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CHAPTR 16: PRI AN COMPROMIS: (2) TH BOAR AN TH


CABINT


TLe cuse Iov gvuduu!Ism
Tho dIsngroomonf ovor fho fronfmonf of now cnsos durIng fho IIquIdnfIon of
fho sfnndsfIII wns formnIIy roorfod fo ChnmborInIn, ns chnIrmnn of fho
cnbInof commIffoo, In n momornndum by Irown nccomnnIod by n dIssonfIng
nofo from fho bonrd. ChnmborInIn`s rIvnfo socrofnry, Iorgusson, commonfod
on Irown`s momornndum:
Tho fIrsf 35 nrngrnhs oxInIn fho vnrIous oInfs on whIch ho nnd fho
Ionrd hnvo ronchod ngroomonf, I.o. fhoro Is n Iong IIsf of concossIons by
fho Ionrd fo onso fho MInIsfor`s oIIfIcnI dIffIcuIfIos, mnny of whIch
couId hnrdIy bo jusfIfIod on morIfs. In nrngrnhs 36 fo 46 fho MInIsfor
sofs ouf hIs sIdo of fho cnso on fho oInf on whIch ho nnd fho Ionrd
romnIn In comIofo dIsngroomonf, nnmoIy, fho vIfnI Issuo of fho
IIquIdnfIon of fho SfnndsfIII.
Iorgusson suggosfod fhnf fho ChnncoIIor shouId, ovon now, fry fo orsundo
Irown fhnf ho musf ronch ngroomonf wIfh fho Ionrd nnd fhnf fhoro wns no
chnnco of fInnIIy rosoIvIng fho sfnndsfIII whIIo now vosfod Inforosfs woro boIng
cronfod onch wook. Ho concIudod:
I cnnnof hoI fhInkIng from whnf I hnvo honrd from fho MInIsfry of
!nbour fhnf fho MInIsfor`s ronI nffIfudo, fhough ho cnrofuIIy nvoIds
snyIng so, Is fhnf fhoro Is nofhIng much fho mnffor wIfh fho rosonf
SfnndsfIII nnd fhnf If hnd much boffor bo Ioff roffy woII nIono. ThIs wIII
of courso mnko nbsoIufo nonsonso of fho !nomIoymonf Acf nnd fho
vnrIous nsf docInrnfIons of yoursoIf nnd ofhor mombors of fho
Covornmonf. If wouId nIso bo quIfo IndofonsIbIo on gonornI socInI,
oconomIc nnd ndmInIsfrnfIvo grounds.
l

ChnmborInIn ngrood wIfh Iorgusson fhnf fho dIsufo musf, If ossIbIo, bo kof
ouf of fho cnbInof commIffoo whIch, If consuIfod, wouId robnbIy docIdo In
fnvour of Irown. Ho docIdod fo brIng In n modInfor: fho Homo Socrofnry, SIr
John SImon. SImon rovod nn unforfunnfo choIco, nIIowIng hIs judgmonf fo bo
swnyod by fho confondIng nrfIos fIrsf In ono dIrocfIon nnd fhon In fho ofhor.
Ho wns nf fIrsf Imrossod by fho nrgumonfs ngnInsf nssImIInfIon buf wns fhon
orsundod by fho MInIsfry of !nbour fhnf fhoro wns ronI doubf ns fo whofhor
fho bonrd`s roosnIs fuIfIIIod fho mnnIfosfo Iodgo of grndunIIsm. In fho nrons
of Soufh WnIos whoro fho robIom wns gronfosf, ho wrofo, fho hnrshor
fronfmonf of nn occnsIonnI 'now` cnso wIII bo IncomrohonsIbIo fo fho
IndIvIdunI nnd vory dIffIcuIf for fho AdvIsory CommIffoo fo nrovo. Ho
fhoroforo fnvourod nssImIInfIon, subjocf fo n roInfIvoIy shorf fImo IImIf: If fho
now roguInfIons commoncod on l Juno l936, fho fImo IImIf for brIngIng nII
cnsos, now nnd oId, undor fhom mIghf bo l ArII l93?.
2
Irown, howovor,
InsIsfod fhnf fhoro shouId bo no fIxod fImo IImIf, nf Ionsf for fho moro dIffIcuIf
nrons, nnd SImon obIIgIngIy concurrod. A fImo IImIf, ho foId ChnmborInIn, wns

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undosIrnbIo, nnd from fho oInf of vIow of rosorvIng ubIIc ordor,
osIfIvoIy dnngorous. If Is cnIcuInfod fo Iond fo ronrnfIons for
orgnnIsod domonsfrnfIons whIch mny gnIn In InfonsIfy durIng fho wInfor
nnd Iond, by wny of rocossIons fo !ondon or oIsowhoro, fo n vory ugIy
cIImnx In CoronnfIon yonr.
3


