Brand name Acifre, Acipres, Famazol, Flazomel, Gastriloc, Hovizol, Lomezek, Lopep, Loprezol Generic name Omeprazole Category:

Gastric acid pump inhibitor Action of Omeprazole Omeprazole is converted to active metabolites that irreversibly bind and inhibit H+-K+-ATPase (an enzyme on the surface of gastric parietal cells). It inhibits transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen. Omeprazole increases the gastric pH and reduces gastric acid formation. Indication treat conditions where there is an increase in the gastric acid of the stomach Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Omeprazole Side Effects of Omeprazole

Headache Diarrhea Abdominal pain Nausea Dizziness Asthenia (loss of strength) Vomiting Constipation Upper respiratory tract infection Back pain Rash Cough

Nursing Considerations for Clients Taking Omeprazole

Give before meals Do not crush or chew tablets, swallow whole Evaluate for therapeutic response like relief of Gastrointestinal symptoms Question if Gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and diarrhea occurs.

Patient Teaching

Report headache Do not chew or crush tablets Take before eating

Brand name Altacef, Ambixime, Bactipoz, Cefogen, Ceftin, Cefucil, Cefuzime Generic name Cefuroxime Class: Antibiotic, Cephalosporin Action of Cefuroxime Cefuroxime binds to bacterial membranes. It inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall. Indication treat otitis media, respiratory tract, genitourniary tract, gynecologic, skin, and bone infections, speticemia, bacterial meningitis, gonorrhea, and other gonococcal infections Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Cefuroxime

Side Effects of Cefuroxime

Discomfort with IM administration Oral candidiasis (mouth and/or tongue sores) Mild diarrhea Mild abdominal cramping Vaginal candidiasis Nausea Serum sickness reaction (joint pain, fever) Allergic reactions Thrombophlebitis

Adverse Reactions of Cefuroxime

Antibiotic-associated colitis Superinfection Nephrotoxicity Severe hypersensitivity reactions

Nursing Considerations for Clients Taking Cefuroxime

Question for history of allergies, particularly cephalosporins and penicillins. Give without regards to meals. If GI upset occurs give with food or milk. Avoid crushing tablets due to bitter taste. Suspension must be given with food. Intramuscular injections must be administered deep IM to minimize discomfort. Assess mouth for white patches on mucous membranes and tongue. Monitor bowel activity and stool consistency carefully. Mild GI effects may be tolerable but increasing severity may indicate onset of antibiotic-associated colitis. Monitor input and output and renal function reports for nephrotoxicity. Be alert for superinfection: severe genital or anal pruritus, abdominal pain, severe mouth soreness, moderate to severe diarrhea.

Patient Teachings for Clients Taking

Discomfort may occur with IM injection. Doses should be evenly spaced. Continue antibiotic therapy for full length of treatment. May cause GI upset (may take with food or milk).

Brand name Duphalac Generic name Lactulose Class: Hyperosmotic agent Action of Lactulose Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase thus preventing replication in susceptible bacteria Indication Constipation,salmonellosis. Treatmentof hepaticencephalopathy Side effect Abdominal discomfort associated with flatulence and intestinal cramps. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea on prolonged use. Nursing consideration Do Not Freeze Under recommended storage conditions, a normal darkening of color may occur. Such darkening is characteristic of sugar solutions and does not affect therapeutic action. Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30 C (86 F) or to direct light may cause extreme darkening and turbidity which may be pharmaceutically objectionable. If this condition develops, do not use. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures may cause change to a semisolid, too viscous to pour. Viscosity will return to normal upon warming to room temperature.

Dispense in original container or in a tight, light-resistant container with child-resistant closure as defined in the USP. Generic name Mefenamic Brand name Ponstan, Ponstel Classifications: central nervous system agent; analgesic; nsaid; antipyretic Prototype: Ibuprofen Pregnancy Category: C NURSING IMPLICATIONS Assessment & Drug Effects * Assess patients who develop severe diarrhea and vomiting for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. * Lab tests: With long-term therapy (not recommended) obtain periodic complete blood counts, Hct and Hgb, and kidney function tests. Patient & Family Education * Discontinue drug promptly if diarrhea, dark stools, hematemesis, ecchymoses, epistaxis, or rash occur and do not use again. Contact physician. * Notify physician if persistent GI discomfort, sore throat, fever, or malaise occur. * Do not drive or engage in potentially hazardous activities until response to drug is known. It may cause dizziness and drowsiness. * Monitor blood glucose for loss of glycemic control if diabetic. * Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician