Hebrew Day and Month Names

The language of Hebrew (both ancient and modern) tends Church or Churchill (referring to the person Winston to be rather simplistic in its structure and use. This article Churchill.) discusses the names (or rather the lack thereof in most Secular Weekday Name Hebrew "Name" Hebrew Meaning cases) of the weekdays and the months. Sunday Yom Reeshone First day Home Page Display of Dates Monday Yom Shaynee Second day Aside from the normal secular date, we have added the Tuesday Yom Shleeshee Third day weekday name according to Hebrew custom (with Hebrew meaning and pronunciation shown in red) and the Wednesday Yom Reveeee Fourth day current Hebrew date. All of this is displayed automatically. Between the secular and Hebrew dates is a Thursday Yom Khahmeeshee Fifth day "Makheetzah" which is a dividing curtain or wall Friday Yom Hasheeshee Sixth day separating the holy from the secular (or common). This Makhitzah also graphically displays in red the current day Saturday Shabbat Rest of the week. Hebrew Weekdays Except for the Sabbath day, the individual days of the week have no names, just numbers. The middle column in the table below gives the actual transliterated pronunciation of the names. Yom is pronounced "Yome". The "Kh" is a guttural sound often spelled as "Ch". There is no "Ch" sound in Hebrew as there is in English. Modern Hebrew, however, can create a "Ch" sound by putting an accent mark ( ) in front of the Hebrew letter "Khet" (or "Chet"). This is used only in rare cases in order to properly pronounce such words or names as

Compare these to the origins and meanings of the secular weekday names

Babylonian vs. Biblical Calendars This table is divided into two sections because of the changes made in the calendar as a result of the Babylonian exile. After the Jews were exiled from Judah to Babylonia in 586 B.C.E., they adopted Babylonian names for the months of the year. Nevertheless, they still have important meanings in whole scheme of things. Not only do most of the names of the Babylonian months have appropriate meanings, but there is also an important theme that applies to these months (Babylonian or Biblical).
Biblical Calendar Meaning of Biblical Months (Harvesting Schedule) Biblical Feasts

Mo. #

Babylonian Calendar

Meaning of Babylonian Months

Theme of Month (Babylonian & Biblical)

Nisan

Their flight

Redemption, Miracles

Abib

Ripening of grain [Barley, Wheat] Splendor or Radiance [Flowers] (Barley harvest) (Wheat harvest)

Passover, Unleavened Bread, Firstfruits

Iyyar

(natural) healing

Introspection, Self improvement

Ziv

Sivan

Bright - their covering

Giving of Torah

3rd

Feast of Weeks (Pentecost)

4 5 6

Tammuz Av Elul

Hidden - giver of Sin of the Golden the vine Calf, guarding of the (A Phoenician eyes deity) Father A vain thing Av the Comforter Repentance

4th 5th 6th (Fruit harvest)

nothingness 7 Tishri Beginning (from reishit) Eighth Security, trust Good (from "Tov") meaning unknown Strength Month of the Strong or Month of the Ancients The Flood (of Noach) (Restful) Sleep Divine Grace Tree of Life Good Fortune Ethanim Ever-flowing streams Produce (in the sense of rain) Rosh HaShannah, Yom Kippur, Succot

8 9 10 11 12 13

Kheshvan Kislev Tevet Shevat Adar * Adar II

Bul 9th 10th 11th 12th

* Additional month added during Leap Years. About EST 2:16 - So Esther was taken to king Ahasuerus to his every 3rd year. There are 7 leap years in a 19 year cycle. royal palace in the tenth month, which is the month Compare these to the origins and meanings of the Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign. ZEC 1:7 - On the twenty fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Shebat, in the second year of Biblical References to the Babylonian Months NEH 2:1 - And it came to pass in the month Nisan, in the Darius, the word of the Lord came to Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet, saying: twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, that wine was before him; and I took up the wine, and gave it to the EST 3:7 - In the first month, that is, the month Nisan, in king. Now I had never been sad before in his presence. EST 3:7 - In the first month, that is, the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is, the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast Pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar. EST 3:13 - And the letters were sent by couriers to all the month, to the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar. kings provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all EST 8:9 - Then were the kings scribes called at that time Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on its twenty one day, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to plunder their goods. third day; And it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded to the Jews, and to the satraps, and EST 8:12 - On one day in all the provinces of king the governors and the princes of the provinces which are Ahasuerus,on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar. from Hodu* to Kush**, one hundred twenty and seven provinces, to every province according to its writing, and EST 9:1 - And in the twelfth month, that is, the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the kings to every people in their own language, and to the Jews command and his decree drew near to be put in execution, according to their writing, and according to their in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have language. power over them, though it was turned to the contrary, * India that the Jews had rule over those who hated them; ** That is, the upper Nile region EST 9:15-21 - For the Jews who were in Shushan gathered themselves together also on the fourteenth day of NEH 6:15 - So the wall was finished in the twenty fifth the month Adar, and slew three hundred men at Shushan; day of the month Elul, in fifty two days. but on the plunder they did not lay their hand. 16. But the other Jews who were in the kings provinces ZEC 7:1 - And it came to pass in the fourth year of king gathered themselves together, and stood for their lives, Darius, that the word of the Lord came to Zechariah on and had rest from their enemies, and slew of their foes the fourth day of the ninth month, which is Kislev; NEH 1:1 - The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah. seventy five thousand, but they laid not their hands on the And it came to pass in the month Kislev, in the twentieth plunder, 17. On the thirteenth day of the month Adar; and on the year, when I was in Shushan the capital,