AssImIInfIon wIfhouf n fImo IImIf, ImIyIng nn IndofInIfo oxfonsIon of fho
nnomnIIos orofunfod by fho sfnndsfIII, wns fho oIIcy Ionsf IIkoIy fo
commond IfsoIf fo fho bonrd. Ifs mombors woro dIvIdod In fhoIr roncfIons.
Jonos nnd Mnrkhnm sfIII oosod nssImIInfIon on nny forms nnd woro
confomInfIng rosIgnnfIon. Mnrkhnm wrofo fo Jonos:
I nm nof ronrod fo fnco fho ndmInIsfrnfIvo chnos fhnf wouId rosuIf
from fho MInIsfor`s schomo. I shnn`f yIoId nf fho Ionrd nnd If wo nro
mndo fo submIf If wIII bo n good chnnco fo sII ouf.
4

HnIIsworfh shnrod Indy`s vIow fhnf, whnfovor fho morIfs of fho cnso, If wns
nof n rosIgnnfIon Issuo. SInco Irown wouId gof hIs own wny In fho ond, ho
nrguod, fho bosf oIIcy wns fo gIvo wny now nnd show fhnf fhoy woro nnxIous
fo work wIfh hIm.
5
Indy wrofo fo Jonos urgIng hIm nof fo rosIgn nnd sfrossIng
fho dIffIcuIfy of fho bonrd`s osIfIon If fho dIsngroomonf woro fo bocomo ubIIc:
If fho Ionrd docIdo fo mnInfnIn fhoIr rosonf nffIfudo, fho onIy IIno
uIfImnfoIy oon fo fhom Is fo submIf drnff !oguInfIons wIfhouf
nssImIInfIon. I fhInk - fhough I cnnnof bo suro - fhnf fho MInIsfor wouId
hnvo IIffIo hosIfnfIon In InsorfIng nssImIInfIon, robnbIy wIfhouf n fImo
IImIf. Thon wo hnvo fo mnko our commonfs on fhIs, nnd hIs roosnI
wIfh hIs ronsons for If, nnd our commonfs, nro ubIIshod. Af fho momonf
I cnnnof vIsunIIso fho drnffIng of our commonfs In such n wny ns wouId
uf fho MInIsfor In fho wrong or nvoId fho concIusIon fhnf fho Ionrd nro
odnnfIc, nnd woddod fo fho Idon of rIgId roguInfIons, nnd fhnf fhoy nro
nof concornod wIfh fho InoquIfy of fronfIng ooIo In fho snmo nron on n
dIfforonf bnsIs. Af nny rnfo I wouId rnfhor hnvo IhIIIIs` job In drnffIng
fho MInIsfor`s cnso fhnn our own.
6

Tho mnjorIfy of bonrd mombors, howovor, romnInod unwIIIIng, ns VIoIof
Mnrkhnm uf If, fo go ouf nnd offer fo cuf our own fhronfs. Sho susocfod
fhnf Sfrohmongor nnd Indy hnd gof If nII fIxod u wIfh IhIIIIs In fImo for
nn ndjournmonf dobnfo In fho Houso of Commons, whoro Irown hnd nIrondy
boon crIfIcIsod for fho doIny In roducIng now roguInfIons.
?

SImon`s InforvonfIon hnvIng fnIIod fo roduco nn nccofnbIo comromIso,
ChnmborInIn Inunchod n now InIfInfIvo. HIs fnvourIfo froubIo-shoofor, SIr
Hornco WIIson, convonod n fo-IovoI moofIng of offIcInIs on l? ArII: IhIIIIs,
Indy, Joffroy from fho ScoffIsh OffIco nnd InrIow from fho Tronsury woro
rosonf. If wns nn nsfufo movo. If ngroomonf couId bo ronchod nf ormnnonf
socrofnry IovoI, fho mInIsfors nnd fho bonrd wouId fInd If dIffIcuIf fo rojocf.
Indy foId fho moofIng fhnf fho bonrd wouId nof nccof nssImIInfIon wIfhouf n
dofInIfo fImo IImIf.
8
Tho offIcInIs ngrood fo rocommond n fImo IImIf of l2
monfhs, sfnrfIng from l Ocfobor l936. Tho ndvIsory commIffoos wouId bo
nskod fo rocommond how, In onch nron, nIIownncos woro fo bo rogrossIvoIy

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broughf Info IIno wIfh fho now roguInfIons ovor fhnf orIod. urIng fho
frnnsIfIon, oId nnd now cnsos wouId bo fronfod subsfnnfInIIy nIIko, buf nof fo
fho oxfonf of nyIng now nIIcnnfs grossIy oxcossIvo nIIownncos - moro fhnn
l0s. n wook nbovo fho housohoId`s noods. Tho cufs wouId bogIn wIfh young
mon IIvIng nf homo or In IodgIngs. AIIcnnfs wouId bo gIvon fwo wooks` nofIco
fo onnbIo fhom fo nonI.
9

