t~ fflC~~C"1~ ~e~l-~~c"?It9ft~~ ( In ~ ~(m~l ~~~ I ~~;r:q ~ C~r;<f ~ ~ C<f (''5ft~J''
European) I ~tllt~ st~tf<f~ ~t9f,C"?It~,(Klaproth) ) ~ ~<\"f \Sf~-<ftD~cwt~~l <ft'\ffVfr;~'€'5fiJJ\5l( ~"f, i.!l<f~ f<l~J{
;rtc"! ~tc~"?I ;rij{C~ '~c~-C~~' (Indo-German) Xf~ Oft.. <!t~t~~ ~~ ~'em ~C~C~ I C"f)f<li<f9fRf\5t~t~~PtC'W"?I
~C"?I~ I i.!l ~t~l \5lt"?l'e~~~~fi'1 ~t~ i.!l~ '5ftf'lf '!Slt~J-S~"?I ~(~ ~'~ 9f~C~; :1:< ~C"?It~,~C~j-~~c"?It~t-! <rl ~Ciij'j-C~

~l)~~ \5ltc~<f~1 ~C~-C<f"'l~~ (Indo-Celtic), <f1W~~(Japhe 'ftlf"?I~"?I ~~ <\J<\~ ~ ~'C~, <\"?I~

~tC'If"?lXft~-f~c~ ~t~

~t~ ~~JtfVfI f<tl~ i.!l-;r<\ ~tc~"?! ~C~ c~t~'e$~~ f<l~c ~;rtc~ I!f~'e" ~'c~ ~e~-'5ft~ <\"1e~ ;rt~t~C'1~~ <f(~ st"?l~<\t~
~~1 'e <ft~t~ C~~ m~ ~t~"1~ ( Giles ) ~"1-st~"?I~t~ ~. ~~ I f~ i.!l ~<\C".1i~~1 ~t~J ltfC'W"?I
<fJt9f<f'5f~~ ~~'1

~~~ ltf~ ~tf1~t"?l <.f"?IC"!~ >11: f<lC"?It~(Wiros) I f<lfs~ em I '5ft~-~ <\~ ~<f-\5lfil~t~Xf ~C~j-~~c"?It9ft~ st~~

i.!l~ XfC'W"?I
C<f-~:q<\~-t~"?I\5ltc~, c;r~~ ~'3:~-<\tD~,<f~-;r~",'! lpI-lItl-~ I '5ft~J-~t~ <f~ ~~-c;r~ \5ltfVf-\5lt~-\Sf~' <fit"?I'1
<!tllflf '
( <fr"?l~) Virah ; "11~~ Vir; ~tD');{ ~~C"?l~ C<\"?I
Wer; ~~ C<f c~t~~ ~t~ f~"f i.!l~. ~tC'If"?l
~t~'€ C<f I.!\~, ~
~~ ~tf~~ '5f~~~ ~r;<f ~1 I
\5lt~RfXffir; ~c( ~t~"l~ <\"lC~
~~f<lC"?!t~ Dt~-i.!l~'If"f C"1t<1l"
s~ ~~c"?It9f'e i.!l~t"?l f1~~ C'lfCXf
-tt~l-~ltft~t~ ~~~ 9fC~~ I ~~~ ~~ i.!l~-\5lt~JC'If"?l~tffl <\t;r~fir' C<tlt~t~? c;r ~l!t~
Jf1lt~ ~ir<ft"?l~c~ C'If~l~<f st~l-'f1~tt~~ ~t~C<rr~'If"?l ;r~".1i
'" ~tfrt-~tt~ ~-¥jqf ,,-fJ ~~, ~if ~9f ~i\m ~~ CoI~ I ~ AAII :. ~~ ~~~ <f~1 C<f~ 9ftc"?lI \5lt~JC'\f~'5ftfW st~l ~~ ~C~
, \!j1if ~,"lllWfif Ofll''l m~~-~ ~'Ii~ ~~ ~9\ <rn'Il~ifl ~ I f.I-li~
• ~ ~ ~C~~ ~"f~~ ~~-f<l~~ ~9ft~fif~ ~'C~ ~~9f
'i'i~ ~'U'~'Ii~~\!i ~ ~~'l'l~ ~ <!l~~ \!i1i1"l-(5~ 00 9\t~t<fil 'It'(
• L. de la Vallee p .
ifRlfliI"-et<l ~m Clf~m I oussm Indo-Europiens et Indo-Iraniens.
~ \.!lfltf~t~
~t~l ~t~t~ \.!l~~'9 IftD~~ ~'C~C~ I 'l~'l~ ~t~,
mater, Celtic mathir, Teutonic muotar, Lithuanian 111
8la VODIC. b"eza or bereza;
J.
Celtic biork; '!~~ <f<!; yava;
•

Lithuanian Javai; Greek Zeiai I \.!l~i ~"'i ( wIllow )

Armenian mair-\.!l<fl~ \5TC~
\.!l~~~ ~t~~ C<f-~~ -l<w~'
~ ...( beech) \.!l"l:!.( Elm) C'1~ ( Ii me) ~~tN ~t~-cwcxt~
~C~~ ~~J \.!l<fl~~R~~ '!t~xjJ ~tc~, ~t~ 9/fu~~1 ~C~ .
~ ~fJJ.$ ~-9ft'1t~ ~ 9ft'e~l <rrnI
~~r<t'& 9/~ '5ftN \5Tt~J-~t~t~C<t'~'9 ~t~-~C~ C~C<lli:5~9J:{I
\.!l~t1f ~~1-~<fl ~-~j;tuf CW~ <!t<flc<fR. c<lii~ 9f~
~-rn C<P~ 'Sftc~ ~1, f<fl~ ~i:5c~t9f~ \.!If-l~~~C~<fl~~ ~t<ll
~Wfl ~ ~ I ~~~ ~~ \.!l~tCi{~~ <ll~C"I~1ft~9(tw
<fl'C~<fl~<P~~"';i~ti{<fl~1~~ C<flR,C<Pt~~<w ~tnT ~t~
~ ~ ~ I C\Si1?t~'!~'l~ ~t~ '?;j~; Lithuanian Avis;
~j;~~ ~"l I \.!l~ ~<fl~ ~"l ~<w \.!l~C<!ift9ft'9~1<ft~C<f~1'
Greek Dis, Latin Ouis; Slavonic Avinu; c5ftw~ 'f~'l~
~~ ~~ C<f~t~~1 Clfltt~~:m~ ~~~ 9/~t~ ~c~ ~C~<flfw;{
ift1f c,fj:; Greek Bous; Latin Bos; 'f~'l~ i{~ ~".f ;
C'<lti1?t~
\.!l<flT;1
c~tl15f~~ ~Clij<!'!<!t'!<flC~~"lI
Latin Equos; Greck hippos; ~~~ 'f~~~ ~~ ~; Latin
~ro'f.PftC'!~ ~TC~~<fl ~-Rc~ltf <fi~t~ ~C~ C~~
Canis; Greek kyon; ~t1f ~~ 'f~~" ~<fl~:; Latin Sus ;
~t~~ N<fl fWc~ C'f-~'iCf~~ <fl~~~ ~<!~'19ft'9~l <ft~I 1ft
Greek hus I <rt~ Pf~~~ '5tRft 'l~~ $t~ ~t'1 9ft'e~1<fro
~t~~l C~~ C<f~<!'!'&<!~:'5ft~K~~'l~C(!f~'lC?'f9/~j;~ ~'1 ~1,
~1, i!~ ~<flC~ <!t~'9 ~"'<fl ~ '!'&<!~: '5tt~J Oicxt ~'1 I C~<R~
~tt~~ ~lft~ '!~C(!f~ ~~~<w f<fi~ 9/t'9~1 <ft~ ~1 I '1t~~
~~~ 'f~~ "lt~ ~<fl; Greek Lykos; Latin Lupus;
~~ ,!~(!f,f<ll~ Ji> 9f~&~ 1ft~lC{<W
lC{C<W~ ~iJJtiJ]\St~~ <fi' 9/t'9~i
Slavonic Vluku; ~t~~~ 'f~~ ~~ ~JJfi; .Greek Arktos;
~t~ ~~ ~'1t~fil' <!1~'1 I * Celtic Artos; Latin U rsus; Armenian Arj I
~t~l C<f~CX'(<!t'!<fl~~,C'l~tt~ <!~C~~ ~Clij Ift~~~:
9f~~ ~ 'fC?'f 9ft~~ <t'~ ~Ci{9fC~I '5t~1 ~~~ 9ftm
~~ ~'1 t-ift~, <!'!~ '9 t1t')"I! I ~f~$l ~t<{t~\.!l~~i{ ~~~ ~~
~~ ~~ ~"l-1tt~'l ~ 9ft~~t'f I 'f~'f~ ~~'l; Latin
~"l~1 <fi'C~ C<!X'(
'lt~ ~~C~ 9ft'9~i <ft~I <f~1:-'!~'l~ (
Apser; German Gaus; Slavonic Gosi; ;r~~~~t~; Latin
hima, C~~~ hemanta) ~<fl Kheimon; "lt~~ Hie
Anas; Slavonic Oty; Lithuanian antis-\.!l~ 'l<!lC{c~
~t<!Zima; *
~ciffi-~i:5c~t~~ Gheyem ; ~1 ~ti1?lhimazima
~ ~~ I \.!l~~i ~5f'1 9ftm~ i:5C$:f~
9ft'e~1<rrnI
'?;j~ ~<{t~-'.!l~ C~C<fl
~f!>9(l{~~ C<fift~<fltC'1~t~J CWClC{
<!~<r
I.!l~ ~<! ~t9: f<lm~ ~Ni9(i{ ~C~C~ C<f\5Tt~HWC~
~
'!~'l~ <!'!~ Vasanta; ~<!... Vasna; ~~r9T Vanhar;
~~ ~'" ~, C<!ift~'9 ~~1 ~1, <ti~'1~i' ~1 ~'C"I \.!l~ ~ ~~_
Ver ; &t~ ear; ~Ciffi-~i:5c~t9ft~t~
Wesr; '!~'l~ ~~ (
'ftiIl q-lJftt"lrnt~ ~<fl1 'f~ ~ i{11 R~<{,,: ~ ...~~ ~C$:f~
haras ; ~tc~on~ yer; '1t~i{ Aestas ; &t~ Theros I
~t~9(~ 5ft~-9ft'1t~~C~J<fl~<fl~~~tc~ f<I~$l ~r~ro C<flC( ~i! ~ljtt~ ~~ 'f~~ ~~c~I ~~'?l;rtc~<t OO~~~ C<f
9(t~~l <ft~I C<f~i{'!~'l~ Bhurja ~~; Lithuanian berz I.!l~ ~ ~~~ \.!l~ f.I~ ~~ ~~J~ ~t<!~-i5{~~ ~fiCt~t~

* Cambridge History of India, vol. I, ch. 3. ~~~h ~~ ... ~5[ (Konigsberg) C~C<P i5ft~ ~'U1', <ffff
t Carnoy-Les Indo-Europeens
~film~ '"( Crimea) r.,,,,~nrCll "If"llll ~~,~ ( Asia Mino~ )
•
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'f'Ii11 .• if1lft~ ifi, \!itt<f' 1.!l<fl~tiI'l~~t~ ~~tfa;<flt~ ~C~1 ~Cil ~~ ,

~itfit.•tSl ~~c~
~~~ 'e tr;-~¥t~~ d1~
1tf11t~ llf~"!,
~9ft~
\!l~ ~~#[~ ~tll~
~t~t~ilPl~~
~~t~ I
~t~t~,
~~
I.!j~ ~~
\!it~ if~, I.!l~
'f~t<Ti Rt~ ~r~~t~h1t'l ~\!i~ ~t~Pr ~~, ~~ \!it~ ~~I~ ~tSl ~~~ ~~~ m ~R3~t9filt~ ffitif~ ~Ci{<Ti~tf.l~t~J
f<Ti~<lI;r~~
~~ Cil~ I I.!l~ m9f~~t~t"1t~ ~K~J C~~ #[<lm~ ~ {t~ llW, ~1.~t~J<fi c~t~-~c~tt~ \!it~ ~~~~~ <J'f"1tt\!i~tt'f j

I.!l<l~~~~, C#f ~t~ Cl!t~'t1-ilt~'f I.!l'f ~t"11f<Ti~ -tfu. I •. 1.!l<J~

\!t~ 00"1 ~~ C~~i{ ~~t~t~~t~t<tl R~f&\!i ~t~, C\!i~fif
~f<f\!i1 C"1t~if.ifi, ~~ 9ft~if, ilt~l ca;~1 9f~1 f~~~~ ~t~ ~tt~i{ i!itc~ 9ffil<l~ '<lCl;I
~·tlft~lltt(!i~
~~1 ~fW~tt<li{ C~ ~t<lJ~DilHt i9ftiJJ ~~ ~~1, f-t~l Wt~1, #[t \q9f~~ ~9ft~t~ ~t"11 ~i{1 ~t\!i 9ft~ ill, f<fl~ \!ll;1f.l~
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Quantitative Economics--!l~ "<1l~ ~~ <fi~I f<lcwc-t ~".t-
~, <ttf't~. fitsr, ~iSt1{/~ ~tfil>~, ~<ll{'t1 ~~~ cil #lC~ 1{C~J
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(Indian Statistical
~taIf~I
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Institute) Statistical Colloquium.!!

