"Universidad NACIONAL

FEDERICO VILLARREAL".
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF TOURISM AND
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

TEACHER: QUISPE SÁNCHEZ, JULIO

SUBJECT: STATISTICS FOR BUSINESS
SHIFT: AFTERNOON
ROOM: C1-1
TOPIC: HYPOTHESIS TESTING
MEMBERS:
 BARRETO TULLUME,
CRISTINA
 CERPA HUARCAYA, JHORDAN
 DEL ROSARIO DIOS, JOCELI
 HINOSTROZA CHAHUA,
CAROLINE
 ROJAS ARCOS, MARICIELO

LIMA - PERU

2017
 EXERCISES FROM
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
1. The following information has been provided:
H0: µ = 50
H1 : µ ≠ 50
The sample mean is 49, and the sample size is 36. The population standard
deviation is 5. Use a significance level of 0.05.

α = 0.05

ẋ−µ 49−50
z= Ó z= 5 = -1.2
√n
❑
√36
❑

-1.96 -1.2 1.96

a) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

It is a two-tailed test.
b) What is the decision rule?
H0 is acceptedif : -1.96 ≤ z ≤ 1.96, otherwiseH1 is accepted.
c) How much is the statistical magnitude of the test worth?
z = -1.2
d) What is the decision regarding H0?
Since z = -1.2 falls in the acceptance region,Ho is accepted.
e) What is the p-value?
p = 0.5000 - 0.3849 = 2(0.1151) = 0.2302
Therefore, it is evidence that H0is true since p exceeds 0.10.
2. The following information is available:
H0: µ ≤ 10
H1 : µ > 10
The sample mean is 12 for a sample of 36. The population standard
deviation is 3. Use a significance level of 0.02.

α = 0.02
ẋ−µ 12−10
z= Ó z= 3 =4
√n
❑
√ 36
❑

2.327 4

a) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

It is a one-tailed test.
b) What is the decision rule?
H0 is acceptedif : z ≤ 1.96, otherwiseH1 is accepted.
c) How much is the statistical magnitude of the test worth?
z=4
d) What is the decision regarding H0?
Since z = 4 falls in the rejection region,Ho is rejected.
e) What is the p-value?
There is no value with z = 4, therefore, p is not true because it is null.

3. A sample of 36 observations is selected from a normal population. The

sample mean is 21, and the sample standard deviation is 5. Use a
significance level of 0.05.
H0: µ ≤ 20
 H1 : µ > 20

α = 0.05
ẋ−µ 21−20
z= Ó z= 5 = 1.2
√n
❑
√ 36
❑

1.2 1.96

a) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

It is a one-tailed test.
b) What is the decision rule?
H1 is acceptedif : z < 1.96, otherwise, H0 is accepted.
c) How much is the statistical magnitude of the test worth?
z = 1.2
d) What is the decision regarding H0?
Since z = 1.2 falls in the acceptance region,Ho is accepted.
e) What is the p-value?
p = 0.5000 - 0.3849 = 0.1151 + 0.5000 = 0.6151
Therefore, it is evidence that H0is true since p is greater than 0.10.

4. A sample of 64 observations is selected from a normal population. The

sample mean is 215, and the sample standard deviation is 15. Use a
significance level of 0.03.
H0: µ ≥ 220
H1 : µ < 220

α = 0.03
ẋ−µ 215−220
z= Ó z= 15 = 2.67
√n
❑
√ 64
❑
 -2.17 2.67

a) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

It is a one-tailed test.
b) What is the decision rule?
H0 is rejectedif : z < -2.17, otherwise, H0 is accepted.
c) How much is the statistical magnitude of the test worth?
z = 2.67
d) What is the decision regarding H0?
Since z = 4 falls in the acceptance region,Ho is accepted.
e) What is the p-value?
p = 0.5000 - 0.4962 = 0.0038 + 0.5000 = 0.5038
Therefore, it is evidence that H0is true since p exceeds 0.10.

5. The manufacturer of the X-15 steel belted radial tire for trucks states that the
average mileage of the tire in serviceable condition is 60,000. The standard
deviation of the runs is 5,000. A trucking company purchased 48 tires and found
that the average life for its trucks was 59,500 miles. Is the experience of such a
company different from that expressed by the manufacturer at the 0.05 significance
level?

Data:
µ= 60,000
ѳ= 5,000
n=48
x=59,500
z=± 1,96
Ho: µ= µo
Ha: µ <µo
Solution:
z= x - µ / ѳ / ❑√ n
z= 59,500 -60,000/ 5,000/ ❑√ 48
z= - 0,693
Rpta: If Ho is accepted, i.e. the
mileage is 60,000

6. A restaurant chain (Mac Burger) claims that the average customer waiting time
for service is normally distributed, with a mean of 3 minutes and a standard
deviation of 1 minute. The quality assurance department found in a sample of 50
customers at a certain restaurant that the average waiting time was 2.75 min. At
the 0.05 significance level. Is it possible to conclude that this time is less than 3
min?

Data:

µ=3 minutes

ѳ=1 minute

n=50

x=2.75minutes

z=± 1,96

Ho: µ= µo

Ha: µ <µo

Solution:

z= x - µ / ѳ / ❑√ n

z= 2.75 - 3 / 1/ ❑√ 50
z= - 1.76

Rpta: If Ho is accepted, i.e. it is less than 3 minutes.

7. A recent national survey found that high school students watched an average of
6.8 videos per month. A random sample of 36 college students revealed that the
average number of videos watched last month was 6.2, with a standard deviation
of 0.5. At the 0.05 significance level, can it be concluded that college students
watch fewer videos per month than high school students?

Data:

µ= 6.8

ѳ= 0.5

n=36

x=6.2

z=± 1,96

Ho: µ= µo

Ha: µ <µo

Solution:

z= x - µ / ѳ / ❑√ n

z= 6.2 - 6.8 / 0.5/ ❑√ 36

z= - 7.2

Rpta: Ho is rejected, i.e. university students do not see less than high school
students.
8. When Isabel Benitez was hired as a waitress in a restaurant, she was told, "You
can get, on average, more than $20 (dollars) a day in tips." Within the first 35 days
of their employment at the restaurant, the average daily amount of tips received
was $24.85, with a standard deviation of $3.24. At the significance level of 0.01,
can Ms. Benitez conclude that she is earning more than $20 for tips?

Data:

µ= 20

ѳ= 3.24

n=35

x=24.85

z=± 2,575

Ho: µ= µo

Ha: µ <µo

Solution:

z= x - µ / ѳ / ❑√ n

z= 24.85 - 20 / 3.24/ ❑√ 35

z= 8.85

Rpta: If Ho is accepted, this means that Ms. Benitez is earning more than $20 in
tips.