Irown nccofod fho roosnI, whIch wns fhon rosonfod fo fho bonrd. Tom
Jonos, In n cnrofuIIy ronrod sooch, nrguod fhnf fo nccof fhnf fho sfnndnrd
judgod by fho bonrd fo bo fuIIy ndoqunfo fo moof nood shouId bo roIncod, for
fho fIrsf yonr, by nII fho nnomnIIos nnd nbusos of fho sfnndsfIII, subjocf onIy fo
mInor modIfIcnfIons, wouId bo InyIng oIIfIcs nnd concodIng fhnf ono of fho
bonrd`s dufIos wns fo rogIsfor fho wIshos of fho mInIsfor. Tho ofhor mombors,
howovor, woro ronrod fo soffIo for fho Hornco WIIson comromIso. VIoIof
Mnrkhnm, whIIo sfrossIng fho objocfIons fo nssImIInfIon, fho dnngors of
ImIyIng fhnf nymonfs u fo l0s. nbovo fho roguInfIon rnfos woro n
rosocfnbIo nbuso nnd fho rIsk fhnf fho fImo IImIf mIghf furn ouf fo bo
IIIusory, docInrod fhnf sho wouId nccof fho roosnIs If Informod fhnf for
oIIfIcnI ronsons fho CnbInof fhoughf fhIs nocossnry. On fhnf bnsIs, fho bonrd
ngrood fo submIf fo oIIfIcnI rossuro whIIo ronffIrmIng fhoIr unnnImous
roforonco for fhoIr own roosnIs.
l0

WIfh fho bonrd`s comIInnco nssurod, Irown hnd no dIffIcuIfy In orsundIng
fho cnbInof commIffoo fo ondorso fho roosnIs for IIquIdnfIon of fho sfnndsfIII,
nIfhough fho fImo IImIf Infor hnd fo bo oxfondod from fwoIvo fo oIghfoon
monfhs fo moof fho domnnds of fho cnbInof. ArovnI of fho drnff roguInfIons
ns n whoIo, howovor, wns nnofhor mnffor. Onco ngnIn, ns In l934, ngroomonf
bofwoon fho bonrd nnd fho MInIsfor of !nbour wns nof onough.

P!ucutIng tLe Scots
As In l934, fho mnIn objocfIons cnmo from CoIIIns nnd fho ofhor ScoffIsh
mInIsfors. ThoIr dIsconfonf focusod on fho oxocfod Imncf of fho roguInfIons
In ScofInnd, buf If wns roInforcod by ovonfs In Irnnco. Tho oIocfornI vIcfory of
fho Ironch ouInr fronf In ArII l936, fho occunfIon of fncforIos by mIIIfnnf
workors nnd n sorIos of hnsfy concossIons fo fhoIr domnnds woro nII soon ns n
dIro wnrnIng fo fho IrIfIsh govornmonf. !ushcIIffo foId VIoIof Mnrkhnm If wns
n mnffor of hIsfory fhnf nn uhonvnI In Irnnco nIwnys hns roorcussIons
horo. Mnrkhnm wrofo ossImIsfIcnIIy fo Jonos nf fho bogInnIng of Juno:
ThIs sIfunfIon whIch hns bIown u so suddonIy In Irnnco hns, ns I soo If,
kIIIod fho ossIbIIIfy of ,3 !oguInfIons of fho sorf confomInfod by fho
l934 Acf. o Covornmonf wIfh rovoIufIon on hnnd noxf door Is goIng ouf
fo nsk for froubIo wIfh fho workIng cInssos. Our !oguInfIons hnvo
ronchod fho oxfromo oInf of gonorosIfy ns n nnfIonnI scnIo. Ivon so fhoy
rosuIf In mnny cufs. I soo nofhIng for If buf nn nmondmonf of fho Acf
whIch wIII rovIdo for n sfnndnrd scnIo buf nIIow IocnIIfIos nf 9eir ou3
expe38e fo vnry fho nymonfs.
ll

If wns In fhIs nfmoshoro fhnf fho cnbInof commIffoo scrufInIsod fho roosod
roguInfIons nf n sorIos of moofIngs bofwoon Mny ll nnd Juno l9, boforo fhoy

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woro submIffod ns nmondod fo fho fuII cnbInof on Juno 25, whon ChnmborInIn
urgod fhoIr nccofnnco howovor sovoro fho crIfIcIsm nnd uronr mIghf bo
whIIo ofhor mInIsfors roforrod fo fho ossIbIIIfy of sorIous dIsfurbnncos, rIofIng
nnd bIoodshod.
l2
!ushcIIffo nnd Sfrohmongor woro fwIco summonod fo dofond
fho roosnIs In orson, fIrsf fo fho cnbInof commIffoo nnd fhon fo fho fuII
cnbInof.
Ioforo fho cnbInof commIffoo commoncod Ifs dIscussIons, CoIIIns, nccomnnIod
by fho !ndor-Socrofnry of Sfnfo for ScofInnd, H J Scrymgoour-Woddorburn
(Infor InrI of undoo), mof Sfrohmongor nnd Indy. VIoIof Mnrkhnm roorfod
fo Jonos:
Thoy don`f IIko fho ronf ruIo, fhoy don`f IIko fho onrnIngs ruIo, fhoy don`f
IIko fho scnIo; In fncf fhoy wnnf ovory nbuso sfnbIIIsod nf Ifs hIghosf
fIguro.
Indy wonf so fnr yosfordny ns fo foII mo fhnf ho hood fhnf fho Ionrd
wouId rosIgn soonor fhnn moof domnnds of fhIs kInd.
l3

