Medical studies have shown that ultrasound on human tissue cells have micromassage effect , can promote blood

circulation and lymphatic circulation , improving the organization of nutrition and metabolism, enhance the organization 's metabolism, but also with increased heat and inflammation , swelling effect. Here's a simple ultrasonic treatment apparatus , for making reference. Circuit works The ultrasonic treatment apparatus circuit from the power circuit , ultrasonic oscillation circuit and an output circuit in Figure 9-17 below . Power circuit from the battery GB, power switch S, filter capacitor Cl, current limiting resistor Rl and the power indicator LED VL composition . Ultrasonic oscillation circuit by the transistor V, capacitor C2, resistor R2, potentiometers RP and oscillation transformer T of winding Wl, winding W2 form . Output circuit consists of T, W3 winding , neon lights HL and electrode A composition . Turn power switch S, ultrasonic oscillation circuit power oscillation of work , the oscillation frequency of approximately 4OkHz. Ultrasonic oscillation circuit oscillation work, in T of winding W3 to generate 5kV about the pulse voltage .

Use, the electrode A contact with lesions of human tissue , T output pulse pressure through HL on the human body glow discharge , resulting in discharge current . Human tissue in this high-frequency weak currents , the can produce micro- massage , the right amount of heat , play antiinflammatory and analgesic effects . Regulate RP 's resistance , can change the C2 charging speed , thus changing the ultrasonic oscillator, the oscillation frequency . Components Selection Rl and R2 are selected 1/4W metal film resistors . RP selected small-scale synthesis of carbon film resistor or variable resistor . Cl selected pressure value of 25V aluminum electrolytic capacitor ; C2 use monolithic capacitor or CBB capacitor . VL use f5mm green light emitting diodes. V use S9015 or 3CG9015 silicon NPN transistor . S use a small pole switch . T using the black and white TV with a line output transformer . HL using ordinary neon light . GB select l5V laminated battery or the use of small DC power supply .

As living standards improve, people's growing awareness of health, blood pressure is often health care, early detection of diseases one of the principal means. At present, although there have been several significant electronic device available, but the price is high, relatively large measurement errors, the most accurate or traditional desktop mercury sphygmomanometer, blood pressure table pointer followed. Both blood pressure (Table) accounted for the amount of the current society has more than 90% of patients blood pressure the doctor for the main equipment. Home ownership are also high. However, this requires a stethoscope sphygmomanometer aided measurement of blood pressure, and there should be some measurement techniques, especially for diastolic blood pressure (commonly known as low-voltage) of the judge, the larger human error factors. This paper describes a measurement of electronic

aids, for a self-made electronics enthusiasts. The auxiliary measurement device can accurately measure blood pressure becomes easy to not only replace the stethoscope, you can also observe the blood pressure values. Measurement techniques so that people who do not understand can be measured quasi-blood pressure. How it works: Circuit shown in Figure 1, collected by sound waves measuring devices, voltage amplification, low pass filtering, wave conversion, voltage detection, sound and light show circuit. HTD1 the detected pulse wave signal is sent to the gate of V1, in this, V1 impedance transformation from the role. The high resistance of the weak acoustic signal voltage transformation to a low impedance output, the C1, C2, C4 coupled to IC1. IC1 for the quad op amp, its foot internal circuit and external components, the voltage amplifier, adjust the resistance R8 to change the magnification level. The amplified audio signal through R9, C6 coupled to feet inside and outside the low-pass filter circuit, eliminating the human body sensors and external interference signals. And increase the load capacity.feet from the signal output, coupled by C8 to 12, 13, 14 feet for shaping amplification, will transform a square wave pulse wave output from 14 feet. W1 put a lot of adjustment can be changed. 14 feet square wave output signal directly coupled to IC2's feet and 12 feet. Amplified by two operational amplifiers, respectively, and 14 feet from the pin output. feet square wave

voltage output coupled to the IC3 by D6 of 12,13 feet. IC3 into four NAND gate circuit, when the 12 and 13 feet is high, pin output low. D7 LED indicator. Adjust the capacity of C12, can change the delay time of the luminous D7. IC2 14-foot high square wave pulse output coupled to the IC3 via the D5 feet, its oscillator circuits inside and outside the foot. pin is high when the oscillator start-up, make noise, the oscillation frequency of about 2000Hz. V2 and IC2's feet from the sound and light circuits simultaneously and so on. IC1's foot circuits voltage detectors, battery voltage is too low

