HW6/3.2/9,12 3.

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MAT472 - Steve

Shuchen Zhu September 27, 2011

MAT472 - Steve HW6/3.2/9,12 3.3/3,6

9. (a). Let x be a limit point of A B, (xn ) A B, s.t. (xn ) x. If x A, (ank ) A, s.t. (an ) x. (ank ) is a subsequence of (xn ). Hence in this case x is a limit point of A. By the same argument, we can prove that x could also be a limit point of B (if x B) and a limit point of A and B (if x A B). (b). Let x A B, x A B X (A B) . If x A B, of course x A B, since B B. If x (A B) , then by part (a), x is either a limit point of A or B or both, hence AA x A B. So A B A B. B. Suppose x A, then x A x A . If x A, then x A B x Conversely, let x A A B, since A B A B. If x A , then x (A B) , since A A B. Therefore x A B because (A B) A B. The other case x B can be proved in the same way, so we have B A B. A Thus A B = A B.
1 1 (c).No. Let An = (, n ) ( n , ). nN An = R, but nN An = R \ {0}.

12. (a). True. A is closed, so its complement is open. (b). True. Let x be an isolated point of a set A, > 0, B (x) A = {x}, hence B (x) (c). True. a closed set contains all its limit points (trivial). (d). Flase. Let A = {0}, supA = 0 is not a limit point of A. (e). True. It does not have a limit point. (f). Flase. Let A = R \ {}, it is open and it contains all rational numbers.

A, > 0.

3. By the way the Cantor set is constructed, each Cn is a nite union of closed sets, and C = nN Cn . So the Cantor set is closed. Clearly it is bounded by [0, 1], hence by Heine-Borel theorem, it is compact. 6. 1 (a). Let A = [0, 3 ], B = [ 2 , 1] A + A = [0, 2 ], A + B = [ 2 , 4 ], B + B = [ 4 , 2]. It can been seen 3 3 3 3 3 that A+A, A+B, B +B, C1 C1 +C1 and A+AA+B B +B C1 = [0, 2], thus [0, 2] C1 +C1 . Now we have the base case, assume that the statement is true for Cn , we need to show it is also true for Cn+1 . Let v [0, 2], v = xn + yn , and we discuss three possible cases: Case 1: None of xn or yn was removed in Cn+1 . Then just let xn+1 = xn and yn+1 = yn . Case 2: Both xn and yn were in the middle third and were removed. Then let qn be the length of the middle third that was removed. Let xn+1 = xn + qn , yn+1 = yn qn . It is trivial to show that xn+1 has been shifted to the rst third and yn+1 has been shifted to the last third, which garantees their existence in Cn+1 . Also xn+1 + yn+1 = xn + yn . Case 3: One was in the middle third and was removed, and the other is either in the rst third or the last third. Assume xn is intact and yn got removed from the middle third. Let pn be the largest distance between xn to the endpoints of the interval that contains it. If xn is closer to the left end of the interval that contains it, then let xn+1 = xn pn while let yn+1 = yn + pn . Hence we shifted xn+1 to one end of the interval and moved yn+1 out of the middle third. (There are lot of trivial steps which can be ignored here). We can apply similar steps if xn is closer to the right end point of the interval that contains it. Also xn+1 + yn+1 = xn + yn .

HW6/3.2/9,12 3.3/3,6

MAT472 - Steve

By all the cases above, we know v [0, 2], xn+1 , yn+1 Cn+1 s.t. xn+1 + yn+1 = v. (b). It is clear that (xn ) and (yn ) are bounded, hence both of the two sequences have a convergent subsequence, namely (xnk ) x and (ynk ) y. By the rule of construction in (b), xnk + ynk is guaranteed to be euqal to the s chosen from [0, 2]. Hence x + y = s, while x, y C since the two subsequences are convergent to points in C.

HW6/3.2/9,12 3.3/3,6

MAT472 - Steve

7. a) P roof . Let y be a limit point of A B. By the denition of limit point and De Morgans Laws, > 0, V (y) ((A B) \ y) =, V (y) ((A \ y) (B \ y)) =, (V (y) (A \ y)) (V (y) (B \ y)) =, (V (y) (A \ y)) = (V (y) (B \ y)) =, By denition 3.2.4 this means y is a limit point of A or a limit point of B. Hence y is either a limit point of A or a limit point of B (or both).