Sho hnd horsoIf nIrondy foId !ushcIIffo fhnf sho wouId rosIgn rnfhor fhnn
nccof nny furfhor humIIInfIons.
l4
!ushcIIffo, howovor, wns nof ronrod fo
sInm fho door on fho ScoffIsh mInIsfors. Mnrkhnm ns usunI confIdod hor
fooIIngs fo Jonos:
I cnn`f undorsfnnd Hnrry. Ho sooms rondy fo rosIgn nnd fooIs suIfnbIy
nnd roorIy nbouf fho sIzo of hIs snInry. Iuf whon I nskod hIm fodny fo
foIohono Irown nnd foII hIm fho Ionrd wns sfnndIng IIko n rock on Ifs
ngroomonf wIfh hIm nnd wouId onforfnIn no furfhor concossIons - ho
wouId nof do nnyfhIng.
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ConornI oInIon, Jonos wrofo In hIs dInry, Is fhnf CoIIIns Is bofh knnvo nnd
fooI,
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buf fhoro woro good grounds for CoIIIns` concorn nbouf fho cufs oxocfod
In ScofInnd. Tho nduIf scnIo rnfos, ho oInfod ouf, comnrod unfnvournbIy wIfh
oxIsfIng rncfIco In nonrIy nII ScoffIsh IndusfrInI nrons oxcof Abordoon; nnd
nIfhough mnrrIod couIos wouId bo rofocfod fo somo oxfonf by fho fnII-bnck,
fhIs wouId nof rovonf cufs rosuIfIng from fho ronf ruIo or fho monns fosf. Tho
fronfmonf of onrnIngs wouId bo roInfIvoIy gonorous for mombors of n fnmIIy
onrnIng 40s. n wook or moro (fhough ovon In fhoso cnsos If wouId rosuIf In cufs
of 3s. n wook In n numbor of nrons IncIudIng CInsgow); buf whoro fhoro woro
young onrnors brIngIng In 20s. n wook or Ioss, fho cufs In mosf nrons wouId bo
moro gonornI nnd somofImos consIdornbIo.
l?
Ivon Indy hnd fo ndmIf fhnf fho
Scofs woro nof moroIy fryIng fo rosorvo IndofonsIbIo nbusos. Ho foId Tom
Jonos:
Tho nbusos In ScofInnd nro nof ns sorIous ns fhoy nro In WnIos or In
nrfs of IngInnd. Thoro Is fhIs fo bo snId for fho WoIsh, fhnf fhoro Is n
corfnIn hIgh nbnndon whon fhoy rnId fho bordor! Tho Scofch, In n moro
cnIcuInfIng wny, snonk fhroo or four shIIIIngs on onch cnso. Of courso If
mnkos If much moro dIffIcuIf fo cIonr u fhnf sIfunfIon bocnuso fho
numbors of cnsos nffocfod nro numorous, nnd fho nmounf of fho

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dIfforonco Is nof such fhnf wo cnn rosf n gonornI nrgumonf uon fho
Indoconcy of fho nymonf.
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SfIII moro sIgnIfIcnnf, bocnuso onfIroIy ouf of chnrncfor, wns fho nffIfudo of fho
Tronsury, whoro If wns ndmIffod rIvnfoIy fhnf somofhIng mIghf hnvo fo bo
dono fo moof CoIIIns` objocfIons fo fho ronf ruIo nf Ionsf.
l9

Whon fho cnbInof commIffoo mof on ll Mny, Irown oxInInod fhnf, whIIo
ImmodInfo nIIcnfIon of fho now roguInfIons fo fho 665,000 ooIo fhon In
rocoIf of nIIownncos wouId roduco 225,000 cufs, fho grndunI IIquIdnfIon of
fho sfnndsfIII nnd fho concossIons IIkoIy fo bo rocommondod by fho IocnI
ndvIsory commIffoos undor fho ronf ruIo wouId robnbIy roduco fho numbor of
cufs fo nbouf l50,000 (ho omIffod fo monfIon fhnf fhIs fIguro oxcIudod now
cnsos whIch wouId bonofIf from nssImIInfIon, nddIng fo fho numbor of cufs fo
bo mndo Infor). CoIIIns roIIod fhnf fho roorfIon of cufs wouId bo hIghor In
ScofInnd nnd fhnf ho wns nof ronrod fo dofond fho IndofonsIbIo - n
roforonco fo fho numbor of cufs In nrons such ns !nnnrkshIro whoro
frnnsIfIonnI nymonfs hnd nof boon ndmInIsforod oxfrnvngnnfIy. If wns ngrood
fhnf Irown nnd CoIIIns shouId hnvo furfhor dIscussIons, In consuIfnfIon wIfh
fho bonrd, nbouf fho nIIcnfIon of fho roguInfIons fo ScofInnd.
20

Affor moofIng fho ScoffIsh mInIsfors fho foIIowIng dny, Irown wns roorfod fo
consIdor fho ronf ruIo n Iosf cnuso. Ho wns nIso snId fo bo ronrod fo
comromIso on fho onrnIngs ruIo, buf nof on fho ScoffIsh domnnd for fho
rnIsIng of fho nIIownnco for n sIngIo mnn from l5s. fo fho bonofIf rnfo of l?s.
2l