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st'itc~i{ I ~~ i{t~
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"Ecole d'Application du Centre du Preparation aux
~ I ~~O{& ~'~ l.!\~ ~~~tCi{~ ~~C~~$ ~~ ~C~'tt~
Affaires" ( f<l<r~~1f~~t~ ~~ <ll'1r;O{
fit'Jtit~ ~~'0R) I ~I§~
1>t~,-~~~ C<1ifCf<ll~~ (centralisation); N~~&~'C~
~ f<lwMt~~ Graduate School of Business Administration
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of instruction sca; It '5l~~ fits!" <ltf~~J~ Cifi{m <lJt?f~ C~t<f'
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~O{tr;~ \St~~ ~~~J1 ~fif~~ (Indian Statistical Instit I!tf! ~ ~~ 80 0 ~ca;; ~t~ O{t~J m<fiS'ii{ O{t<:!i~'itSi{tc~
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~~<1it~ filc~ ~ ~'l\~ (League of Nations).,~ ~t<II ~ ~Monthly List of Selected
Articles~ "f~ ~ ~ 'Oif~" 'lj{~f\51l ~'ltil 9ft'll' ~~ em! ~~~ I -
O{tt~<ltf~ ~fit~\5 ~~'J~ ~'C~ \5ttif~ l.!\<fi~f<t~t~firf
t ~ ~ ~'.,
.,-s0{ ~ ~ ~~ (London School of Economics) O{~O{
~ O{tt~~ ~9f1 ~~ I AA'tl 9ffui<lltc\5~<1itfit~ ~c~tiS'i~ ~ Department of Business Adm~nist~ation (fi1~ ~ ~ ~ ~N)
12t<fm ~~ l.!\t\5'5{tt~, l.!\~ ~O{C~~CiJJ "Bibliographic I" ~ I "'~~ l!l~ <!t1lf1 ~~ ~'t~~ I

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I!t~ C-l~t~ CD~ <fi~1~ I 9fJtR1r;J{~c~r;"'m ~",~~~fi'I. ~~fil (Financial Statistics) Clfm9f<{W'"~llfJ9J:.9~~ ~t~
~ ; \!it~ ~~tr;il; ~~r;~t~ (deductive) I!t~ I ~t~Clf~ ('ft1fP.re Of~f.l1 ~ifl"'t~ elf ~r\!i9J.~{;~ "lft~ Cllutil"~ ~{;i)]

<fir;",c;~ ~~1 c~t~ ~1p1 -.!l~~~tr;\!i <fi"'~ ~tt'5'(~ ~T~~ (reparation payments) ~\!i ~~ ~<l~'1 "If~<fit~~'c;~c;~I ~t~t~
~t~~ <fiR1lf~il"c~{;"'~1 c~tt~~ ~ll!~, ~ll~ 9f{;~ ~ll~, -l m 1Ir;il;~'~ C~ ~i)] <{Jt9ft{;~~1fM~1C~llil"9ft<titc;9ft'6' ~tr;<{ <fitur
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~J{~til" ~~ ~~~ J{,~~ ~t{;\!i<fi"I{;~ <fitc;Uf"'t'5'ftil"~~ I Census of Production Act (~~9ft"lfi{ ~~t~ '1~C;~ ~t~il")
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~~ ~~ ~<fiffl ~Rll C'f~.."'~ ~ffl ~~ 9ft~ til" I ~$ ~~"J1t~ ~tf~ ~'~~~ I I.!l<fiUj~r;~ Management Research
~tft~ J{fil~~ Bureau ~1 ~~ll'tt'5'(t~ I ~~ Bureau~ "case- Group\!!11 (~«~<fi~ 9fR1l)t"'il"t~~<(«'11 '1~) 1!tQ{11 <fir;~<1lffl
. /

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<{J~~m ~tt~ ~tm <fit~ C~C;<fi~ <11'9ft~~1 ~rn ~t~ f.I~ ~JCl~~~ :Jj~C;~~~~\!i1 9j1l~C;~ ~t"lftil"~il" <fi{;1lil"
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c~t\!i: ~t{;<{J{~~ ~'{;~r;~<{'{;"l ~(-n~~
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 _There is a group of men, a group containing
~t t modern scientists, who have deliberately
he grea es
oft t' ony to the reality of supernormal pheno-
tb el'r Morgan,
tes 1m
Crookes, Zollner, Lombroso,
,
Morse1h,
,De 'on W James and Lodge are perhaps the
Flammart,· ,
The Supernormal-A critical introduction to " . t of international renown, who have devoted a
8C1entlss " 1
Science by C. B, Bernard (London, Rider & Co, Pa rtion of their time to pa bent expenmenta
'derab 1e po
House, E. C.) , tion of psychic phenomena ; and they have all staked
iga t' on the existence of facts unknown to the
reputa lOn
Supernormal ~Glj ~ ~~? Supernormal=~ oX sciences. (p. 11)
'6l~ (abnormal) OIl{ I It does not imply a ~ Jt ~ ~llt'1-~ ~tr<l' 1j~ ~ ~1f\!l <l'noo ~
than that the phenomena in question are highly unus lllT f.lcfroT ~mlf <ffl~m t!\<l~ ~nt CD~ ~<I' ~ 1jt~~~
take place under conditions and through agencies I! ~llf~ &t~9\fi~-~ij~ ~<l't"t<l'f~~tt~-This book inter-
nature we are ignorant. (Bernard) I t!\Rst ~~~ ~Jlt~ Ithe facts of Psychical Research in the light of Moder~
~ ~~ I '6l\!lt!\~t!\~ 15{~ (supernatural) ~ 'ence and Philosophy •• While critical, the treatment ~s
~-(No fact can be outside nature'-~ m Oft I _ther sceptical nor materialist. The reality of pSychlC
~~~ ,~ ~<l't<t' ~ <m~ <1~(~(~<1 No scientist can omena is conclusively demonstrated and incidentally an
the existence of supernatural phenomena or any c original theory _ • is proffered.
the laws of nature I 8M' <f1lf1 ! m ~~ ~~ ~ ~~f~~ t!\~ theory~ ~ 1j~~ ISttf ~ ~ I
~t", C<l~<f ~ ~o1lr."1I~T ~-«l'~ c<lfti{~1m _1!lWt: f.I~'\ ~, ~ ~~<I'-phenomena observe <fflt\!l,
C~? t!\~ PlR 1j\!~, ~ ~ attitude ~'Sm ~, &lets ,,~~ ~ lI~ <fflt\!l;~ ~~; m~~~
~
<fflt\!l Wl~,
~~, 15iWf'1-~~~ 0Il{, ~~'ll If our object is to ~ cf't~~,~R1<l't~~-~~ <l~ ~li(1~~_C~!! lIt'l! lIt<l~' I
comprehend intellectually whatever may be true, then ~ is no exception-~f.I'S (fQt'SfiI' ~'l ~DJ-~ Jt ~1
follow the same methods that we follow in any exact ~ ~~ ~ I f~~ ~? t!\ QI I!t~mllf~ ~~ !
we must examine critically and we must devise ex \!l ~ C~ ,,~ <Ut~ (supernormal phenomena)'6l~tW5
~~~
to test our hypotheses. (Bernard) _, ~ ~<f1 t!\~ :-~~,il~ (Hypnotism), Multiple
~&tm ~t~ ~ t!\~ ~ ~ ~f.I-~ ~ ,,~ Personality ( <1J~1!~)' Telekinesis ( "~~'(3), Materialization
'$1m ~9ffi~ <lTt~ I m t!\~~ '6ltf.1,~ ~.$i> QIft-f (~), Ideoplasticity (~~), Telepathy (1St<ll\~~'\),
f<I&lo1~~t~ ~1lf1T~ ~~~lfl1<"1,
~ ~ ~~~ C<l~ \Sf: Precognition (~). Psychometry ( ~~ ) ~ Clair-
Bouillard) ~~ ~ ~If ••r<l'(<l' ~ ~<t' (ventri oyance( ~1 ~, Wu ~~ ) I .
