Estimate

4 2
1
10 9
lim
1
x
x x
x

+
+
using a table.

4 2
1
10 9
lim 16
1
x
x x
x

+
=
+


Estimate the left, right and overall limits for the following
x-values:

x-value Left Hand
Limit
Right Hand
Limit
Overall
LImit
-4 1 2 DNE
-3 1 1 1
-2 2 2 2
-1 5 5 5
0 3 3 3
1 1 1 1
2 - DNE
3 3 2 DNE
Determine if the following limits exist using algebraic
methods:

a)
0
1
1
1
lim
x
x
x

+

b)
2
3
2
4
lim
8
x
x
x

+

c)
0
lim
4 2
x
x
x

+

d)
2
6
5 14
lim
7
x
x x
x

a)
b)
c)
d)
Let ()

.

Determine:

1)

()
2)

()
3)

()

4)

()
5)

()
6)

()

7)

()
8)

()
9)

()
1)
2)
3) DNE

4)
5)
6)

7)
8)
9)
Evaluate the following limits analytically (i.e. prove using
algebra, not a table or a graph).

1)
3
0
sin
lim
sin
x
x
x

2)
0
1 cos
lim
sin
x
x
x

3)
0
sec 2
lim
cos tan
x
x
x x

+

4)
2
0
sec 1
lim
x
x
x

1)
2)
3)
4)

Show algebraically that
0
1
lim cos 0
x
x
x

= . You might need

to graph it first to see what the function looks like.


Since

is always trapped between and , this

function is always going to be trapped between and
(or you could say || and ||).

Thus,

So

Write a rational function with a nonremovable
discontinuity at and a removable continuity
at .

Write a piecewise function with nonremovable
discontinuity at and a removable continuity
at .
Examples (though there are literally infinite number of
correct answers)

()

( )( )

() {




For the problems below, discuss the continuity of the
composite function () (())

1) ()

()
2) ()

()

3) ()

()
1) () ( )

is continuous everywhere.
2) ()

has nonremovable continuities at

both and .
3) ()

is continuous over ( ).
Determine if the function below is continuous everywhere.

() {

||
||

The two possible spots it could be discontinuous are at
and .
But, at ,
()

so the limit exists and equals ,

and then () . Thus, the limit and the function are
equal to each other at , so the function is continuous
there.

Similarly, at ,
()

so the limit exists and

equals , and then () . The function is
continuous.

Everywhere else, the function is well behaved, so thus it is
continuous everywhere.
Determine all values of the constants and such that the
function below is continuous EVERYWHERE.

() {









Hint: You will need a system of equations and there are
two points that will really help you.
Prove that

at least once on the interval

Rewrite as ()

. Now we just need to

prove that this function has a zero on

. Okay, so check
() and (

) . Since is between ()
and (

), and since the function is continuous because it

is made up of three continuous functions added and
subtracted, the Intermediate Value Theorem Applies.
Thus, there exists a point on the interval such that
() , or in other words,

, or in
other words,

.

Confused Math Student: It says here that if a continuous
function does not have a zero on a certain interval, then
that means that the function is either always positive on
that interval or always negative.

You: Well, that makes sense, because...
[ANSWER IN WORDS]

Confused Math Student: But what if I choose the function
()

over the interval ? This function doesnt

have a zero, BUUUT () and () , so the
function isnt always positive or always negative.

You: Ya zalamey, heres whats wrong with your thinking.
[ANSWER IN WORDS]

We can use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show why.
If the function was NOT always positive or always negative,
that means that there would be a function value greater
than zero and a function value less than zero, and since the
function is continuous, but the Intermediate Value
Theorem this would show the existence of a zero we
started with a function that didnt have a zero! Think of it
like this: if a function never passes through zero, how is it
ever going to go from positive values to negative values?



()

is not continuous over so the situation

described in the problem does not apply (because
Intermediate Value Theorem does not apply).
Determine each limit without the use of your calculator.

1)
0
lim3cot
x
x
+

2)
0
2
lim
cos
x
x
+

3) lim
csc
x
x
x
t

1)

2)

3)
Determine each limit without the use of your calculator.

4)
3
0
1
lim
x
x
x
+

| |

|
\ .

5)
3 2
2
1
lim
4
x
x

6)
2
0
cos
lim
x
x
x

1)

2)

3)