Tho bonrd, If wns cIonr, wns ngnIn goIng fo bo undor sfrong rossuro fo modIfy
Ifs roosnIs. Mnrkhnm wrofo fo Jonos on l? Mny (sho hnd boon unnbIo fo
confncf hIm bocnuso, unknown fo hor, ho wns conforrIng wIfh AdoIf HIfIor In
MunIch ns nn unoffIcInI rorosonfnfIvo of fho IrImo MInIsfor): I hnd n fnIk fo
Indy nnd If wns cIonr fo mo fhnf ho Is ronrIng n frosh IIno of rofronf for fho
Ionrd. I wnrnod hIm fhnf somo of us woro vory nonr bronkIng oInf.
22

On ronfs, nf Ionsf, fho Scofs hnd n sfrong cnso. Tho roosod ruIo orofunfod
fho nssumfIon fhnf ono-qunrfor of fho scnIo nIIownncos wns for ronf. Tho IocnI
ndvIsory commIffoos woro fo rocommond how ronfs whIch dIfforod from fhIs
sfnndnrd shouId bo fronfod, nnd fho bonrd hnd nIrondy ngrood fhnf, for smnII
housohoIds, fho fIrsf 3s. n wook by whIch ncfunI ronf foII shorf of fho sfnndnrd
shouId bo Ignorod. In ScofInnd, howovor, mosf ronfs wouId bo boIow fho
sfnndnrd IovoI. CoIIIns fhoroforo roosod n sImIInr rofocfIon (ono-fhIrd of fho
bnsIc ronf nIIownnco, wIfh n mInImum of 3s.) for Inrgor fnmIIIos.
23
Tho bonrd
oInfod ouf fhnf fho ndvIsory commIffoos couId gIvo hIm roughIy whnf ho
wnnfod for ScofInnd nf n cosf of nbouf l00,000, whIIo n concossIon nIyIng
nufomnfIcnIIy fo fho whoIo counfry wouId cosf nbouf 500,000.
24
A vnrIofy of
nIfornnfIvos woro uf forwnrd by offIcInIs nnd mInIsfors; nf fho noxf moofIng of
fho cnbInof commIffoo, Indy wrofo, If rnInod sfnfIsfIcs nnd formuIno,
Innccurnfo nnd mIsIondIng, fo MInIsfors nIrondy fhoroughIy fIrod.
25
Tho
formuIn fInnIIy ndofod wns dovIsod by Hudson`s succossor ns InrIInmonfnry
Socrofnry nf fho MInIsfry of !nbour, CoIonoI Anfhony MuIrhond: fo gIvo fho
IocnI ndvIsory commIffoos fho owor fo rocommond nof onIy fho fronfmonf of
dIfforoncos bofwoon fho ncfunI ronf nnd fho bnsIc ronf nIIownnco buf nIso fho
IovoI of fho bnsIc ronf nIIownnco IfsoIf, whIch fhoy couId sof nf Ioss fhnn ono-

l6/6
qunrfor of fho scnIo rnfos In nrons of Iow ronfs (n Iowor bnsIc ronf nIIownnco
wouId nufomnfIcnIIy roduco nny cufs on nccounf of Iow ronf).
26
Indy Informod
IhIIIIs on 8 Juno fhnf, of fho vnrIous suggosfIons, MuIrhond`s wns cIososf fo
fho bonrd`s nronch,
2?
nnd SIr Hornco WIIson commondod If fo ChnmborInIn.
28

If wns nrovod by fho bonrd on l0 Juno
29
nnd by fho cnbInof commIffoo on l9
Juno.
CoIIIns` domnnd fhnf fho l5s. rnfo for n sIngIo mnn (subjocf fo ndjusfmonf In
IndIvIdunI cnsos) shouId bo rnIsod fo fho mnIo unomIoymonf bonofIf rnfo of
l?s. wns moro sfrnIghfforwnrd.
34
If wns undonInbIo fhnf fho l5s. rnfo,
unndjusfod, wouId rosuIf In Inrgo numbors of cufs In ScofInnd, IncIudIng nonrIy
84 or conf of Iodgors on fho bonrd`s books In CInsgow nnd ovor 9? or conf In
InIkIrk.
30
InformnfIon coIIocfod by fho bonrd In CInsgow suggosfod fhnf l5s.
wns n ronsonnbIo ,;er,e, buf mnny sIngIo mon woro nyIng ns much or moro
for bonrd nnd IodgIng nIono.
3l
CoIIIns cInImod fhnf fwo ouf of fhroo young
Iodgors In ScofInnd nId l4s.-l5s. for bonrd nnd IodgIng.
32
Irown, In roIy,
oInfod fo fho mnny IndusfrInI nrons whoro fho frnnsIfIonnI nymonf rnfo for n
sIngIo mnn wns Ioss fhnn l?s. nnd Inrgo nrfs of ScofInnd whoro l?s. wouId bo
consIdorod oxfrnvngnnf.
33
Whon fho roosnIs ronchod fho cnbInof, howovor,
CoIIIns wns sfIII domnndIng l?s. for sIngIo mon In IodgIngs. Much wns mndo,
by IIIIof nnd ofhors, of fho fncf fhnf l5s. wns Ioss fhnn fho l5s.3d. fo whIch
unomIoymonf bonofIf hnd boon cuf In l93l. Irown roIIod fhnf fho sIfunfIon
wns onfIroIy dIfforonf from l93l: unomIoyod mon couId now bo offorod bofh
frnInIng nnd fho rosocf of subsoquonf omIoymonf. Ho rocnIIod fho roconf
scnndnI In SundorInnd whoro 9?3 sIngIo mon undor 35 hnd boon offorod
frnInIng for n somI-skIIIod job nnd onIy 92 hnd nccofod, nnd oxrossod fho
hoo fhnf sIngIo mon In IodgIngs wouId nof bo gIvon n onny moro fhnn wns
nocossnry.
34
If wns ngrood fhnf fho robIom wns bosf donIf wIfh by fho oxorcIso
of dIscrofIon In IndIvIdunI cnsos nnd, on fhIs bnsIs, fho l5s. rnfo wns nccofod.
35

