GOVT. SEC.

SCHOOL GHANUPUR

AMRITSAR

PROJECT BY:

KARAMJIT SINGH X-A

SURINDER SINGH X-A

PARGAT SINGH IX-A

INTRODUCTION:
Petrol engine was introduced by the engineers Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz (both
from Germany) in 1885. It is considered as one of biggest achievement in the automotive
field. It uses petrol called as gasoline in USA as a fuel. It is made up of about 150 moving
parts. Within the engine burning of fuel mixed with air causes hot gases to expand against
parts of the engine and force them to move. So petrol engines are called internal-
combustion engines.
Petrol engines are compact and light in weight for the power they produce. The rate at
which it produces work is usually measured in horsepower or watts.

Parts of a petrol engine

Following are some of the important parts of petrol engine:
1) Cylinders
2) Cylinder block
3) Piston and Connecting rods
4) Cylinder head Crankcase
5) Valves
6) Crank shaft Flywheel
7) Exhaust system
8) Camshaft Fuel system
9) Lubrication system
10) Ignition system
Working of a petrol engine
Generally the vehicles using petrol/gasoline engine have four strokes as they are more
efficient than two stroke engine and give complete combustion of fuel to optimum use.
The four-stroke cycle engine has four strokes namely intake, compression, power, and
exhaust strokes.
a) Suction or intake stroke:
Initially when engine is started piston moves downwards towards bottom of the cylinder
which creates low pressure at top. Due to this intake valve opens and the fuel mixture
containing petrol vapors and air are sucked in by the cylinder. Carburetor now decides in
what ratio gasoline/petrol and air should be mixed.
b) The compression stroke:
After this the inlet valve gets closed. The piston now moves towards the top of cylinder
and compresses the fuel mixture to one tenth of its initial volume. The temperature and
pressure inside the cylinder increases due to compression caused.
c) The power stroke:
During this stroke the inlet and exhaust valve remains closed. As the piston reaches near
top position spark plug produces an electric spark. Combustion is started by an ignition
system that fires a high voltage spark through a field replaceable air gap called a
sparkplug. The spark produced causes explosion of fuel. The hot gases expand and force
the piston to move downwards. The piston is linked to the piston rod and the piston rod to
the crank shaft. They all move each other due to the link between them. The crank shaft is
connected to the wheels of a car. As the crank shaft movess, the wheels rotate and move
the car.
d) The exhaust stroke:
In this stroke the exhaust valve remains open at the start. The piston is forced to move
upwards because of the momentum gained. This forces gases to move through the
exhaust valve into the atmosphere. Now the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve
opens. After this the four strokes of the engine are repeated again and again