Code of ethics question

Q3. Are the present safety practices of your industry adequate? What steps do you consider should be taken by the industry to address the present situation?

Present safety-list of what is being implemented Why it fails?-analysis How to overcome this?

-lack of commitment, understanding & awareness by the management, staff

Occupational Safety & Health Committee -involvement from management, engineers, technical executives, technical staffs -monthly meeting to resolve pertaining to S&H issues, -2 way communications with ground workers -increase corporation between management staff -increase/higher motivation/interest in all levels of management & staff -supervise/monitor agent to the company

SOP - engineering circular, ISO, WIT project

Training (by internal experience personnel ie ILSAS / external party ie NIOSH,CIDB,ST) to become AP/CP -comprehensive induction program inclusive of S&H as part of the program to all levels of new staff -work closely and hand-in-hand with ST (as regulator)-ensure the company comply to HSE standards -penalty should any discrepancy

-AP/CP to be certified by ST -refresher course - generic & structured module to cater for each scope of work as different position/job done the staff is expose to different type of danger-ie jointer, linesman, supervisor ,fitter -identify the right personnel to attend each module -include hands-on training

Promotional -safety talks, seminars, exhibition -emphasize on safety during role call & tool box talk

Inspection/Audit (SEMS, 5S, Technical Audit) -not only emphasize in theory but in practical -main objective to check on compliance of SOP & Safety Procedure so as for improvement -inspection/audit on all aspect- tools & equipment, vehicles, working procedure -internal & cross border audit

-lack of commitment, understanding & awareness by the management, staff

Safety policy There is a safety policy in the organisation that I work for. It is signed by the President of the company. The policy outlines the things that are important promoting and enhancing safety.

Safety Committees At TNB, every branch office with more than forty staff must set up a Safety Committee. This committee consist of Management representative and workers representatives. There are two levels of safety committee. If there are more than forty but fewer than one hundred staff, members of committee consists of Chairman and Secretary, two management representatives and a minimum of two workers representative. If number of staff is more than one hundred, the committee consist of Chairman, secretary, minimum of four representative from Management and worker respectively.

A Safety Committee role is to discuss all matter pertaining safety at work site, to provide training, investigate accidents, do periodical audits and safety promotion. A meeting MUST convene every three months.

Safety Act, Rules and Standard Operating Procedure

We follow Acts of Law concerning safety- mainly Electricity Supply Act and Safety and Health Act and Building by law.(Please check this) Other than Acts of law, we have safety rules to ensure staff follow a proper safe way to work. In my division, as majority of workers do electrical work, we have a Electrical Safety Rules Book. TNB Division Engineering Department also issues Safety Procedures from time to time if there are new problems to safety.

Safety in Design

All equipment have been designed to be safe. These designs go through a thorough specification requirement made by Engineering Department. When equipments are supplied to TNB, we have Internal Quality Audit Inspectors to do audits at the factory to ensure quality equipments arrive at TNB warehouse. If an equipment is already installed and deem unsafe, it must be removed immediately. Engineering Department and Suppliers must check the equipment and get the root cause. (pls get the process from Eng Dept- ask Ms Tan)

Job Safety Analysis is carried out for every work to ensure that the process and safety protection is suitable. For every work, there is an analysis whether using Substitution, Engineering Control, Administrative Control or Personal Protective Equipment is the most suitable for the job. All installations have been designed to be safe.

Safety Authorised and Competent Persons

In TNB Distribution, there is a strict process to produce Safety Authorised and Competent person. An executive and technician require a minimum of a year experience, attend required safety course, have passed a First Aid and CPR course and sit for a test and attend an interview before certified as a competent person. All other staff require three years.

The next level is to upgrade the Competent Certificate to Authorised Certificate. An executive requires a minimum of one year from being approved as a competent person, worked as assistant authorised person, pass the written test, pass the practical test and interview. All other staff require another three years.

Permit to work

An important aspect in Safety. It is proven that by following a strict procedure ensures safety. For any work that requires shutdown, PTW must be issued. Before PTW is issued, an installation must be made dead, isolate the switch, test using an approved tester, earth the installation and lock with Caution Notice together.

The person receiving PTW must be a Competent Person. He must also install additional earth. This is to ensure that a competent person should not entirely rely on an Authorised Person to ensure safety.