Of fho chnngos rosuIfIng from fho cnbInof dIscussIons, fho ono mosf rosonfod
by fho bonrd wns fho roInxnfIon of fho monns fosf by n roInfIvoIy smnII Incronso
In fho nmounfs onrnors woro fo rofnIn for fhoIr orsonnI noods. Tho
rosonfmonf wns duo Ioss fo fho ncfunI offocfs of fho chnngo fhnn fo fho mnnnor
In whIch If wns concodod. Tho bonrd hnd nIrondy rovIsod fho formuIn roosod
In fho Mny momornndum for onrnors ofhor fhnn fho nIIcnnf`s souso or
nronf. Tho roosnI In Ifs Infosf form wns fhnf fho fIrsf l4s. of onrnIngs (l2s.
for onrnors undor 2l) nnd hnIf fho onrnIngs nbovo fhnf IovoI shouId bo
dIsrognrdod; fho roosnI fo fronf fho onrnIngs of brofhors nnd sIsfors moro
gonorousIy fhnn fhoso of sons nnd dnughfors hnd boon drood.
36
Tho combInod
offocf sfIII comnrod vory fnvournbIy wIfh fho nmounfs nIIowod undor fho
oxIsfIng roguInfIons. !ndor fho frnnsIfIonnI nymonfs schomo, howovor, mnny
ScoffIsh IocnI nufhorIfIos hnd dIsrognrdod nf Ionsf 20s. of onrnIngs In such
cnsos, somo ns much ns 25s., fhough fho nmounf dIsrognrdod for n socond
onrnor wns gonornIIy Ioss.
3?
CoIIIns domnndod n dIsrognrd of 20s. Ius hnIf fho
oxcoss. Irown, nnronfIy wIfhouf consuIfIng fho bonrd, offorod n dIsrognrd of
l?s. for nduIf onrnors nnd l4s. for fhoso undor 2l, Ius hnIf fho oxcoss In onch
cnso.
38
CoIIIns offorod fo soffIo for l?s. on fwo condIfIons: fhnf onrnors ngod l8
or ovor shouId bo fronfod ns nduIfs for fhIs uroso, nnd fhnf onrnIngs u fo

l6/?
20s. shouId bo fuIIy rofocfod, fho dIsrognrd of l?s. Ius hnIf fho oxcoss
nIyIng onIy fo fhoso onrnIng ovor 20s.
On honrIng of fhIs roosnI, fho bonrd offorod nnofhor comromIso. WhIIo
objocfIng fo fho IIno bofwoon nduIfs nnd juvonIIos boIng drnwn nf l8, whon
bofh unomIoymonf Insurnnco nnd fho bonrd`s scnIo fronfod 2l ns fho ngo of
nduIfhood, fhoy woro ronrod fo nccof n mInImum onrnIngs dIsrognrd of l6s.
for fhoso ngod l8-2l, hnIf wny bofwoon fho l2s. dIsrognrd for undor-l8s nnd
fho 20s. domnndod by CoIIIns for nduIfs.
39
Tho cnbInof commIffoo ngrood,
dosIfo CoIIIns` oosIfIon. Whon Ifs concIusIons woro rosonfod fo fho fuII
cnbInof, howovor, CoIIIns rocoIvod moro suorf. !ushcIIffo nnd Sfrohmongor
woro nskod fo oxInIn why fho l8-2l grou shouId bo dIscrImInnfod ngnInsf.
!ushcIIffo oxInInod fhnf fo nIy fho snmo ruIo fo fhom ns fo nduIfs wouId bo
confrnry fo fho fncfs of workIng cInss homo IIfo. Wns If rIghf, ho nskod, fhnf n
young mnn undor 2l onrnIng 20s. n wook shouId mnko no confrIbufIon
whnfovor fo fho oxonsos of fho housohoId
40
In vIow of fho urgonf nood fo
ronch ngroomonf, ChnmborInIn now roosod n furfhor concossIon whIch wonf
mosf of fho wny fo moofIng CoIIIns` domnnds: fhnf nII onrnors ovor l8 shouId
bo nIIowod fo rofnIn fho fIrsf l6s. of fhoIr wookIy onrnIngs Ius hnIf fho oxcoss,
wIfh n mInImum of 20s., whIIo fhoso undor l8 wouId bo nIIowod l2s. Ius hnIf
fho oxcoss. !ushcIIffo nnd Sfrohmongor wnrnod fhnf fho bonrd foIf vory
sfrongIy on fho quosfIon of dIscrImInnfIng bofwoon nduIfs nnd ndoIosconfs.
Iofh !ushcIIffo nnd ChnmborInIn suggosfod nIfornnfIvos gIvIng somofhIng
oxfrn fo young onrnors wIfhouf goIng so fnr ns fo dIsrognrd onfIroIy onrnIngs of
20s. or Ioss. Iuf fhoro wns no goIng bnck on ChnmborInIn`s offor, whIch wns
duIy nccofod. If fho ChnncoIIor of fho Ixchoquor wns ronrod fo bo gonorous,
how couId ofhor mInIsfors rofuso
Tho cnbInof domnndod ono ofhor chnngo: nn oxfonsIon of fho fImo IImIf for
IIquIdnfIng fho sfnndsfIII from fwoIvo fo oIghfoon monfhs. Af fho cnbInof
moofIng on Juno 29 fo whIch !ushcIIffo nnd Sfrohmongor hnd boon InvIfod,
SfnnIoy suggosfod fhnf fho fImo IImIf shouId bo romovod nIfogofhor, buf fho
mnjorIfy nccofod !ushcIIffo`s vIow fhnf wIfhouf n fImo IImIf If wouId bo
dIffIcuIf fo orsundo fho ndvIsory commIffoos fo co-oornfo In brIngIng fho
sfnndsfIII fo nn ond. ChnmborInIn suggosfod fhnf fho bonrd mIghf bo gIvon fho
owor fo oxfond fho IImIf In IndIvIdunI cnsos, buf !ushcIIffo roIIod fhnf, If fho
bonrd hnd fo chooso bofwoon fhIs nnd n gonornI oxfonsIon fo oIghfoon monfhs,
fhoy wouId rofor fho Inffor.
4l