9.- A sample of 40 observations is selected from a population. the sample mean is

102 and the sample standard deviation is 5. a sample of 50 observations is
selected from a second population. The sample mean is 99 and the standard
deviation is 6. Perform the following hypothesis test using the significance level of
0.04

a) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

This is a two-tailed hypothesis test.

b) Establish the decision rule

If Z > than the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative
hypothesis is accepted.

c) Calculate the value of the test statistic

If Z > the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected and H1 is accepted.

FACT:
X1- X2 102 – 99
N1: 40 N2:50 Z= Z=
X1: 102 X1:99
S12 + S22 52 + 62
S1: 5 S2:6

N1 N2 40 50

3
Z=

0,625 + 0,72

Z= 2,59

d) What is your decision regarding the null hypothesis?

As its calculated value Z (2.59) > 2.05, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative
hypothesis is accepted. If tabulated Z is 0.5 - 0.02 = 0.48 this value in the table is 2.05
-2,05
2,05

-2,59 2,59

e) What is the p-value?

Z = 2.59; Area :0.4952

 P =0,5 - 0,4952 = 0,0048 * 2

P = 0,0096
10.- A sample of 65 observations was selected from a sample. The sample mean
is 2.67 and the standard deviation is 0.75. A sample of 50 observations is taken
from a second population. The sample mean is 2.59 and the standard deviation is
0.66. I performed the following hypothesis test using the significance level of 0.08

a) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?

This is a two-tailed hypothesis test.

b) Establish the decision rule

If Z > than the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative
hypothesis is accepted.

c) Calculate the value of the test statistic

If Z > the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected and H1 is accepted.

: 60 :50 X1- X2 2.67– 2.59

N1 N2
Z= Z=
X1: 2.67 X1:2.59

S1: 0.75 S2:0.66 S12 + S22 0.752 + 0.662

N1 N2 60 50

Z = 0.61

d) What is your decision regarding the null hypothesis?

As its calculated value Z (0.61) < 1.42; since the value of Z is less than the critical
value, we proceed to reject the alternative hypothesis.

e) What is the p-value?

Z = 0.61; Area :0.2291

 P =0,5 - 0,2291 = 0,2709 * 2

P = 0,5418

11.- A real estate firm is preparing a brochure that it believes may be of interest to
potential home buyers in the Ross Ford and northwood areas of a city. One
element of interest is the length of time the selling owner has occupied the
property. A sample of 40 recently sold homes in Ross Ford indicated that the
median time of ownership was 7.6 years, with a standard deviation of 2.3 years. A
sample of 50 homes in Northwood indicated that the median time of ownership was
8.1 years, with a standard deviation of 2.9 years. At the 0.05 significance level, can
we conclude that Ross Ford residents owned their homes for a shorter period of
time? Use the five-step procedure for hypothesis testing. Calculate the value of P
and interpret it.

N1: 40 N2 :50
X1 7.6
: X2:8.1 X1- X2 7.6 – 8.1
Z= Z=
S1: 2.3 S2:2.9

S12 + S22 2.32 + 2.92

N1 N2 40 50
 Posing H0AND H1
H0: u1> u2
H1: u1< u2
 Significance level: 0.05 Z= - 0.54

 Calculating P
Z= 0.54; area: 0.2054
P= 0.5 - 0.2054 * 2
P= 0.2946 * 2
P= 0.5892

A study was conducted comparing the cost of renting a one-bedroom apartment in

Cincinnati. A sample of 35 apartments in Cincinnati showed that the median rent
was $370. with a standard deviation of $30. A sample of 40 Pittsburgh apartments
indicated that the median rent is $380, with a standard deviation of $26. at the 0.05
significance level, is there a difference in mean rents between Cincinnati and
Pittsburgh?

N1: 40 N2 :50
X1 7.6
: X2:8.1
S1: 2.3 S2:2.9
  Formulation of hypotheses
H1: u1= u2
H0: u1= u2

 Specification of significance level: 0.05

 Selection of the statistic to be measured:

(X1- X2) - ( u1- u2)

T=
(n1- 1) S12 + (n2 -1 )S22 n1 + n2
X
N1+ N2- 2 n1 ( n2)

(7.6 – 8.1 ) – ( 0)
T=
(40- 1) 2.32 + (50 -1 )2.92
40 + 50
40 + 50 - 2 X
40( 50)
– 0.5

T= -
206.31 + 412.09

88 90
X
2000

T = -0.89

13. A financial analyst is interested in comparing the trading rates - as a

percentage - of oil-related joint ventures with other stocks, such as GE or
IBM. It selected 32 oil-related stocks, and 49 with other stock fields. The
average rate for oil stocks is 31.4%, and the standard deviation is 5.1%. For
the other shares, the respective mean and standard deviation values were
34.9% and 6.7%. Is there a significant difference in such rates for the two
types of equity shares? The null and alternative hypotheses are:
H: µ1 = µ2
Ⱨ: µ1 ≠ µ2
a) Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test? What is your reasoning?
This is a two-tailed test, because the alternative hypothesis does not
establish a direction.
 b) Using the significance level of 0.01, what is the decision rule?
Establishment of decision criteria

0.01/2 0.01/2

-2.327 2.327
Decision:
-2.327 ≤ Z ≤ 2.327, I accept H
Otherwise, I accept Ⱨ.

c) Determine the test statistic value, and reach a decision considering Ⱨ ,

explain the significance of such a conclusion.
Performing calculations
(X 1− X 2)

√
Z = ❑ S 12 S 22
+
n1 n 2
(0.314−0.349)

√
Z = ❑ (0.051)2 (0.067)2
32
0.035
+
49
Z=- = -2.66
0.013153

Conclusion: it is concluded that the value Z=-2.66 is within the region of

rejection, using the significance level of 0.01.

14. The following hypotheses are made:

Ho: ≤ 0.70
H₁:> 0.70
A sample of 100 observations revealed that p=0.75. At the significance level
of 0.05, can the null hypothesis be rejected?
Depends on the formulation of hypotheses
a) Establish the decision rule.
Establishment of decision criteria

0.05 0.4500 0.5000

 -1.65 Z scale
Critical value
Decision:
Z0 ≥ -1.65, Accept H0
Z1 < -1.65, AcceptH1

b) Calculate the test statistic value.

Zc = p - π = 0.75 - 0.70 = 1.0869

√ π (1−π )/n
❑
√ 0 .70 (1−0 . 70)/100
❑

The value of Z= 1.0869, this value falls in the acceptance region, with the
significance level of 0.05. In other words, the evidence obtained does not
support the assertion and accepts Ho.

c) What is your decision regarding the null hypothesis?