Morning Safety Talk

At the worksite, before any job is done, a Morning Safety Talk must be carried out to inform workers dangers at that worksite. In TNB Distribution, every worksite is different from another, so it is important to understand the dangers.

Maintenance of Plant

All plants must be maintained according to specification and records kept. For example, in a substation, the equipment such as switchgear, cable and transformer must be maintained to ensure safe operation. The schematic diagrams and indicators must be updated. Fire fighting equipment must be maintain every year.

At the overhead lines, trees must be cut to ensure they do not interfere with the lines.

Maintenance of Office and Yard and Vehicles

We also ensure that our office yard and vehicles are clean, neat and danger free.

For example, stacking and file keeping in office must follow a system, in our case 5S to ensure neatness. Proper keeping of file in office also prevent fire.

At the yard, vehicles must be properly parked and safety must be adhere as this is the place that the worker load and unload materials in vehicles.

Vehicle and road safety is important. All vehicles must be properly maintain and drivers properly trained. Only properly trained drivers are allowed to operation vehicles according to the classes.

All the practices mentioned above are not ideally carried out. There is still a lot of room for improvement. There are a few audits that will ensure the practices mention above are carried out properly. The are SEMS Audit, PSI audit (ISO), M& E Audit-third parth audit. SEMS Audit A company wide audit called SEMS Audit- Safety Excellence Management System is carried out every year. Its purpose is to assess five categories of SEMS is carried out successfully. It is a cross border audit as auditors from other states audit there colleagues in another state.

First Category is to ensure neatness in office, yard, worksite. Second Category is to ensure that the Electrical and Mechanical Equipments are maintained and operating properly. Third Category is to ensure Fire Prevention and Safety plans are made and carried out. This category also assess the maintenance of the fire prevention and fighting equipment. Fire and Evacuation drills fall under this category. Forth Element is to ensure proper accident reporting is carried out. Fifth Element is to ensure the total Safety Organisation. It is here that assessment of managers who are entrusted the safety whether they know their roles and responsibility and if Safety Committees are established and meetings carried out. This category also ensures training and safety promotion is given to workers. Usage of Permit to Work is recorded here.

At the end of this SEMS Audit, a mark will be given to the station audited. From this mark, one to five star grading is given. One being the worst, five the best. Additional emphasis is given to three elements i.e. Safety Committee and Meetings, Permit to Work and Fatal Accident.

Should a Safety Committee fails once to properly convene a meeting even one time or convenes a meeting late for a day, regardless of whatever mark that this audited station obtains, only one star is given to this station.

Should Permit to Work is not 100% done properly, 5% of the total marks is deducted.

Should a fatal accident happens, the station will have one star downgraded.

But if the audited station fulfils any of the three elements, 1% is added to each element.

This SEMS Audit is done more than ten years. Of late, TNB President is very interested in the results. Hence there is a competition among stations to obtain high marks and stars. Previously, getting high marks do not carry weight in Job Promotion for managers, but now, as achievement is counted, managers are more serious in implementing safety. Because of the competition and the interests shown by the President, over the years, there is an improvement in attitudes in station heads and this ensure staff below them to be committed in safety.

Another audit is our internal ISO 9000 audit to ensure compliance of the work procedure.

M&E audit by a consultant appointed by the Energy Commission will audit similar to SEMS Audit Category 2, 3 and 5. As this is an independent audit, our management is concern about the results. This year, the audit will take place in December and this is the first time this audit is made independent. The outcome of this audit dictates the direction of TNB.

The systems, procedures, rules, equipments are sufficient at my organisation. The practices are not ideal and there is much to improve. Previously, we were not very serious in safety compared to now. Now, because of reward and punishment schemes, managers are more rewarded for success and more penalised for failure as compared to previous years, the attitudes of managers have changed and this have changed the culture a little. To sustain this culture, the top management has proposed more auditing work for managers.

This fiscal year beginning September to August next year, the emphasis on the station heads will be on audits as management reckons that there is insufficient audits done locally.

Q12.In todays dynamic marketplace, many organisations/industries are initiating cost reduction measures to remain competitive. Discuss the contradictory demand of cost reduction programmes and the need to invest to enhance the standards of HSE in the industry. Is it possible to be cost-effective yet meeting the ever-increasing HSE requirements?

What are the contributions of cost/element/ cost involved in a product/service? How HSE practice can reduce these costs? Additional benefit of HSE practice/awareness?