cheat) <tfGffif~ ~ ~~tt<rtlf ~ ~ I When ~~ Hypnotism, Telepathy, Psychometry, Clalrvoyance,
vention was first demonstrated at the Academie des Pncognition (Prevision), Apport (the sudden appearance of
in Paris, the worthy Dr Bouillard rose angrily and d an object from no.where-c~ ~ ~ Passage of matter
the demonstrator as aventriloquising cheat I ugh matter ~~), Materialisation ~ Dematerialisation,
<Utm 1f~ t!\~~ ~~ t!\~~ ~~ attitude, Telekinesis ,,"9\ffl ~~~ ~'\<f ~ ~~ <l'f~ I
lIN ~ ~ <rtcf~ t!\~ 'The Supernormal' ~.~ ~ ~ ~ t!\~ QI, ~ ~ ~ ~~ 'el~&~1 ~-~

~I*if~<?t a priorz' ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~I ~~~,~,

~"fo{, ~m1 ~~ ~ <Utm (supernormal phe , ~, ~ ~ QI~~ ~~ ~'Sf1-~~ cm.~~~ <Ut~
WI, ~~ ~ 1j~ ~~ ~~ ~<1ellr;;<l' ~ ~~ ~lr
~ ~ ~ ~~, \St: <rt{~~ ~~ ~~ ~'f1 '<Id a heart (pulse normally 75) and breathed, moved,
~~~ ~~~ ~Mt~ c<r't l"Ii<rt1. I \!l~ ~~~~ ~'Plftlm ~ ~-..r and apparently had her own recognisable character
~~ ~~ ~~ ~-~1l~ \!l f~ t;'l~
~tbol1 -nIOnality,
~ I m \!l~ \!l~ <f'~~ ~'l1 <lifil~ ~ I ~~ r--
At a sea
nce at Hackney, Katie appeared for about two
~ <tJtm ~ ~~ ~-~ <ffiT~, ~ theorise lking about the room and conversing with those
\!l'tfo{
f~ ~ Fourth Demension ~, <:5{~~'Qrcn, ~ .• wa
't Crookes asked and obtame 'd" permission t 0 cIasp h.er
fM ~ 15~ <:5{AA~Q{ 1)~f ~-~~~~ ~ ~~~ct1 ' and thus verify the fact that she was as ma tena l
bill a1'IJ1S
m \!l C~ ~ ~ Clrt~~~ <tM,-Q{ ~ctt~ ~~~ . g as :Miss Cook herself.
D
1l~ l{t~ <:5{~ ~!l -t~-~ (<:5{lfJt~~~ ~ ~ bei 1Ittl1~ ~ \!l<f'f.l~~~('<l' ~ <:5{lfJt~ fuD Villa CarmenlJl ~
normal Faculties in Man <f~~) ~'ft"t~'R <ffiT~ -.fi~", ~ f.ffil'~ <li1l~~~ ~ I
<:5{fm~ ~C~ ~ ~-~ Clrt~~ ~\5 \St: <rt'f~ Fairly good light. A white spot on the floor grows
'1(.~I~'eI(.<l~ OU~<mi \!l~~~~~'tt411 ~ ~Ntfct<fi~ 'dly and two horns protude from the mass. The mass dis-
~~ Of!~'llnT, ~R \!l~ 1j<fi"l~"l ~~ ~ ~~ ~gates into particles, taking on the semblen~e of a .hand
<Ii~ 9fmA ilt~ I •• This hand moves j it raises and lowers itself hke a
\St:~ ~"tt ~ Of!-~ ~~ ~ ~tc<Ii E ad. Marthe's hands are held by me and are quite motionless.
<t~, '5t~ ~ ~m <Ii~O{Of!I ~f.I <lCQlO{-Inspite !be band rests on my knee and I feel the slight friction of a
Rochas' experiments it remains highly improbable tba 1lodyof little resistence. The hand then rises of itself, swaying
is an etheric body I <:5{~D ~R Ectoplasm 1{tt;0{0{ I on a long stem that connects it with the floor; it falls back
f<f? \!l~ ~ <fM-llit~ ~f-(which is able spontan on the floor with a slight noise. * • The hand then rises,
move, grow, assume various forms and retreat back' bends and moves towards me * * The hand rests on my knee
medium's body, from which it disengaged itself du ' again. I feel its weight very light; it makes little movements
trance'l \!l~ Ectoplasm ~~ <rtc(~ ~-The ecto at my request that I can feel quite well • • It then falls to
eminently amenable to de-materialisation as well the ground with a slight noise, rises from it, and suddenly
materialisation I <flc(~'Survival of Man'\S l{tco{o{ .,11 ~ -ppears at the moment that Marthe gets up.-Richet's
(~-~~=C$, Departed Spirit) 9f~C"ltC<{i ~ ~~ 'l'birty Years.of Psychic Research, p: 521.
~m ~~ ~ ilO{I ~R ~O{- Whenever we fix out Ectoplasm \S Ideo-plasticity-~ ~~ "5(flJt1>f<{i
~t~ \!l~
on some alleged phenomenon, such as ghost, we find on ~ ~ ~~ <m~ '15~1 <W.~, ~~ ~ C5~ ~ ~t~
ing it-not that the alleged facts are unfounded ( ~ ~ ~ ~ O{11 ffl lJI~ <:5{flrt9f<f'
~cf~ <IN lli~
sceptical friends averred), but that such facts, although (Materialist) ~ <lim~, ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ I AA
trable up to the hilt, never prove survival, ( p. 191 ). ~ ~ I ~~ <tC"!
f~1 ~~ <ntm ~-Thought
~~~ C~ ~t'll~-9fftI~~ <lJt9ft~~ ~tt" C'l"t lIecretedby the brain-~W'3 ~~ f9fiaR:~ ~~,~
QB1i9f ~
~m I AA ~~§tf.rf,
~ ~~ I ~ ~M~ fl'\, 'a{ ~ f.l:~'1~-~{~ ~ ~ ,,~-
~~~ ~"fl' ~~t"l~ ~ f5f.i ~~~ flfC~o{f<RC9f? . The bOdy is the instrument of the soul, in particular the
n~ ~~~ f~~ ~'ll1 fM <l~~ flfif'll1iltOfI'f1l is the instrument which is used by the mind. It is not
<m~0{, ~11 ~ ~ f~~(Katie King) O{t1[-fltfi!9t lJICf .lbachine which creates mental phenomena but the machine
~<l~~~"l\!l<t~~~~ ~~88 ~ ~~ .•. is driven by psychological forces. ( p. 104)
c<fW~~ ~ ~\!l~ ~t'SI'J\!l~- • ~ ~-Subconscious thought bears no kind of quanti-
Katie King was a perfect model of a human e relationship with cerebral development; the examples
of the calculating boy and the musical prodigy as consisting of pure thought I \!l~~~ ~~ ~M
clear. <\. f1i: 'ltcf11S ~~~1l: ~ ~~ • ~~~m-
~mC~ ~~~ ~O{<f ~, \!l ~~ ~~ ~ 'ltcftis ~ ~: ~o longer appears as an accidental intruder into the
Finally however, there are certain medical cases w ~ matter; we are beginning to suspect that we ought
that conscious psychic life may proceed normally, hail it as the creator and governor of the realm of
portions of the brain which are usually considered t))er to t of course our individual minds, but the mind in
ttef_no
have been removed, or are completely septic. Bergson toms out of which our individual minds have grown
bicbtea b ~ ~~
of aphasia led him to deny that memories were . as thoughts I \!lott"! ~~~ ~1 (~1@f' ~, Q1~ ~I,"~l~
the brain, as physical traces or (lneurograms'; and ~, ~ exalted state of supertrance\!l~ ~~Il ~~ <I'~OfIS ~~'S
materialistic view does not hold for memory, it cert . Universal Mind, Jf f~ ~~~Q'j~ ~~01:-
not apply to other psychological processes. Moreovel: ~~~~t'liIt-\~~tf.l ~ I
interesting cases are quoted by Flammarion (Before ~~ ~~~ ~i!I ~01:: n-~1
p. 38 ) which undermine any physiological theory of c$DJ \!l<t~~'im ~9( ~~1 .~ wvf.\' ~film ~ ~ I!l~~ I!l~
"My learned friend, E. Perrier presented to the A _ W~~ ,,~m ffl~t~01:I ~lfft9j<f <tt9~ ~f~~ ~~ ( Blake)
Sciences in his lecture of December 22nd 1913, an 0 ~ \!l~$ ISfe; ~ ~fil~~-I saw no god, nor he~rd any in a
of Dr Robinson's concerning a man who had lived for n finite organica1 perception; but my senses dIscovered the
year with almost no suffering and with no apparent Infinitein everything-~~ft(!" ~ <2ltD'l<1:
~~ 3\~'lW~ ~~, ~If<\:
trouble, with a brain that was nearly reduced to a p ~I
was no longer anything but a vast purulent a ~~ ~~ til: <tt{~~ iG~~ \!l~-Would it not be a pure
March 24th, 1917, at the Academy of Sciences, Dr etStacysuch as the mystics have alleged? •• Would it not
showed, through an operation on a wounded soldier t necessarilyinvolve the complete loss of personal individuality
partial ablation of the brain does not prevent manifesta • and the attainment of a sense of one's own identity with all
intelligence. Other examples might be cited. At timel the mind in the universe? Would it not also involve complete
remain only very slight portions j the mind makes use of loeB of the sense of time? ••• Yet it would not be a blank,
can", \!l~ C~Soul, Psyche, Mind-~~~ \!l~ ~~t~lOf' 1fli!l~ but rather a state akin to godhead while it lasted. In fact
'" does not it corespond closely wi th the Nirvana of Eastern
I!l~tm ~ll' ~lffflfm~~ ~-~~~ ~~1l: <trt9j<f~~~t~
~ 1fl~/ ~~f5 Subliminal Mind (I!l~ ~~) ~1!f1 ysticism? (p. 250 )
-\!l<t~ C!m1S~f5 psycho-analyst~~ the unconscious\!l~"
~~~~fil~~1
~lijt9(" <tt~ 1[t~ (our individual minds are not ult'
separated entities but they are all united, or at least tha
interpenetrate, in what is called the Unconscious. The Use of Poetry and the Use of criticism.-
c.!l~ IUnconscious'~ ~' f<1~ (the Universal by T. S. Eliot ( Faber ).
