AL Chemistry 2000 Paper 1+2

Candidate Number
2000-AL
CHEM Centre Number
PAPER 1 Seat Number
HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AUTHORITY
HONG KONG ADVANCED LEVEL EXAMINATION 2000
CHEMISTRY A-LEVEL PAPER 1

Question-Answer Book
8.30 am – 11.30 am (3 hours) Marker’s Examiner’s

This paper must be answered in English Use Only Use Only
Marker No. Examiner No.
1. There are THREE sections in this paper,

A1
Section A, Section B and Section C.
2. Section A carries 60 marks, A2

Section B carries 20 marks, and
Section C carries 20 marks.
A3
3. All questions in Sections A and B are
COMPULSORY. Answers are to be written
A4
in this Question-Answer Book. If you use
supplementary answer sheet(s) for these two
sections, write your Candidate Number on each A5
sheet and fasten them with string to this
Question-Answer Book.
A6
4. Answer ONE question in Section C. Answers
are to be written in the AL(D) Answer Book. A
Total
5. Write your Candidate Number, Centre Number
and Seat Number in the spaces provided on this
cover.
B7
6. Some useful constants and a Periodic Table are
respectively printed on pages 18 and 19 of this B8
Question-Answer Book.
B
Total
Checker’s Use Only
 香港考試局　　保留版權 Checker No.
Hong Kong Examinations Authority
All Rights Reserved 2000 A Total
B Total
2000-AL-CHEM 1–1
SECTION A Do not write in
this margin
Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1. (a) The diagrams below show the arrangements of atoms, ions or molecules in four crystalline
substances : graphite, ice, iodine and sodium chloride
(i) Write the name of the substance for each structure in the space provided.
(ii) Label, on the diagrams, the types of interactions that are present in these substances.
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
(6 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–2 –1–

保留版權 All Rights Reserved 2000
1. (b) Explain why nitrogen forms only one chloride, NCl3 , whereas phosphorus forms two chlorides, Do not write in
this margin
PCl3 and PCl5.
(2 marks)
(c) Account for the order of boiling point for the two series of compounds below :
H2O > C2H5OH > C2H5OC2H5
H2S < C2H5SH < C2H5SC2H5
(3 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–3 –2– Go on to the next page

2. (a) Propanoic acid is a weak acid. Explain the effect on the degree of ionization of propanoic acid of Do not write in
this margin
adding each of the following substances to an aqueous solution of propanoic acid.
(i) hydrogen chloride gas
(ii) sodium propanoate solid
(3 marks)
(b) Calculate the pH at 298 K of a solution prepared by mixing equal volumes of 0.105 M NaOH(aq)
and 0.095 M HCl(aq).
(2 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–4 –3–

2. (c) Cerium(III) iodate(V), Ce(IO3)3, is a sparingly soluble ionic compound. Do not write in
this margin
(i) Explain why in a solution saturated with cerium(III) iodate(V), the ionic product
[Ce3+(aq)] [IO3–(aq)]3 is a constant at a given temperature.
(ii) At 298 K, the solubility of cerium(III) iodate(V) in water is 1.87 × 10–3 mol dm–3.
For a saturated solution of cerium(III) iodate(V), calculate the ionic product
[Ce3+(aq)] [IO3–(aq)]3 at 298 K.
(4 marks)

3. (a) (i) Write the ground state electronic configuration of a chromium atom. Do not write in
this margin
(ii) Draw the structure for the dichromate(VI) ion.
(2 marks)
(b) In a titration experiment, 25.00 cm3 of acidified FeSO4(aq) required 32.15 cm3 of
0.0203 M K2Cr2O7(aq) for complete reaction.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction involved.
(ii) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the FeSO4(aq).
(3 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–6 –5–

3. (c) For each of the following experiments, state the expected observation and write the relevant Do not write in
this margin
balanced equation(s).
(i) Concentrated sulphuric(VI) acid is added to potassium iodide solid.
(ii) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thiosulphate solution.
(iii) Steam is passed over a piece of test paper coated with anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride.
(6 marks)