Analyse the product/service cost -selection of material cost vs quality -labour -transportation -storage -insurance & medical cost -in direct cost-accident, downtime

Cost reduction program on controllable item -cost of accident -damage of equipment/equipment downtime-reduce productivity, cost for replacement, reduce profit

-staff on medical leave need replacement new/additional staff,higher labour cost -expenditure on staff medical -loss/reduce staff morale, image of the company

if

severe

injuries,

-by increasing the awareness towards safety also adhered to safety code & practices, such cost can be significantly reduced/eliminated

-insurance & medical -insurance premium is dependent on risk factor, can be reduced if less accident & lower danger risk in the workplace, as such when safety policy/standards/procedure in place can reduce the insurance & medical premium -mitigation/action plan to reduce accident in workplace can significantly reduce insurance premium too -analyse suitability of safety courses for each level of staffs-can reduce on staff training expenditure and save time as only focus on certain modul

-storage implementation of 5S cheap, zero cost involved tidy/efficient/improve in stock management, reduce time for stock-taking by using of stock-card to keep track of stock movement separate use and unused item fast/easier identification by standard labelling and tagging

What is cost?

An amount paid or required in payment for a purchase; a price The expenditure of something, such as time or labor, necessary for the attainment of a goal

These are the simple answers that we often get when we ask people.

Consider this. The recent scandal involving melamine in milk in China shows that people are willing to pay the cheapest cost to obtain something. People often forget the health and safety cost that comes with it. The good image that China has worked so hard to build up can easily be tarnished by this scandal as people around the world are now questioning what other products from China that are not safe. Example is a type of chair made in China that cause users to have itch at their thighs and lower back side. Manufacturers get law suit, the country gets a bad image. Genuine, ethical businesses will get pulled down as well.

An example in Malaysia is MRR2 overhead bridge. To reduce cost, the engineers and contractors did not build the bridge safely. There were cracks and pieces of the bridge falling off. Despite numerous repairs and much of taxpayers money spent, people are questioning the safety of the bridge despite the assurances by the relevant authorities. Users were deprived of usage of the bridge causing them to use other congested roads, waking up early to travel and returning home late, using more petrol and diesel, more time wasted on roads and making user more tired. The cost here is political cost.

In advanced countries, although labour, production and rental costs are not as low as developing countries, they still have the competitive edge. People in develop nations are more educated and take Health, Safety and Environment more seriously.

Take for instances in a manufacturing plant in Japan, costs are high but so is the level of safety is high too. Standards of safety is high. In Japan, most companies implement 5S. They throw away things that are not needed and have a very good storage system and record keeping. There are less accidents in a tidy plant and warehouse. The image of 5S implementation is high that Japan is now exporting this concept.

A good example on Safety is food safety in Singapore. Every food item entering Singapore will be checked for excessive use of chemicals whether it is pesticide or chemicals that make fish and meat fresh, etc. Singapore authorities will reject any food that is not up to safety standards. Compare this with Malaysia where we eat food. We pay less for food but more for medical cost.

These are general examples that everyone can relate to. And we have to pay attention to Health Safety and Environment.

Back to our topic.

Let us consider a real life scenario in the industry that I work in. My company buys switchgears. Because of the high cost of switchgears, our Engineering Department is instructed to reduce on the safety aspects of the switchgear. Hence we have switchgears that are cheaper and easily fail If any switchgear explodes in a substation where workers are nearby, then accidents happen. A worker or more may die or seriously injured. The workers need medical attention.

The cost of the accident comprises of all the elements stated below.

If there is any fatalities we, as a nation lose vital manpower. To produce a skilled worker, time and money is already spent. This cost is calculated from the time a worker is born to becoming a skilled worker to contribute to the nation.

Medical cost is increased to treat injured workers. After recovery, workers have to go back to do check ups. If damage is serious, the cost will be higher.

Wages are paid to workers for not producing but stopping work to send injured workers to hospital.

Managers and engineers cannot do their normal duties as they have to stop their work at hand to attend to this accident to visit victims, to investigate accidents, to motivate workers who witness the accident.

Cost of accident investigation- Workers who are witness to any accidents, have their work disrupted by accident investigations because the damaged switchgear cannot be replaced until investigations by many investigation teams are completed. The teams can be from the companies internal teams and different government authorities. Eyewitness too have to attend investigations and these are disrupted from their normal duties. Insurance premium is increased because of bad safety records.