The Universal Mind exists. doubtless; it may even be t After Strange Gods-by T. S. Eliot (Faber).
thing that does exist, all else being but (lappearance".
c.!l~universal mindc<'15Q'j"l'J ~film ~lfft9j<f~"\'l (JeadI. ~~ ~ ~ T. S. Eliot·c.!l1l:
<1~~t1flaI11
~~~ ~~~
CI1~<f~'~ ~~, ~~~, Wl~J lltf~n' 9f'lf~ I ~Hl'
Mysterious Universe ~ ~~-The universe may
~ '6ftlf"f
f<1m~ ~, ~tf~1l: 1l~~ 1l~~ ~~ l(~t'S"IfI ~~~
Wi <t"~ ;rt~ ~'t<t, C"l~<t'~Rf"lfi\3 f5~ti!tQ'jC"l~, ~~~<f ~5Olh1~
~~ IS )'j~~ ~'~~ ~~ I ~~~ ~~ ~ ~~ Cll't"I f.it~ ~~~
~ ,~ <lh1~ ~R ~~ Pf)'j~~Mt<fi W{ ';fC01 ~~'1 <t"~ R~ I
"'3[~cJ ~t~ m ~~f'1<l~, '''I~ ~
~RIOf.{ I
"The Use of Poetry" iiAA ~ <t~lj~ Harvard~ ~
<l~ ~~ ~'''ll ~~tOltt<fi ~~ ~~J <f"l1l)tQ'jon, <t~~~-
(ll ~<fi f~ ,~9t ~, ~ If''l~ I ffl <fi~~fir R~\' ~J {~t'l
lrtlill ,~~ Eliot ~ ~ ~~1 f<t'~ ~,
~~, ~~~, ~~~~ I ~<t ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ I
<t'~ <jfff <fit<lJ~tt"ltRl <t'~ I ~M~~ ~~ <l~"l ~<1'~ ~
'I~<t't"I ,~t<f l2lt~~ ,~ ~ (ll ~~ ~~ ~t<'ltb"lt~ \~ ill I
~~tt<lt~, f\e,c.~~I~m IS ~~9f~<liS"\~~ ~~Q'j~~ ~~ Ben J
Sidney, Wordsworth, Coleridge ~$ <n~~, ~t5Olt'S
~~'iM ljm~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~M~~ ~~~'~I
)'j~ 1l~~ I Sidney~ Defense of Poesie~ ';f~~M
<1'~~, unities of time, place and sentiment ~~ I ~
<ni<t'~ ~~ m
I ~~ ~~ IS ~~ )'j~f1{~t'l)'j~~'$ ~'JfI'fl1
Ol~ ~~ )'j~f1f~~ ~tlii~ ~~'1 ~<t't<t' ~f~m ~<1'~
,~ ~ Clf\SVlI Shakespeare ~ <1'~ ~~ R~'1"*'1
~~~~ ~ ~~'i'l ~ ~'Q.l~ I (;<l1fO{Henry IV ~ Falstaff~t
~~ D~~c(, ~t'~ ~t~~~ ~'i'l ~ f-Mw'l f<lr.t~ ~i
~Q/l) ~<I' ~~ QIS ~~ ~~ ~~'i'l ~lfJ ~OlPl<t'~ ~
<tt<ft unity ~!Gt<fi ~~tlfl f~ <t"i'l1~ onl ~ ~
)'j~~~ ~'t<l ~~<t1~<I' ~ ~Pl<l' <1't"I-<ut~Wl 011~1fO{<l"I1l)~ "l11
~, ~~MlIfC"l~ ~ ~ ~~ ~, m
cq~~ ~
~~~ ~~~~ )'j~ ~RI <I'~~ I ~~ James Joyce~l
~ ~~ '<t'R "S'(~ ~~'1 CIM f"ll
~9f~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ <I"t'\1~ )'jllt~ <t'~~
~tml ~1 <ltQ'jt~ ~~ ';fClfJ ~O{ fllf'l'ffi\'f<l~ f<t'i ~ I ~tr;Ol
~~\5 ';f~ \2l<t"M~, ffl ~ 'e\f~oi<1C.~~ ~ on, ,'i'f~~
f~~ Qf~ ~ ~ I -q~, C.~IC.oil~lc.oi ~ Shakes
~ l!l<l'~ton ~ 'IN fWot <tt<t''1~Mt<l',~~f<llt1 ~
Merry Wives of Windsor <Wf fW'l ~ ~~~' C;
Falstaff~~ <I'~ ~ ~ ~ I ~<fi ~ ~ Bra
~ Matthew Arnold '15lC"l<fi C1i\l "intimate" ~ I en
Arnold-~~ ~ ~<fi l2lt3!"l I PI>~ ~ <l't"l lrt'«f
~ )'jetf ~"l1 <I'm~, cq <t'~, ~~, 11~~, ~'C<f ~.,
Browning <l~~ ~"1 ~ intimate ~ garrulous,
 ~-~D'.I ')8¢
~88

La wrenceC'f'S c<I'~ <R~ ~ ~ ~~~'1 C"'~ I t!l~~ ~rmtt ~ R~ ~ lfClfTt!l~ ~~ ~ ell C'f~ ~ ~ OO~·
~ ~ ~ Celtic Revival-<!l~ "f~1, Bridges, Yeats, 9ft! on-~t~ ~ ~ 'S I!lD"I~~~lI\!it~ ~~ ~ I <l~~:
de la Mare I Eliot t!lClfil rn~'e ~~
"morbid", C<l't~ ~ 15[$~~~ f.«:~" ~ ~(t~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~\!i ~ I
"spiritually sick" ~~<; §~: ~, t!l·m ~ t!l~ ~~~ ~ ~ lltCqtR\li ~ ~i{ <m~ ~ ~ "'~ ~
~"I m t!l Of~ ~~ ~~ ~"9\f~ ~, Shelley ~ I ~~ ~t<\Q ~ ~ 'S 9j'Gl<l~c."iQ
~ ~ f~ ~ C"I~fl
Shakespeare Lear, Hamlet, Othello f"IC~, ~'S ~ ~ ~ Rr? ell ~ 'S ~D"I rn~ ~ C"I~fl1{O{
~ Oedipus Mc~ I!l~ ~ C~O{ I t!lC~ lfClfT"\!i~R ~~~~~~C"I~~~~Rr?
m~'1? t!l~~"\!i~ I!lt~ 'S I!\'SR~ ! ~1fJt~ ~~~ ~~\!i ~-f<l~ ~J ~~.m-~,
1!l(4~f\5,
~ ~~ ~~iliC~ I!ltc~ ~1 ~~ ~ I ~ •• ,"'~, ~~~ 'S ~~~ C"Ilf<l'<l'~ ~ ~Q(~ I!lff~ l. ~
.J ~ I Gosse, Saintsbury, Stopford Brooke Elio ~ ~ ~tih"I C"'~" ~ ~, ~m ~~~ Q~ ~~'<.. I!llfJt~"
ig~~ $ C~ t!l~~ ~~t'S ~~ a!f~ O{O{
I ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ f<l~ I ~~ (It I!l(lfTt~ ll~t"l~il <l'\!i<l~ COl-tl,~~
~ ~<\i \!i~ ~~~<ltflf\!i ~1ft'11 "i.\!i0{"i.~ w~~tfit ~ lfCO{1-
~~~ ~ C<\itO{
''''T ~" \!ii' ~'C"I ~ ~'~ ~~ ~'lC\!i~ I
Ir'It'fl ~~ ~ ~~~ ~ f~ <TIf~ ~ ~R \!it~1~~ Of!~fil1l1
~~ ~ ~ t!l~~~~ ~ \!it~ Off~ ~~~ ~ ~-~~}j~'S ~ I!lft~
~ ~'1 wmI ~1!f ~~~ ~tmM $~'1 'S ~ ~~ I!lft$~
~ ~ ~~ ~~J1ftO{ I ~ ~ c<lt~~, t!l\!i f~~~ 'S ~~<\im
~ ~~ I!t~~ ~~~M 'S 1j~ I:!~ ~ ~ ~ill!ltC"ltC<\i~ ~Q{
~ll'~lIr'lt I m'S t!l\!ifR~ ~"'~ llClfT~~ 1!ltC"It<l''{~ ~C~

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1!l(lfJt~ ~~ ~~}j1lf ~~~~ ~1l ~~ ~~~ AiR f~'1 qt~t~ ~ ~~ ~"'~ ~~ 9ffil~ ~~m Q{tf" I f<\i~
AA ~ ~Pl~~ ~ ~ "\!i~~M ~ t!l<\i$ ~ t!l<\i~ ~ ~ ~~ 00 <TIf~~~ ~\fM7;'t~ ~ ~ I ffl
-..m~-~~"l11l "~~Pln I <!\~ ~ C"I~"~~~ ~ 'e 1ft1rW\~ ~~ ~~ t!l"~ I!l(~~ 'lJ:~ ~ I ~ ~~~ ~~~J 'llt~
fu1l 0\t0{1~~~ Mf~ I ~~Mr<I' AA ~"i~tc~ f<l~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ on, C~ 1!lftc~1OO~, 1!ltC~~~ m, ~fu
~~-~tO{ 'S ~~, f~ ~I~~J<P, ~~-oM'S~~1 ~ ~~~ I "C~ ~~ 1!l(t~"I'1~~ 'S ~~ ~~ ~~tco{ 'Olt1lt~ ~
I!l(~<~ ell m~
R~ \!it~ ~ ~ $ ~Q ~ , ~~ ~ ~ C"I~" t!l~ ~~ 15l"tt~1{~ 'S fu-t~ 9ft"5t~J~~~~
~ ~ <ffil! AA t!l\!i~ -..m~ 'S t!l~ 'etf~t~ QI ~ ~ftl51l ~ I ffl ~ 'S ~Jt~ ~J~ ~O{ ~~ ~~C'"
~~ Of'Sil t!l~ ~jf ~W1t~ ~ ~ I ~~ ~f5 Pfst'Sf ~~ ~'1 "fit~l ~ ~~~ "l1-~ ~~, <\i~C\!i ~ I \!it~
~ cm~'1 f<lm -..mC\!iC~'S \!it~ ~ ~ti{~" ~ "IWa" <lMll~ ~\!iJ"I~ ~ "01~llil 01~~~ I" w~1'S 1l\!i-
~~1 'S~ I C"I~ $ ~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~1'?"<lc.'ll'\1
~C~J ~ C<l'tQ{t~~~1 <ffil \!it~~ ~~ ~r'Sm ~~
f~'hl: $ t!l~ ~ I ~ f\!iR ~ ~~ ~1 'S C"I~ f~ftl 'S ~~ ~~ 'S ~~1{~c'tJ ~ ~Q{'{~m ~ on I
~~ ~~ MfQ{ilc~ \!it~ ~ ~lft-wrt~ I C"I~ ~~ ~ ~ ~t<l' ~~ Rllf ~~ C~ Qmtt~-c~ 1!ltC"Itt<l'~
·~'11P1~1c.'1't)"iIQ~ ~ ~~10(c.~~ l{ClfTt!l<l'tf~ ~ _l ~Vj ~, ~ \!i'q 'S ~ \!iQ{T~~ "fult Of~ <ffil'S ~on ~~ I ffl
~ I m~ 'Olt1lt~ W~~ ~\W!' wt~ ~~ <et"li ~t<\i ~"IC\!i ~C"II!l(t$ ~ ~~-(~ 'S lfTtC"l~tf~ <ffilC\!i~~ I
~~~ ~ I f'f~ 1l~ 'ir~ lfC~ ~ ~l "~ 'S ~~ C<l'Of"C<l''{m ~t'Svt'S C~9f 1!l(1j~~~~~,
~ 'S ~, ~ 'S ~ C<l'Of~ I ~ I!lftf~ ~ ~tf~~ ~~~'S C~~ ~}jtlfT ~il ~~ I C"'~" ~t4t"l,
~~,~c$~~ml" ~ 5~0{,-(Jf~~ 1!lft"~1 'S -~~ ~ I!l(~~-m
\~ "
 ~~ l!l~ ~ l!l~ ~ f-NrM\S on ~~ ~ ~ co;rJj
~ on l!l~~\S~ f<l~ ~ c<fto\'S~~~ ~"tf \S~ ~m- ~ Science Today :-Planned and arranged by the late
t2t~\S ~ on 'S ~Q <1'~ ~ ~\S <1'm ~<l ~~t<t on I Sir J. A. Thomson: Edited by J. G. Crowther. 1934. (Eyre
WBI ~ff~ ~ 'S ~'lf5 ~ t2t~tt<{~ ~ t2tWJi5~
and Spottiswoode, London.)