4. (a) (i) The table below lists the colours of four vanadium-containing species. Complete the Do not write in
this margin
table by giving the oxidation state of vanadium in each species.
Species Colour Oxidation state of vanadium
VO2+(aq) yellow
2+
VO (aq) blue
V3+(aq) green
2+
V (aq) violet
(ii) Consider the following standard reduction potentials in acidic condition :
E-O- / V
V3+(aq) + e– V2+(aq) –0.25

SO4 (aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e–
2–
H2SO3(aq) + H2O(") +0.17
VO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e– V3+(aq) + H2O(") +0.36
I2(aq) + 2e– 2I–(aq) +0.54
VO2 (aq) + 2H+(aq) + e–
+
VO2+(aq) + H2O(") +1.00
For each of the experiments below, state the expected observation and write a balanced
equation for the overall reaction.
(I) Excess KI(aq) is added to VO2+(aq).
(II) Excess SO2(g) is bubbled into VO2+(aq).
(6 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–8 –7–

4. (b) The compound cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2] is used in chemotherapy as an anti-cancer drug. Do not write in
this margin
(i) Give the systematic name of cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2].
(ii) Give the oxidation state, coordination number and stereochemistry of platinum in this
compound.
(3 marks)

5. (a) Consider the reaction : Do not write in
this margin
Br
HBr
(i) Name the type of the reaction.
(ii) Outline a mechanism of the reaction.
(iii) Draw the structures of all possible stereoisomers of the product.
(iv) Would the product rotate a beam of plane polarized light ? Explain your answer.
(5 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–10 –9–

5. (b) (i) Give the reagents and conditions for the two steps of the conversion : Do not write in
this margin
O OH
Step 1
CH3CH2 C N(CH3)2 CH3CH2 CH N(CH3)2
A
Step 2
CH3CH CH N(CH3)2
Step 1 :
Step 2 :
(ii) Suggest a chemical test for the carbonyl group in compound A.
(iii) State the expected observation when HCl(aq) is added to compound A.
(4 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–11 – 10 – Go on to the next page

6. (a) Arrange the compounds, B, C, D and E, in order of increasing basicity. Explain your arrangement. Do not write in
this margin
NH2 CONH2 CH2NH2 CH=CH2
CH3
B C D E
(4 marks)
(b) The conversion below can be completed in not more than four steps. Using equations, show how
you would carry out the conversion in the laboratory. For each step, give the reagent(s),
conditions and structure of the product.
CH2CH2Br CH2CH2CH2OH
(3 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–12 – 11 –
6. (c) CCl3F (Freon-11) is being replaced by CF3CH2F as a commonly-used refrigerant because CCl3F Do not write in
this margin
causes depletion of the stratospheric ozone.
(i) With the help of equations, explain why CCl3F causes depletion of the stratospheric
ozone.
(ii) Explain why CF3CH2F would not cause ozone depletion.
(4 marks)
END OF SECTION A

SECTION B Do not write in
this margin
Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
7. (a) Sulphur dioxide can be prepared by the reaction of copper with concentrated sulphuric(VI) acid.
Describe how you would obtain a sample of dry sulphur dioxide gas from the reaction. Draw a
labelled diagram of the set-up of apparatus for the preparation.
(4 marks)
(b) Without giving any experimental detail, outline what measurements have to be taken in order to
determine the activation energy of a reaction.
(3 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–14 – 13 –
7. (c) (i) Outline how you would test for the presence of nitrate(V) ions in a sample of ammonium Do not write in
this margin
nitrate(V) solid.
(ii) What hazard warning label should be displayed on a bottle of ammonium nitrate(V)
solid ?
(3 marks)

8. (a) In order to establish the functional groups present in an acyclic compound F (C4H6O), three Do not write in
this margin
chemical tests were carried out. The test results are listed in the table below.
(i) Complete the table by giving the inference of each test.
Test reagent Test result Inference
Acidified K2Cr2O7(aq) positive Functional group(s) that may be present :
Tollens’ reagent negative Functional group(s) absent :
Br2 in CH3CCl3 positive Functional group(s) that may be present :
(ii) Based on the above information, draw four possible structures of F.
(5 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 1–16 – 15 –
8. (b) An aqueous solution of ethanol of about 14% can be prepared by fermentation of glucose. Do not write in
this margin
(i) State the conditions required for the fermentation process.
(ii) The concentration of ethanol in the solution obtained can be increased to about 95% by
fractional distillation. Draw a labelled diagram for the set-up of apparatus in the
fractional distillation.
(iii) Explain why pure ethanol cannot be obtained by fractional distillation of an aqueous
solution of ethanol.
(5 marks)
END OF SECTION B

