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CASE: Computer aided s/w engineering, automated tools used to design database and
application programs.
DBMS: A commercial software system used to define, create, maintain and provide controlled
access to database.
SDLC: s/w design life cycle (OR system design life cycle, it will be system when its an
enterprise wide solution else will be software only)
Logical Design: identifying flow of data and entities required eg. ER diagram
ER Model: A logical representation of the data for an organization or for a business area.
Entity: An object or concept in the user environment about which the the organization wishes
to maintain data.
Hierarchal DBMS: when data is in tree structure. Relation is maintained by links between
common entities.
Network DBMS: when data in tree structure and there is relation (link) between siblings as
well.
Integrity Constraints:
1) Domain Constraints: set of allowed values for an attribute
2) Entity Integrity: No primary key attribute can be NULL
3) Referential Integrity: It maintains consistency among the rows of two relations. IT
states that each foreign key value must match a corresponding primary key value.
Types of anomalies:
1) Insertion
2) deletion
3) Modification
Normalization: It’s the process of decomposing relation(s) with anomalies to produce smaller,
well structured relation.
Normal Form: a state of a relation that results from applying simple rules regarding functional
dependency.
First: Removes Multivalued attributes
Second: Removes partial functional dependency
Third: Removes transitive dependency
BCNF: when key attributes depends on non-key attribute
Fourth: removes multi valued dependency.
Partial functional dependency: functional dependency in which one or more non key attributes
are functionally dependent on part of (not completely) primary key.
Transitive Dependency: It’s a functional dependency b/w two or more non key attributes.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Defn: It is a system program that manages the computer hardware, provides a basis for
application programming and acts as an intermediary between a user and computer hardware.
Deadlock: when every process in the given set is waiting for an event that can be caused only
by another process in the set.
Banker’s Algorithm: It provides an algorithm for deadlock avoidance and is used in case of
resource allocation graph with multiple resource instances.
Virtual memory: Allowing execution of process tat may not be completely transferred into
main memory.
Thrashing: it’s a condition when CPU spends more time paging than executing processes
Buffer: memory area that stores data while it is transferred b/w two devices.
Spool: buffer that holds output for a device
Stream: a two-way connection between a device driver and a user process.
OOPs
OOP: its an implementation technique in which a program is a collection of objects, and each
object is an instance of a specific class.
Class: it’s a description of a collection of objects having common responsibility, scope, roles
and attributes.
Polymorphism: its the mechanism that helps in making a single interface for multiple
implementations.
Inheritance: a class derives some or all of the attributes and/or behavior of another class.
Encapsulation: it is the mechanism that binds together the code and the data that it manipulates
under one entity.
Abstraction: hides complex implementation details from the user and providing a iser-friendly
interface.
*For C++ refer “test your C++ skills” ONLY for theoretical questions, will try to provide the
imp page number later.
DATA STRUCTURES
Data structure: It is an organization of related pieces of information in memory to facilitates
easy access and modification. (please note difference in definition with DBMS)
Stack: it’s a dynamic collection of homogeneous or heterogeneous items arranged in LIFO
order
Queue:… FIFO
Linked List: its an linear organization of data in memory where we access values by using their
memory address.
NETWORKING
ISO/OSI (international standard organization/ open system interconnect) Layers:
• Application
• Presentation
• Session
• Transport
• Network
• Data link
• Physical
Protocol: it’s an agreement of request and services between two or more entities.
802.3 Ethernet
803.4 token bus
803.5 token ring
Topologies:
• Bus
• Star
• Ring
• Mesh
TIPS:
• For PCS the most important thing is your familiarity with technical terms and the
standard of the definition you provide. So, please try to learn above definitions as it is.
• It wont matter even if you are not able to answer any technical question but then don’t
loose your calm at any stage.
• Be prepared for HR questions as well like about yourself, strengths, weakness, hobby,
last movie you have seen, etc.
• Be very thorough with the profile of company.
• Excerpts (verbatim )from the response/feedback of students about technical interview
of PCS, try to think on these lines: its combination of both tech/personal , be prepare
with your final year project , prepare with basic question , hobby , unpredictable , c
prog to reverse a string , Profile , TECHNICAL JARGONS , Strengths/ weaknesses,
career goals , current affairs , brushing up of important topics.