secular months of the year

fourteenth day of the same they rested, and made it a day of feasting and gladness. 18. But the Jews who were at Shushan assembled together on the thirteenth day of the month, and on the fourteenth day; and on the fifteenth day of the same they rested, and made it a day of feasting and gladness. 19. Therefore the Jews of the villages, who lived in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a holiday, and of sending portions one to another. 20. And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters to all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both near and far, 21. To establish this among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly, EZRA 6:15 - And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king. The Biblical Months - The Month of Abib EXO 13:4 - This day came you out in the month Abib. EXO 23:15 - You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread; you shall eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded you, in the time appointed in the month Abib; for in it you came out from Egypt; and none shall appear before me empty; EXO 34:18 - The Feast of Unleavened Bread shall you keep. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, in the time of the month Abib; for in the month Abib you came out from Egypt. DEU 16:1 - Observe the month of Abib, and keep the Passover to the Lord your God; for in the month of b the Lord your God brought you out of Egypt by night. The Month of Ziv 1KI 6:1 - And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth* year after the people of Israel came out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomons reign over Israel, in the month Ziv, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the Lord. * Hebrew; Septuagint four hundred and fortieth 1KI 6:37 - In the fourth year was the foundation of the house of the Lord laid, in the month Ziv; The Month of Bul 1KI 6:38 - And in the eleventh year, in the month Bul, which is the eighth month, was the house finished in all its parts, and according to all its specifications. And he was seven years in building it. The Month of Ethanim

1KI 8:2 - And all the men of Israel assembled themselves to king Solomon at the feast in the month Ethanim, which is the seventh month. Scripture from the Soncino, Judaic Classics Collection
The Origins of the Secular Names for the Days of the Week We saw how the Hebrew weekdays have no names (except Shabbat). The secular weekday names, however, have very different and unbiblical origins. Every day name is associated with a planet and a pagan god.
Abbreviations of Languages Used

Dan. - Danish D. - Dutch or Belgic Fr. - French G. - German Ir. - Irish, Hiberno-Celtic, and Gaelic

L. - Latin Sax. - Saxon or AngloSaxon Sp. - Spanish Sw. - Swedish W. - Welsh

It. - Italian The information (shown in black) in the "Origins of Name" column comes from Noah Webster's original 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language.
Weekday Planet God Name Origins of Name

Sunday

[Sax. sunna-dg; G. sonntag; D. zondag; Dan. sndag; Sw. Sun sondag; so called because this Sun god day was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship.] The first day of the week. Moon Moon god [Sax. monandg; D. maandag; G. nontag; moon and day; being formerly sacred to that planet.] The second day of the week. [Sw. Tisdag; Dan. Tirsdag; D. Dingsdag; G. Dingstag; Sax. Tiwsdg or Tuesdg, from Tig, Tiig, or Tuisco, the Mars of our ancestors, the deity that presided over combats, strife and litigation. Hence Tuesday is court day, assize day; the day for combat or commencing litigation. The third day of the week.

Monday

Tuesday

Mars Tiw

Wednesday Mercury [Sax. Wodensdg; Woden's

Woden

day; Sw. Odenstag or Onsdag; from Wodin or Odin, a deity or chief among the northern nations of Europe.] The fourth day of the week.

