Power System Protection S.A.

Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT

Modeling of CT

Power System Protection

S.A.Soman
Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT Modeling of CT Classication of CTs ANSI/IEEE Classication Summary

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Introduction All electrical measurements and relaying decisions are derived from current and voltage signals. CTs and VTs are necessary because They scale down line currents and bus voltages to fed into the relays. They are sensors for the relay. They electrically isolate the relaying system from the apparatus. Electrical isolation from the primary voltage provides safety for both human personnel and equipment.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Equivalent Circuit of CT It is similar to that of a regular transformer. The main difference is that CTs have current source excitation. Primary winding of the CT is connected in series with the transmission line.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT Modeling of CT Classication of CTs ANSI/IEEE Classication Summary

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Modeling of CT It is assumed that CT primary is connected to a current source. Primary winding resistance and leakage reactance are neglected. Magnetizing impedance from primary side is shifted to secondary side. The load on the secondary side are the relay burden and the lead wire resistance.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Modeling of CT

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Modeling of CT

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Total impedance on the secondary side is the sum of Relay burden. Lead wire resistance. Leakage impedance of secondary winding.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

The secondary voltage developed by the CT is given by, E2 = 4.44fN2 m If Bm corresponding to the peak sinusoidal ux m is above the knee point, the CT will saturate. During saturation, the performance of CT deteriorates. CT is to be operated always in closed condition. The magnetizing impedance falls down during saturation.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Classication of CTs CTs can be classied into Measurement CTs.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Protection CTs.

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Classication of CTs CTs can be classied into Measurement CTs.

They have lower VA capacity than protection grade CTs. It has to be accurate over a range of 5% to 125% of normal current. It is not expected to give linear response during large fault currents.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Protection CTs.

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Classication of CTs CTs can be classied into Measurement CTs.

They have lower VA capacity than protection grade CTs. It has to be accurate over a range of 5% to 125% of normal current. It is not expected to give linear response during large fault currents.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Protection CTs.
It is expected to give linear response upto 20 times the rated current. Its performance has to be accurate in the range of normal currents to fault currents. In order to get linear response, CT burden has to be kept low.

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT Modeling of CT Classication of CTs ANSI/IEEE Classication Summary

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

ANSI/IEEE Classication ANSI/IEEE standards classify CTs into two types: Class T CTs. Class C CTs. Ratio Error It is the percentage deviation in the current magnitude in the secondary from the desired value. Ratio Error =
Ip N

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Is IE 100 = 100 Is Is

During saturation, ratio errors are very large.

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Class T CTs It is a wound type CT with one or more primary turns on a core. It has high leakage ux. Its performance can be determined only by test. CT burden should be kept as low as possible.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Class C CTs Its leakage ux is very small. It is more accurate. Its performance can be evaluated from standard exciting curves. Ratio error is maintained within 10%.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary

Introduction to CT
Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction Equivalent Circuit of CT
Modeling of CT

Summary Equivalent circuit and modeling of CTs. Measurement CTs and Protection CTs. Class T CTs and class C CTs. Ratio error.

Classication of CTs
ANSI/IEEE Classication

Summary