Prepared By

Des Raj 7th

Soni 7th
Veerpal Kaur 8th

Under Guidance Of

Mr. Pankaj Rai Mittal (Student Trainer)

Mr. Parmod Kumar Dhir (Teacher Trainer)

Mrs. Suman Sharma (Science Mistress)

Govt. Sen.Sec. School

Rorikapura (Faridkot)
2006
 EXTRACTION OF IRON
IRON: - it is about 21% of total metal of earth’s crust and 6.2% of total
elements. It belongs to transition group of the periodic table. Its electronic
configuration is 2, 8,8,6,2.
1) Important ores of ion
1 Haematite Fe2O3
2 Magnetite Fe3O4
3 Limonite Fe2O3 , 3H2O
4 Iron Pyrites FeS2
5 Sidrite FeCO3
2) Extraction of iron: -Cast iron is extracted from hematite. It
involves following steps:
1 Concentration of ore: - First of all ore is crushed into minute
particles and the crushed ore is concentrated by gravity separation method..
2 Calcination: - Concentrated ore is calcinated in a furnace. During
calcinations moisture is removed. Impurities like Sulphur changes into
sulphur dioxide and Arsenic oxide (AS2O3), phosphorus to phosphorous
oxide (P4O10), all escape out in the form of gases.
Fe2O3.3H2O → Fe2O3 + 3H2O
2FeCO3 → 2FeO + 2CO2
4Fe+3O2 → 2Fe2O3
It is due o the presence of some ferrous carbonate that iron changes into
iron oxide. Ferrous carbonate which is present in some quantity in hematite
not only oxidizes all other impurities into its oxides but also oxidized itself
into iron oxide.
3 Smelting: - Iron oxide is reduced with carbon. Process of
smelting is done is blast furnace which is shown in the figure
Calcinated iron oxide is added in blast furnace along with coke. Coke
serves as fuel as well as reducing agent. Lime is also added in the blast
furnace which serves as flux. The following reactions take place in the
furnace:
(a) At the base of the furnace Coke reacts with oxygen to
produce carbon dioxide which moves up and lot of heat is
produced.
C + O2 → CO2
Coke Oxygen Carbon Oxide
As the carbon dioxide moves upward it is brought in contact with coke
and gets converted into carbon monoxide.
CO2 + C → 2co
Carbon Dioxide Coke Carbon Mono-Oxide
At this zone temperature is 1475-1575k
(b) In the middle of the furnace temperature is 1075 to 1275k. In
this region calcium carbonate decomposes to produce calcium oxide and
carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide so produced cobines with silica to form slag.
CaCo3 → CaO + CO2
Calcium Carbonate Calcium Oxide Carbon-Dioxide
CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3
Calcium Oxide Silica Calcium –Silicate (Slag)
(C) At the top portion of the furnace In the top portion of
furnace the Iron (III) oxide react with carbon monoxide to give liquid iron
which moves toward the button of furnace and settled there. This iron is
called cast iron.
Fe2o3 + 3CO → Fe + CO2
Ferric oxide Carbon monoxide Iron Carbon –dioxide
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