LECTURE 1 Learning Outcomes: Why is approach the right way to go for what you want to ask Analysis portfolio

io (in-depth interviews)

N vivo program (3 full day course). This course is not for N vivo training. Assessment Interview Schedule, Interview and Transcript (hurdle) not marked o Gender definition o Must be a class member (does not have ethical clearance) Seminar Presentations (10%) o Exposure to range of qual data o Discussion of papers Analysis Folio (45%) o DUE 22 OCTOBER 2011 o Understanding and application of approach (three) o E.g. Interview (thematic), discourse, and visual o Broadly gender o Different styles of thinking Final Paper (45%) o DUE 4 NOVEMBER 2011 o Three analyses conducted to explore GENDER Submission via email or hardcopy (make sure date stamp) David Silverman book google books Doing qualitative analysis Robert Yin (Google book)

LECTURE 2a Natural setting everyday life. Go to where people are, i.e. home, workplace etc Expression of participants views. Not about how many, but what they think is important. Human as instrument subjective vs objective Flexibility, emergent and iterative nature ethics committee struggle with this. They usually want to know exactly what variables. Participants the expert of their own life they tell their own story Constructivists perspective Cathy Charmiz. Interaction between researcher and research. Descartes informs positive method that dominates research today. Discussion of what is truth Evaluation methodology quantitative and qualitative methodology In science, you can never prove or disprove a concept. There is only support. 1980s a number of processes occurred to attempt to quantify qualitative analysis.

Current day, quantitative and qualitative research is not opposing or parallel forces. In fact, both are in the heart empirical and theoretical, and both are well grounded. Fifth moment new emerging methodologies, starting to look at new approaches. Sixth movement autoethnographies, discourse analyses etc. Seventh biographic, case studies Epistemology - whose reality are we measuring, and is this important Paradigm perspective when examining various issues. Assumptions that people make when undertaking quantitative or qualitative methodologies Methodology separate from method. The theory of your method. Overarching, why am I conducting the specific method. Methodological discussion is the theory behind the method (procedure, sample size) Ontology how do you know that what you get is the truth? Unlike quant, qual cannot be generalisation. However, with qual it is the truth for this particular group of people. Paradigms are the type of perspective that influences the questions you ask and the methods that you use to answer those questions. E.g. if you had a feminist background, your research and methodology would incorporate some of those values. Denzin and Lincoln couple of chapters on ebooks (bible)

LECTURE 2b Tenacity based on folklore. Truth because we know it to be the truth. Truths created by repetition Authority All doctors are competent (presumptive competence). That is why you go to a specialist. When you look at the medical profession, it creates many problems that could be prevented. Because there is authority, that is the truth. Measurable authority method of authority A priori before. E.g. environmental debate 2 eminent persons talking about truths from different processes Science is the logic of enquiry. Science privileges certain knowledge (those created through the scientific method) What is theory? o Tried and tested o Derived from phenomena o Explanation that has been tested and endurance

All research must have a theory. Not all the questions will be addressed in the same order or importance. What is the theoretical framework in which the study is being conducted? o E.g. young women not undertaking protective breast examination because they dont believe that they are in the risk category. Micro theory cognitive behavioural therapy Middle range finding similar results over time for different studies. E.g. Health belief model Grand theory mostly thought about in social research. Most major theorists have grand theories. Parsons (now classifies as middle range theorist) Karl Marx peoples struggle for power and control. Conflict structuralist between classes (Bourgeoisie and Proletariat) Durkheim social cohesion and agreement. Functionalism What do we do with deviant group of society Looked at suicide rate of Protestant versus Catholics in 1880s (this method is flawed). o In Catholicism, suicide was considered a sin. Therefore in Catholic couples, you will not be recorded as committing suicide. o Protestant countries did not have the same beliefs. Catholicism more community based, whereas Protestant is more individual based. Durkheim study of suicide used for young people today. In Western Victorian regional towns, the onset of McDonalds reduced the numbers of youth suicides, as it provided a common meeting group (social solidarity). This did not work when youth centres were in place o Micro theory Parsons functionalist Series of cogs must work together for machine to function. How do we stop society from breaking. How culture and knowledge informs culture. The Sick Role (what do we do when we are sick) Motivated sick role pretend to be sick (still have to do all of the functions of being sick) Foucault conflict structuralist Marxist thoughts relationship between knowledge and power and how this controls society. Surveillance Panopticon (central location where you see everyone). E.g. hospital (nurses), lecture theatre, prison (guard). Mead people as interpersonal processes