SECTION C
Answer ONE question only and write your answers in the AL(D) Answer Book.
Marks will be allocated approximately as follows :
chemical knowledge 50%

organization 30%
presentation (including use of language) 20%
Equations, suitable diagrams and examples are expected where appropriate.
The examiners are looking for the ability to analyse, to evaluate and to express ideas clearly.
9. Write an essay on catalysis and catalytic reactions.

(20 marks)
10. Write an essay on the chemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons.

(20 marks)
END OF PAPER
2000-AL-CHEM 1–18 – 17 –
Constants
Useful Constants
Gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
Avogadro constant, L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s
Speed of light in vacuum, c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1
Ionic product of water at 298 K, Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6
Characteristic Infra-red Absorption Wavenumber Ranges

(Stretching modes)
Bond Compound type Wavenumber range /cm–1
C=C Alkenes 1610 to 1680

C=O Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters 1680 to 1750
C≡C Alkynes 2070 to 2250
C≡N Nitriles 2200 to 2280
O–H Acids (hydrogen-bonded) 2500 to 3300
C–H Alkanes, alkenes, arenes 2840 to 3095
O–H Alcohols, phenols (hydrogen-bonded) 3230 to 3670
N–H Amines 3350 to 3500
2000-AL-CHEM 1–18 – 18 –
PERIODIC TABLE 週期表
GROUP 族 atomic number 原子序

I 0
1 1 2
2000-AL-CHEM 1–20
H H He
1.008 II 1.008 III IV V VI VII 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 relative atomic mass 相對原子質量 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.90 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.70 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
– 19 –
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 ** 104 105
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262)
* 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
** 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)
2000-AL
CHEM HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AUTHORITY
PAPER 2
CHEMISTRY A-LEVEL PAPER 2
1.30 pm – 4.30 pm (3 hours)

This paper must be answered in English
1. There are TWO sections in this paper, Section A and

Section B.
2. Section A carries 60 marks and Section B carries 40

marks.
3. Answer THREE questions from Section A and TWO

questions from Section B.
4. Answers to questions in Sections A and B are to be

written in the AL(C)1 and AL(C)2 Answer Books
respectively.
5. Some useful constants and a Periodic Table are

respectively printed on pages 18 and 19 of this
question book.
香港考試局　　保留版權
All Rights Reserved 2000
2000-AL-CHEM 2–1
SECTION A
Answer any THREE questions in this Section, using the AL(C)1 Answer Book.
1. (a) Consider the mass spectrum of chlorine gas :
relative abundance
mass
charge
(A, B, C, D and E represent five different ionic species.)
(i) Explain why there are five peaks in the mass spectrum.
(ii) The ratio of relative abundance of D to E is 1 : 3.
(I) Calculate the relative atomic mass of chlorine.
(II) Calculate the ratio of relative abundance of A to

B to C.
(7 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 2–2 –1–

1. (b) (i) Identify particles X, Y and Z in the nuclear reactions
below :
14 14
(I) 6C → 7N +X
9
(II) 4 Be + 42 He → Y + 10 n
228 224
(III) 90 Th → 88 Ra +Z
(ii) A radioisotope used in medical application has a half-life

of 2.5 hours. Its activity at 10:00 a.m. is 12000 counts
minute–1. Calculate its activity at 8:00 p.m. on the same
day.
(iii) Explain why irradiation is a commonly-used technique for

preserving food such as fruits and vegetables.
(7 marks)
(c) The figure below shows the Lyman series of the atomic emission
spectrum of hydrogen.
Frequency
(i) What do the spectral lines represent ?
(ii) With the help of appropriate drawing, explain why the

spectral lines become progressively closer to each other as
frequency increases.
(iii) Suggest how the ionization enthalpy of hydrogen can be

obtained from its atomic emission spectrum.
(iv) Suggest one application of atomic emission spectroscopy

in chemical analysis.
(6 marks)

