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Table Of Contents
2011 BrandFinance Banking 500 Summary Brand Valuation Report
1.
4. 5.
2.
Global results
Executive Summary Top 10 most valuable global banking brands Top 10 most valuable banking brands in [relevant geographic region] Top 10 most valuable banking brands in [country x] Most valuable banking brand by business segment
Appendix I
A detailed overview of the BrandFinance Methodology
Appendix II
2011 BrandFinance Global Intangibles Financial Tracker (GIFT)
3.
Contents
sectionone sectionone
Introduction and valuation methodology
Brand Finance has teamed up with The Banker, the monthly international financial affairs magazine, for the fifth year running to publish the results.
Introduction
RR
tax
NPV
Brand Value
Revenue Forecast
The Royalty Relief approach is based on the assumption that if a company did not own any trademarks it would need to license them from a third party trademark owner instead. Ownership therefore relieves the company from paying a license fee (the royalty) for the use of the third party trademarks The royalty relief method involves estimating likely future sales, applying an appropriate royalty rate to them and then discounting estimated future, post-tax royalties, to arrive at a Net Present Value (NPV). This is held to represent the brand value. Brand Finance uses the Royalty Relief methodology for three reasons: Firstly, it is the approach that is most recognised by technical authorities worldwide and favoured by accounting, tax and legal users because it calculates brand values by reference to comparable, third-party transactions. Secondly, it ties back to the commercial reality of brands - their ability to command a premium in an arms length transaction. Finally, because it can be performed on the basis of publicly available financial information.
Valuation methodology
Valuation methodology
sectionone sectiontwo
Global Results
Global results
sectionone sectionthree
[name of bank] results
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
Market Capitalisation
Market Cap $ millions Brand Value $ millions 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX 14,000 12,000 10,000
Brand Value
8,000
6,000 4,000 2,000 0
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
40
20 0
2009
2010
2011
Valuation results
10
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
TOTAL BRAND VALUE
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
XXXX
VALUE IN EXPLICIT PERIOD VALUE IN PERPETUITY CORPORATE VALUE
XXXX
DISCOUNT RATE TAX RATE PERPETUITY RATE
XXXXX
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
ROYALTY RATE BRAND CONTRIBUTION TAX DISCOUNT FACTOR NPV Valuation results 11
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
TOTAL CORPORATE BRAND VALUE
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
XXXX
VALUE IN EXPLICIT PERIOD VALUE IN PERPETUITY
XXXX
DISCOUNT RATE TAX RATE PERPETUITY RATE
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
ROYALTY RATE BRAND CONTRIBUTION TAX DISCOUNT FACTOR NPV Valuation results 12
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Europe XXX
XXX
South America
XXX X% XXX
X% X%
X%
XXX
Brand X
Pacific
X%
Valuation results
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Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
XXX
Retail - Banking
XXX
X% X%
Other - Banking
Brand X
X%
X%
Other - Banking
Valuation results
14
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
Brand Split
Royalty Rate
Tax Rate
Corporate Value
Brand Value
Effective Change
% Change
2010 Brand Finance Valuation Change in Revenue Change in Brand Split Change in Royalty Rate Change in Perpetuity Rate
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X X X
Valuation results
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Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
Brand Equity Measures
Function
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX Brand Rating
Financial Measures
Net Revenue
AAA+
XXXX xxxxx
Enterprise Value Market Cap
XXX
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
Brand Value
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
