Appendix A

STANDARD VALUES FOR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY ACCEPTABILITY ASPECTS (PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD FOR DRINKING WATER 2007) Maximum level Constituents (mg/mL) or Remarks Methods of Analysis characteristics No objectionable The cause of taste must be Sensory Evaluation Taste Taste determined Technique No objectionable The cause of taste must be Sensory Evaluation Odor odor determined Technique Decomposition of organic materials such as leaves or woods usually yield coloring substances to water; Color: 10 Color Units/ Tannins, humic acid, and humates Visual Comparison Apparent/ 5 Color Units from the decomposition of lignin; Colorimetric True Insoluble form of iron and manganese; colored suspended matters Turbidity increases with the quantity Turbidity 5 NTU Turbidimetry of suspended matters in water Aluminum sulfate is used in water FAAS, EAS, ICP, Aluminum 0.2 treatment as coagulants Colorimetric method Chloride in drinking water originates Chloride from natural sources, sewage and Argentometric 250.0 industrial effluents, urban runoff, and Method, IC seawater intrusion. Copper in drinking water occurs FAAS, EAS, ICP, primarily as corrosion of interior of Neocuproine Copper 1.0 copper plumbing especially with acid Method, pH or high-carbonate waters with Bathcuproine alkaline pH. Method Hardness is due to the presence of naturally occurring divalent cations, such as calcium, magnesium, and strontium resulting from contact of FAAS, EAS, ICP, Hardness 300 as CaCO3 acidic groundwater with rocks such Colorimetric method as limestone and dolomites. Hardness beyond the standard value maybe acceptable for drinking by the consumers in certain areas. Hydrogen Sulfide may be generated Methylene Blue Hydrogen by microorganisms under anaerobic 0.05 Method, Iodometric Sulfide conditions in both swamps, marshes, Method eutrophic lakes and groundwater.

Iron

1.0

Manganese

0.4

pH

6.5-8.5 5-7 for product water that undergone reverse osmosis or distillation process

Sodium

200

Applicable for existing and new water supply systems. Iron is found in natural fresh waters. It may be present in drinking water as a result of the use or iron coagulants or the corrosion of steel and cast iron pipes during water distribution. Applicable for existing and new water supply systems. Manganese is naturally occurring in many surface and groundwater sources, particularly in anaerobic or low oxidation conditions. The pH range is based on aesthetic consideration only. The acceptable range may be broader in the absence of a distribution system. pH is important as operational water quality parameter.. Sodium is usually associated with chloride, thus, it may have the same sources in drinking water as chloride. Water softeners can add significantly to sodium content in drinking water especially from refilling stations. High levels of sulfate naturally occurs in groundwater.

Phenanthroline, AAS, ICP, Colorimetric Method

Persulfate Method, AAS, ICP, ICP/MS

Electrometric Method

AAS(Flame absorption mode), ICP/MS, Flame photometry Turbidimetric Method, Ion Chromatography, Gravimetric Method Gravimetric, dried at 180C

Sulfate

250 500 <10 for product water that undergone reverse osmosis or distillation process

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

TDS in drinking water originate from natural sources, sewage, urban runoff and industrial wastewater.

Zinc may occur naturally in groundwater. Concentration in tap Zinc 5.0 FAAS, ICP, ICP/MS water can be much higher as a result of dissolution of zinc from pipes. AAS- Atomic Absorption Spectrometry EAAS-Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry FAAS-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ICP/ AES- Inductively Coupled Plasma/ Atomic Emission Spectrometry ICP/MS- Inductively Couple Plasma/ Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS)