EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION PROJECT ON

INTERNET E-MAIL INTRANET EXTRANET

Parin Upadhyaya - 38 Shaheen Vadsaria - 39 Neevidha Zore - 40 Jasmi Gudhka 42 Khusboo shah - 33

SUBMITTED TO MITHIBAI COLLEGE FYBBI

INDEX

NO.

TOPIC

INTERNET E MAIL

INTRANET

EXTRANET

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTERNET INTRODUCTION
Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community. Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a variety of ways to access the Internet. Most online services, such as America Online, offer access to some Internet services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP). The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet can also be defined as a worldwide interconnection of computers and computer networks that facilitate the sharing or exchange of information among users. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the interlinked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail. Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are reshaped or redefined by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and IPTV. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to Web site technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries. The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

INTERNET HISTORY
Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. Because of mans continuous quest for more and more amenities and facilities, the nineties have seen a major turn around with the invention of computers. 10 years ago, the term internet was practically anonymous to most of the people. And today internet has become the most ever powerful tool for man throughout the world. The internet is a collection of various services and resources. The history of the Internet starts in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of computers. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and

terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation developed the Computer Science Network and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Commercial internet service providers began to emerge in the late 1980s and 1990s and the Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service and Internet2. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information and knowledge, commerce, entertainment and social networking. It is estimated that in 1993 the Internet carried only 1% of the information flowing through two-way telecommunication, by 2000 this figure had grown to 51%, and by 2007 more than 97% of all telecommunicated information was carried over the Internet.

INTERNET ADVANTAGES
Communication: The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. And internet has excelled beyond the expectations .By the advent of computers Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village. Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail also. Information Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support, the list is end less. Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on the Internet. Entertainment Entertainment is another popular reason why many people prefer to surf the Internet. In fact, media of internet has become quite successful in trapping multifaceted entertainment

factor. Downloading games, visiting chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal attention by game lovers. Chat rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people. In Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet. Services many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, guidance services on array of topics engulfing the every aspect of life, and hotel reservations. Often these services are not available off-line and can cost you more. E-Commerce Ecommerce is the concept used for any type of commercial maneuvering, or business deals that involves the transfer of information across the globe via Internet. It has become a phenomenon associated with any kind of shopping, almost anything. You name it and Ecommerce with its giant tentacles engulfing every single product and service will make you available at your door steps. It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from household needs, technology to entertainment. Email E-mail is an online correspondence system. With e-mail you can send and receive an instant electronic message, which works like writing letters. Your messages are delivered instantly to people anywhere in the world, unlike traditional mail that takes a lot of time. Email is now an essential communication tools in business. It is also excellent for keeping in touch with family and friends. The advantages to email is that it is free (no charge per use) when compared to telephone, fax and postal services. Buy or sell products the internet is a very effective way to buy and sell products all over the world. Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online. There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit card. You do not need to leave your house and can do all your shopping from the convenience of your home. Communities and Online Chat: Communities of all types have sprung up on the internet. Its a great way to meet up with people of similar interest and discuss common issues. There are many chat rooms on the web that can be accessed to meet new people, make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friends. Downloading Software: This is one of the most happening and fun things to do via the Internet. You can download innumerable, games, music, videos, movies, and a host of other entertainment software from the Internet, most of which are free.

INTERNET DISADVANTAGES

 Theft of Personal information if you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc. can be accessed by other culprits to make your problems worse. Spamming Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no purpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be very frustrating for you, and so instead of just ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer. Virus threat Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache. Isolation Using the Internet for long periods of time can isolate people from family and friends. Though many develop online relationships, these "cyber" buddies cannot replace "real life" socializing. Addiction It is possible for Internet users to become habitually addicted. Though different from chemical addiction, it is a real problem as some lose employment and suffer other adverse effects from overuse. Inaccurate Information Though there are many legitimate websites full of factual information, there are a plethora of sites with inaccurate information, and it is often hard to differentiate between them. Hacking of Personal Information Providing personal information online when shopping or banking can result in hackers gaining access to private data that can be used to steal your funds and even your identity. Inappropriate Websites Children can often stumble upon or seek out inappropriate websites when using the Internet at home, which can be dangerous if the child shares personal information.