Retraining of workers- The company has to employ a trainer to train workers affected by the accident. Wages are paid to attend this course but not for producing.

Damaged equipment have to be replaced and loss of revenue to the company because electricity supply is cut off for a period. Customers are angry. Business customers may lose business. The image of my company is bad.

Then, checks are done on similar switchgear installed to ensure that similar problems do not happen. If this is not satisfactory, the company has to replace all the similar switchgears and this cost money, time and effort.

I have not listed all the cost there are many hidden cost. Relatives of workers may take lawsuit against the company for negligence. The company may lose its license to practise. Company needs time, effort and money to restore image.

Attention to Health Safety and Environment

To understand costs, bosses of companies need to understand that it is no more about wages, rental and material. They have to consider too other aspects. We can learn and follow what the advanced countries are practising.

It is possible to be cost effective, especially if we fulfil the HSE Requirements. The examples that I mentioned earlier starting from the tainted milk case in China cost the children to suffer from serious diseases that may have permanent damage. Parents are suing the manufacturers of these products. Health minister and other high ranking officials resigned. This industry will collapse. Manufacturers from other countries who follow a strict HSE Policy gains from sales.

The case in Japan and Singapore proves that it is cost effective to follow HSE Policy strictly.

The case in Malaysia about the MRR2 overhead bridge has an impact on economics and politics. When people are angry, the governing party will suffer.

The case in my company shows that by not implementing the HSE Requirement, it is not cost-effective.

Apa itu kos? Jumlah yang perlu dibayar atau diperlukan untuk pembelian; suatu perbelanjaan seperti masa atau tenaga kerja demi untuk mencapai matlamat. Ianya merupakan jawapan yang selalu diperolehi apabila ditanya.

Cuba pertimbangkan, skandal terbaru yang melibatkan melamine dalam susu di China menunjukkan bahawa manusia sanggup membayar kos yang murah untuk memperolehi sesuatu. Manusia selalu lupa tentang kos yang melibatkan keselamatan dan kesihatan yang berkaitan. Imej baik yang telah susah-payah dibina oleh Negara China sejak sekian lama dengan mudahnya dicemari oleh skandal tersebut disebabkan masyarakat dunia mempersoalkan produk-produk lain keluaran China samada ianya selamat untuk digunakan. Sebagai contoh, terdapat kerusi buatan China yang menyebabkan pengguna mengalami sakit di peha dan bahagian belakang. Pembuatnya telah di saman dan Negara mendapat imej yang buruk. Secara tidak langsung, peniaga yang jujur dan beretika akan turut merasa kesannnya.

Contoh di Malaysia pula adalah pembinaan jambatan MRR2. Untuk menjimatkan kos, jurutera dan kontraktor tidak membina jambatan yang selamat. Terdapat retakan dan bahagian jambatan yang pecah. Walaupun pelbagai usaha dilakukan untuk membaik pulih kerosakan dengan menggunakan wang rakyat, masyarat mula mempersoalkan keselamatannya. Pengguna kecewa kerana tidak yakin untuk menggunakan MRR2 menyebabkan mereka memilih menggunakan laluan alternatif yang lebih sesak dan jauh, yang memerlukan mereka bangun awal untuk ke tempat kerja, menggunakan lebih minyak, membazirkan masa di jalanraya dan menyebabkan keletihan.

DI Negara maju, walaupun kos buruh, kos sewa dan kos pengeluaran adalah tinggi, tahap keselamatan yang ditentukan juga tinggi. Di Jepun, kebanyakkan syarikat mengamalkan 5S. Mereka menyisihkan barangan yang tidak diperlukan dan mengamalkan system simpanan yang baik. Jumlah kemalangan adalah kurang di kawasan kilang atau stor. Konsep 5S kini dijaja oleh Negara Jepun ke Negara-negara lain. Contoh lain amalan yang baik yang melibatkan keselamatan dan kesihatan adalah kawalan makanan di Singapura. Setiap makanan yang memasuki Singapura akan disemak sekiranya terdapat penggunaan bahan kimia yang berlebihan atau terlarang akan dihalang dari masuk. Apabila dibuat perbandingan dengan Malaysia, kita membayar kurang untuk harga makanan tetapi kesannya kita terpaksa membayar lebih untuk kos ubat-ubatan. Contohcontoh di atas adalah berkaitan dan menunjukkan kita perku mengutamakan keselamatan, kesihatan dan alam sekitar.