<:5itt~ ~'l~ IS ~~ <mit'S ~ I The Universe of our Experience :-L. M. Parsons D.Se.
~ lltffJ f.i~~ IS ~, ~ IS ~Daj c<n!f ~ <1'~ (Williams & Norgate Ltd.)
<ffu\S 9(ttQ Of! ~ \S~ ~~-(t ~ f.roM\S ~1 ~~~~ c~
~ on ~ I ~ ~~<1' 9tt"5t\SJf~tC\SQ "I'JjiJ~m ~ i{j

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~~ ~f.{"~~ ~<Pl~ ••
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~qr ~tff~S t2tw\s ~{~~1l ~ ~~~ ~ I
. ~ffJt~ 1f~ Mf~ Ql ~f.{~ ~ ~ i5tn
~ I ~~Q~ l!l<f~ t2t<lN ~ "Style is the man", ~
~ ~ ~b",l~~r.~c<f"t I$fM 9fn! I ~l£.t2t~~~ f<l~~ ~
~-~~ ~~~~. ~~tt"I ~ <m~ ~~tt~ I
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~ ~ ~~ 'S t2tt~"I I <lcf.mf~ ~~Cfl ~F5~~ I ~
IS ~~ ~ C"I~<1'••~ <f~" C~<f <f\S~ 'l\SJ <1'fil~ ~~
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~~ ~~tc~ t2ttc'1~oihll(.'1 IS ~ ~ ~ I <1'2 ~ ~
~~ ~ onl C"I~~ l!l~ri ~ I ~ C"I~ l!l~
'lllt~ ~c( IS ~9f1iflfC<f ~ ~ I ~ ~~~C~ c~
~ ~~ ~~~ ~ l!l~ ~ <l<R1t2t"t~~ ~MC"I'S~ ~ ~ ,
l!l\5 ~ 'll!t~~ ~~~MC~ 'l~~~ <lcR~ fflm l!l~ ~
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f<f~<l1~<I~ I f.f~ ~Jj"\. ~m f:tJt-i ~~ tf~ccj~I 'J.ffCll~~~ ~C<l' I Aliotta c.!l<fiiSfO(

<1~~~t~t-i lfMR<fi- ~f.l
~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ <f~ ~C<I O{\-Ol1 ~~'$ ~~f1l '€ ~~t'lf~ ~~ ~t~ ~<( ~~~ R~~ 'f-C1'l,
f~ ~11~ '€ ~Ol ~~ ~~ift"l ~~ '$g, ~~ ~ ~~ f.l~ ~ 'ft1{gf'$~1j~ c.!l~ ?ffil)~ Ol~I "<f J'{~'S ~~i§ltR<fi~~
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c~ WI ~ ~
<1"11 ~~ fOlt~c<f~O{, ~<1 ~ ~ ~ tfftIftl Jft~ <foti~ ~~ I ~t~ '€ f.l~ ~ '€ m't~ f<1'
~<f'M mI~ ~~ \§~ ~ ~hf ~, ~~ ~ 'e ~, ~~ ~ m~c(\§~ ? Par~ons ~~\§: ~~ f~~ ~--:-
J'{ttfO(-"I~
~~ 1foi,J'{1I~ '€ ~ I <I~ c.!lC~~~~c,"I~ ~~ ~~ J'{~ ~ 'Life itself is found to be lUexphcable on any mechamstlc
~tft-i <fi~1 ~
9ftfil?flf,tc,<l''$l ~1l3~ ~1I~-~'f ~ '€ ~~'fJ1 •.•• d personality, the outstan d·lUg fieature lU
. t h e umverse
.
~c~ ~~, ?fC~~\§~ '€ CiSfltf\§<f
I ~~.~ ~~ ~J'{ ~~~ ~ <11fl ~ a:xperience, is still possessed of free-will, initiative, fore-
~ ~t?fO{I CJ'{~~~ ~~ ~\§ ~4'l ~"lTIa', ~~ '€ ~(O{I 011 nd those greater qualities which can link it permanently
~~~ ~~~ ~ <1'~-<fitl''1 ~Jml~ '€9fl1 ~~ C<\~o{<f .~':eauty, Goodness and Truth, the things which really
~W~)~ f:t~ <ft~-<fit~'l ~~JtOOl' ~ f"ifDtl' <fi~ <1~'IIl~ C tter, the realities which last for evermore"-c.!l C'1fC<!l:
persona-
<fi~o{ I ~ ~ lICtfJ*'llf '"'f'lllt-; t~
lIf'ei 0(1 ~'$ ~ •••~, l5I~lh~~9 ~ I
~r.:~ <fi~ ~'1 ~~ ~t"l-<fitSlcj 1{t~~ ~~ f~, ~llj'lf~ Professor Max Planckc.!l1'lll'\§<\t1f~Rt5~~ "1~nI ~R>~ ~~~~
f<f~<11
~ ~~ ~ R I ~ ~~ ~~ I ~~ f<l1tll ~ ~ ~5fC\§~ determinism 'IIltt~,
~~11~ Hogben iSf'l<1'&~'€ c.!l<fi~l)1I~<fit~~tC4'ltDO{\
<fi~' ~*\~indeterminate I ~"'f"f iSf~\§~ ~~ ~~ '&<{ C~~
~ Ol~ ~~M ~O{<fi "'ft<1't<f"il1 ~c~-c~~ ~ "'ft'€~ ~~ ~iI1: I
~~~ ~~~ ~\§~ l"lT<1tOlI iSf~~ ~'l '€ c<1fitc~r~ '€?fSl Prof. Heath ~iMt~ ~~~ ~"I "'ft"l'f.l<flI~m ?fRt~~ ~tt~tDOl1
~ ~f\§M~ CDZ1l)"IC~
- ~~<1tOl~w:5 ~<1-f~ ~ J'{~ c.!l~ I ~f.I ~i§ltf.l<fi 11\§~ ~~ J'lttfOlC<tf philosophy <{"!C\§
Dt-; O{\,
m(\§ <1ttfJI ~CJ ~Sl J'{t~ <1J<1~ttSl9ftfil~ ~ noptic science Ol~ f"'fC~~ I <fi~'1l!t~ lIC\§~~Sl ~~t\§ f<\i§l~~
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~~ ~~ ~AA I ~i§l~ ~r.:'JliJ'{~iMt~~
Ol<1'lIt-;<!-~Sl ~?f"IfIi1 ~<lt"t~ J'{~~~-1fttfO(~~ C<1-1t ~~"lSl ~ ~~~OllmSl ~ temper <1'1f~, content ~
~~~ f;j~ Pieronc.!lSl c.!l~ l"1T<1R<1t<fiJ"3l~'1 "fitlJ: m-The ~ ~ I ""~ ~fW synthetic system ~~ <fi~(\§ ~1'l
is the-seat of all trends-~~tOl~ ~ 'Ilfur.:~ ~~ ~O{ O{j,~ f<l~'1 ~~ ~~ I 1!\ltC5f
~ ~~ f~tt~ 1;iTIl1
- ~~ (co·ordinating capacity) qrm ~ ~~<fi '1~ ~ ~, C\§ll'f.lf~~ "'ft-{~~~ ~ ~r.:~lfC'tSl'1t~ ~ Ol<1J-
~~, ~~"ItDC<f~ ~ ~~-~~~ c.!l<fitftf<fi
~ ~R c.!l~~ ~ ~~~ ~1'l cm'! <f(;~ I
<:!ilt11
~{O{ <fr.:~ml 'Itf1! 1IW\ C~~<fi ~~ J'{d'st>~'1t1'lfif~ I ~~ <{~c.!l'i1~
Sir Leslie Mackenzie 15t~ f~ttOlSl ~f\§~J'{ f"lc~ ~~ ll'tOl~ c<R~~ em ~i§lm~ ~~ <{lfC~ I AA
C~1foi~~ ~ C~ m<!lt'l C~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~~, C\§1!R ~~ ~o;it '€ '1t<1~, ~Sl ~ ~ fu~~ ~~ I ~~T'f ~'S\§~
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~~ I Marret-c.!l~ ~ ~ <fi~ ~'''' c.!l~-~~W ~~ WitI , 'Itr.~ <1~~'~tR C<fii0{~ M. Sc. D. Sc. ft;~ljt~~ ~ ?f'~
~"I~~~~.~m~~~~1 ~~ ~~~ 1ft<!li~~ <1tf~ m I ~<1cti~ <fi~ ~~ ~~t?f, \§~
~~ '''lJ ~f.{ <f~~-~ l"lJ ~ m1 ~~, ~ $1 I ~~ ~rn1 lQ:~~, ~ ~'1 ~ ~<{i§ltfOl<fi
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~hf ~~tc<u ~f.I<f ~~ f~il ~ ~~ <!Jt~ <:!ilJj~<!-
RealitySl ~ ~ ~~ O{\I Prof. Evec.!l~ ~~ Wave-
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~ifft<\O{~~ ~f~mro"l~ ~t~1 9J.of2!~~9\'! #lt~t~C\ ~ifi..~ ~t~ <!l-" ~ ~l1.'1.( C'<.ft.,~ "Ire ~~ 0{1 ~t~1 "~' 1~~ ~tllt~ >Jfif~ ~~lIt~ #l'&t<RlI
G'\~~1~~~ ~C~ I c5!ttG'!tt<f f~<tJ-"~t~(fitli~ ~.,~ ~t~~"Il Df~~ ~~ nrt<1'~~ ~1 ~tfun 1llf.~ C'~~'l <li'1iij~ ~<Il\S~~~t~f'f ~"l ~~\5
~111~t<ff<f ~<t~iffO{ '1"11~111Y ~~tt<f ~~~9(l~ <11~~t9\' '1~ ~ ~f'll;lt?:~,~t~l '!i\tt"ltDJ~~t<f <\M~ ~~~tt~ I "The realisation of
~f.iN"IlI~~~ ! e hIgh Vaishnavic truths is exceedingly rare even among
~ifft<l~ ~~t<f fit~.,1 <If''lm f<1't-t~ <11'1!..<t1 ~t~~ '1,,1 professed V alS . h navas, w h'0 elt h er lose themselves .