Since it falls in the acceptance region, the null hypothesis is accepted with a
significance of 0.05.
15. The following hypotheses are established:
Ho: = 0.40
H₁: ≠ 0.40
A sample of 120 observations revealed that p=0.30. At the 0.05 significance
level. Can the null hypothesis be rejected?
It depends on the formulation of hypotheses.
a) Establish the decision rule.
Establishment of decision criteria

0.05/2 0.4500 0.4500 0.05/2

-1.96 1.96 Z scale

Critical value
Decision:
-1.96 ≤ Z ≤ 1.96, I accept H
Otherwise, I accept Ⱨ.
 b) Calculate the test statistic value.
Zc = p - π = 0.30 - 0.40 = -3.165
√ π (1−π )/n
❑
√ 0 . 40(1−0 . 40)/120
❑

The value of Z= -3.165, this value falls in the rejection region, with the
significance level of 0.05. In other words, the evidence obtained supports
the assertion and accepts H1.

c) What is your decision regarding the null hypothesis?

As it falls in the rejection region, the null hypothesis is discarded with a
significance of 0.05.
16. The National Safety Council reports that 52% of motorists using U.S.
highways are male. A sampling of 300 cars traveling eastbound on the Ohio
Turnpike yesterday revealed that 170 were driven by men. At the 0.01
significance level, can it be concluded that a higher proportion of males were
driving on the Ohio Turnpike than the national statistics indicate?
Step 1: The hypothesis is established.
Ho: π ≤ 0.52
H₁: π ˃ 0.52
Step 2: Select significance level: α = 0.01
Step 3: The test statistic is selected:
P = 170 / 300 = 0,56
Zc = p - π = 0.56 - 0.52 = 1.38

√ π (1−π )/n
❑
√ 0 .52 (1−0 . 52)/300
❑

The calculated value of Z=1.38, is in the acceptance region, so the null

hypothesis is discarded at the 0.05 level of significance.

17. A recent article in USA Today reported that there is only one job
available for one in three college graduates. The main reasons given were
overexploitation of the latter and a weak economy. I assume that a survey of
200 recent graduates of the institution you attend revealed that 80 were
employed. At the significance level of 0.02, it can be concluded that a higher
proportion of graduates of the institution have jobs.
Step 1: the null and alternative hypothesis are established. Out of every three
graduates, only one gets
Employment, this means that 1/3 has a job, π=0.33
Ho: π = 0.33
H₁: π ˃0.33
Step 2: Select significance level: α = 0.02
Step 3: The test statistic is selected:
P = 80/200 = 0, 40
Zc = p - π = 0.40 - 0.33 = 2, 12

√ π (1−π )/n
❑
√ 0 . 33(1−0 . 33)/200
❑

Step 4: The decision rule is formulated. The decision rule is: Reject the null
hypothesis if the calculated value of Z (Zc) is greater than 2.06. Do not reject the
null hypothesis otherwise. To calculate the tabular Z value we do the following: It is
a one-tailed test, α = 0.02, so what value should Z have, for a probability of 0.480 =
(0.5 - 0.02), P (0 to Z) =0.480 implies that Z = 2.06.
Step 5: Decision is made Since 2.12 > 2.06 (Zc > Zt), then the null hypothesis is
rejected. It can be concluded that a higher proportion of school students are
employed.

18. Chicken Delight claims that 90% of its orders are delivered within 10
minutes of ordering. A sample of 100 orders revealed that 82 were fulfilled
within the promised time. At a significance level of 0.10. Is it possible to
conclude that less than 90% of orders are delivered in less than 10 minutes?
Step 1: establish the null and alternative hypothesis
Ho: π >= 0.90
H₁: π < 0.90
Step 2: Select significance level: α = 0.10

Step 3: The test statistic is selected:

P = 82/100 = 0, 82
Zc = p - π = 0.82 - 0.9 = 2.66

√ π (1−π )/n
❑
√ 0 . 9(1−0 .9)/100
❑
19. Research at the University of Toledo indicates that 50% of students
change their major after the first year in the program of study. A random
sample of 100 students in the school of management revealed that 48 of
them changed that area after the aforementioned lapse. Has there been a
significant decrease in the scheduling of students changing their major after
the first year in the program? Test at the 0.05 significance level.
Step 1: the null and alternative hypothesis are established.
Ho: π = 0.50
H1: π<0.50
Step 2: Select significance level: α = 0.05
Step 3: The test statistic is selected:
To calculate the sample proportion, the number of students who changed areas in
the sample is divided by the total sample, that is, the number of students who
changed areas in the sample is divided by the total sample.
p = 48/100 = 0,48.
Zc = p - π = 0.48 - 0.50 = -0.40

√ π (1−π )/n
❑
√ 0 .50 (1−0 . 50)/100
❑

Step 4: The decision rule is formulated.

The decision rule is: Reject the null hypothesis if the calculated value of Z (Zc) is
less than-1.65. Do not reject the null hypothesis otherwise.
To calculate the tabular Z value the following is done: It is a one-tailed test, α =
0.05, then what value should Z have, for a probability of 0.4500 = (0.5-0.05), in the
table appears the probability 0.4505 then this probability is taken to solve the
exercise, this means that P (0 to Z) = 0.4505 implies that Z = 1.65. -1.65 is used
because the alternative hypothesis indicates that the rejection zone is located in
the left tail of the standard normal distribution.
Step 5: Decision is made Since -1.65 < -0.40 ( Zt < Zc), then the null hypothesis is
NOT rejected, therefore there is no statistically significant evidence that there was
a reduction in the proportion of students changing areas in the first year in the
program.
20. The hypotheses established are:
H₀: 1<=2
H₁: 1>2

A sample of 100 observers from the first population indicated that X1 is 70: A
sample of 150 observers from the second population revealed that X2 is
worth 90. Use the significance level of 0.05 to test the hypothesis.

a) Express the decision rule

The test is one-tailed since Ho; ₁ <= ₂ and H; ₁> ₂, therefore: Z is within the
acceptance zone +1.96 means that the null hypothesis if accepted.

b) Calculate the combined ratio.

Combined ratio ratio= Po= total number of successes = 70+ 90 = 160 =0.64
Total number in samples 100 + 150 250

c) Obtain the test statistic value.