Cuba pertimbangkan scenario yang barlaku di tempat saya bekerja. Syarikat saya membeli perkakas suis, Disebabkan oleh kos perkakas suis yang tinggi, Jabatan Kejuruteraan di arahkan untuk mengurangkan kos pembelian yang menyebabkan aspek keselamatan juga perlu dikurangkan. Justeru itu, syarikat saya menggunakan perkakas suis yang murah dan mudah rosak. Sekiranya berlaku letupan di Pencawang Elektrik dimana terdapat anggota kerja berhampiran, kemalangan berlaku. Anggota kerja boleh meninggal dunia atau mengalami kecederaan yang memerlukan rawatan. Sesuatu kemalangan yang berlaku akan melibatkan kos-kos yang dijelaskan seperti di bawah.

Jikalau berlaku kematian, syarikat dan Negara akan kehilangan tenaga kerja yang penting. Untuk menghasilkan anggota kerja terlatih, masa dan wang telah dibelanjakan. Perbelanjaan rawatan meningkat untuk merawat pekerja yang cedera. Selepas pulih, anggota kerja perlu membuat rawatan susulan. Sekiranya kecederaan yang dialami tinggi kos rawatan juga tinggi. Gaji perlu dibayar walaupun anggota kerja tidak menjalankan kerja yang mana ianya akan menurunkan produktiviti.

Pengurus dan jurutera tidak boleh melaksanakan kerja secara normal kerana perlu melawat anggota kerja yang cedera, membuat penyiasatan punca kemalangan di samping memberi motivasi kepada anggota kerja lain yang menyaksikan kemalangan atau anggota kerja lain yang juga cenderung untuk mendapat kemalangan yang sama.

Kos penyiasatan kemalangan Anggota kerja yang menyaksikan kemalangan akan terganggu kerja harian apabila disoalsiasat samada siasatan oleh pihak dalam atau luaran sehinggalah penyiasatan selesai. Premium insuran juga meningkat kerana rekod kemalangan syarikat yang tinggi.

Melatih semula anggota kerja Syarikat perlu melantik perunding atau pelatih untuk mengembalikan keyakinan anggota kerja dan melihat semula proses kerja. Gaji perlu dibayar bagi mereka yang menghadiri kursus walaupun kerja tidak dijalankan.

Kerosakan peralatan atau perkakas suis perlu diganti yang juga mengurangkan pendapatan syarikat kerana bekalan elektrik perlu ditutup sepanjang tempoh penggantian. Pelanggan akan marah. Pengguna komersil dan industri pula akan kehilangan pendapatan kerana tiada jualan atau produksi.

Sekiranya hasil siasatan mendapati sesuatu perkakas suis tidak selamat digunakan, syarikat perlu menggantikan kesemua perkakas suis yang ada dalam system yang akan menyebabkan pembaziran masa, wang dan usaha. Sekiranya tidak perlu diganti, sesuatu kerja yang melibatkan perkakas suis tersebut perlu dijalankan dalam keadaan mati yang akan menyebabkan kemarahan pengguna kerana bekalan elektrik terganggu. Saya tidak menyenaraikan segala kos kerana terdapat banyak kos-kos tersembunyi. Saudara mara anggota kerja mungkin akan mengambil tindakan undang-undang terhadap syarikat kerana cuai. Sekiranya didapati bersalah, lesen syarikat boleh digantung atau ditarik. Syarikat memerlukan wang, masa dan usaha bagi memulihkan imej yang tercalar.

Pematuhan terhadap polisi Keselamatan, Kesihatan & Alam Sekitar

Untuk memahami kos, ketua syarikat perlu memahami bahawa ianya bukan sekadar tentang gaji, sewa dan barang-barang. Mereka perlu melihat aspekaspek lain dan belajar dari Negara-negara maju.

Syarikat hanya dapat menjadi kos efektif dengan mematuhi dengan serius polisi HSE. Contoh-contoh yang saya kemukakan bermula dengan kes pencemaran susu di China telah menyebabkan kanak-kanak menjadi mangsa disebabkan oleh kerakusan dan sifat tamak syarikat yang tidak mengambil endah polisi HSE. Syarikat-syarikat yang mematuhi polisi HSE akan memperoleh keuntungan akibat jualan yang meningkat.