2. (a) (i) What is the first ionization enthalpy of an element ?
(ii) Sketch a graph to show the variation in first ionization

enthalpy of the elements from Ne to Ar.
(4 marks)
(b) The first and second electron affinities of oxygen are –141 kJ mol–1
and +791 kJ mol–1 respectively. Explain why they have opposite
signs.
(2 marks)
(c) Explain why the atomic radius of calcium (0.197 nm) is

significantly greater than that of zinc (0.137 nm).
(2 marks)
(d) Draw three-dimensional structures for methane and carbon dioxide.

Give the hybridization state of the carbon atom in each molecule.
(3 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 2–4 –3–

2. (e) (i) Outline the synthesis of nitric(V) acid from ammonia.
Illustrate your answer with balanced equations.
(ii) A sample of nitric(V) acid contains 68.0% of HNO3 by

mass and has a density of 1.42 g cm–3. Calculate the
concentration, in mol dm–3, of HNO3 in the sample.
(iii) An aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate(V) was

prepared by neutralization of aqueous ammonia with
nitric(V) acid. Suggest how you would obtain crystalline
ammonium nitrate(V) from the solution.
(iv) Dinitrogen oxide (N2O), an anaesthetic, can be prepared

by heating a mixture of ammonium chloride and
potassium nitrate(V). Write a balanced equation for the
reaction involved.
(9 marks)

3. (a) (i) What is ‘disproportionation’ ?
(ii) State the expected observation when water is added to

copper(I) sulphate(VI), a white solid. Write a balanced
equation for the reaction involved.
(3 marks)
(b) At 333 K, the initial rate of the hydrolysis of CH3Br, a SN2

reaction, was found to be 8.23 × 10–5 mol dm–3 s–1 when the
initial concentrations of CH3Br and OH– ions were
0.05 mol dm-3 and 0.20 mol dm–3 respectively.
(i) Calculate the rate constant, k, for the hydrolysis at 333 K.
(ii) The table below lists the rate constants for the hydrolysis
at three other temperatures, T.
T/K 293 308 323

3 –1 –1
k/dm mol s 1.05 × 10 –4
6.15 × 10 –4
3.07 × 10–3
Determine the activation energy, Ea , for the hydrolysis by

plotting an appropriate graph.
Ea
−
(Arrhenius equation : k = Ae RT where A is a constant
and R is the gas constant.)
(7 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 2–6 –5–

3. (c) An acid-base indicator, HIn, is a weak acid with dissociation
constant Ka.
HIn(aq) + H2O(") H3O+(aq) + In–(aq)

yellow blue
[In − (aq)]
(i) Show that pH = pKa + log
[HIn (aq)] .
(ii) Given that Ka of HIn is 1.0 × 10–4 mol dm–3, deduce the
colour of a solution containing the indicator
(I) at pH 3.9.
(II) at pH 10.0.
(5 marks)
(d) An electrochemical cell is set up by connecting a standard

hydrogen electrode and a half-cell consisting of a zinc rod dipped
into a 1.00 M zinc sulphate(VI) solution with a salt bridge.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram for a standard hydrogen

electrode.
(ii) Write the cell diagram for the electrochemical cell, using
the IUPAC convention.
(iii) What is the e.m.f. of the cell under standard conditions ?
(iv) State, with explanation, the effect on the e.m.f. of the cell
of increasing the concentration of Zn2+(aq) ions.
(Standard reduction potential of Zn2+(aq)|Zn(s) is –0.76 V.)

(5 marks)

Standard enthalpy change of combustion, ∆H c—
O
4. (a) , 298 , can be
calculated using standard enthalpy change of formation data or
bond dissociation enthalpy data.
(i) Given the following standard enthalpy changes of

formation, calculate ∆H c—
O
, 298 [CH4(g)] .
∆H f—
O
Compound , 298 / kJ mol–1
CO2(g) – 393
H2O(") – 285
CH4(g) – 75
(ii) Given the following bond dissociation enthalpies (E),

calculate ∆H —
O
,
c [CH (g)] .
298 4
Bond E / kJ mol–1
C–H +433
O=O +497
C=O +806
H–O +465
(iii) Comment on the values calculated in (i) and (ii).