0
Your Brand Brand Value Market Cap Global Rank BV/MC Comp 1 Comp 2 Comp 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 Comp 6
X X X X%
X X X X%
X X X X%
X X X X%
X X X X%
X X X X%
Valuation results
X X X X%
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XXXX xxxxx
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
30,000
25,000
Comp 3
Comp 4
10,000
Comp 5 Comp 6
5,000
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Year
Valuation results
18
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
100% 100,000 XXX Brand value $ millions 80,000 60,000 40,000 XXX 20,000 0 Brand 1 Brand 2 Brand 3 Brand 4 Total portfolio XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX 40% 60% XXX 80%
X% X%
X%
20%
0%
X%
Brand 1
Valuation results
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XXXX xxxxx
Brand Value Market Capitalisation Value Brand Value/Market Capitalisation Brand Rating
$XXXX
$XXXXX XX% XX
100,000
XXX XXX
Undisclosed Value
80,000 $ millions
XXX
60,000
XXX Disclosed Goodwill XXX XXX Tangible NAV XXX XXX
40,000
20,000
XXX
MC Analyst Mcap Asset Break Down Intangible Asset Value Brand Value
Valuation results
20
sectionone sectionthree
Brand valuation analysis
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Brand Finances approach has been designed to allow clients to manage their brands more intelligently and deliver improved business results Each step in the process is tailored to the clients specific needs and the level of sophistication required, from high level to highly granular
Market Research
Brand Scorecard
Business Data
Continuous feedback
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Brand Scorecard
What are key drivers of brand equity? What is the relative importance of each driver to my customers (by segment)? How do I perform versus my competitors on key drivers? How strong is my brand relative to its competitors?
Questions
What financial, competitor & market data is available? What data gaps must be addressed? What are key value drivers (and linkages between drivers) within the business?
What is the value of my brand and what does it contribute to business value?
Can we connect marketing investments, drivers, & health indicators to financial KPIs and shareholder value? How can we track performance over time and capture data systematically for improved decision-making and in-depth understanding of value drivers?
Which markets, customers, brands and channels will generate the highest return and maximise shareholder value? How much should we invest and where to maximise that return? What value is at risk if we fail to adequately support the brand?
Services
Market research review Data gap analysis Value map (via interviews or workshops)
Brand Dashboard (high level snapshot for management) Brand Scorecard (in depth diagnostic tool for marketers)
Strategy selection Portfolio management Brand architecture Resource allocation Value at risk analysis
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sectionone sectionfour
Comparison of brand valuation approaches
RR
tax
NPV
Brand Value
Revenue Forecast
The Royalty Relief approach is based on the assumption that if a company did not own any trademarks it would need to license them from a third party trademark owner instead. Ownership therefore relieves the company from paying a license fee (the royalty) for the use of the third party trademarks The royalty relief method involves estimating likely future sales, applying an appropriate royalty rate to them and then discounting estimated future, post-tax royalties, to arrive at a Net Present Value (NPV). This is held to represent the brand value. Brand Finance uses the Royalty Relief methodology for three reasons: Firstly, it is the approach that is most recognised by technical authorities worldwide and favoured by accounting, tax and legal users because it calculates brand values by reference to comparable, third-party transactions. Secondly, it ties back to the commercial reality of brands - their ability to command a premium in an arms length transaction. Finally, because it can be performed on the basis of publicly available financial information.
Valuation methodology
26
RR
tax
NPV
Brand Value
Revenue Forecast
ROYALTY RELIEF: Determine sales forecast, multiply sales forecast by royalty rate, deduct tax. Net Present Value (NPV) of brand contribution = Brand Value (Favoured by Brand Finance plc)
3 2 1 4
Discount Rate
RoB
Role of Branding
%
1
3 2 4 5
NPV
Brand Value
Forecast Earnings
EARNINGS SPLIT (Role of branding): Determine forecast earnings, deduct charge for capital employed to give intangible earnings (EVA), apply role of brand to determine brand contribution. NPV of brand contribution = Brand Value
Corporate Earnings
Intangible Earnings
%
Brand Contribution (%)
B
Brand Multiple (x)
Brand Value
EARNINGS SPLIT : Determine current year earnings, deduct charge for capital employed to give intangible earnings (EVA), determine brand contribution. Apply brand multiple = Brand Value
Valuation methodology
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Methodology summary
Royalty Relief method Earnings split method 1
The dollar value of a brand is calculated as Net Present Value or todays value of the earnings the brand is expected to generate in the future Intangible Earnings
Brand Value is the Net Present Value of the estimated future cash flows attributable to the brand
The financial value of a brand is defined as the sum of all earnings that a brand is expected to generate
Net Sales
Intangible Earnings
Royalty Rate study based on third party arms length comparables, brand strength and margin analysis
Discount rate calculated from first principles using Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) producing Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) that takes into account brand specific risk BV = (Si * RR*(1-tax))/(1+r)i Where S = Sales Forecasts; RR = Royalty Rate; r = Discount Rate; i = number of years
Discount rate determined by estimating brand risk using a Brand Strength Index (BSI) and applying the answer to an S curve of possible rates. BV = (EVAi * RBI)/(1+r)i Where EVA = Intangible Earnings; RBI = Role of brand Index; r = Discount Rate (S curve); i = number of years
BV Calculation
BV = EVA * (%) * M Where EVA = intangible Earnings; % = Brand Contribution); M = Brand Momentum
Valuation methodology 28
Earnings Split
Also a generally accepted methodology for valuing brands With sufficient market research, it can provide insight into impact of drivers of demand on the value of different intangible assets in the business
Cons
At times it is difficult to source comparable license agreements for a particular sector. Unless the Royalty Range is analysed carefully, it could lead to a conservative or even an aggressive brand valuation.
Highly judgmental, particularly when done without specific, detailed market research into drivers of demand
Calculations based on profit can lead to volatile results which do not reflect the underlying value of the brand; businesses that are loss-making will have zero or negative brand value, which is inappropriate in many cases Approach to determining discount rate has been criticised as lacking transparency and not being applicable to all situations
Generic approach for brand strength may lack cohesion with particular sectors Calculations of EVA are notoriously complex and hard to audit. E.g. Stern Stewart claim to make 167 adjustments between accounting profits and EVA (EVAs of many brands from time to time can be negative)
Valuation methodology
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sectionone sectionfive
About Brand Finance
Our Services
At Brand Finance, we are entirely focussed on quantifying and leveraging intangible asset value. Our services compliment and support each other, resulting in robust valuation methodologies, which are underpinned by an in-depth understanding of revenue drivers and licensing practice.
Valuation
We perform valuations for financial reporting, tax planning, M&A activities, joint ventures, IPOs and other transactions. We work closely with auditors, tax authorities and lawyers.
Analytics
Our analytical services help clients to better understand the drivers of business and brand value. Understanding how value is created, where it is created and the relationship between brand value and business value is a vital input to strategic decision making.
Strategy
We give marketers the framework to make effective economic decisions. Our value-based marketing service enables companies to focus on the best opportunities, allocate budgets to activities that have the most impact, measure the results and articulate the return on brand investment.
Transactions
We help private equity companies, venture capitalists and branded businesses to identify and assess the value opportunities through brand and market due diligence and brand licensing.
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About Brand Finance 33
Finland
France
Russia
U.K. (HQ)
Canada Belgium Switzerland Portugal Holland Croatia Dubai
USA
Greece
Spain Turkey Sri Lanka East Africa Singapore India
Hong Kong
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Contact details
Brand Finance plc is the leading independent intangible asset valuation and brand strategy firm, helping companies to manage their brands more intelligently for improved business results. For further enquiries relating to this report, please contact:
Country
Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Croatia Dubai East Africa
Name of Contact
Tim Heberden Valerie Herdlicka Gilson Nunes Andrew Zimakas Borut Zemljic Gautam Sen Gupta Jawad Jaffer Xander Bird Marc Cloosterman Rupert Purser Unni Krishnan Pedro Tavares Alexander Eremenko Bernard Lee Oliver Schmitz
Email address
t.heberden@brandfinance.com v.herdlicka@brandfinance.com g.nunes@brandfinance.com a.zimakas@brandfinance.com b.zemljic@brandfinance.com g.sen-gupta@brandfinance.com info@brandfinance.co.ke x.bird@brandfinance.com m.cloosterman@brandfinance.com r.purser@brandfinance.com u.krishnan@brandfinance.com p.tavares@brandfinance.com a.eremenko@brandfinance.com b.lee@brandfinance.com o.schmitz@brandfinance.com
d.haigh@brandfinance.com
Spain
m.rocha@brandfinance.com
Pedro Tavares
Ruchi Gunewardene Mike Rocha Muhterem Ilguner James Park Bill Barker
p.tavares@brandfinance.com
r.gunewardene@brandfinance.com m.rocha@brandfinance.com m.ilguner@brandfinance.com j.park@brandfinance.com w.barker@brandfinance.com
Brand Finance 35
For further information on Brand Finances services and valuation experience, please contact your local representative.
sectionone appendixone
A detailed overview of the BrandFinance Methodology
RR
tax
NPV
Brand Value
Revenue Forecast
Valuation methodology
37
WEIGHT
8.3%
PROVIDED BY
BRAND FINANCE
SCORE
2.5
FORECASTED GROWTH %
8.3%
BRAND FINANCE
2.5
FINANCIAL MEASURES 50
randeta INDEX
NET INCOME
8.3%
BLOOMBERG
2.5
MARGIN %
8.3%
BLOOMBERG
2.5
VISUAL IDENTITY
11.0%
2.5
SECURITY/RISK MEASURES 50
DISTRIBUTION
11.0%
BRAND FINANCE
2.5
CREDIT RATING
11.0%
BLOOMBERG
2.5
FUNCTION
8.3%
BRAND FINANCE
2.5
50
EMOTION
8.3%
BRAND FINANCE
2.5
LOYALTY
8.3%
BRAND FINANCE
2.5
Valuation methodology
38
VI360 is a specialist visual identity management company and is part of the Brand Finance group. We have a close and formal working relationship driven by the recognition that there is a strong link between visual identity management and brand value. VI360 works with national and international organisations to implement, monitor and control the visual elements of their brands and manage the holistic view of their visual identities. Our aim is to maximize the value of the visual identity as a business asset and to ensure that the all round visual impression leads to a comparative advantage. We do this by working to ensure that all aspects of the visual brand identity are managed properly and performing as intended.
Holistic visual identity management requires a practical, process driven approach. At the heart of this is the visual identity management cycle. A brand or visual identity is rarely static and whether a company is undertaking a large scale transition or a series of evolutionary changes, the phases of the visual identity management cycle always apply.
Improvements can be made that will deliver greater brand performance no matter what phase of the cycle a company is in.
Valuation methodology
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Valuation methodology
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sectionone appendixtwo
2011 BrandFinance Global Intangibles Financial Tracker
United States China Britain Japan Brazil Canada Australia France Spain Switzerland
Tangible Net Assets Disclosed Intangible Assets (ex g/w) Disclosed Goodwilll Undisclosed Value
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Disclaimer
Brand Finance has produced this study with an independent and unbiased analysis. The values derived and opinions produced in this study are based only on publicly available information and certain assumptions that Brand Finance used where such data was deficient or unclear. No independent verification or audit of such materials was undertaken. Brand Finance accepts no responsibility and will not be liable in the event that the publicly available information relied upon is subsequently found to be inaccurate. The conclusions expressed are the opinions of Brand Finance and are not intended to be warranties or guarantees that a particular value or projection can be achieved in any transaction. The opinions expressed in the report are not to be construed as providing investment advice. Brand Finance does not intend the report to be relied upon for technical reasons and excludes all liability to any organisation.
Disclaimer
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Brand Finance plc (London) is the worlds leading independent brand valuation consultancy. We have a global footprint with offices in more than 20 countries. For more information please refer to our website: www.brandfinance.com
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