Kes di Jepun dan Singapura juga membuktikan bahawa adalah kos efektif dengan mematuhi HSE. Kes di Malaysia yang melibatkan MRR2 telah

menyebabkan impak yang besar pada ekonomi dan politik. Apabila rakyat marah, kerajaaan yang memerintah akan menanggung akibatnya.

Kes di syarikat saya jelas menunjukkan adalah tidak kos efektif dengan tidak mematuhi secara serius polisi HSE.

Q13.Engineers is increasingly playing a significant role in the nations fast pace development. Please suggest how engineers can make greater contributions with awareness of safety, health and environment and how engineers can keep abreast with the development of technology without confining to ones specific roles or disciplines

Engineers involvement in SHE? Ways to update/enhance knowledge

Contribution -the company -JKKP committee, as SEMS / 5S auditor-internal and external audit, as Safety Inspector for own unit / other dept, training to staffs/subordinates, certified Authorised Person with NIOSH / DOSH

-public/society -forums / dialogues / discussion / seminar / workshop / talks- to schools (teachers / students thru clubs & society) higher learning institutions, Lion Club, Rotaract Club -collaboration with colleges / universities-research / surveys / case studies

Updates thru -Professional Organisation / Society ie IEM / IEEE / IET -forums / dialogues / discussion / seminar / workshop / talks-between colleagues / companies / different industries / disciplines / countries ie as those organized by IEM -IT- internet / books / journals / bulletin / magazine ie Jurutera by IEM

-social activities with all engineers of different fields, also to enhance relationship between engineers in different disciplines -visits -Cross-functional team / task force in a company work hand in hand even in different units /sections, different ideas / point of view/aspects to solve problems

Engineers have played a significant role in nations fast pace development. The development that we have in Malaysia from having comfortable homes, clean drinking water, non interrupted supply of electricity, connectivity by telephone, handphone and internet connections, highways that are safe, roads even to rural areas, airport and sea ports, to cars, lorries and industrial machinery, lastest consumer products are largely contributed by engineers. We have engineers who are ministers and CEOs of Engineering related non Engineering related companies,. We also have universities and colleges that offer engineering programs to students from overseas. Contribution by Engineers is significant.

We still have room for improvement. In Malaysia, sadly, the awareness of Health, Safety and Environment is still lacking. Every year, many people die in road accidents especially during the festive seasons. Our accident rates at construction sites is very high. We have industries that pollute our rivers, air, land and sea.

As any country that strives to be developed, we have to improve our awareness in HSE. In develop countries, the environment, the air, water and land is clean. Develop countries put in much effort to restore the clean environment. Rivers in the UK is clean and waters clear. Fishes thrive. Air is clean. Get some examples too.

One lesson that I learnt after the recent General Election is people appreciate those who care for them. Many NGOs members were elected by the people to State Assemblies and Parliament. We can use this experience to enhance the image of our profession in society.

We as engineers too have to play a significant role in society. But before that, we have to ensure that we have to contribute to our company.

We can help the society by joining IEM. Through IEM, we can volunteer our services to schools to give safety talks, to do safety audits. We can join the village JKKP to help villages attain a higher HSE standards. We can hold exhibitions in Shopping Centers in cities when the crowd is on weekends. We can organise games during to the shoppers at the complex. We can contribute to Radio Taik shows. We can have a more attractive Website for the public about safety ( At the present, the website is dull). We can host TV shows about safety. We can publish articles in major newspaper about HSE. We have to be selfless and educate the people. The government will then take notice of the sacrifices of engineers in IEM.

When we have the attention of the government, then the government will give significant voice to IEM. We can start by maybe getting the menteri besar of Perak who is a Professional Engineer to offer our service to Perak residents. Maybe, we can improve from there.

engineers can keep abreast with the development of technology without confining to ones specific roles or disciplines

Updates thru -Professional Organisation / Society ie IEM / IEEE / IET -forums / dialogues / discussion / seminar / workshop / talks-between colleagues / companies / different industries / disciplines / countries ie as those organized by IEM -IT- internet / books / journals / bulletin / magazine ie Jurutera by IEM -social activities with all engineers of different fields, also to enhance relationship between engineers in different disciplines -visits -Cross-functional team / task force in a company work hand in hand even in different units /sections, different ideas / point of view/aspects to solve problems

Read internet, go visit other countries, go and study master,.