It. - Italian

W. - Welsh

The information in the "Origins of Name" column comes from Noah Webster's original 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language.
Month Name of God or Personality Origins of Name

Thursday

[Dan. Torsdag, that is, Thor's day, the day consecrated to Thor, the god of thunder answering to the Jove of the Greeks and Romans, L. dies Jovis; It. Giovedi; Sp. Jueves; Fr. Jeudi. So in G. donnerstag, D. donderdag, thunderday. This Jupiter Thor is from the root of W. Thor taran, thunder; taraw, to strike, hit or produce a shock; Gaelic, Ir. toirn, a great noise; toirneas, thunder. The root of the word signifies to drive, to fush, to strike. In Sw. thorndon is thunder.] The fifth day of the week [Sax. frig-dg; G. freitag; D. Venus vrydag; from Frigga, the Venus goddess of the north; D. vrouw, G. frau, Frigg or Ir. frag, a woman.] Freia The sixth day of the week, formerly consecrated to Frigga. Saturn Roman god Saturn [Sax. Ster-dag; D. Saturdag; Saturn's day.] The last day of the week; the day next preceding the sabbath. The day of the Sabbath.

January

Roman god Janus

Friday

[Ir. gionbhar or gionvar; Russ. genvar; Fr. janvier; It. gennaio; Sp. enero; Port. janeiro; L. januarius. It is evident from the Irish and Russian words, that the first syllable of January, is from the root of L. geno, to beget, Eng. to begin, Sax. aginnan. Var is said to signify a revolution. January then signifies the beginning, or first month. Janus is probably from the same root.] The first month of the year, according to the present computation. At the foundation of Rome, March was considered the first month. January and February were introduced by Numa Pompilius. [L. Februarius; Fr. Fevrier; It. Febbraio; Sp. Febrero; Arm. Fevrer; Port. Fevereiro; Ir. Feabhra; Russ. Phebral. The Latin word is said to be named from februo, to purify by sacrifice, and thus to signify the month of purification, as the people were, in this month, purified by sacrifices and oblations. The word februo is said to be a Sabine word, connected with ferveo, ferbeo, to boil, as boiling was used in purifications. This practice bears a resemblance to that of making atonement amoung the Jews; but the connection between ferveo and February is doubtful.] The name of the second month of the year.

Saturday

The Origins of the Secular Names for the Months of the Year In this case only a few of the names of the months are associated with certain gods or personalities, whereas the others simply come from Latin origins to indicate the order (number) in which it appeared in the old Roman calendar.
Abbreviations of Languages Used

February

Arm. - Armoric Corn. - Cornish Eng. - English Fr. - French Ir. - Irish, Hiberno-Celtic, and Gaelic

L. - Latin Port. - Portuguese Russ. - Russian Sax. - Saxon or AngloSaxon Sp. - Spanish March Roman god

[L. Mars, the god of war.] The third month of the year.

Mars April [L. aprilis; Fr. avril; Sp. abril; Ir. abrail; Corn. ebril; W. ebrill.] The fourth month of the year. [L. Maius; Fr. Mai; It. Maggio; Sp. Mayo.] Greek The fifth month of the year, goddess beginning with January, but the Maia third beginning with March, as was the ancient practice of the Romans. [L. junius; Fr. juin; It. giugno; Sp. junio.] Roman The sixth month of the year, god Juno when the sun enters the sign Cancer. The seventh month of the year, during which the sun enters the sign Leo. It is so called from Julius, the surname of Caius Roman Cesar, who was born in this emperor month. Before that time, this Julius month was called Quintilis, or Caesar the fifth month, according to the old Roman calendar, in which March was the first month of the year. [L. augustus. The first sylable of this word is probably from the root of augeo, or of awe.] The eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days. The old Roman name was Sextilis, Roman the sixth month from March, the emperor month in which the primitive Augustus Romans, as well as Jews, began Caesar the year. The name was changed to August in honor of the Emperor Octavius Augustus, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month. [L. from septem, seven; Fr. septembre; It. settembre; Sp. septiembre.] The seventh month from March, which was formerly the first month of the year. September is now the ninth month of the year. October

[L. from octo, eighth; the eighth month of the primitive Roman year which began in March.] The tenth month of the year in our calendar, which follows that of Numa and Julius Cesar. [L. from novem, nine; the ninth month, according to the ancient Roman year, beginning in March.] The eleventh month of the year. [L. december, from decem, ten; this being the tenth month among the early Romans, who began the year in March.] The last month in the year, in which the sun enters the tropic of Capricorn, and makes the winter solstice.

May

November

June

December

July

Here are some related links from which much of the material on this page comes: Inner.org - www.inner.org/times/times.htm Jewish Community Online www.jewish.com/holidays/tishrei.shtml By YashaNet Staff March, 2003 Adar II, 5763

August

September