10 gross

C<1'~<!l<1'~ ~<ltN1j'il~ C~ ~tlfl't <\'4 <llIt1j~ 1t<l&~ f~~ ~~n :~l enjoyments or seek their ideal in the abstraction and
f~t"lo{, ~t~ ~~ ~~., .,~ I ~~.~*
~t~~"Itt<1' ~~J~ <11"1c'5tt ~Ies of medieval theology and religion" I C"1~<1' ~r:5jT~t~~~
<lMt"l C<1'~f<1'~1~~: ~9ff\S <li~t~ 9ftt~~ ? er t~ ~~<\ ~~mll f.,1i~ critic (~~tt"ltD<f ) I "The sensuous and
<!l~"C<I~<I~~lt~o{ ~t~t~l ~~~nt ~ <!l<l~~~~ ~ <!l~ •• ~ Ie Interpretation of it (Vaishnavism) is entirely due to the
~~J t2lli~ ~~ <!l<1'$~~rtftr<.f~ ~~~ ~~C\ <f~lIt~O{ I c orance not only of out~iders but even of the Vaishnava
oWd themselves."
<I~t'lf<t~~ ~"" 9\'nt ~, ~~ ~t~nt ~ ~~~ ~f"l~ ~~~1 ~
9f~1 ~ I 'I~tW~ <lffl ~~~ ~~~1 ~~~~tt~ ~t<f ~~ ~~ ~l\lifllf ~ C~~ -t~t<f ~1~~ ~~ ~ ~<\<l3<1
~t~(fi~~~~ ~\St<\
"f~~ I <!l~9\' ~~Jtfil<.fl foI<I~ <li~'I~ ::St~ <!l~ elf, PlR ~ ~ ' \!~1 'l<ft"l~ <l9t2!tt1l1l
f<lt~t~ ~t"l", ~<1't"l~ <f~\5 ~1I~-
~fO{ C~'I~'1~ ~<Il~~'\ "f~~ ~t~ I m~~~ ~~.,1-~r:~R 'e'i~tfTt fgJf~m~r:"I", ~<1't~~ 9J:.~t9\'~~t<1' ~~t~'&<I ~1I"1~f'e>~"l<f ~
~~~t~ ~tt<1'0{I <I~<t ~~tt<f ~"I~~t~ ~fi1~1 "I~~f.( ~ 'filf~5j1lJ~fil~1 ~~tf~t"l~ I <I~t~C-t~ ~t<!~t~l;ll ~~i:"1
f~ I
~~\!)t~ ,~t~~ ~t<{~:{ ~m~,~~ ~~J ~r;~ f.i I •• g raw material for music hall jokes, was going about
~~~~~ ~,:~<1~tt\!)~t~~f11f~ 1S9j~'i'f~f", ~\!)~ "'9\~ ~~ n uting and spinning a fatuous little wheel ... firms went
~fiI~t~ ~~tit~ ~'i'l(1?\!l<r'\!)i~~t~ ~t'l ~fifi~ti{ ~t~ lS~t~_ of:iness, mills were idle, then empty and folk by the
'l~~~'l ,~~ ~ ~li~l:~t'1i{ <H':~ ~t~t~'l 'l~l:~~ 1S9!l t and by the town were thrown out of work.
~l:~i{ I f~e~~ ~Di{~ ~~to{ ~l>9\lf~l:~ ~\!):~\!) ~~~ ~~1l ~~tlf~ ~9(ft1~\!)t~ ~~~ ~l:~ ~1? 'St~t~ ~~~
'alt~ft1l1/
C\f1<1t~~~<1i{fDi!! I ~l:~~ <{t"'~ Ql fui!!~~t~'l ~~f.l1 ''''~ ~ ~~tc~ <lf~~ '<I't~'If'€~~ ~11f'i,~Q\b ell/~ ~t~ "ltl;'<I'''I~ J;l:($
,~Cft~~f\!) ~~Qj'j~~t~l:~i{ I \!)t<{~~ <l<qt<1J~ O{t~l ~\!)~~f~ ;sc~~\5 <f~C~"I-Let us be too proud, to refuse shelter to
~~\!) ~tt~ ~1 ~fCI~ti{t~t* I ~~~t~ ~f'll:~~ ~~ ~",~1 ·ted forigners, too proud to do dirty little tricks because
~:~ 'St~\!)<1t~llfut~ ~w'tt~ ISt.lf~ <f~t<{ .,i-~tfil IStM ~ er people can stoop to them, too proud to lose an inch of
\!)ttlf~ ~i~t~~ ~t<l't<>t~O{wi"~-'1~w1, \!)tmlf~ ~t~Jt~. freedom, too proud even if it beggars us to tolerate social
IS ~N1j~f~t\!)~~'St~ I 'ustice here, too proud to sufier anywhere in the country an
~G'r<l't~~ti{t~~~~t~-~O{~<{~~Pt~t~'1'l, f<1tll/~~t~ ~ Iy mean way of living.
<>tfi1<lt~ IS '<{t4r'Sr;"l~
~Jt\St<{~,~tl>9\tOl1, ~ttlf~ ~tf~~ ~f'l~'1t't~ ~f.l ~'i f~l:~~t"''' eli "l't~"l' 9J~1 ~t~~ ~:~ ~C~t~i{-I wonder
'StW ,~ '{~"l ISlft~ <ltifit<{~~t~r;~., ~1 'If~t~ ~~t~ ISt~<l' ~i- there is a country in Europe in which musicians, painters,
~~r;;ij~tO{t2t~'Sttt'l--Pt~t~~ ~~t~ '<I'"'t~\!l~ ~~t~ ~i{ -Ptfi1~f~ authors, philosophers, scientists count for less than they do in
Qj"t~l ~~11fl:"l~"''lfi'l .,~ f~ \' f~~~ <(t"l~o{ \!l~ ISlft~i!jt~ aa this country I W~ ~Plt~~t'$~ 15~'l ~Q~ flft\5 -PttQ\!)t~f~~
~t<{ "lf~\!) ~~ ~filt<t'Q ~'l~~.~'ll:~ I f~f.I ,~~ ~~ IS I ~'4 ~tll ~~t~ 'Sti f.I~~ ~a;t~ I
'lff~~t~i{ ~\!):~t'ltrr\!) ~t.,ifi -Pt~~t'ltflf\!)t4'lt<1)r;\!) R~~ ~t"l l!t1 f,f/gf\'t \!t~ ~~'l-~f~~t ~t~ Oxford, Cambridge. York,
~~ 'lI/tD",'t~I Canterbury ~\!)Jtflf~CO{tQ~ ~t"l~f"l ~.~ "l'tll~ <lT1f11ft~t~O{ I el;~)jtCO{Q
f~~attQ ~f9jIf~\!)t ~1jt~t~'t I ~t.,'lbft1ti!!~e9(lI/tlftfif ~~f!~t1 II'G-~tc'lftfu'i,"l"l\!tt~t~~<ft~ ~t~~~l, .,If, i{I(t,Elm ~'lfi-"i.~., ~ti{
''lllf ~fil 9(ti~fut~~ 'll:11f~ f\!)f.If.,~~'Stt<{-Ptf~fu\!)-\!)t~ ,~~fi1 m1 -.~~ ~~t'l C'ltlf<l'CQ i{i I ~"C~<1t"'~,~~t IS <lt9~9(fil~t~ ~t~~Rt~
~t~ t~i{ 'll1..~'<I'"t~; 'St<{'1S <fQj"tQ~r;~t'l <ft~t~i{ ~\!):~\!) ~ '1tt-'l ~~Ci{ ~R~ <fl:~C~-"l'~t'lt~\!)J ~~~~ ~'4J ~t~ f"l' (,'ft<{?
fD'i'ltlij)"l\!)t~~t~tfJ ~'lfDt\!iJ~ 1l,~J flft~ ~t~~~~ ~~ ~~s~mf •• ~ (}f c5z1~1"l'C~ 'St"l~ '<I't~t~i{,\!)1, "l't~<flS ~:l~t~1 'i~t~Q ~21~~

<l~~tfi{ ~t'QJ~ -Ptti <f~<ltll ~ ~O{~ U~ 'Dti "ll-'''l~l:~i1 ~ -. tnt ~~~ ~tQ ~t'iC~ I ~f~'SWf~ '<1~t~t"l ~t\5 ~'l ~~:~
IS ~~~ ~1jtll~'$ '<1t~ ~ ~l:i1tc;~l:tfll~'i'l~t~ ~t~r;~ I ~ti~" ~t(O{c~to{f<f~'i~~~ f~R t4tl:OjQ~t~ 1S~~tl;"I~tQ ~W~t"l' ~f<f~
~t'" rr"lt'll (~) ,~'" <l't'1t~ IS ~tll~t"lh~~ti{ ~r;~~ ~'lfDi!!J~~ rn~t~o; I "lo{"l"ll')~ ~i{~~t~~ ~~9f"9tt"f ~t'StQ ~Cll ~~O{lS~t~
~tQ C~ifitfJ·i§3\o1t~ ~~I flft~t~, ~Qj"D ~t~9jt~~ IS'S~-Pttt'(~~9jtt'l ~-It lay there, half in gloom,half smiling, this forest I had
f<lfD\!i"
f<19jfCIt~91 ~t~ 'D'lJ::~"~t~C~ I ~~1l ~ti <It''ll:~i{,~ 'i1'6fi1 . er entered, like a piece of time that no clock of ours could
~t~ ''l~~tti{ <!l~<!l~lS ~f\!)<l't~~m~~ ~~ <ft~ flfl:~ 9(~~ ~\VaY-~-PtQ lIfQCi!~~cftt'it"l' ~C~i1 f"lf<f~~~ 'al~~f~lS 'Stt~t,
lI/tfu 9fti{I (~) ~t~~~17:<f~'lt~t"l <It'1t~., "l,~t~ '1l"t~~tll!~, • We looked into the distant vale and saw far away in
c<litil"~'l~~ ~R '~(lftf'6' <ft~~"1 e~ <I«3~t"l <f1t"llli!i'\!~ autumnal haze, the spire of Salisbury Cathedral like a
o{~l:~Q f<l~tt~~~~~r;~ <!l~~~f~~ <ft~ ~t'1t~ 'll 9jN9jt{~ ~~t~ ~ finger, faintly luminous It was one of those autumn
~f~~t <11~t"1OW '(~~~ ~ tQ ~~<111l ~<1'l~9tt~~i ~ "Ill (~) ~~ gs when every bush glitters with dewy gossamer. One
R9(f'tr;~ ~tlflij)-Pt'lJ<1f<lJ
'lft~ ~t1l ('lfll/~f\5 ISt~f"l\!)~t~ ~t~C~ r ed ~ysteriously through a world of wet gold. Nothing had
~Qj"D~Wi!! <l~<1tQ ~tt'lfi-Pt <ftQ~ C~~tlflij)tIf~~R~ f.I~t\ :les or real continuity, Roads climbed and vanished
drt .
~~\!) IS .,t~t"l'~ 'lt~"lt~~l 'If-t ~t\5l5t~ litt~ I PPlng Space.
"lJt~tll/t~tt~~ ~"'tQ <fl:"'i1~~<{~t~ ~f~~ ~t~ I5~Qj ~ ~ ~<l~ 9jtit"l'~ ~<l~1 ~~ \SW~f~<f9. <!l"l~
~t~~ .,tfi~~ ~\!);
.~C~i{-A rum little chap called Gandhi, who provided 'It-r~~~~1<{t~ti flft~ \;~t'e ~t~ ~~, ~t~i5 ~~tt~~ c<llfi{l~l:~ ~~ I
 N.,9f'fgj';/(it~ ~I!'!{~~~ ~t~~J~ 1%~~ Nc~ ~';/(i~ ~~ ~~ I it~1:If~ ~'l1 <lim, f<fi~ C\!~tC<f ~"!<ltPl' I ~~-
~to\t~gjO{<f~1 <f~o{ ~t~'1 ~tC<lC~~ ~t~~t"f ~f~R~ c<l't"f ~lltt~ ~~ ~<!:fC"ltC<f~
R<'l'1;<!lIS151~ I ~';/(i~ ~~'l1 itw~~1 ~CWi
9fl~~~ wfDlS ~~;o.j-<f~c.,1 <11~~t~ "'l~~
~f\!i~faJ\5 ~~ 0{1<!l<l~ ~~, ~1fC~t~, ~<ft~ ~~~ ~ttIf~ C'<lilt,<l~~t"l O{t~~ ~'gf<l\!~~
~t~ ~f~fi]fim 'f"ft~~~ 0li~ I
~f~<f f<l';/(i~iS9ff~\!i<fC~<!l<l~ ~~11 <!l~<lJt~Jt-s '~Dt~~~' 0{1I,<l't~'1 itW.rtClf~ ~~ ~oft~
~t"Pl<f ~~~ ~ ~C~ ft2tg"l1~t~ <;!;'&-f~"1)t"fQP't<lt~C<f ~ Q, ~t~t~ ~~~1 ~~~ ~t~lR~~1, f<fi~ <lt~ f<l~~ <:"It<f-
i]fit~~C<f<lt~., ';/(iC~ 9f't"DtC\5RfC';/(itO{
~<;!;JClf<l~~ ~~t1:O{ ~~ "" c'lt""-WtO{ Iff~~ I C';/(it"f1Sc2t<ftt~ ~f~O{ ~C~ ~~~ll1 ';/(iC~ <!l~

~1 9f'fi1~1~~~tC<l C<lt~~~J ~~ I ~~ CIf"'l<l-rft~15I1:0{c<fl~

Ql' wft~~ ';/(iW1 tiM <f"t~c, C~ I <!lClf~C1fT;~1S ~~~!!! ~<l em '<l~
l51ti]fit~151t~~1<;!;t~\5<lt~~ ~~1:~~~1:~~<;!;<l <tofi1 I .~ ~, <!l~ir~lfi~c~ (~~t~$f. <l"!Cio{) f;{\5t~~ <l't~'t~~\!, ~'<t<\1
~t1 {Cif ,9ft'S ~1 ~~ .,t,-~\!~t~ ~~~~tci\ 151~'5; <;!;t~~$f. ~~1
~it m-s ~~ ~yt'<lWO{ <'l'~C\! 9ftc~O{f;{ ,
dl~iftf\!f<11:~C~~
~~O{ f<fc~ ~? '<l~~tf.l 9f~...
t'S ~ ,t\5 ~cO{ ~~-
l!lt5t., ~\!1, ~1<ftiSc"<t'~~ <l1"<t'tiSc<fc~~ <f"C~ '<l~ ~~ 5t~ R,
~ ,~WI<l'C~, ~<f"!C<f1.C<f m fWl:~'<l~ ~~
C~~ ~~\!tc"<t' ~Dt~
My Life as German and Jew.-By Jacob Wa \9 ~ ~~J~t~ ~"I;{tf\§ ~'i~'1
b"lf~ ~~~t.;n
<f"C~ ~~ll~ c2t"l~
(George Allen & Unwin Ltd). I A World in Distress o{~<f ~<fW ~~.,t'<t ~wtM~t~ lI~t"t~
~ ~<'l' c~ <l1:"~ Ql' ~~~ ~:~'f~'-~ <f~<lt~ <!l<'l'~~ iS~
~t~trIRl ClfC-t~t~<ft"l ~1:lfC"t~ClfclIj'~;gt<l"Itt.; I5ItmClfl
~'ltA ~~t<l iftf~~ c'5t"ll, lICO{~t~ IS ~~ ~\! ~<\CO{ 5"111" ~~lIj'J
~~\5<1t~~ f~"Io{~~ ~c~~c"O{, 151~~1C~ ~~ ~ f~~ ~ttlffllj'<fi
~ ~<\lWt~ ~~ <!l"<\~
15I1w-f<lt~~~ ~ ~<f~1 <l~1be"! ~ <!l~
<I~ <fC~ CIf~C\5I5It~'&<f~~ I ~t~~
~~~tt~~
~~t'i<;!;1~f\5~~ <!l~~ ¢.
9f~m'1 <f1:~MC~ ~fil.,to\~ ~9f't~ ~lSm ~~ ~<f, 'i
m 'illl., <f~1 Cll <1''5 <f"~o{ ~1 ~~ ~<\m~ ~~, <f"~'1
~fif }jf5J~' ~"l/<lt~ ~O{ ~C'<l '<lt~t~ <f~ ~t~ ~O{C~O{0{1 <!lf~,,~
~~W1, ~t~lft~<f ~~~1, c2ttclff-t<f <;!;t~~~t~t~t~ ~~W1-f~
I
~t~ "i~ ~~ bC"l~ I Clfllf~t~ ~1, ~'I..~ ~~~~ ~~~ wfq
~~t"I ~~t~O{ <f~t~ 9f'tt~O{f.{, f<f~ <!l~ ~tf\5~~lf ~ l5If'!ll'tc<f
I5It~'<l~tto{ R\5~~ f"~11 eIf"t, <!l~ is<;!;c~~;q C"IC~~, ~~t~
.• c~ ~i\f~"I I c<$I Nc~ 1%f;{ I5ICIft~C<f,~'ltt<f ~~ ~\! Cb1:~.
~t<!l~~~C\51 <ffqj~ ~1,-<!l~1S l51t~tclf~ elfC"t ~lI~t~ iS~
, ~~ ~5t~~ ~~\! Ci]fit~C<f~"lfil\5 <1'~t\5 9ftt~O{R I ~ R\5t~
e2t~tlIf9fl~fO{,~~ <;!;f<l~JC\!
9ftt<l f<f 0{1 ~tf.{ 0{1I ~t1t~1:\5 f<fl.
~ f~f;{ <iC"I~,- <!l~~<!l~'<li\t~ ~~'l~~ ~~ ~~<f~f~~ ~C~
clf<fi~ ~t~ ~~f.I, .,tl!,~c,,~ I5I~W~ il~~1I51t~ f~t~'5, ~'l't~,
JI1'1 ~~lIf,-
~'5JtDlf~'5 I ~lr'l~~: ~t~t~lItto{~ ~0Jl, ~~O{ ~~C~ <!l\51
With the realization of the hopelessness of effort the
c~fol,-f<f~ ~<l Ql'T<lCo{
<!l'<l~'<lt~<fJIS '<lW'<lt~~K<f <lW~~
essin one's breast becomes a mortal agony.
~0Jl~\5 9f'tc9f'~ ~~ ~t~ f~~tc~~ <;!;t~ ~ ~c~n~ I ~~
Vain to adjure the nation of poets and thinkers in the
~<f"lJt'1 ~\! ~:~ c9f'~O{, 9f'~t"t '<l~~~'<l~C~ 9f'~9f~ <!lC~~~ C'i~
of its poets and thinkers. Every prejudice that one
~~~'1 <fC~ CIf~\! Cb1:~~0{,~~~~ <!l11
C';/(it"f1S
~~ ~1:1af~
es to be disposed of breeds a thousand others, as carrion
"C~f!f.{ R~<f ~~ i1wt <11~~ ~tllto{ <iC"Ic<l't"f1StiM ~Sl tnaggots.
~, f.,c~~ <ftt~ f\!R fD~flfO{~t1t"f, <!l'<l~
~~, ~-~ I ~~~ Vain to present the nght
. cheek when the left has been
~t1toft~ ~~ ~'&9f'1\! <f~C'5 ~<l, lIf~~ <f~~ ~C<l,f<1'~
This does not move them to thought; it neither
~lJ:~Rl~ 'i~lftt~~ C"It<f, f.,~~ ''!l4:''tJ' ~C~ ~t<fC<l1 \5t~ ~ •
~or disarms them: they strike the right cheek also.
~~~, <!l~ f<f ~~ flfC"{1S ~ ~~~ ';/(it~ <li~\5 ~t~ I5ItPwl
~ to interject words of reason into their crazy shriek.
<litlafQl'~~ ~1:~~ <lit1:~~~\!; \5t~ <r~ ~"I <!l~Cll ~<l ~
say : He dares to open his mouth? Gag him.