P1= 70 = 0.7
100
P2= 90 = 0.6
150
Z = 0.7 - 0.6 = 0.10 = 1.61
0.002304 +0.001536 0.0619677335

21. The hypotheses Ho and H1 are:

Ho; π = π2
H1= π1=/ π2
A sample of 200 observations from the first population revealed that X1 is
170. A sample of 150 observations from the second population resulted in an
X2 of 110. Use a significance level of 0.05.
 a) Express the decision rule
The test is two-tailed since Ho; π = π2 and H1= π1=/ π2, therefore: Z is not within
the interval of - 1.96 and +1.96 means that the null hypothesis if rejected.

b) Calculate the combined ratio.

Combined ratio= po= total number of successes = 170+ 110 = 280 =0.8
Total number in samples 150 + 200 350

c) Obtain the test statistic value.

P1= 170 = 1.13

150
P2= 110 = 0.55
200
Z = 1.13 - 0.55 = 0.58 = 13.45
0.00106 +0.0008 0.04312

d) What is your decision regarding the null hypothesis?

The null hypothesis is rejected, since it is not within the interval. In other words, the
hypothesis that the proportional ratio of the first sample is equal to the second
sample is rejected at the 0.05 level. It is unlikely that such a large difference
between the two sample proportional ratios could be due to chance. The probability
of making a Type i error is 0.05 which is equal to the significance level that was
selected before the study was initiated. This indicates that there is a 5% risk of
rejecting the true hypothesis that pi1= pi2. The p-value is 0 because the probability
of finding a z-value less than -13.45 and greater than 13.45 is almost 0 . There is
little probability that the null hypothesis is true.

22. The Damon family owns an extensive vineyard in western New York
State. Vines should be sprayed with insecticide at the beginning of the
growing season to protect against various insects and diseases. Two new
insecticides have recently appeared: Perrod 5 and Action. In order to test its
effectiveness, three long rows were selected and sprayed with Pernod 5, and
3 others were sprayed with Action, When the grapes ripened, 400 of the lives
treated with the first pesticide were checked for infestation. In addition, a
total of 400 vines sprayed with the product were tested. The results are:
INSECTICIDE NUMBER OF NUMBER OF
VINEYARDS INFESTED
REVIEWED(Sample VINEYARDS
size)
Pernord 5 400 24
Action 400 40

At a significance level of 0.05, can it be said that there is a difference in the

proportion of infested vineyards where Pernod 5 was used, compared to the
vineyards where action was used?

P1 =24 = 0.06
400
P2 = 40 = 0.1
400
a) Calculate the combined ratio.

Combined ratio ratio= po= total number of successes = 24 + 40 = 64 = 0.08

Total number in samples 400 + 400 800

b) Obtain the test statistic value.

Z = 0.06 - 0.1 = 0.58 = 30.23

0.0000184+ 0.000184 0.01918
The Z is not within the intervals therefore, the hypothesis that the proportional ratio
of the first sample is equal to the second sample is rejected at the 0.05 level, It is
unlikely that such a large difference between the two sample proportional ratios
could be due to chance. The probability of making a Type i error is 0.05 which is
equal to the significance level that was selected before the study was initiated.
Because the probability of finding a value of z less than -30.23 and greater than
30.23 is almost 0.
There is little probability that the null hypothesis is true, in other words it cannot be
said that there is a difference in the proportion of infested vines where Pernod 5
was used compared to those where action was used.

23. The Roper organization conducted identical surveys in 1977 and 1997.
One question asked of the women was: "Are most men basically kind, polite
and considerate? The 1977 study revealed that out of 3,000 women
questioned, 2010 answered affirmatively. In 1997 the result was that 1530 of
the 3000 women in the survey considered men to be kind, courteous and
considerate. At the 0.05 significance level, can it be concluded that women
believe that men are less polite, courteous and considerate in 1997
compared to men in 1977?
P1 =2010 = 0.67
3000
P2 = 1530 = 0.51
3000
a) Calculate the combined ratio.

Ratio pc= po= total number of successes = 2010 + 1530 = 3540 = 0.59
Total number in samples 3000+ 3000 6000

b) Obtain the test statistic value.

Z = 0.67 - 0.51 = 0.16 = 1.259936271

0.000080633 + 0.000080633 0.012699055

The Z if within the intervals therefore, the hypothesis that the proportional ratio of
the first sample is not equal to the second sample, is accepted at the 0.05 level, It
is very likely that such a large difference between the two sample proportional
ratios may be due to chance. The probability of making a Type i error is 0.05 which
is different from the significance level that was selected before the study was
initiated. Because the probability of finding a value of z less than -1. 259936271 i
greater than 1.259936271 is enough.
There is a high probability that the null hypothesis is true, in other words it can be
concluded that females believe that men are less kind, courteous and considerate
in 1997 compared to 1977.
24. A national sample of influential Republican and Democratic citizens in the
United States were asked - as part of a global survey - whether they favored
lowering environmental protection standards so that high-sulfur coal could
be used as fuel in thermal power plants. The results were:

Republicans Democrats

Number sampled 1 000 800

Number in favor 200 168

At the 0.02 significance level, can it be concluded that there is a higher

proportion of Democrats in favor of "watering down" the rules?

Step 1:H1 ≥H2

H1 <H2
Step 2: α = 0.02
P 1−P 2
Step 3: z = ❑
√ Pc (1−Pc ) Pc (1−Pc )
n1
+
n2

Step 4:
α = 0.02

-2.5 -0.53 0
200
P1= = 0.2
1000
168
P2= = 0.21
800
200+168
Pc = = 0.20
1000+800
 0.2−0.21
Step 5: z =
√
❑ 0.20(1−0.20) 0.20(1−0.20) = - 0.53
1000
+
800

The z-value (-0.53) falls in the acceptance area with a significant level 0.02. In
conclusion, it can be said that the proportion of Republicans will be greater than or
equal to the proportion of Democrats.
25. The research department at the head office of an insurance company
conducts an investigation into the causes of automobile accidents, the
characteristics of drivers, etc. A random sample of 400 insurance policies
issued to single persons was selected. It was found that, in the previous
three-year period, 120 suffered at least one motor vehicle accident. Similarly,
a sample of 600 policies issued to married people revealed that 150 had had
at least one accident. At the 0.05 significance level, is there a significant
difference in the proportions of single and married people who had an
accident during a 3-year period?

n1 = 400 n2 = 600

x1 = 120 x2 = 160

Step 1:H1 =H2

H1 ≠H2
Step 2: α = 0.05
P 1−P 2
Step 3: z = ❑
√ Pc (1−Pc ) Pc (1−Pc )
n1
+
n2

Step 4:
α α
= 0.025 = 0.025
2 2

-1.96 0 1.74 1.96

 120
P1= = 0.3
400
150
P2= = 0.25
600
120+150
Pc = = 0.27
400+600
0.30−0.25
Step 5: z =
√
❑ 0.27(1−0.27) 0.27 (1−0.27) = 1.74
400
+
600
The z-value (1.74) falls in the acceptance area with a significant level 0.05. In
conclusion, it can be said that the proportion of single and married people will be
equal.

26. Considering table 9-1 and the example presented. With n = 100, ð = 400, xc

= 9 922, and µ1 = 9 880, verify that the probability of a Type II error is 0.1469.

n = 100 σ = 400 c = 9922 µ1 = 9 880

X c−µ1 9922−9880
42
z= σ = 400 = = 1.05 0.3531
40
❑
√n √100
❑

The probability of a type II error is 0.1469, obtained by: 0.5000 - 0.3531= 0.1469.

27. Considering table 9-1 and the example presented. With n = 100, ð = 400, xc

= 9 922, and µ1 = 9 940, verify that the probability of a Type II error is 0.6736.

n = 100 σ = 400 c = 9922 µ1 = 9 940

X c−µ1 9922−9940
−18
z= σ = 400 == = -0.45 0.1736
40
❑
√ n √
❑
100

The probability of a type II error is 0.6736, obtained by: 0.5000 - (-0.1736) =

0.6736.

28. A new company of techniques for observing and controlling people's weight,
Weight Reducers International, announces that those who adopt their methods will
lose, on average, 10 pounds (lb) in the first two weeks. A random sample of 50
people who adopted the new weight reduction program revealed that the average
loss is 9 lbs. The standard deviation of the sample was calculated as 2.8 lb. At the
0.05 significance level, can it be concluded that adopters will lose on average less
than 10lb? Determine the p-value.

µ = 10 n = 50  = 9 σ = 2.8 α = 0.05
Step 1: H0: µ ≥ 10
: µ <10
H1

Step 2: α = 0.05
x−µ
Step 3: z = ❑ σ
n√
Step 4:
α = 0.05

-2.53 -1.65 0
9−10

√
Step 5: z = ❑ 2.8 = - 2.53 0.4943
50
The value of p is: p = 0.5 - 0.4943 = 0.0057
The z value (-2.53) falls in the rejection area with a significant level 0.05. It is
concluded that those who adopt this treatment will lose less than 10 lb.

29. Dole Pineapple, Inc. She is concerned that the 16-ounce (oz) cans of
pineapple slices are becoming overfilled. The quality control department
took a random sample of 50 containers and found the arithmetic mean
weight to be 16.05 oz, with a sample standard deviation of 0.03 oz. At the 5%
significance level, can it be concluded that the mean weight is greater than
16 oz? Determine the p-value.

n=50
X =16.05
σ=0.03
α=0.05
SOLUTION
1. FORMULATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS
H0: µ= 16 oz

H1 : µ > 16 oz
2. SPECIFICATION OF THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
α=0.05

3. SELECTION OF THE STATISTICS TO BE PROVIDED

X−µ
z=
σ
√n

4. ESTABLISHMENT OF DECISION CRITERIA

Decision:
Z0 ≤ 1.96, Accept H0
Z1 > 1.96, RejectionH1

5. MAKING CALCULATIONS

16.05−16
z 0=
0.03
√ 50
 0.05
z 0=
0.03
7.07
0.05
z 0= =12.5
0.004

VALUE P:
To test the null hypothesis, we calculate the probability of obtaining a sample mean
of 16.05 ounces or more, from a population where the mean is 16 ounces.
P ( x ≥ 16.05 )=P ( z ≥ 12.5 )
¿ P¿
¿ 0.5−0.3944
¿ 0.1056
6. DECISION MAKING

Since z0= 12.5 falls in the rejection region, H0 is rejected at the 5% acceptance
level. This means that the average weight is not 16 ounces.
Using the 0.05 level of significance, the alternative hypothesis is accepted
because the probability of obtaining a sample mean of 16.05 ounces is
0.1056 and is less than 0.05.
Therefore, the loss of 16 ounces is false.
30. The Peoria Board of Education wishes to consider a new academic
program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education. To be considered
for federal funding, the median household income must be no more than
$15,000. The board hired a research firm to gather the necessary data. In its
report, it indicated that the median (arithmetic) income in the area is $17,000.
In addition, it was noted that 75 families were studied and that the standard
deviation of the sample is $3000. Is it possible for the board to argue that the
difference between the mean income resulting from the sample research and
the mean specified by the Department of Education is due to chance
(sampling)? Use the 0.05 level.
n=75
X =17000
σ=3000
α=0.05
SOLUTION
1. FORMULATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS
H0: µ = 15000 dollars

H1 : µ < 15000 dollars

2. SPECIFICATION OF THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE

α=0.05
3. SELECTION OF THE STATISTICS TO BE PROVIDED

X−µ
z=
σ
√n

4. ESTABLISHMENT OF DECISION CRITERIA

Decision:
Z0 ≥ -1.96, Accept H0
Z1 < 1.96, RejectionH1

5. MAKING CALCULATIONS

17000−15000
z 0=
3000
√ 75
2000
z 0=
3000
8.66
2000
z 0= =5.77
346.42
 6. DECISION MAKING

Since z0= 5.77 falls in the acceptance region, H0 is accepted at the 5%

acceptance level. This means that it is possible for the board to argue that
the difference between the mean income resulting from the sample research
and the mean specified by the Department of Education is due to chance.
31. A statewide real estate sales firm, Farm Associates, specializes in rural
property sales in the state of Nebraska. Their records indicate that the
average time to sell a farm is 90 days. Due to recent drought conditions, he
estimates that the average selling time will now be greater than 90 days. A
statewide survey of 100 recently sold farms revealed that the average selling
time was 94 days, with a standard deviation of 22 days. At the significance
level of 0.10, can it be concluded that selling time has increased?

n=100
X =94
σ=22
α=0.1
SOLUTION
1. FORMULATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS
H0: µ= 90 days

H1 : µ > 90 days
2. SPECIFICATION OF THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE

α=0.1
3. SELECTION OF THE STATISTICS TO BE PROVIDED

X−µ
z=
σ
√n

4. ESTABLISHMENT OF DECISION CRITERIA

Decision:
Z0 ≤ 1.645, Accept H0
Z1 > 1.645, RejectionH1

5. MAKING CALCULATIONS

90−94
z 0=
22
√ 100
−4
z 0=
22
10
−4
z 0= =−1.82
2.2

6. DECISION MAKING

Since z0= -1.82 falls in the acceptance region, H0 is acceptedat the 10%
acceptance level. This means that the selling time has increased.
32. According to the local union president, the gross income of plumbers in
the Salt Lake City area has a normal distribution, with a mean of $30000 and
a standard deviation of $3000. Recently, an investigative reporter for a
television station found, in a sample of 120 plumbing technicians , that the
median gross income was $30,500. At the 0.10 significance level. Is it
possible to conclude that the average income is not equal to 30,000?
33. An article recently published in Vitality magazine reported that the
average time off per week for American men is 40 hours. You may believe
that this figure is too large and decide to perform your own test. In a random
sample of 60 men, one finds that the mean is 12.2 hours. Can it be concluded
that the information in the article is false? Use the 0.05 significance level.
34. An NBC newscast, in a focus on the cost of gasoline, reported the other
night that the national average price (in the U.S.) is $1.25 per gallon of
regular unleaded gasoline at the pump. A random sample of 35 stations in
the Saint Lake City area revealed that the mean price was $1.27 per gallon
and that the standard deviation was $0.05 per gallon. At the 0.05 significance
level, can we conclude that the price of gasoline is higher in the Saint Lake
City area?