Parallels between Mead and Parsons Significant others interpret how one should act Looking glass self Goffman presentation of self (e.g. researchers interviewing about suicide) Lecturers, and how they present self. Goffman would say that they are actors on stage. Front of stage self (sympathy) and back of stage self (shock). This impacts on how you interact with the person. E.g. Priest in a confessional The Managed Heart Arlie Hochschild Goffmans concept has been used in call centres. Weber Interactionalist o Health administration on WW1 What we do have a purpose. How we engage in social systems. Traditional/Emotional Irrational (habit and demotion) o In social theory, do not accept meaning as they are o Magic healing o Ivan Illic Wertrational/Zwrecjrational Rational Habermas took Webers work and looked at capitalism in crisis Conflict between owner and recipient of welfare Idea of Rationalism (Paul Keating policy on getting people back into education) Individuals can actualise change within social context Ideal communication Mexico (Indigenous movement) Active agents in the medical encounter E.g. Using Google to self-diagnose. Hermeneutics meaning and interpretations. Theory/concept generating research - Inductive versus deductive (second point). Paradigms world view Positivism truth as absolute Critical emancipatory positions grounded theory is one Constructivism knowledge generated from researcher and participant. (e.g. gender is socially constructed, as they are different between time and place) Postmodernism no one truth, views the world as complex. Acknowledge that there are shifting understandings and perspectives. o Dichotomous or Trichotomous Multiple realities in postmodernism e.g. Transgendered people

Seminar Presentations PAPER 1 Gendering the migraine market: Do representation of illness matter? (Anne Marie Ashton) Visual Analysis pictures, image size, how they relate to text. Gender of people, number, age Key themes Discrepancies Text gender neutral would have strong gendered imagery Epidemiological mosaic Analysis back to theory story told Women seen as home makers Strong gendered messages found in the study All content analysis Limitation to the study did not interview patients with actual migraines, nor did it ask for input from practitioners

PAPER 2 Real men dont diet. Analysis of contemporary newspaper representations of men, food and health. (Kirsten Campbell) Content analysis of media documents How messages about men and their relationship with food was constructed Links to theories of masculinity How cultural objects draw from Historically located in contemporary view of masculinity Complementary method (reductionary thematic coding and discourse analysis) How a representative sample was sampled (scientific approach). Then used thematic coding and inductive reasoning to develop basis of analysis Discourse analysis to examine metaphors used in stories Language used (aggressive) Dilemmas faced in sampling (highlighted researchers subjective opinions in making these decisions). In coding, it was difficult to follow a fully inductive process without being influenced by researchers own paradigms and perspectives on masculinity. Limitation top down approach of culture influencing behaviour. No consultation with men. How realistic top-down representations are.

PAPER 3 Playful cards, serious talk: a qualitative research technique to elicit womens embodied experiences. (Kirsten Campbell). Interviewing techniques using cards Need to take womens lives and perspectives more seriously Cards initially used as icebreaker, but as study went on the cards were deemed to be more useful than the interview schedules. Method was useful as it linked the different topic areas.

Cards had a playful aspect made respondents feel more relaxed. Technique was flexible Limitation difficult to keep track of responses Required more detailed and complex recording Inconsistencies in length of responses interviewer needed to have strong probing skills

PAPER 4 Online dating and mating: perceptions of risk and health among online users. (Jodi Coppin) Behaviours and experiences of people using online dating Online in-depth interviews using MSN messenger o Could get transcript and written consent Cultural taboo surrounding sexual behaviour, therefore this method could encourage participation. Written dialogue not necessarily linear Required interviewers to understand this concept, probe appropriately Nuances within dialogue could be missed Accounts on respondents answers as facts Thematic analysis (reduction of themes) o Idiosyncratic Allow researchers to refine method Presented in participant statements Strength: easy to learn and use. Results are accessible to the general public. Allows for inductive analysis of data. Organise findings from large body of research. o Depth of explanation in result Limitations: lack of transparency. Sample was taken from researchers own experiences of online dating snowball.

Lecture 3 Look at literature Readings: Minich (author). Kvale Development of interview schedule look at literature. Thematic analysis Interview schedule should be a structured guide in which the researcher can use to make sure that everything is covered. Prompt, rather than script. Personal safety turn off recording device after respondent has left the room. Debrief Ethical obligation that interviewee will leave interview in emotionally stable format Vicarious trauma transcribers, policemen, beauty therapists, hairdressers

INTERVIEW SCHEDULE What is gender? Interest Roles (family; roles over the life span) / Stereotypes / Cross-cultural issues Power differentials Gender gaps in labour force Gendered insults gendered language Wealth distribution Expectations of gendered behaviour o Generational differences o Learnt / constructed o Roles related to sex o What are they? What is gender? o Media depiction of roles Sexual desires Consumption patterns / Marketing Identity formation Inclusion of gender in society Non-binary genders Access to services Socially constructed roles related to sex Masculinity Femininity

How people define gender? As a child what did it mean to be a girl/ boy? What does it mean to be a man / woman? o How would you define being a man / woman? Tell me how you define masculinity and femininity How do men / women behave? o What roles do men / women have? o What role do men /women play inside and outside the house? o How do you think men /women behave in public and in private?