Candidate Number

2002-AL
CHEM Centre Number
PAPER 1 Seat Number
HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AUTHORITY
HONG KONG ADVANCED LEVEL EXAMINATION 2002

CHEMISTRY A-LEVEL PAPER 1

Question-Answer Book

8.30 am – 11.30 am (3 hours) Marker’s Examiner’s

This paper must be answered in English Use Only Use Only
Marker No. Examiner No.

1. There are THREE sections in this paper,

A1
Section A, Section B and Section C.

2. Section A carries 60 marks, A2

Section B carries 20 marks, and
Section C carries 20 marks.
A3
3. All questions in Sections A and B are
COMPULSORY. Answers are to be written
A4
in this Question-Answer Book. If you use
supplementary answer sheet(s) for these two
sections, write your Candidate Number on each A5
sheet and fasten them with string to this
Question-Answer Book.
A6
4. Answer ONE question in Section C. Answers
are to be written in the AL(D) Answer Book. A
Total
5. Write your Candidate Number, Centre Number
and Seat Number in the spaces provided on this
cover.
B7
6. Some useful constants and a Periodic Table are
respectively printed on pages 18 and 19 of this B8
Question-Answer Book.
B
Total

Checker’s Use Only

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Hong Kong Examinations Authority
All Rights Reserved 2002 A Total

B Total
2002-AL-CHEM 1–1
 Do not write in
SECTION A this margin

Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. (a) The pH of human blood is maintained within a narrow range from 7.35 to 7.45 by a natural
buffer system consisting of carbonic acid, H2CO3(aq), and hydrogencarbonate ions, HCO3– (aq).

(i) A buffer solution containing H2CO3(aq) and HCO3– (aq) in equal concentrations has a
pH of 6.10. Calculate the dissociation constant, Ka , for H2CO3(aq).

(ii) Calculate the ratio of concentrations of HCO3– (aq) and H2CO3(aq) in blood at pH 7.40.

(iii) (I) Would the blood pH of a person increase or decrease in the course of physical
exertion ? Explain your answer.

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1. (a) (iii) (II) Briefly explain why the H2CO3(aq) / HCO3– (aq) buffer system can maintain this margin
the blood pH.

(7 marks)

(b) You are provided with the following standard reduction potentials:
__
Eo / V
Fe2+(aq) + 2e– Fe(s) – 0.44

Sn2+(aq) + 2e– Sn(s) – 0.14

　
–
O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e 4OH–(aq) + 0.40

(i) Show, from the above information, that the corrosion of iron is spontaneous.

(ii) ‘Tin cans’ made from tin-coated iron sheets are widely used in the food industry. Will
rusting occur if the tin coating is scratched ? Explain your answer.

(4 marks)

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2. (a) A closed system consisting of a mixture of N2O4(g) and NO2(g) is allowed to attain equilibrium this margin
at 350 K and 700 kPa. The mixture has a light brown colour.

N2O4(g) 　 2NO2(g)
pale yellow brown

(i) The mixture is known to contain 46 mol % of N2O4(g). Calculate Kp for the
dissociation of N2O4(g) at 350 K and 700 kPa.

(ii) Describe the colour change of the mixture when its temperature is increased under the
same pressure. Explain your answer.

(4 marks)

2002-AL-CHEM 1–4 −3−

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2. (b) An experiment was carried out to study the acid-catalysed bromination of propanone at 298 K. this margin

H+(aq)
CH3COCH3(aq) + Br2(aq) CH3COCH2Br(aq) + HBr(aq)

The table below lists the results of the experiment.

Initial concentration / mol dm–3

Initial rate / mol dm–3 s–1
[CH3COCH3(aq)] [Br2(aq)] [H+(aq)]
0.30 0.050 0.050 5.7 × 10–5
0.30 0.100 0.050 5.7 × 10–5
0.30 0.050 0.100 1.2 × 10–4
0.40 0.050 0.200 3.1 × 10–4
0.40 0.050 0.050 7.6 × 10–5

(i) Deduce the rate equation for the reaction.

(ii) Calculate the rate constant for the reaction at 298 K.

(5 marks)

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3. (a) (i) Write the ground state electronic configuration of a copper atom. this margin

(ii) Account for the following observation:

When hydrated copper(II) hydroxide solid is shaken with deionized water, the liquid
portion of the mixture is very pale blue. On the addition of an aqueous solution of
ammonium chloride, the liquid portion shows no significant change in colour.
However, if instead, aqueous ammonia is added, an intense blue colour is observed.

(4 marks)

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3. (b) Give the oxidation states of the transition metals in the following compounds : this margin

Fe3O4 __________________ Ni(CO)4 _________________

(2 marks)

(c) CO2 and SiO2 are oxides of Group IV elements.

(i) Account for the fact that CO2 is a gas while SiO2 is a high melting solid under room
temperature and atmospheric pressure.