35. The Rutter Nursey Company packages its pine bark compost in 50-pound bags
(Ib). The packaging department has long reported that the distribution is normal
and that the standard deviation of this process is 3 Ib per bag. At the end of each
day, Jeff Rutter, production manager, weighs 10 packages and calculates the
average sample weight. Below are the weights of 10 bags of today's production.
 45.6 47.7 47.6 46.3 46.2

47.4 49.2 55.8 47.5 48.5

a) Can Mr. Rutter conclude that the average pack weight is less than 50 Ib?
Use a significance level of 0.01.
Step 1:
H0 = 50
H1 ≠ 50

Step 2:
α = 0.01

Step 3:

x−μ
t= s
√n

Step 4:
α = 0.01

-2.58 ≤ t0≤ 2.58, I accept H0.

Otherwise, I acceptH1
 Step 5:
48.18−50
Z0== 3
√ 10

= - 1.92

b) In a brief report, state why Mr. Rutter may use a z-distribution as a test
statistic.

Because the z-value is within the acceptance region.

c) Calculate the value of p.

P = 0.5000 - 0.4726
P= 0.0274 * 2 (are two tailed) = 0.0548. It is greater than the significance
level; therefore, the hypothesis is not rejected.

36. In a recent national survey, the average weekly parental support

allowance for a newborn child was reported to be $3.65 (dollars). A random
sample of 45 9-year-old infants in a certain region revealed that the mean
allowance is $3.69 with a standard deviation of $0.24. At the 0.05 significance
level, is there a difference in the national mean allocation and the regional
mean allocation for children of that age?

Step 1:
H0 = 3.65
H1 > 50

Step 2:
α = 0.05

Step 3:

x−μ
t= s
√n
 Step 4:
α = 0.05

Z0≤ 1.65, accept H0

Z0 < -1.65, accept H1

Step 5:
3.69−3.65
Z0== 0.24
√ 45

Z= - 1.12

If there is a large difference, since the national average allocation does not
represent the allocation for that region.

37. The U.S. Air Force trains computer personnel at two bases, Cass AFB and
Kingston AFB. A common final exam was applied. As part of an ongoing study of
the training program, a comparison of the final test results has to be made. Is there
any significant difference in the terminal results of the two educational programs?
Use a significance level of 0.04. Explain your decision to the program review
committee.
 Cass AFB Kingston AFB
Number sampled 40 50
Average rating 114.6 117.9
Sample standard deviation 9.1 10.4

Step 1:
H0: μ 1=μ 2
H1: μ 1> μ 2

Step 2:
α = 0.04

Step 3:

( X 1−X 2 )−(μ 1−μ 2)

Z=
√
❑ σ 21 σ 22
+
n1 n2

Step 4:
α = 0.04

Z0≤ -1.75, accept H0

Z0 > 1.75, accept H1
 Step 5:
( 114.6−117.9 ) −(0)

√
Z0= ❑ 9.1 10.4
+
40 50

Z= - 5

Since Z0falls in the rejection zone,H1 is accepted.

38. Corrigan Industries has been awarded a large contract to supply pipe parts to
Angus Oil, a drilling company in the Scotland-Ireland area. Previously, two
subcontractors specializing in steel products have provided Corrigan with high-
quality supplies such as nuts, bolts, rebar and covers. One of Corrigan's concerns
is the turnaround time of two subcontractors, Jackson Stell, and Alabama
Distributors. The question to be investigated is whether there is a difference in the
delivery times of the two outsourcing companies.

Random samples of Corrigan Industries' files revealed the following statistical data
about the aforementioned turnaround times:

Jackson Steel Alabama Distributors

Number in the sample 45 50
Average delivery time (days) 20 21
Sample standard deviation (days) 4 3

At the 0.05 significance level, is there a difference in delivery times? Determine the
p-value.

Step 1:
H0: μ 1=μ 2
H1: μ 1> μ 2

Step 2:
α = 0.05
 Step 3:

( X 1−X 2 )−(μ 1−μ 2)

Z=
√
❑ σ 21 σ 22
+
n1 n2

Step 4:
α = 0.05

Z0≤ -1.65, accept H0

Z0 > 1.65, accept H1

Step 5:
( 20−21 ) −(0)

√
Z0= ❑ 4 3
+
45 50

Z= - 2.59

Since Z0falls in the rejection zone, H1 is accepted. The P value would be 0.0048; it is
concluded that the probability of finding a Z value of 2.59 or lower, when the null
hypothesis is verified, is o.48%. Therefore, it is likely that the null hypothesis is not
true.

39. A highway department official in the state of Iowa wants to compare the useful
time, in months, of two brands of paint used to paint road marking stripes. The
mean number of months the Cooper Paint lasted was 36.2, with a standard
deviation of 1.14 months. The official reviewed 35 road works. For King Paint, the
mean number of months was 37.0, with a standard deviation of 1.3 months. The
official reviewed 40 painting jobs. At the 0.01 significance level, is there any
difference in the useful life of the two paints?
Calculate the p-value.

N1= 35 N2= 40
X1= 36.2 X2 = 37.0
Step 1:

H0 =H1

H0 ≠H1
Step 2:
α = 0.01
Step 3:
P 1−P 2
z= ❑
√ Pc (1−Pc ) Pc (1−Pc )
n1
+
n2

Step 4:

H0 se H0 se

rejects rejects
 H0is not
rejected

-3.33 -1.96 0 1.96 3.33

Step 5:
36.2
P1= = 1.03
35
37
P2 = = 0.93
40

73.2
Pc = = 0.98
75

Calculating z:
1.03−0.93
z=
√
❑ 0.98(1−0.98) 0.98(1−0.98)
35
+
40

0.10
z= 0.03 = 3.33

The calculated Z value is in the rejection area. Therefore, there is a very large difference in
the service life of the two paints.
And the p-value is zero because there is a minimal probability of finding a value greater
than 3.33 and less than -3.33.

40. An industrial engineer at a company wishes to determine whether more units

are produced on the afternoon shift than on the first shift. A sample of 54 first shift
workers showed that the average number of units produced was 345, with a
standard deviation of 21. A sample of 60 evening shift workers indicated that the
mean number of units produced was 351, with a standard deviation of 28 units. At
a significance level of 0.05, is the number of units produced in the afternoon shift
higher?

Step 1:

H0 =H1

H0 ≠H1

Step 2:
α = 0.05

Step 3:
X 1−X 2
z=
√
❑ s2 s2
+
n1 n2
Step 4:

p-value p-value

H0 se H0 se
rejects rejects

H0is not
rejected

-1.96 -1.3 0 1.3 1.96

Step 5:
X1= 345 X2= 351
N1= 54 N2= 60
 S1= 21 S2= 28

Calculating z:
345−351
z=
√
❑ 21} over {54} + {28
60

−6
z= 4.61 = -1.3

The calculated z-value lies in the area of acceptance of the null hypothesis.
Therefore, it is not possible to reject the possibility that both units produced are the
same.

41. A heating and air conditioning company employs Larry Clark and George
Munren to perform service visits to repair heaters and air conditioning units in
homes. Tom Fry, the company's owner, would like to know if there is a difference in
the average number of services they do per day. A random sample of 40 days last
year showed that Larry Clark averaged 4.77 visits per day, with a standard
deviation of 1.05 labors per day. For a sample of 50 days, George Munren
performed an average of 5.02 services per day, with a standard deviation of 1.23
per day. At the 0.05 significance level, is there any difference in the average
number of visits per day between the two employees? what is the p-value?

Step 1:

H0 =H1

H0 ≠H1

Step 2:
α = 0.05
Step 3:
X 1−X 2
z=
√
❑ s2 s2
+
n1 n2
Step 4:

H0 se H0 se
rejects rejects

H0is not
rejected

-13.7 -1.96 0 1.96 13.7

Step 5:
X1= 40 X2= 50
N1= 4.77 N2= 5.02
S1= 1.05 S2= 1.23

Calculating z:
40−50
z=
√
❑ 1.05} over {4.77} + {1.23
5.02

−10
z= 0.73 = -13.7
The calculated z-value of 13.7 is in the rejection area of the null hypothesis. Therefore.
whether there is a difference in the number of visits made per day by employees.
And the p-value is zero because the null hypothesis is false.
42. A coffee producer is interested in knowing whether the average daily
consumption of normal coffee drinkers is lower than that of those who drink the
decaffeinated beverage. A random sample of 50 regular coffee drinkers showed a
mean of 4.35 cups per day with a standard deviation of 1.20 cups per day. A
sample of 40 drinkers of the decaffeinated product showed a mean of 5.84 cups
per day with a standard deviation of 1.36 cups per day. Use a significance level of
0.01. Calculate the value of p?
SOLUTION:
( x 1−x 2 )−(u1−u 2)
Z=

√( )
2 2
❑ σ σ
+
n n

( 4.35−5.84 )−(0)
Z=
(√ 1.44
❑
50 ) +
1.8496
40
−1.49
Z=
0.07504
Z=1.9856
p=0.5−1.9856=−1.4856

43. The board of directors of ANCHOR POINTE MARINA is considering the use of
boats among its members. A sample of 30 members who own boats from 10 to 20
feet in length (length), showed that last July they used them an average of 11 days.
The standard deviation of the sample is 3.88 days. For a sample of 40 members
with boats 21-40 feet in length, the average number of days they used their boats
in July was 7.67, with a standard deviation of 4.42 days. At the 0.02 significance
level, can the board conclude that people with smaller vessels used them more
frequently?

SOLUTION:
 ( x 1−x 2 )−(u1−u 2)
Z=

√( )
2 2
❑ σ σ
+
n n

( 11−7.67 )−(0)
Z=

√( )
2 2
❑ 3.88 7.67
+
30 40

3.53
Z=
1.9725
Z=1.5209
RPTA: yes since the probability result is within the acceptance zone.
44. The so-called fog index (fog. index) is used to measure the difficulty of reading
the written text. The determination of such an index involves the following steps:
(1) find the average number of words per sentence (2) obtain the percentage of
words with 3 or more syllables (3) the nebulosity index is 40% of the sum of (1) and
(2).
The index for a sample of 36 scientific journal articles showed a mean of 11.0 and
a standard deviation of 2. 65. A sample of 40 trade journal articles yielded a mean
of 8.9 and a standard deviation of 1.64. At the 0.01 significance level, is the index
for scientific publications significantly higher?
SOLUTION:
( x 1−x 2 )−(u1−u 2)
Z=

√( )
2 2
❑ σ σ
+
n n

( 11−8.9 )−(0)
Z=

√( )
2 2
❑ 2.65 1.64
+
36 40
2.1
Z= ❑
√ ( 0.1950 ) +0.06724
2.1
z=
0.5120
z=4.1015
Tina Dennis is the accounting manager at MEEK INDUSTRES believes that MI's
cash flow problems are due to slow collection of accounts receivable. It estimates
that more than 60% of the accounts are more than 3 months in arrears. A sample
of 200 accounts showed that 140 were more than 3 months overdue. At the
significance level of 0.01, can it be concluded that more than 60% of the accounts
are more than 3 months in arrears?
SOLUTION:
p−π
Z=

√
❑ π (1−π)
n
p−π
Z=

√
❑ π (1−π)
n
x 140
π=0.01 p= = =0.7
n 200
0.7−0.01
Z=

√
❑ 0.01(1−0.01)
200
0.69
Z=

√
❑ 0.099
200
0.69
Z=
0.007
Z=0.683
RPTA: it can be concluded that more than 60% of the accounts are in arrears since
the result is in the acceptance zone.

46. The policy of a suburban transit authority is to add a bus route if more than
55% of potential riders indicate that they would use it. A sample of 70 users
revealed that 43 would take a proposed route from Browman Park to the downtown
area. Use a significance level of 0.05.
Ho: p< 0.55
H1: p> 0.55
 The proportion in the sample is determined with:
43
p= =0.61428
70
q=1−0.61428=0.38572

The quantile -zα corresponding to the 0.05 level of significance is equal to -zα =-1.64
The value of the contrast statistic is:

p−p 0 0.61−0.55 −0.04

Zc= = = =−0.6901

√ √
❑ p 0 ×q 0 ❑ 0.61(1−0.61) 0.0579
n 70

Rpta: H0 is rejected, since z test -1.64 is smaller than z table -0.6901.