Tho bonrd mof fho foIIowIng dny, Juno 30, fo consIdor fho Infosf roosod
chnngos In fho drnff roguInfIons. VIoIof Mnrkhnm wns nbsonf, hor husbnnd,
JIm Cnrrufhors, hnvIng dIod fho rovIous wookond. Hnd sho boon rosonf, If Is
ossIbIo fhnf fho fhronfs of rosIgnnfIon, so offon roonfod by hor nnd Tom
Jonos, wouId hnvo boon cnrrIod ouf. IossIbIo, buf nof robnbIo; for, hnvIng
gIvon wny on so mnny ofhor oInfs, nnd wIfh fho Iong-nwnIfod gonI of n frosh
sfnrf undor now roguInfIons now wIfhIn ronch, If Is hnrd fo ImngIno fhnf fhoy
wouId hnvo rosIgnod on whnf woro In ronIIfy mnffors of rIdo rnfhor fhnn of
rIncIIo. Tom Jonos doscrIbod fhoIr dIIommn In n dInry onfry:
... fho oosIfIon wns boughf off by fho ChnncoIIor of fho Ixchoquor
onsIng fho InrnIngs !uIo nnd ombrncIng young mon of l8 Insfond of 2l

l6/8
nf n cosf of somo hundrods of fhousnnds of ounds. ThIs wns rocoIvod
wIfh onfhusInsm by fho CnbInof, nnd whnf cnn n moro Ionrd do In fho
rosonco of n wonk nnd rofIIgnfo ChnncoIIor of fho Ixchoquor. Wo
wouId bo gIbbofod for sfnndIng bofwoon hIs gonorosIfy nnd fho sfnrvIng
unomIoyod. ovorfhoIoss I rofosfod vIgorousIy cnIfuInfIon, nnd urgod
fhnf fho rossuro uf on us wns such fhnf fho Ionrd wns suorfIuous
nnd whnf fho CnbInof wnnfod wns fnmo nnd obodIonf CIvII Sorvnnfs.
V.M.`s nbsonco mndo mnffors dIffIcuIf. I couId nof offocfIvoIy rosIgn
nIono. !oynnrd wns doIIghfod wIfh fho concossIons. HnIIsworfh In n
qunndnry. Tho ChnIrmnn ngrood wIfh my vIows buf dIsngrood fhnf now
wns fho momonf for rosIgnnfIon. Of courso If novor Is.
42