~t"f~ijj ~1ft~ <fi1:~Nc"lo{I I5I\!J~ '<lfO{~ <I'ii~ ~ ~~ ~~~
to set an example in your life or behaviour. They
~Ift ~t"<lt~~ 'I..~ ~~C~ CW~I <!l~ ~C~J ~lt<lt~ Ql'C<lifr
say: We know nothing, we have seen nothing, "I. ,,~ <It''R on I f<1i~~f<:!~Pl<1i~1lft~t~ ~'i~<n ~1 ~~,
nothing. ~ ~ <!4f~ ~Jtfi{~4'l <m-r~ t!l<1i$Plfiitg l2tf5f"f'fJ{,«~ <it~
Vain to seek obscurity. They say: The coward ~ ~~1 f<f~~ ~<{t~4'l1<l5"fil~ 9ftEl:~1 I C<1i~0l1,~~ ~flotg
creeping into hiding, driven by his evil conscience! ~ ~ t!l<1i~~~ ~~t1l~ ~Qf ~l!.~t~1 "!~,~$ l2t~~ ~,,<{-
Vain to go among them and offer them on ~ <:!~t~ ~<{~ ~'5J~ '<lfi{§~ ~~~ ~~~t~"I I t!l~ lI~<I~~t~q~
They say: Why does he take such liberties with ~ Oil-(:l't"I'~~ ~~ R~ ~~~~-lIf~Qf1-<1iRt!lM~Jtt<l~ <u1't~t;
obtrusiveness? '6 ~ ~1I~<f ~~"lf~ <l5"PI~~ts ~'@fi1~I C-r""t<\t<l~1~~~~
Vain to keep faith with them, as a comrade.in-a .• ~ t!lM~te~~ <utc~~-I!l~ (<:!~~ ~fi{ 3lt~fi{~-~t~1 ~~ i1t~)
fellow-citizen. They say: He is Proteus, he can a 'Uf~ ~~ ~<\~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~:e~~ lIlfJ fIf~1 :ft-r·t!l~ ~~~~
shape or form. ~~"11
Vain to help them to strip off the chain of slavery ft"l ~$~'1 <1ifil~t~ ~t~ ~<l5"$~t~ 9ffil<l~~ ~t~ I ~~ ~
say: No doubt he found it profitable. , ~ ~ t!l<1i~~t~ ~f5~t<:!-<l~lIf~~~ ~~ <lMm ~~t~l ~
Vain to counteract the poison. They brew fresh I C~<it~t~ ~~<l5", ~~1If 1If~t<WT~
clIf~i5tt$j' filfi5~i1tll<l5"
~~ iSt'e't~
Vain to live for them and die for them. They sa i\tCllClf-<fJ~ <f~ <f'fil~~ ~t~~ ~tD~t" <11~wf~~ ~tf5~te~J~
a Jew. ~~ ~ ,,11 ~Jtfolt~'" n~m
~tf~·fi{lfi9f'l '$ <I~""t'~'1pt~~~J
~'l' <lM~1 C<i t2f~<{1If1"l'1
t2f~§t'1 ~t~, 1It'1<Wf~lItlfJ <iflt~~
05ti1 ott~~ ~Wt ~t4'l i5t'e't~ filR~~-~~ ~f5~tc\!iJ~ ~ ~f~
~, ~t~ "It~Olt~~~ ~1fl ottm on I ~~t$j'~tll ~ filSt~~
~~m~'i!$~'1 <1ifil~t~~ I ~ Pli11 ~tlf~ f~f.{ ~<1i ~f~~~
~rn~tf't$~'1 <fGl~, ~ ~f~t\5 c~·~t~'S '$ ~tfilt~'" n~~t"I~
cfl~~~iflfl!'<\~~ <I'Wl ~<l5"$ <l5"~1~ 'l:.~~t~ ~»9ffu ~tm 9f~t"Itc<1i
Flush, A Biography-By Virginia Woolf. (The
mOl I t!l~ <1i~I,f1{~f1l~~, :fttllf~ l2t~ <l5"~ I
Press. )
~~ :ftllf C<i9ffi<ltc~~ ~ ~'i!~~'l <l5"e~~t~ ~~\5 ~~t4'l'$
~fQI~ ~t~ C~~f~~m <l5"tt4~~ "It~~ ~1{lfPlt$j'~9f~ I ~ Clf~"Itt~~ ~<f~t'1~ lItlfJ lfofT~~ ~~t1l~. fllf~~l l2tf~9ftM\!i
f<l~~ c»9f., C'ftllf ~"I~cf ~~"It1{t~ ~$j'R~ ~fi{<1i ~nl"~1 Itt'Il 't-Ill(c~ ~t~l ~~~ C~~ .,t~ I ~l :ftllf-~~ ~<l~ C<1itt'11 ~~t<f
"~. "IMVI~~~t~ <l5"fil~1 ~~~t~'" I ~~~9f ~tD~'l ~~ ill I 1l1Q" ~~ ~" ~~ ~t"lt"lf ~t~t~ NO\ <l5"t$~I 9ftt~~ \!"It~
~~, c<1iifol1C1f~ c$j'Qf9f~Ri>~t~ m~~ ~~t~J ~1ft1lf .•~ <1i~~1C<1itll'"11$~ ~txf ~ 1If~ ~~~~ l~~, ~~ ~'t~~~
~~~~ ~~t\5 f.\<il~ ~~~1 ~~
""tlIf<l5" ~~t<1i 9f"1t~ <1im;Q ~ ~ bM~ ~c(~t;t~ ~;gt~~ ~~~~J f""tf""t~<l5"'tt~
~~ Plm'l
1If~~ ~lIf~ #j~tc~ ~t1fllf ~ ~~"<f ~~~ ""tlIf<1i-lIf~~
<ftc JPA Clf~ ~~ ~~~, 9f<il9J..~~~ fclf6<il ~h~ ~t~~ ~C\ ~~
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~f.{ ~l tift.- '!t~~OlI ffl ~M ~~ ftf~ ~t~f1 "111 )] ~~«l".~~'lI ) ,,~
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titutional means-f«tllf~:
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~ ,r~ ~'f 'Sa I C'l~ ~, ~~ 1l;R1\!l~ ~~ "tl, ~ 1(ttff
~ ~~ \!l~ ~~ ~ ~«i" 'elll~<\t~~ ~S1 Rotil ~1 ~ I ~~
~/ Communal electorate \!l«~exclusion of the rural workerst<f
1I~r.~
~.9tfmt negation of democracy ~ \ ca'l~<1'~~ '&ltIf4~1~,~I!, ~
The Idea in Fiction-Leggett. {Allen and Unwin l 9!fi101 OM! Il;t~~~~ ~ 'et~~ ~ I
~~~~~~ ~ ~ <fll\1~
post.War France-Paul Vaucher. (Home University
\;~ ~ ~~ ~fl ~ ~$5 m~, iit~ mllf,
Library Series ).
~1'elf<t'1'~l,15l{'S '&omf \!l«~'l~«l" ~6f~~~11l ~ C<l'tottf'e
«l"t~~Qjt;{ 'l11rtf~ ~'1m '1~~ \!l«~,~ '1~~1I ~ ~ ~ \!l~ ~~ 'l'lI~1 ~ ~~ ~ m~~ "flt~
~ ~9ft~-<!l~ fWl~fiT ~ ~~~ ~ <a!tt~ ~ I ~ "11,i!li11Jf ~ C1'tt~m "11,15l~!)Cli"l1~ «5~, ~ ~ ortil1 i!li1lnl,
~ ~ <tM ~~ llClfJ~ m«ttff I ~ ~ fiQ ~~~ "l!cfPl~~ ~~, ~ ~iSSi1 ~~ Wl~, ~ ~~ ~
<a!(~ ~ ~ I ~~~ ~ ~t5Ol ~ ~ I Not ex ~-'.>~'.>~ ~t"l c~ \!l~ «5~ ~til ~~ I c<t'il' il1~1 '1'1ft"! ~t~
itself but the author's judgment of his experience is the ~ ~"'I Paul Vaucher ~~il ~il ~~ ~'1 ~
material of fiction; not what he observes but his in ~ ~'IJt~ I ~ ~f~ ~¢o ~nt ~~ ~ ~'llI~('If~
and speculations concerning it. 15l~ speculationSCCfIS '" ~ «"11m cllftil1c~4'1I ~til<f ~ ~ ~~ ~' \!l~ ~ c$'T I ~~
~ht, <rn\'l«Jt~ 'S f.~Wt ~ m 9f1f,~ ~ ~ ~ It"! mllf ~ <l~trust ~-'\!l<fS1 ~'«~, ~~~~~ '1ftl«ht
15l~~ fRnt ~ ~<R«, I!~ ~ f~ ~~ Pf"11C'f~ ~ I ~ I ~~t« I!l~ ~ ~~ ~ 'S ~ ~~.t;
5t~t'lIl ~~
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~~, ~~ 1(tlfJ
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1]« '1f~ ~~
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~~ <a!t~~ ~ ~ 1 -~ ~~,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ «"l1 mI \!l~ ~<I't'\1I!l'1'('If"'l'f"fi
~ ~ ~ I!l~~ \!lflt1l1
Property or Peace-H. N. Brailsford. (Victor

~ Mt~ Property is Theft, ~~ \!l'Pt «I!,'ll 9ftt Indian Constitution-A Survey; Lahiri & Banerji.
~~ Property is Anarchy I ~l!fD ~ "'I~l~(.~ ~~ A.tlas of Current Affairs-Horrabin. (Gollancz.)
~~9ftIft~ ~1ltG\ 'S m ~~ ~ f~, ~~ ~ f~ p FOUndations, Constitution Structure, Administrative
~ f.f I c<R ~ f.{ (.~O'l~(.~l~fiTt~ I <a!{'lllt~ ~ 'IC'r "" robletns, The India of the States, The Constitution in
~ R;et'f 'S «~ ~ f.f, ~"9\~ ~ ~~ ~ffi{ !daking ~~ \!l~ ~ ~~"t ~~, ~ ~~~ AA:l
~ ~, 'f~ ~~ \!l~ If''I~"11, ~ ~ ~ ~ '1~~ iltil1 \&;~ '&l1('O'lID"i1
~ I ca'l~
~~~ ~ ~ C'l~ ~ ~I ~ Ro? ~ \2f~ ilf~ C(~ I ~ 'S ~MtM~tIf1f \;~~ 1!l1(il
m1 ca'l~ ~ f.( 1ltil ~ I \!l<f \!l«l" ~
~ «t!lflQi'l(.If'l1 ~
 objective treatment-l!l~ ~tcaJ CG'l~~ ~~t~ <f~~
~~ C~~~ ~t~ l!l<f ~Dlt1' ~'ll Appendix~M ~
~t~t<f I Minority Representation ~ l!l<f~ ~ ~
<1~~tf.f~~~ l!l<t>~<t>llI1 ~m
. ~ ~
I ~<t'~ ~
~<r<t'~~lt9f<lr, l2I~'l 'SjtcftM~IS ~~<l' ~~~TIT i1tf~~ ~
Club offi~ ~<t> m ~~~.,' I l!l~ ~ ~t'SHI1 ~~~
"f'{'f~, ~ ~~tlfJ1
White Paper-l!l~ ~1ftc~tDofI<t>~ l!l<1'~ ~~ l2I<t>~ <i>t1I~.,I
Constitution <1~~tf.flSl!l~ ~<nT l!l<t>~wf~ I l!l~ ~'l'l ~1~~, :>'!)8~
<tt~<ft~1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~
~ R"5~ I '
Horrabin-l!l'l Atlas of Current Affairs ~.
'<It<fi1
~f~ I l!l~ ~ IS "UI <t>~ ~ ~ ~${ ~${ ~~
C01tS~M<t~~tf.1t<t> ~ ~(.~l~~~m ~ I

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