47. The crowder travel agency knows that 44% of the people who want this
company to plan a vacation for them wanted to travel to Europe. A claim of 1,000
plans was randomly selected from the files. It was found that 480 people wanted to
go to Europe on vacation. Test significance level of 0.05.
Ho: p< 0.44
H1: p> 0.44

 The proportion in the sample is determined with:

480
p= =0.43
1000
q=1−0.43=0.57

The quantile -zα corresponding to the 0.05 level of significance is equal to -zα =1.65
The value of the contrast statistic is:
 p−p 0 0.43−0.44 −0.01
Zc= = = =−2.01991

√ √
❑ p 0 ×q 0 ❑ 0.43( 1−0.43) 0.0049507
n 1000

Rpta: The null hypothesis is accepted and the alternative hypothesis is rejected,
since z test -1.64 is greater than z table -2.0199, so it is certain that at least one of
their appliances needed some kind of repair.

48.One television manufacturer found that 10% or less of its sets needed some
type of repair in the first two years of operation. In a sample of 50 televisions two
years ago,9 were in need of repair. At the 0.05 significance level.
Determine the value of p.
Ho: p< 0.10
H1: p> 0.10
 The proportion in the sample is determined with:
9
p= =0.18
50
q =1-0.18=0.82
The quantile -zα corresponding to the 0.05 level of significance is equal to -zα =1.65
The value of the contrast statistic is:

p−p 0 0.18−0.10 0.08

Zc= = = =1.041165

√ √
❑ p 0 ×q 0 ❑ 0.18 (1−0.18) 0.0076837
n 50
 Rpta: The null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted,
since z test 1.64 is greater than z table 1.04, so it is certain that at least some of
their appliances needed some kind of repair.

49. An urban planner claims that in the U.S. 20% of all families who rent
condominiums move out during a certain year. A sample of 200 families renting
condominiums in Dalas revealed that 56 have changed their residence during the
last year. Significance level 0.05. determine P
Ho: p< 0.20
H1: p> 0.20

 The proportion in the sample is determined with:

56
p= =0.28
200
q =1-0.28=0.72

The quantile -zα corresponding to the 0.05 level of significance is equal to -zα =1.65
The value of the contrast statistic is:
p−p 0 0.28−0.20 0.08
Zc= = = =2.5197

√ √
❑ p 0 ×q 0 ❑ 0.28 (1−0.28) 0.03174
n 200
Rpta: H0 is rejected, since z test 1.64 is less than z table 2.5, so it is true that 20%
of all families renting condominiums move out during a certain year.

50.-Suppose that the manufacturer of the drug called advil developed a new
formula that seems to be more effective in relieving headache pain, significance
level is equal to 0.05 n1 is equal to 200; n2 is equal to 300. Of the 200 users 180
indicated that the medicine was more effective and of the 300 users 261 stated that
it was more effective Which medicine is more effective?

51. Suppose that a random sample of 1000 U.S.-born citizens revealed that 198
were in favor of the resumption of diplomatic relations with Cuba. Similarly, 117 out
of a sample of 500 foreign-born citizens were in favor of it. At a significance level of
0.05

52.- Is there any difference in the proportion of university men compared to

university women who smoke at least one pack of cigarettes a day? A sample of
400 women revealed that 72 smoked at least one pack a day. Another sample of
500 men revealed that 70 smoked at least one pack per day at the 0.05
significance level. Is there a difference between the proportion of men and the
proportion of women smoking at least one pack per day?

53.- one of the leading automobile manufacturers in the United States is studying
its two-year, 24,000-travel warranty policy. The warranty covers the engine,
transmission and system of all new cars for up to two years or 24,000 miles. The
manufacturer's quality assurance department believes that the average number of
miles of travel is greater than 24,000. A sample of 35 cars revealed that the run is
greater than 24421 with a standard deviation of 1944
54. A soft drink vending machine is set to dispense 9.00 fluid ounces (oz) per cup,
with a standard deviation of 1.00 oz. The machine manufacturer would like to
adjust the machine so that for samples of size 36, 5% of the sample means will be
greater than the upper control limit, and 5% of the sample means will be less than
the lower control limit.
Solution:

a) At what value should the control limit be set?

9.00 ± 1.65
( )
1
√36
❑

9.00 ± 0.275

For 9.00 + 0.275:

9.00 + 0.275 = 9.275

For 9.00 - 0.275:

9.00 – 0.275 = 8.725

Thus we determine that the limits are 8,725 and 9,275.

b) What is the probability that if the population mean changes to 8.9, this
change will not be detected?

8.725−8.900
z=
1
√36
❑

Z = - 1.05
 p(z > - 1.05) = 0.5000 + 0.3531= -1.05

c) What is the probability that if the population mean changes to 9.3, such a
change will not be detected?

9.275−9.300
z=
1
√36
❑

Z = - 0.15

p(z < - 0.15) = 0.5000 + 0.0596 = 0.4404

55. The owners of Franklin Park Mall are studying the shopping habits of their
customers. From previous studies, owners have the impression that an average
shopper spends 0.75 hours in the store, with a standard deviation of 0.10 hours.
Recently the owners of the center have expanded to include some specialty
restaurants designed to keep customers in the center longer. A consulting firm,
Brunner and Swanson Marketing Enterprises, has been hired to assess the effects
caused by the restaurants.

A sample of 45 customers revealed that the average time spent in the mall
increased by 0.80 hours.

Develop a hypothesis test to determine if the average dwell time is more than 0.75
hours. Use a significance level of 0.05.

Solution:

Data:

𝝁 = 0.75
σ = 10
 n = 45
 = 0.8
α = 0.05

Ho ≤ 0.75
Ho = 0.75

The closest value to 0.45 is 0.4505 → 1.65.

Now we find the value of Z

0.80−0.75
z=
0.10
√ 45
❑

z = 3.35

Rpta: Then as 3.35 falls in the rejection region Ho is not accepted, therefore it is
determined that the average dwell time is more than 0.75 hours.

56. The following null and alternative hypotheses are given.

Ho: μ ≤ 50

H 1:>50

Assume that the population standard deviation is 10. The probability of a

Type I error is set at 0.01, and the probability of a Type II error is set at 0.30.
Consider that the population mean changes from 50 to 55. How large a
sample is needed to meet these requirements?

Solution:

10
50+2.33 ❑
√n
 10
55−.525 ❑
√n
n=¿

n = 32.6

Rpta: A sample of 32.6 is needed.