(ii) Give the hybridization state of carbon in CO2 and of silicon in SiO2.

(4 marks)

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4. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. this margin

Parallels exist between main group chemistry and organic chemistry. One of the best known of
these parallels is between benzene, C6H6 , and the isoelectronic borazine (the so-called ‘inorganic
benzene’), B3N3H6. All the B−N bond distances in the planar borazine ring are equal to 0.144 nm and
the C−C bond distances in benzene are also 0.144 nm, indicating that the structure of borazine can be
represented by a delocalized bonding scheme. Some of the similarities in physical properties between
these two compounds are striking, as shown in the table below. However, their chemistry is different
because of the difference in electronegativity between boron and nitrogen. For example, borazine reacts
with hydrogen chloride gas whereas benzene does not.

Physical property Benzene Borazine

melting point / K 279 216
boiling point / K 353 338
–3
density / g cm 0.81 0.81

Another interesting parallel between boron-nitrogen chemistry and carbon chemistry is

exemplified by boron nitride, (BN)x. Boron nitride can exist in a hexagonal form, similar to graphite. In
graphite, the π-electrons are involved in an extended delocalized system and this gives rise to a high
electrical conductivity. In hexagonal boron nitride, the structure is composed of layers of hexagonal
B3N3 rings, which share common edges. Within a layer, the B−N distances are 0.145 nm, which is
almost equal to the B−N distance in borazine. In hexagonal boron nitride, the layers lie directly over one
another and are arranged so that boron and nitrogen atoms lie over each other. This contrasts with the
staggered pattern found in graphite. In hexagonal boron nitride, the inter-layer separation is 0.330 nm.
Unlike graphite, hexagonal boron nitride is a poor conductor of electricity.

(a) What is the physical state of borazine at room temperature ?

(1 mark)

(b) Draw the structure of a molecule of borazine, and deduce whether or not borazine possesses a
net dipole moment.

(3 marks)
2002-AL-CHEM 1–8 −7−
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4. (c) (i) Suggest why borazine reacts with HCl while benzene does not. this margin

(ii) Borazine reacts with HCl to give an addition product with molecular formula
B3N3H9Cl3 . Draw the structure of a molecule of B3N3H9Cl3 .

(2 marks)

(d) Draw the three-dimensional structure of hexagonal boron nitride, indicating clearly the B−N
distance within a layer and the distance between two layers. Label, on your diagram, the types of
interactions present in the compound.

(3 marks)

(e) Suggest why hexagonal boron nitride is a poor conductor of electricity.

(1 mark)

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5. (a) Two acylic structural isomeric compounds have the molecular formula C3H6O3. Both are this margin
optically active and have infrared absorptions at 3400 cm–1 and 1700 cm–1. Neither possesses an
alkoxy group.

(i) Draw the structure of each of the compounds. Label one of these structures ‘A’ and the
other ‘B’.

(ii) Suggest a chemical test, giving the expected observation, to distinguish between the
compounds represented by ‘A’ and ‘B’.

(iii) Give the structure of the major organic product formed when the two compounds are
treated separately with excess LiAlH4.

product from the compound product from the compound

represented by ‘A’ represented by ‘B’

(6 marks)

2002-AL-CHEM 1–10 −9−

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5. (b) Suggest reagent(s) to accomplish each of the following single-step transformations: this margin

O O OH O
(i) CH3C(CH2)4COCH3 CH3CH(CH2)4COCH3

NO2 NH2

(ii)
(CH2)2CH=CH2 (CH2)2CH=CH2

CHO CO2H

(iii)
COCH3 COCH3
OH OH

(3 marks)

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6. (a) Outline a synthetic route, in not more than four steps, to accomplish each of the following this margin
transformations. In each step, give the reagent(s), conditions and the structure of the organic
product.

O CH2NH2
(i)

NH2
(ii)
NH2

(6 marks)
2002-AL-CHEM 1–12 −11−
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6. (b) Under suitable conditions, sucrose undergoes hydrolysis to give glucose and fructose. this margin

CH2OH
O CH2OH
O
OH HO
OH O CH2OH
OH OH
sucrose

(i) Draw a ring structure for glucose and one for fructose.

glucose fructose

(ii) When treated with Fehling’s reagent, sucrose and glucose demonstrate different
behaviour.

(I) What are the major chemical components of Fehling’s reagent ?

(II) Explain why sucrose and glucose demonstrate different behaviour when
treated with Fehling’s reagent.

(5 marks)

END OF SECTION A
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 Do not write in
SECTION B this margin

Answer ALL questions in this Section. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

7. (a) An experiment was carried out to determine the percentage by mass of tin in a sample of bronze,
an alloy of copper and tin :

15.03 g of the finely divided sample was warmed with excess 1 M sulphuric(VI) acid to convert
all the tin to tin(II) sulphate(VI). The mixture was filtered to remove copper which did not
undergo reaction. The colourless filtrate was then diluted to 250.0 cm3 with deionized water.