E-MAIL INTRODUCTION

Electronic mail, commonly called email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store and - forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to an email server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. An email message consists of three components, the message envelope, the message header, and the message body. The message header contains control information, including, minimally, an originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses. Usually descriptive information is also added, such as a subject header field and a message submission date/time stamp. Electronic mail predates the inception of the Internet, and was in fact a crucial tool in creating it, but the history of modern, global Internet email services reaches back to the early ARPANET. Standards for encoding email messages were proposed as early as 1973. Conversion from ARPANET to the Internet in the early 1980s produced the core of the current services. An email sent in the early 1970s looks quite similar to a basic text message sent on the Internet today. Network-based email was initially exchanged on the ARPANET in extensions to the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), but is now carried by the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), first published as Internet standard 10 in 1982. In the process of transporting email messages between systems, SMTP communicates delivery parameters using a message envelope separate from the message (header and body) itself.

E MAIL HISTORY
Sending text messages electronically could be said to date back to the Morse code telegraph of the mid 1800s. At the 1939 New York World's Fair IBM sent a letter of congratulations from San Francisco to New York on an IBM radio-type, calling it a high-speed substitute for mail service in the world of tomorrow. Teleprinters were used in Germany during World War II and use spread until by the late 1960s. There was a worldwide Telex network which remained important until the late 1980s.With the introduction of MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) in 1961 for the first time multiple users were able to log into a central system from remote dial-up terminals, and to store, and share, files on the central disk. Informal methods of using this to pass messages developedand were expanded to create the first true email system: MIT's CTSS MAIL, in 1965. Other early time-sharing system soon had their own email applications 1972 - Unix mail program 1972 - APL Mailbox by Larry Breed. 1981 - PROFS by IBM 1982 ALL-IN-1 by Digital Equipment Corporation Although similar in concept, all these original email systems had widely different features, ran on incompatible system. They allowed communication only between users logged

into the same host or "mainframe" - although this could be hundreds or even thousands of users within an organization.

Soon systems were developed to link compatible mail programs between different organizations over dialup modems or leased lines, creating local and global networks. Other separate networks were also being created including: In 1971 the first ARPANET email was sent, and through RFC 561, RFC 680, RFC 724 and finally 1977's RFC 733, became a standardized working system. UNIX mail was networked by 1978's uucp which was also used for USENET newsgroup postings. IBM mainframe email was linked by BITNET in 1981. IBM PC's running DOS in 1984 could link with Fido Net for email and shared bulletin board posting. In the early 1980s, networked personal computers on LANs became increasingly important. Server-based systems similar to the earlier mainframe systems were developed. Again these systems initially allowed communication only between users logged into the same server infrastructure. Thus we can conclude that e-mail has revolutionized our way of communication.

ADVANTAGES OF E-MAIL
Saves time and money: Much of the business world relies upon communications between people who are not physically in the same building, area or even country; setting up and attending an in-person meeting, telephone call, or conference call can be inconvenient, time-consuming, and costly. Email provides a way to exchange information between two or more people with no set-up costs and that is generally far less expensive than physical meetings or phone calls. Synchronization: With real time communication by meetings or phone calls, participants have to work on the same schedule, and each participant must spend the same amount of time in the meeting or call. Email allows asynchrony: each participant may control their schedule independently. Fast and Inexpensive: Mail is delivered instantly from your office to anywhere in the world. No other method of delivery can provide this service. Timely buying and selling decisions can be made in a heartbeat. Compared to telephone calls, faxes, or over night courier service, Email is less expensive. Easy to Filter: The subject line on an Email makes it easy to prioritize messages. The reader can identify critical correspondence quickly and dealt with it immediately. Unlike regular mail which needs to be opened and reviewed, or voice mail which requires you to either listen to or scan all your messages for those that require immediate attention. Transmission is Secure and Reliable: The level of security in transmitting Email messages is very high, and the industry continues to strive to develop even tighter security levels. Email is private. Often telephone and fax messages are not. If the address information is correct, rarely does an Email go astray.

