School of Engineering and Information Technology ASSESSMENT COVER SHEET

Student Name Student ID Assessment Title Unit Number and Title Lecturer/Tutor Date Submitted MUHAMMAD ABDUL JABBAR SALEH S214437 PRACTICAL 1 ENG224 ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER SYSTEMS K.DEBNATH 22-08-2011

Date Received Office use only KEEP A COPY Please be sure to make a copy of your work. If you have submitted assessment work electronically make sure you have a backup copy. PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is the presentation of the work of another without acknowledgement. Students may use a limited amount of information and ideas expressed by others but this use must be identified by appropriate referencing. CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is misconduct as defined under the Student Conduct By-Laws. The penalties associated with plagiarism are designed to impose sanctions on offenders that reflect the seriousness of the Universitys commitment to academic integrity. I declare that all material in this assessment is my own work except where there is a clear acknowledgement and reference to the work of others. I have read the Universitys Academic and Scientific Misconduct Policy and understand its implications.* http://www.cdu.edu.au/governance/documents/3.3academicandscientificmisconduct.doc.

Signedajabbar..Date22-08-2011..
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School of Engineering and Information Technology Faculty of Education, Health and Science

1 Higher Education

ENG22 ELEC 24 CTRICAL MACH L HINES A AND POW WER ELEC CTRONI ICS
PRA ACTICAL 1
Title: Open circuit and short circuit tests for a TRANSF a r FORMER. Objectiv ve: The objective of this prac T e ctical is to de etermine the equivalent c circuits parameter of a single-ph hase transfor rmer from op and shor circuit test pen rt ts.

nsformer ava ailable in the LAB can be viewed as: e e : The Tran

Turn Ra atio: A transformers turn ratio can be defin as: ned a= Where V1, I1, and N1 are voltag current, an number o turns of pr V N ge, nd of rimary side of the transform mer. And V2, I2, and N2 are voltages, current, and number of turns of sec a , d f condary side of the e transform mer.

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Equivalent Circuit of a Transform f mer:

Equipme ent: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Variable AC voltage Sou V urce. Two AC voltm T meters to me easure prima and seco ary ondary voltag ges. One AC amm O meter to meas sure the mag gnetizing cur rrent (about 5% of rated current). d Two AC amm T meters to me easure the rat currents of the two w ted windings. Watt meter to measure po W o ower. Wheatstones Bridge for measuremen of winding resistances Alternativ W s nt g s. vely, a dc pow wer su upply and a multimeter. 7. DC power sup D pply as wheatstones bri idge was not available in the lab to m t n mesure wind ding re esistance Procedure: Make and Pow ratings of the transf M wer o former.

Ther part ticular transf former used in the Lab was a three p w phase transfo ormer and ha aving one primary and two prim a maries but no Taps were found just s o separate conn nection prov vided for eac ch secondar But we were using on one secon ry. w nly ndary and in single phas Ratings a given bel n se. are low.

MAKE OF TRAN E NSFORMER: GAYRA AD PR RIMARY 415v Vp 1.61A Ip

Vs Is

M Model: P200 0 P Power: 2000 0W SE ECONDAR R 2 x 100v 2 x 3.131A

atio p/Vs = 415/1 = 4.15 which mean it was a st down tr 100 w ns tep ransformer. Turn Ra = a = Vp

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Mea asureme ents

1. Open ci ircuit test: :
Circuit: C Ke the HV side open (i. not conne eep .e. ected to any load). Ap pply rated vo oltage to the LV side. e Measure VOC, IOC and POC. M C Al measure the open-cir lso rcuit voltage on the HV side. e

Readings: R Ioc Voc Poc Vo.c at HV H side 1.17A A 100V V 10W W 395V V

Calculations: C
2 VOC =(100)2/10 = 1000 = 1k = k POC

o Core loss resistance= R C =

IC VOC RC

= 10 00/1000 = 10 00mA =1.17 0.1 1.16 65A so

2 2 I m I OC I C

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o Magnetiz zing Reactan = X m nce

VOC Im

= 100/1 .165 = 85.78 83

2. Short Circuit Tes C sts.

Short circuit the low volta side thro t age ough an amm meter of appr ge. ropriate rang Apply a low voltage (less than 2% of the rated vo A v s f oltage) to the HV windin keeping a e ng an ey on the am ye mmeter on th LV side so that the cur he o rrent does no exceed th rating on t ot he that si ide. In ncrease the voltage slow from zero until rated current flow through th LV windi v wly o ws he ing.

At this situati rated cu A ion, urrent must also flow thro a ough the HV winding on which side you V n e ar doing the measuremen now. Me re nts easure VSC, P SC and ISC

Circuit: C

Readings: R

Is.c Vsc Ps.c

Calculation C ns:

3.16A 4.6V 1W W
PSC
2 I SC

o Copper lo osses = PSC (because RC is virtually s ( shunted by th short circ he cuit.) = 1W o Equivalen winding re nt esistance, R eq o = 1/ /3.162 = 0.1 =4 4.6/3.16A = 1.455 0.1 1.452

Equivalent winding impedance, Z eq i

VSC I SC

2 2 o Equivalen winding re nt eactance, X eq Z eq R e = 1.455 5 e eq

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Im mpedance Transfer: T

Secondar side impedance can be transferred to primary side be mul ry d ltiplying with a2. h Then equ uivalent circu showing Req and Xe is as given below. uit eq n

So Req= R1+a2R2 and Xeq= X1 + a2X2 a 1 As we kn a and we can determ now w mined primar or second ry dary resistanc by using a wheatston ce ne bridge so Req can be divided into R1 and R2 and Xeq in X1 and X easily. o e o 2 nto X2

3. Winding resistanc ce

Now we will calculat winding resistances. As we could not find a W te r A d Wheatstone b bridge so we uses e a DC pow supply and an amm wer a meter to meas sure power. Reading gs:
Vs = 0.10V Is = 346mA A Rs = 0.289 a= 0.43/0.10 = 4.3 k s evious step so we can write o e Now We know Rs and Req that was found in pre Vp= =0.43V Ip = 130.1mA Rp= 3.3 =

Req= R1 2R2 = R1 + R2 1+a 1 So R1=R = 0.1=0.28 Rs 89 and R2= a2R2=5.34 R So Req= 3.3 + 5.34= 8.64 =

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Part 2: Construction of Power Transformer.

Two transformers were inspected outside of the LAB details are given below. Construction material: Mostly of iron Number of phases: Both were 3 phase connection of phases: Primary delta and secondary in star Winding material and thickness: Winding material was copper of about 1.5 to 2mm. Insulation used: Different types of insulation was use e.g in one a special fabric material was used along with strips of wood and somewhere a hard paper material was seen. Core material and thickness: Iron plates about 1mm. Placement of one winding on top of other: One transformer on right hand side was of core type while the other one was of shell type. Taps available? On which side? Yes, taps were available on both transformers and were on the secondary side.

Part 3: Question to answer

Why did you plan to make measurement on the LV side for OCT and on the HV side for the SCT. AsPowerintransformerremainssameonbothsidessoLowvoltagesidemeanshighcurrent andhighvoltagesidemeanslowcurrent.Ifmaybewedonthaveanyapparatustomeasure highcurrentonLVsideandonHVsidewecaneasilymeasurecurrentwiththeammeter availableinLABs.HV side voltage is high & no-load current is smaller.
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