(6 marks)
(b) (i) Both argon and xenon (Xe) are Group 0 elements in the
Periodic Table. Explain why compounds of xenon and
fluorine exist, whereas compounds of argon and fluorine
are unknown.
(ii) Draw the three-dimensional structure of xenon(IV)

fluoride, showing the bond electron pairs and lone
electron pairs of the central atom.
(3 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 2–8 –7–

4. (c) Chrome yellow, the yellow pigment used in oil paintings, is lead(II)
chromate(VI). When exposed to an atmosphere with medium
humidity containing sulphur dioxide, the yellow colour of oil
paintings changes slowly to yellowish green.
(i) Describe the reactions that have taken place to produce the
colour change.
(ii) Why is the colour change slow ?

(4 marks)
(d) Mixtures of hexane (C6H14) and heptane (C7H16) behave as ideal

solutions.
(i) Why do mixtures of hexane and heptane behave ideally ?
(ii) Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution of 60.0 g of

hexane and 45.0 g of heptane at 293 K.
(iii) Sketch a labelled phase diagram of the hexane-heptane

system at 293 K showing
(I) the vapour pressure – liquid composition relationship,

and
(II) the vapour pressure – vapour composition relationship.
(At 293 K, vapour pressures of hexane and heptane are 658 Pa

and 471 Pa respectively.)
(7 marks)
END OF SECTION A

SECTION B
Answer any TWO questions in this Section, using the AL(C)2 Answer Book.
5. (a) (i) State the two main air pollutants formed by burning
sulphur-containing coal in power stations.
(ii) For each pollutant,
(I) state one of its environmental consequences, and
(II) suggest one measure to reduce its emission into

the atmosphere.
(4 marks)
(b) With the help of equations, outline the chemistry of smog

formation from car exhaust.
(4 marks)
(c) (i) The pKa values of phenols and alkanols are about 10
and 16 respectively. Account for the difference in pKa
value of the two classes of compounds.
(ii) The reaction below gives only one organic product F.
(1) K2CO3 (0.1 mol)

HO(CH2)3 OH F
(2) CH3I (0.1 mol)
(0.1 mol)
Draw the structure of F and explain why only one organic

product is formed.
(4 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 2–10 –9–

5. (d) A mixture of two organic products, G and H, was obtained in the
reaction :
COCl
HO(CH2)5OH + G+H
(0.1 mol) (0.15 mol)
The mixture was separated by paper chromatography using a

mixture of hexane and ether as solvent. The Rf values of G and H
were found to be 0.84 and 0.55 respectively.
(i) Deduce the structures of G and H.
(ii) Suggest a chemical test to distinguish between G and H.
(iii) State how the use of infra-red spectroscopy can provide

further proof for the structures of G and H.
(8 marks)

6. (a) Sodium stearate CH3(CH2)16CO2– Na+ , the most common soap, can
be made by heating a triglyceride with sodium hydroxide solution.
(i) Draw the structure of the triglyceride.
(ii) With the help of equation(s), describe the chemistry when

soap is added to hard water.
(iii) Explain why washing soda, Na2CO3.10H2O, can help to

reduce the hardness of water.
(4 marks)
(b) Product J, from the transformation below, is a commonly-used

household detergent.
(1) conc. H2SO4

CH3(CH2)11 J
(2) NaOH(aq)
(i) Draw the structure of J.
(ii) State one advantage of using J as a detergent.
(iii) State one environmental problem associated with the use

of J.
(3 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 2–12 – 11 –
6. (c) Dodecyl glucoside is a new detergent.
CH2OH
O O (CH2)11CH3
OH
OH
OH
dodecyl glucoside
(i) Explain why dodecyl glucoside can be used in the

cleansing of oily dirts.
(ii) Suggest how dodecyl glucoside can be degraded in the

environment.
(4 marks)
(d) The conversion below can be completed in not more than four
steps.
OH
OH O
CH3 CH3 C (CH2)4 C OH
H
Use equations to show how you would carry out the conversion in
the laboratory. For each step, give the reagent(s), conditions and
structure of the product.
(4 marks)
(This question is continued on the next page.)

6. (e) Identify L, M, N, P and Q in the following reactions :
Cl
L
(i)
O OH
M
(ii)
CH3
(iii) KOH, 100oC
C Cl N
CH3
H2SO4, 100oC
(iv) NC(CH2)4CO2CH3 CH3OH + P
(v) CH3(CH2)2CHO + H2N Q
(5 marks)
2000-AL-CHEM 2–14 – 13 –
7. (a) An acyclic compound, R (C7H12O) has a linear structure. R can be
converted to S and then to T :
LiAlH4 H2/Pd
C7H12O C7H14O C7H16O
R S T
Given that R exists as a mixture of geometrical isomers, S has a

chiral carbon centre, and T does not have any chiral carbon centre,
deduce all possible structures of R, S and T.
(8 marks)
(b) Aspartame, a sweetener, has the structure below :
O CO2CH3
H2N CH C NH CHCH2
CH2CO2H
(i) Name all functional groups in aspartame.
(ii) Upon hydrolysis, aspartame gives two amino acids.

Draw their structures.
(iii) Two electrodes are dipped into an aqueous solution

containing the two amino acids in a pH 12 buffer, and are
connected to the two poles of a battery. Which species
derived from these amino acids will move faster towards
the anode ? Explain your answer.
(7 marks)
(This question is continued on the next page.)

7. (c) The compounds below are the monomers of some polymers.
O2 N COCl H2 N CO2H
These compounds react in the presence of an inorganic reagent U

to give compound V.
O
O2 N C N CO2H
H
V
(i) What is reagent U ?
(ii) The flow diagram below illustrates the reaction sequence

for the transformation of V to compound W with four
aromatic rings. What are reagents X and Y ?
reagent X reagent Y
O O
O2N C N COCl H2 N C N CO2H
H H
reagent U
O
O2N C N CO2H
H 3
2000-AL-CHEM 2–16 – 15 –
(iii) In the reaction sequence as in (ii), V is replaced by W —
that is, W is allowed to react with reagents X and Y, and
the products react in the presence of U to form a polymer
Z. Draw the structure of Z.
(5 marks)
END OF PAPER
2000-AL-CHEM 2–17 – 16 –
This is a blank page.
2000-AL-CHEM 2–18 – 17 –
Useful Constants
Gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
Avogadro constant, L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s
Speed of light in vacuum, c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1
Ionic product of water at 298 K, Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6
Characteristic Infra-red Absorption Wavenumber Ranges

(Stretching modes)
Bond Compound type Wavenumber range /cm–1
C=C Alkenes 1610 to 1680

C=O Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters 1680 to 1750
C≡C Alkynes 2070 to 2250
C≡N Nitriles 2200 to 2280
O–H Acids (hydrogen-bonded) 2500 to 3300
C–H Alkanes, alkenes, arenes 2840 to 3095
O–H Alcohols, phenols (hydrogen-bonded) 3230 to 3670
N–H Amines 3350 to 3500
2000-AL-CHEM 2–19 – 18 –
PERIODIC TABLE 週期表
atomic number 原子序

GROUP 族
I O
1 1 2
2000-AL-CHEM 2-20
H H He
1.008 II 1.008 III IV V VI VII 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 relative atomic mass 相對原子質量 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.90 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.70 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
– 19 –
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 ** 104 105
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262)
* 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
** 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)
HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AUTHORITY
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
(Group 01)
This paper must be answered in English