Four portions of the diluted tin(II) sulphate(VI) solution, each of volume 25.00 cm3, were titrated
against 0.0205 M potassium manganate(VII) solution. The titres were 23.90 cm3, 23.35 cm3,
23.40 cm3 and 23.35 cm3.

The equation for the reaction involved in the titration is as follows:

5Sn2+(aq) + 2MnO4– (aq) + 16H+(aq) → 5Sn4+(aq) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2O(l)

(i) Describe how the end point of the titration can be detected.

(ii) Calculate the percentage by mass of tin in the sample of bronze.

(5 marks)

2002-AL-CHEM 1–14 −13−

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7. (b) Devise an experiment, using chemicals and apparatus commonly available in a school laboratory, this margin
to show that the reaction of peroxodisulphate(VI) ions with iodide ions can be catalysed by
iron(III) ions.

S2O82– (aq) + 2I– (aq) → 2SO42– (aq) + I2(aq)

(5 marks)

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8. (a) In an attempt to prepare 1-methylcyclopentene, 1-methylcyclopentanol was allowed to react with this margin
phosphoric(V) acid. The reaction mixture was then subjected to simple distillation.

(i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the set-up of apparatus used in a simple distillation.

(ii) Suggest a chemical test, giving the expected observation, to show the presence of an
alkene in the distillate.

(iii) The distillate was known to contain a small amount of unreacted

1-methylcyclopentanol. Suggest a method to separate it from the desirable product.

(iv) Is 1-methylcyclopentene the only compound obtained after the suggested separation
method in (iii) ? Explain.

(6 marks)

2002-AL-CHEM 1–16 −15−

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8. (b) A drug trafficker tried to isolate heroin from an illicit heroin block, which was in the form of this margin
heroin hydrochloride salt.

H
CH3 CH3
N N
Cl
H H

O O O O
H3C C O O O C CH3 H3C C O O O C CH3

heroin hydrochloride salt heroin

The drug trafficker ground the heroin block into powder and heated the powder with excess
sodium hydroxide solution. Dichloromethane was then used to extract the organic product from
the reaction mixture. After evaporation of dichloromethane, a white solid D, with a melting
point significantly different from that of heroin, was obtained.

(i) Draw the structure of D. Suggest why D instead of heroin was obtained.

(ii) Suggest a workable method to obtain heroin from heroin hydrochloride.

(iii) Suggest a reagent to convert D to heroin.

(4 marks)

END OF SECTION B
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 SECTION C

Answer ONE question only and write your answers in the AL(D) Answer Book.

Marks will be allocated approximately as follows :

chemical knowledge 50%

organization 30%
presentation (including use of language) 20%

Equations, suitable diagrams and examples are expected where appropriate.

The examiners are looking for the ability to analyse, to evaluate and to express ideas.

Marks
9. Write an essay on the chemistry of sulphuric(VI) acid.
(20 marks)

10. Write an essay on air pollution arising from coal-fired electricity generating plants and on measures to
reduce the amount of air pollutants in the flue gas.

(20 marks)

END OF PAPER

2002-AL-CHEM 1–18 −17−

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 Useful Constants

Gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Faraday constant, F = 9.65 × 104 C mol–1

Avogadro constant, L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1

Planck constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 J s

Speed of light in vacuum, c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1

Ionic product of water at 298 K, Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6

Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J g–1 K–1

Characteristic Infra-red Absorption Wavenumber Ranges

(Stretching modes)

Bond Compound type Wavenumber range /cm–1

C=C Alkenes 1610 to 1680

C=O Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters 1680 to 1750
C≡C Alkynes 2070 to 2250
C≡N Nitriles 2200 to 2280
O–H Acids (hydrogen-bonded) 2500 to 3300
C–H Alkanes, alkenes, arenes 2840 to 3095
O–H Alcohols, phenols (hydrogen-bonded) 3230 to 3670
N–H Amines 3350 to 3500

2002-AL-CHEM 1–19 −18−

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 PERIODIC TABLE 週期表

GROUP 族
atomic number 原子序
0
1 2
H He

2002-AL-CHEM 1–20
I II 1.0 III IV V VI VII 4.0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.9 9.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 12 relative atomic mass 相對原子質量 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 40.0
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

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K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

– 19 –
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 ** 104 105
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262)

* 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
** 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)
2002 A-Level Chemistry

Paper 1

Section A

1. (a) (i) 7.94 × 10–7 mol dm–3

(ii) 20

2. (a) (i) 444 kPa

(b) (ii) 3.8 × 10–3 dm3 mol–1 s–1

Section B

7. (ii) 9.46

2002-AL-CHEM 1–21 −20−

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