Irown wns so confIdonf of fho bonrd`s ncquIosconco fhnf ho Informod fho Houso
of Commons fhnf dny fhnf ho oxocfod fo Iny fho drnff roguInfIons fwo wooks
Infor, on l4 JuIy.
43
Iuf fho bonrd ndjournod wIfhouf ronchIng n docIsIon,
ngrooIng fo moof ngnIn fwo dnys Infor. In dosornfIon, Indy wrofo fhnf ovonIng
fo Jonos (orhns nIso fo ofhor bonrd mombors, buf onIy fho Ioffor fo Jonos hns
como fo IIghf), urgIng hIm nof fo nbnndon fho bonrd whon If wns nf Insf fo bo
nIIowod fo ndmInIsfor fho schomo on Ifs own rosonsIbIIIfy:
As for your fooIIng fhnf you nro boIng nskod fo submIf !oguInfIons
whIch nro wrong, I cnn`f foIIow you nnd Sfroh on fhIs. HIsforIcnIIy
nssIsfnnco fo fho oor hns nIwnys rofIocfod fho nvorngo fomor of fho
fImo. I shouId hnvo fhoughf fhnf our roosnIs - ovon wIfh fhIs onrnIngs
ruIo - do IIffIo moro fhnn fhIs - ovon If Indood fhoy do ns much. If wo, or
nnyono oIso, woro In n osIfIon fo offor omIoymonf fo fhoso nIIcnnfs,
wo couId nfford fo bo sfIff, nnd fo sfnnd ouf ngnInsf curronf
sonfImonfnIIfy. Iuf wo nro nof. Thoy musf IIvo on us, nnd on whnf wo
chooso fo gIvo fhom - osocInIIy fho oIdor mon (nnd fhoy nro fho onos
mosf nffocfod by fho onrnIngs ruIo). I do nof IIko fo hnvo on my
conscIonco nn InsIsfonco fhnf fhoy shnII, for somo socInI hIIosohy of
my own, bo comoIIod fo IIvo Ioss ronsonnbIy fhnn ubIIc oInIon Is
cIonrIy ronrod fo ny for.
44

To fho rngmnfIc Indy, whnf mnfforod mosf wns nof fho fIno rInf of fho
roguInfIons buf fho chnnco of rovIng fhnf fho bonrd In whIch ho hnd Invosfod
bofh hIs onorgy nnd hIs roufnfIon ns n comofonf ndmInIsfrnfor couId do fho
job for whIch If hnd boon dosIgnod - ndmInIsforIng nssIsfnnco fo fho
unomIoyod on n rnfIonnI nnd consIsfonf bnsIs ncross fho whoIo of Cronf
IrIfnIn - ovon If If couId nof fnko nssIsfnnco ouf of oIIfIcs. Whon fho bonrd
mof ngnIn on 2 JuIy, sfIII wIfhouf VIoIof Mnrkhnm, fhoy docIdod fhnf for fho
snko of formInnfIng n sIfunfIon whIch wns rofoundIy unsnfIsfncfory for fho
Ionrd, fhoy wouId bo wIIIIng fo IncIudo fho roosnIs mndo by fho CnbInof In
fhoIr drnff !oguInfIons, nnd fhnf fho MInIsfor shouId bo Informod
nccordIngIy.
45

In fncf, nIfhough moro fhnn n yonr of honfod dobnfo hnd oInsod sInco fho
bonrd hnd uf forwnrd Ifs own roosnIs In Mny l935, fho concossIons oxncfod
by fho oIIfIcInns dId nof InvoIvo nny mnjor Iong-form sncrIfIco of rIncIIo.
Tho oxfonsIon of fho frnnsIfIon from fho sfnndsfIII fo oIghfoon monfhs nnd fho
ngroomonf fo fronf now cnsos In subsfnnfInIIy fho snmo wny ns oId onos durIng

l6/9
fhnf orIod woro mnffors of shorf-form oxodIoncy. Tho docIsIons fo gIvo fho
ndvIsory commIffoos rosonsIbIIIfy for mnkIng rocommondnfIons on ronf
ndjusfmonfs, rurnI dIfforonfInfIon nnd fho hnsIng ouf of fho sfnndsfIII hnd
boon fnkon on mnInIy oIIfIcnI grounds, buf fho bonrd wns nof oosod fo
gIvIng fho commIffoos n roIo In nsocfs of oIIcy or ndmInIsfrnfIon on whIch
fhoro woro IogIfImnfo grounds for IocnI vnrInfIon. o chnngo hnd boon mndo In
fho scnIo rnfos roosod by fho bonrd, wIfh fho oxcofIon of fho 24s. rnfo for
couIos whIch wns fo bo rnIsod fo 26s. In corfnIn cnsos undor fho fnIIbnck
nrrnngomonf - fho ono chnngo whIch couId bo rognrdod ns whoIIy oIIfIcnI.
IInnIIy, fhoro woro fho roInxnfIons of fho housohoId monns fosf, rnIsIng fho
nmounf of whoIIy dIsrognrdod onrnIngs of nn nduIf son, dnughfor, brofhor or
sIsfor from l2s. fo 20s. ThIs wns fho mosf subsfnnfInI chnngo buf, dosIfo Ifs
objocfIon fo oxfondIng fho concossIon fo fho l8-2l ngo grou, fho bonrd ns n
whoIo hnd novor wnnfod fo nIy fho monns fosf wIfh unnocossnry sovorIfy.
Tho bonrd`s soIf-rosocf hnd fnkon n furfhor sovoro buffofIng ovor fho monfhs
of hnggIIng nnd dIssonf, buf fho roguInfIons hnd omorgod In n form whIch gnvo
ovory ronson fo hoo fhnf fhoy couId bo ImIomonfod wIfhouf n roofIfIon of
fho ovonfs of Iobrunry l935.



Reinventing the dole. a history of the Unemployment Assistance Board 1934-1940 by Tony Lynes
is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy oI this
license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444
Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, CaliIornia, 94041, USA.

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