Component Selection: HTD1 use 27mm piezoelectric ceramics. IC1, IC2 LM324 quad op amp selection. Four CD4011 IC3 and non-selected door, D1 use 4.5V regulator, HTD2 use 15mm piezoelectric ceramic sounder, K use mini toggle switch. Red light-emitting diodes using a micro-D2, D7 highlighted with a mini blue LED, power supply by four AA batteries, and the remaining components as shown. Installation: All components soldered in Figure 2, printed circuit board, into the corresponding plastic box, HTD1 fixed in the appropriate size stainless steel or plastic case, the use of shielded cable and the 3.5mm plug is connected with the measurement, adjust the sensitivity over W1 but do not have high self-

oscillation; will take down the battery, switch to adjustable voltage power supply. The voltage to 4.8 V. W2 D1 adjusted so that light can be just.

Schematic of the V1, R1 are encapsulated within the sensor HTD1. It does not draw on the PCB V1, R1 position. Usage: When used, the blood pressure arm band on the arm. Brought down on the arm of the probe HTD1 the brachial artery. When the pressure is estimated that more than systolic blood pressure (commonly known as high-voltage) 2.5 ~ 4kPa (20 ~ 30mmHg) or so, stop the pressure, playing an open valve slowly deflated, systolic blood pressure when the pressure drops, the measurement starts to sound, light direction At this time displayed on the blood pressure is systolic blood pressure, its sound and light are synchronized with the pulse of the beat, sound and light stops shown on the blood pressure is diastolic blood pressure.

Nonin Onyx-The Best At A Great Price

The Nonin Onyx 9500 was the first pulse oximeter to combine the electronics,display and sensor into one unit. Other manufacturers have since produced similar units but

none can match the proven track record of Nonin Oximeters such as the Onyx range

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Better Accuracy than its competitors Trusted by Medical Professionals. Passed tough physical testing for U.S Military Air Worthiness Certification Suitable For Pediatric or Adult use Portable and easy to use Bright LED is easy to read,even in darkness

The Nonin Onyx sets industry leading standards of accuracy and functionality by which all other fingertip pulse oximeters are judged. Its designed to be used mostly for spot checks quickly giving an accurate reading of SPO2 and heart rate. It does also give readings continuously but if you need to monitor you vital signs for long periods of time it would be better to choose a model specifically designed for continuous monitoring.

Auto On and Off

Simply insert a finger and the unit powers up automatically and gives a reading after a short pause. When you take your finger out again it switches itself off again.

Unique Pulse Quality indicator

Nonin 9500 pulse quality indicator

Unique to Nonin the built in pulse quality indicator makes the Nonin Onyx really easy to use. A bright LED light shows green for good reading,yellow for fair and red for a poor reading. Pulse oximeters can be affected by poor circulation,dark nail polish and excessive movement. The 3 color system quickly identifies a problem with the reading. This can usually be overcome by repositioning the finger,using another finger for the reading or warming the users hands before taking a reading.

An Effective Pediatric Pulse Oximeter

The Nonin Onyx is considered by many professionals as the best portable fingertip pulse oximeter. But it can be used for children too. In fact it has been specially designed to cater for very small fingers right down to 0.3 inch. So its perfectly suited for pediatric use.

Introducing The Nonin Onyx II

Nonin Onyx II Model 9550

This improved version is slightly smaller and has a wider display viewing angle. The batteries last longer thanks to more efficient circuitry. It also features an improved design. Some customers of the original Onyx 9500 find that the external spring can sometimes get caught in loose threads inside pockets of clothes. The Nonin Onyx has been redesigned with an internal spring which eliminates this problem.

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Robust Design
All Onyx models have been approved by the U.S. Air Force and Navy for use in helicopters. To gain this approval Onyx oximeters had to pass tough air worthiness tests. The Onyx units were exposed to depressurization at 40000 feet and were required to operate normally at this altitude. They were also exposed to several other tortuous tests including extreme vibration.

mplantable Glucose Sensor Could Spell Relief for Millions of Diabetics (w/ Video)
November 9, 2009
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Robert Croce, a Ph.D. candidate, works in the implantable glucose center lab. Photos by Frank Dahlmeyer (PhysOrg.com) -- UConn researchers have developed a tiny wireless device that can be inserted under a patient?s skin to monitor blood glucose levels over a period of several months.
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A team of researchers in chemistry, pharmaceutics, and engineering is developing a long term implantable biosensor that could dramatically change the way of life for millions of people diagnosed with diabetes. Inside the laboratories of Board of Trustees distinguished professor of pharmaceutics Diane Burgess, chemistry professor Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos, and engineering professor Faquir Jain, teams of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows are helping develop a miniaturized wireless device that will monitor blood glucose levels for three months or more after being inserted under a patients skin.

