Presentation Model

Teacher: David Barbero Subject: English Level: 10th Grade

Topic: Improving Writing Style via Sentence Combining Advance Organizer: Six Strategies for Sentence Combining Objectives: When presented with a series of simple sentences, the student will be able rewrite the simple sentences to form complex sentences by using sentence combining methods, correctly making use of 5 of the 6 strategies. Materials Needed: Six Strategies for Sentence Combining Handout List of Conjunction Words Handout Practice Exercises Handout Chalkboard, Chalk, Video Display with Sound

Phase 1: Introduction: Clarify aims and establish set. - Attention-getter: Show video clip of Austin Powers movie wherein the dialogue of different people in different settings is strung together to create one long humorous statement. A funny example of sentence combining. - Previously learned how to form simple, grammatically correct sentences that consist of a single independent clause. - This lesson will demonstrate the methods of combining two or more simple sentences to form complex sentences, which consist of multiple clauses and phrases. - Complex sentences convey the same basic facts as simple sentences but in a more mature, nuanced, and meaningful way. Phase 2: Present the advance organizer (include or describe): - Present Six Strategies for Sentence Combining handout. - Lecture on all six strategies, giving an example of each one. - Explain the rules of punctuation for each sentence combining strategy. - Define key terms: independent clause, dependent clause, coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjunction, and semicolon. - Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and when you would choose each one. Phase 3: Present learning materials (outline of content): - Using a chalkboard, write a series of 2-3 simple sentences and then demonstrate how to combine these sentences. Present a different series for each of the six strategies. - Be sure to fully explain the correct uses of punctuation marks and conjunctions. - Elaborate on the nuances of meaning that can be generated by subordinating one clause to another clause. Give examples incorporating a variety of subordinating conjunctions. - Show that appositives can be inserted into any part of a sentence: start, mid, end. - Demonstrate the differences between participial phrases and absolute phrases.

Phase 4: Application: (check for understanding and strengthen student thinking) - First, using a chalkboard, write a series of 2-3 simple sentences and then ask students to explain how to combine these sentences. Present a different series for each of the six strategies. - Next, ask students to pair off into groups of two. Each student will complete the Practice Exercises handout, discussing each item with his/her partner. Afterward, each student will turn in his/her own completed handout for assessment. - Last, review correct answers. If time permits, show video clip of Conjunction Junction by Schoolhouse Rock.

Six Strategies for Sentence Combining

Make a Compound Sentence Combine Sentence Elements Subordinate One Clause to Another Use Appositives to Connect Ideas Use Participial Phrases to Connect Ideas Use Absolute Phrases to Connect Ideas

A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. A The clauses are separated by a semicolon or by a coordinating The conjunction preceded by a comma. George Washington Carver was born a slave, but he became an important scientist.

Within a sentence, ideas can be connected by combining various Within sentence elements: subjects, verbs, objects, modifiers, etc The conjunction is adequate and no comma is required. The William Howard Taft served as President and Cheif Justice of the Supreme Court.

Subordinating shows that one idea depends on another in some way: Subordinating a chronological development, a cause-and-effect relationship, a effect conditional relationship, etc. Because Nixon resigned, Ford became President.

An appositive is a re-identification of something in the text identification It is usually a parenthetical element that is set off by commas It David Cornwell, a former British spy, writes mystery novels.

Integrate the idea of one sentence into a larger structure by turning Integrate that idea into a modifying phrase. Hoping for good luck, Robert travelled to Las Vegas.

An absolute phrase consists of a subject and a participle An It usually appears as a parenthetical modifier at the beginning of a It sentence and is set of by a comma. Her horse galloping, Jane raced back to the ranch.

Created by David Barbero for Tch Ed 5310 Source: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/combining_skills.htm

Conjunction Words

Coordinating conjunctions Connect two independent clauses FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Subordinating conjunctions after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though if if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while

Created by David Barbero for TCH ED 5310 Source: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conjunctions.htm

Name: _________________________________________________________ Score: __________ Practice Exercises

1. Combine the following sentences into one compound sentence, using correct punctuation and a coordinating conjunction. Mary likes to study math. Mary wants to become an accountant.

2. Combine elements of the following sentences to form a single sentence, using correct punctuation. Julio has earned a music scholarship. Julio has earned an academic scholarship. Julio has earned a community service scholarship.

3. Combine the following sentences by subordinating one to the other, using correct punctuation and a subordinating conjunction. Show a cause-and-effect relationship. Mark did not do his homework. Mark did not pass the final exam.

4. Combine the following sentences by embedding one of them as an appositive phrase, using correct punctuation. Sarah is the captain of the hockey team. Sarah led the hockey team to the championship.

Created by David Barbero for TCH ED 5310

5. Combine the following sentences by turning one into a participial phrase, using correct punctuation. Jamal was cleaning his room. Jamal found the wristwatch he had lost.

6. Combine the following sentences by turning one into an absolute phrase, using correct punctuation. Franks car battery was dead. Frank pushed his car home from the Michelles house.