GYAN VIGYAN ACADEMY

PHYSICS ASSIGNMENT-1
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES Formulae & Concepts Used 1M 1 2 C = C = E 3V 3 3 Mean KE per molecule 1 3 3 R = mC = kT = T 2 2 2N Mean KE per mole 1 3 3 = MC = RT = NkT 2 2 2 , where M is the molecular weight of the gas PV = nRT, for n moles PV = nkT, for n molecules Effect of temperature P= C = C T T translational KE of N2 molecule in eV at the same temperature? Ans: 0.048 Q.3. The avg translational KE and the rms speed of the molecules in a sample of oxygen gas at -21 300K are 6.21X10 J and 484m/s respectively. What are the corresponding values at 600K? -21 Ans: 12.42X10 J, 684m/s Q.4. The temperature of an ideal gas increased from 120K to 480K. If at 120K the rms velocity of the gas molecule is v, what is the rms value at 480K? Ans: 2v Q.5. A closed container of volume 0.02m contains a mixture of neon and argon gases, at a 0 5 2 temperature of 27 C and pressure 10 N/m . The total mass of the mixture is 28g. If the molar masses of neon and argon are 20 g/mol and 40 g/mol respectively. Find the masses of the individual gases in the container. Sol: Temp of the mixture = 300K Mass of neon = m, mass of argon = 28 m No. of gram moles of neon (n1) m = 20 No. of gram moles of argon (n2) 28 m = 20 P=P1+P2 P= P= n RT n RT + V V m + 28 RT 40 V
3

1. Pressure exerted by a gas 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7.
C=

3kT = m v=

3RT = M 8kT m

3P

8. The average speed of a gas molecule

9. The volume of 1 mole of any gas at STP

PV = nRT nRT V= P 1X8.31X273 V= = 22.4X10 m 1.013X10 10. At the same Kelvin temperature, the average KE of the molecules of different gases is the same.

m = 4 gram, Mass of argon = 24 gram Q.6. A vessel contains a mixture of one mole of oxygen and two moles of nitrogen at 300K. What is ratio of the average rotational KE per oxygen molecule to that per nitrogen molecule? Sol: From law of equipartition of energy, the avg KE per molecule per degree of freedom is kT. Since both O2 and N2 are diatomic, each of them will have 2 degrees of freedom due to rotation. Hence avg translational KE per molecule is kT 2 = kT 2

Q.1. Find the temperature at which rms velocity 0 of a gas is half of its value at 0 C, pressure remaining constant. Sol: C = C T T

Ans: -204.75 C

Q.2. The avg. translational KE of O2 molecules at a particular temperature is 0.048eV. What is the

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, Required ratio 1:1 Q.7. Determine the number of molecules present 0 in 1 cm3 of a gas at temperature 27 C and pressure equal to 10cm of Hg. Avg. KE of the -14 molecule is 4X10 erg. Density of Hg = 13.6 3 g/cm Sol: E = PV= 1.99X10 erg KE of one molecule = 4X10 erg 3 No of molecules in 1 cm =4. 9X10 Q.8. Calculate the number of degrees of freedom of molecules of hydrogen in 1cc of hydrogen gas at NTP. Sol: Vol of 1 gram mole of gas at NTP = 22400cc No of molecules on 1cc of hydrogen = 6.023x10 = 2.688X10 22400 Each molecule has 5 degrees of freedom 20 Total degrees of freedom = 1.344 x10 Q.9. Two perfect gases at absolute temperatures T1 & T2 are mixed. There is no loss of energy. Find the temperature of mixture if the masses are m1 and m2 and the number of molecules in the gas are n1 & n2 respectively. Sol: KE of one gas= n Total KE of the gas = n +n Let T be the final temperature of the mixture, then total temperature of the mixture 3kT 3kT =n +n 2 2 Therefore n T +n T T= n +n Q.10. A jar A is filled with a gas with parameters P, V and T and jar B is filled with a gas with parameters 2P, V/4 and 2T. What is the ratio of the number of molecules of jar A to that of jar B? Sol: For jar A, PV = nR T , for B, V 2P 4 = n R 2T n 4 = n 1 THEORY QUESTIONS 1. Obtain an expression for the pressure exerted by an ideal gas. KE of other gas = n

2. 3.

What is meant by degree of freedom? State law of equipartition of energy. What is kinetic interpretation of temperature?

TRANSMISSION OF HEAT Temperature at the Junction: Two rods of thermal conductivities K1 & K2, lengths l1, l2 and equal cross-sectional area A be connected in series. In steady state the temperatures of ends are q1 & q 2 and the temperature of the junction is q K l +K l = K l +K l Thermal Resistance R = l/KA If different rods are connected in series R = R +R +R And when in parallel 1 1 1 1 = + + R R R R SERIES ARRANGEMENT OF SLABS l +l +l l l l = + + K K K K PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT OF SLABS K l +K l +K l K = A +A +A Growth of ice on ponds d Q = mL = KA t dx L t= x x 2K

Q.1. Three rods of identical cross-sectional area and made from the same material forms the sides of an isosceles triangle ABC, right angled at B. The points A and B are maintained at temperatures T and 2T respectively. In the steady state, the temperature of the point C is TC. Assuming on heat conduction takes place, find TC/T.

A, T 2a a C, TC

a B, 2T

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For Heat Conduction

Q T = KA t l

For EB,

For BA, Ans: = 60 C

Q=

For AC,

Q TT = KA t 2a

2Q =

KA 90 l KA 0 l

Q T 2T = KA a t Equating the two equation for steady state T 3 = T 2+1

For CB,

Q.4. Two rods A and B are of equal length. Each rod has its ends at temperature T1 and T2 (T1> T2). What is the condition that will ensure equal rates of flow through the rods A and B? Ans: A K = A K Q.5. The radiant energy from the sun incident 2 normally at the surface of the earth is 20kcal/m min. What would have been the radiant energy incident if the sun had temperature twice the present value? 4 2 Sol: E T , Ans: 320kcal/m min Q.6. A liquid takes 5 min to cool from 80 C to 0 0 50 C. How much time it takes to cool from 60 C 0 to 30 C? The temperature of the surroundings is 0 20 C. Sol: According to Newtons law of cooling Rate of heat loss k(q q0) mc =k t + = 2 Ans: 9 minutes THEORY QUESTIONS 1. Define coefficient of thermal conductivity, state its SI unit. 2. What is a perfectly black body? Define black body radiations. 3. Explain Wiens displacement law. 4. State Kirchhoffs law of heat radiation. 5. Why good absorbers are are also bad reflectors?
0

Q.2. A spherical black body with radius of 12cm radiates 450W power at 500K. If the radius is halved and the temperature is doubled, evaluate the power radiated in watt. Sol: Stefans law E = eAT t = e 4r T t P r T = P r T P = 1800W

Q.3. Three rods are made of same material and having the same cross-section has been joined as shown in the figure. Each rod is of same length. Find the temperature of the junction.

D, 900c A, 00C B E, 900C

For DB, Q= KA 90 l

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Career Point, Guwahati Centre, G.S. Road, Bora Service Bye-Lane, Guwahati Ph | 0361-2466191 | 98643-42927 | 94351-01613