Three hours
Part I : Volumetric Exercise

As soon as you obtain your results, record them on Answer Sheet I.
Use a pipette and a pipette filler to transfer solutions when high precision is required.
Dilute and standardize the hydrochloric acid labelled 'A', then use it to determine the
molarity of the solution of potassium hydroxide labelled 'B'.
Experimental Details
Dilute 50.00 cm3 of 'A' to 250.0 cm3 with deionized water.
Standardization of Diluted 'A' : Transfer 25.00 cm3 of the 0.102 M solution of sodium
hydroxide labelled 'Standard' into a flask, add to it 2 drops of methyl red indicator, then titrate it
with the diluted 'A' until the colour changes to red.
Determination of the Molarity of 'B' : Transfer 25.00 cm3 of 'B' to a flask, add to it 2 drops
of methyl red indicator, then titrate it with the diluted 'A' until the colour goes red.
Relevant Equation
H+ + OH– → H2O
/P.T.O.
香港考試局　　保留版權
All Rights Reserved 2000
Part II : Observational and Deductive Exercise
1. Carry out the instructions, listed on Answer Sheet II, on the sample contained in the tube
which is labelled with a sample number.
2. For each test, observe carefully what happens and record your observations concisely in
the space provided on Answer Sheet II. Identify any gas evolved, indicating the test(s)
you have employed.
Record ‘no observable change’ where appropriate.
3. Summarize, in the space provided on the back of the sheet, your conclusions as to the
chemical nature of the sample. Deduce, where possible, what ionic and/or molecular
species are present in the sample.

AL Chemistry 2000 Paper 1+2

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

AL Chemistry 2000 Paper 1+2

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Candidate Number

CHEMISTRY A-LEVEL PAPER 1

8.30 am – 11.30 am (3 hours) Marker’s Examiner’s

1. There are THREE sections in this paper,

2. Section A carries 60 marks, A2

Checker’s Use Only

2000-AL-CHEM 1–2 –1–

H2O > C2H5OH > C2H5OC2H5

H2S < C2H5SH < C2H5SC2H5

2000-AL-CHEM 1–3 –2– Go on to the next page

(i) hydrogen chloride gas

(ii) sodium propanoate solid

2000-AL-CHEM 1–4 –3–

2000-AL-CHEM 1–5 –4– Go on to the next page

(ii) Draw the structure for the dichromate(VI) ion.

(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction involved.

(ii) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the FeSO4(aq).

2000-AL-CHEM 1–6 –5–

(i) Concentrated sulphuric(VI) acid is added to potassium iodide solid.

(ii) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thiosulphate solution.

2000-AL-CHEM 1–7 –6– Go on to the next page

Species Colour Oxidation state of vanadium

(ii) Consider the following standard reduction potentials in acidic condition :

V3+(aq) + e– V2+(aq) –0.25

(I) Excess KI(aq) is added to VO2+(aq).

(II) Excess SO2(g) is bubbled into VO2+(aq).

2000-AL-CHEM 1–8 –7–

2000-AL-CHEM 1–9 –8– Go on to the next page

(i) Name the type of the reaction.

(ii) Outline a mechanism of the reaction.

(iii) Draw the structures of all possible stereoisomers of the product.

2000-AL-CHEM 1–10 –9–

(ii) Suggest a chemical test for the carbonyl group in compound A.

(iii) State the expected observation when HCl(aq) is added to compound A.

2000-AL-CHEM 1–11 – 10 – Go on to the next page

NH2 CONH2 CH2NH2 CH=CH2

(ii) Explain why CF3CH2F would not cause ozone depletion.

2000-AL-CHEM 1–13 – 12 – Go on to the next page

2000-AL-CHEM 1–15 – 14 – Go on to the next page

(i) Complete the table by giving the inference of each test.

Test reagent Test result Inference

Acidified K2Cr2O7(aq) positive Functional group(s) that may be present :

Tollens’ reagent negative Functional group(s) absent :

Br2 in CH3CCl3 positive Functional group(s) that may be present :

(ii) Based on the above information, draw four possible structures of F.

2000-AL-CHEM 1–17 – 16 – Go on to the next page

Marks will be allocated approximately as follows :

chemical knowledge 50%

Equations, suitable diagrams and examples are expected where appropriate.

9. Write an essay on catalysis and catalytic reactions.

10. Write an essay on the chemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Avogadro constant, L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

Speed of light in vacuum, c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

Ionic product of water at 298 K, Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6

Characteristic Infra-red Absorption Wavenumber Ranges

Bond Compound type Wavenumber range /cm–1

C=C Alkenes 1610 to 1680

GROUP 族 atomic number 原子序

保留版權 All Rights Reserved 2000

CHEMISTRY A-LEVEL PAPER 2

1.30 pm – 4.30 pm (3 hours)