DISADVANTAGES OF E-MAIL
Loss of context: which means that the context is lost forever; there is no way to get the text back. Information in context (as in a newspaper) is much easier and faster to understand than unedited and sometimes unrelated fragments of information. Communicating in context can only be achieved when both parties have a full understanding of the context and issue in question. Inconsistency: Email can duplicate information. This can be a problem when a large team is working on documents and information while not in constant contact with the other members of their team. Liability: Statements made in an email can be deemed legally binding and be used against a party in a Court of law. One has to be careful while posting any kind of content through an e-mail. The matter could also be misinterpreted. Viruses: These are computer programs having the potential to harm a computer system. These programs copy themselves and further infect the computer. The recipient needs to scan the mails, as viruses are transmitted through them and have the potential to harm computer systems. Spam: E-mails when used to send unsolicited messages and unwanted advertisements create nuisance and is termed as Spam. Checking and deleting these unwanted mails can unnecessarily consume a lot of time, and it has become necessary to block or filter the unwanted e-mails by means of spam filters. Spamming includes, sending hoax emails. E-mail spoofing is another common practice, used for spamming. Spoofing involves deceiving the recipient by altering the e-mail headers or the addresses from which the mail is sent. Hacking: The act of breaking into computer security is termed as hacking. After the email is sent and before it is received by the desired recipient, it "bounces" between servers located in different parts of the world. Hence, the e-mail can be hacked by a professional hacker.

INTRANET INTRODUCTION
An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to securely share any part of an organization's information or network operating system within that organization. The term is used in contrast to internet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. Sometimes the term refers only to the organization's internal website, but may be a more extensive part of the organization's information technology infrastructure .Intranet has also contrasted with extranets. While intranets are generally restricted to employees of the organization, extranets may also be accessed by customers, suppliers, or other approved parties. Extranets extend a private network onto the Internet with special provisions for authentication, authorization and accounting.

ADVANTAGES OF INTRANET
Intranet offers workforce productivity which can help user to find and observe information very fast. User may also use applications according to their roles and tasks. Through web browser a user can get access to entire contents of any website from anywhere or any time. Intranet also increase the ability of employees by performing their job confidently very fast, and accurately. The best advantage offered by intranet is communications within an organization or business company, landscape or portrait. Intranets are helpful to converse planned initiative that has an international reach all through the organization. The well known examples of transportation are chat, email, and blogs. An actual world example of Intranet is Nestle had a number of food processing plants. The most significant advantage of Intranet is Web publishing which permits burdensome corporate knowledge to be continued and effortlessly access all through the company using Web technologies and hypermedia. The familiar examples of web publishing consist of training, news feed, company polices, documents, and employee manual. Intranet can be accessed general internet standards such as CGI applications, Flash files, and Acrobat files. Intranet offers business operations and administration solutions because it also is being used as a platform of mounting and organizing applications across the internet world. Another advantage of Intranet is time saving because there is no need to maintain physical documents such as procedure manual, requisition forms, and internet phone list. Now intranet facilitates their user - o - view and gets information and data via web

browser. Intranet also saves the money of any organization on printing, publishing and overall maintenance. Through Intranet common corporate culture every user can view the similar information. Intranet offers improved teamwork through which teamwork is enabled and all certified users can get access to information. Intranet provides cross platform capability for UNIX, Mac, and Windows. Intranet offers their user to write applications on their browser without cross-browser compatibility issues. Intranet is a Web-based tool that permits users to produce a customized site according their requirements. You can pull all Internet actions and most wanted contents into a single page which make easier to access.

DISADVANTAGES OF INTRANET
it is an evolving technology that requires upgrades and could have software incompatibility problems security features can be inadequate inadequate system performance management and may not scale up adequately maintaining content can be time consuming The aims of the organization in developing an intranet may not align with user needs. poor user support Management does need to stop control of specific information, this problem can be minimized but with appropriate prudence. The other disadvantage of Intranet is security issue. Intranet gathered everything in one location which is really good but if it is not prearranged then you will spoil everything. The cost of intranet is very high but has lots of advantages after implementing.

EXTRANET INTRODUCTION
An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from the outside, for specific business or educational purposes. An extranet can be viewed as an extension of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company, usually partners, vendors, and suppliers. It has also been described as a "state of mind" in which the Internet is perceived as a way to do business with a selected set of other companies (business-to-business, B2B), in isolation from all other Internet users. In contrast, business-to-consumer (B2C) models involve known servers of one or more companies, communicating with previously unknown consumer users. An extranet is like a DMZ in that it provides access to needed services for channel partners, without granting access to an organization's entire network.

ADVANTAGES OF EXTRANET
Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Share product catalogs exclusively with trade partners Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts Efficient in jointly developing and using training programs with other companies Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of other companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks

DISADVANTAGES OF EXTRANET
Extranets can be expensive to implement and maintain within an organization (e.g., hardware, software, employee training costs), if hosted internally rather than by an application service provider. Security of extranets can be a concern when hosting valuable or proprietary in format.