Wireless Prototype Prototypes of the device are smaller than a grain of rice yet embedded with an array of highly sensitive, microscopic electronic chips, sensors, and transmitters. The device would be injected into a diabetic patient subcutaneously using a hypodermic needle. Patients would then wear a special watch-like monitor that would receive transmissions from the sensor so they could track their blood sugar level throughout the day. The researchers hope to make the device adaptable so that Type 1 diabetics can wirelessly connect the glucose monitor to a portable insulin pump that would automatically infuse insulin into their body as needed. Type 2 diabetics would use the device to monitor their bodys reactions after they eat particular foods or before or after exercise. It would replace the more common finger prick blood sugar test that is both painful and time-consuming. In my opinion, this device will be a dream come true for diabetics, says Papadimitrakopoulos, associate director of the Universitys Institute of Materials Science and an expert in nanotechnology. It is not only going to improve their standard of living but it will also help educate people on how to go about living with this disease. Postdocs and doctoral students from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the Institute of Materials Science, and the Schools of Engineering and Pharmacy who are working on the sensor research include: Santhisagar Vaddiraju, Yan Wang, Upkar Bhardwaj, Jacqueline Morias, Liangliang Qiang, Vincent Ustach, Fuad Al-Amoody, Robert Croce, Mukesh Gogna, and Supriya Karmakar.
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Currently about 23.6 million children and adults in the United States, or 7.8 percent of the population, are living with diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association. The overwhelming majority of those individuals have Type 2 diabetes, which results from the body failing to properly use insulin, combined with insulin deficiency. Complications from diabetes can lead to kidney disease, blindness, and limb amputation. Minimizing Tissue Damage Although other glucose sensors have been developed, scientists have been stymied by their inability to produce a product that is at once small enough for implantation, wireless, and able to operate under the skin for prolonged periods of time. Previous devices have been as large as a watch face and viable for only five to seven days at a time, Burgess says. When we went about developing this device, we wanted to make it very small to minimize damage to tissue, she says. Imagine having a splinter in your finger. The body responds with pain, redness, and swelling, and entombs the object though fibrosis or scar tissue, which ultimately interferes with the sensors readings. To combat that reaction, the research team has been working for more than 10 years on developing a biocompatible coating for the sensor that allows certain fluids to flow into and out of the device, yet reduces the chances of inflammation and fibrosis while under the skin. The team has developed a polymer hydrogel loaded with microspheres - which are like tiny, microscopic beads - filled with anti-inflammatory medication. As the gel gradually breaks

down around the sensor, it releases the protective drugs and prevents an immune reaction for months at a time. The coating has proven successful in preventing infection and inflammation for more than three months in initial laboratory trials. Catalytic Reaction The biggest challenge for Papadimitrakopoulos and Jain was finding a way to translate the bodys internal metabolic functions into electrical charges that could be recorded and monitored by a small external device. Working in UConns Nanobionics Device Fabrication Facility, Papadimitrakopoulos research team was able to create special inner polymer membranes for the enzymatic sensory component of the device. These enzymes create a catalytic reaction when they come in contact with glucose in the blood, and an electrical signal is generated. As blood glucose concentration goes up or down, the scientists found it can be detected by the device and recorded graphically over time, like a chart in the stock market. Our lab is involved in the overall system design architecture, says Jain, a specialist in microelectronics, electrical, and computer engineering. We are working to integrate all of the chips together - the sensor chip, the power chip, the signal processing chip and weve developed a method so that all of the chips are protected from water, while only the sensor chip is exposed to bodily fluids. The miniature biosensor is not limited to glucose monitoring, the researchers say. It can be modified to monitor other metabolic functions, such as cholesterol levels and lactic acid levels. But for now, the team is focused on glucose and diabetes. Were at the pre-clinical testing stage right now and hope to go into clinical testing in two to three years, Burgess says, with entry into the market predicted in maybe four to seven years.