Beer Dinamica - Capitulo 14

PROBLEM14.
1
A ,
Car A oI mass 1800 kg and car B oI mass 1700 kg are at rest on a 20-Mg
Ilatcar which is also at rest. Cars A and B then accelerate and quickly
reach constant speeds relative to the Ilatcar oI 2.35 and 1.175
respectively, beIore decelerating to a stop at the opposite end oI the
Ilatcar. Neglecting and rolling resistance, determine the velocity
oI the Ilatcar when the cars are moving at constant speeds.
SOLUTION
The masses are = 1800 kg, = 1700 kg, and = 20 x kg.
Let and be the sought aIter velocities in positiveto the right.
Initial values:
Initial momentum oI system:
+ +
There are no horizontal external Iorces acting during the time period under consideration. Momentumis
conserved.
= + +
The relative velocities are given as
-2.35
-1.117
Solving and (3)simultaneously,
-2.085 0.910 0.265
= 0.265
PROBLEM14.2
Car A oI mass 1800 kg and car B oI mass 1700 kg are at rest on a Ilatcar
which is also at rest. Cars A and B then accelerate and quickly reach
I
constant speeds relative to the Ilatcar oI 2.55 and 2.50
respectively, beIore decelerating to a stop at the opposite end oI the
Ilatcar. Knowing that the speed oI the Ilatcar is when the cars
are moving at constant speeds, determine the mass oI the Ilatcar. Neglect
and rolling resistance.
SOLUTION
The masses are = 1800kg, = 1700 kg, and
Let the Iinal velocities be and v, = 0.34 positive to the right.
Initial values:
Initial momentum oI system:
+
conserved.
Solving Ior m, ,
= -
Fromthe given relative velocities,
+ 0.34 2.55 -2.21
+ 0.34 2.50 -2.16
Substitutingthese values in
= -
( 1 1) + ( 1
= 22.5 x kg
0.34
m, = 22.5 Mg
PROBLEM14.3
An airline employee tosses two suitcases, oI weight 30 and 40
respectively, onto a 50-lb baggage carrier in rapid succession. Knowing
that the camer is initially at rest and that the employee imparts a
horizontal velocity to the 30-lb suitcase and a horizontal velocity to
--
the 40-Ib suitcase, determine the Iinal velocity oI the baggage carrier iI
the Iirst suitcase tossed onto the carrier is the 30-lb suitcase,
(h) the 40-lb suitcase.
SOLUTION
The weights are = 30 = 40 lb, and = 50 Ib.
Initial velocities: = 9 = 6 -, and (v,), = 0.
There are no horizontal external Iorces acting during the impacts, and the baggage carrier is Iree to coast
between the impacts.
- -
Let v, be the common velocity oI suitcase A and the carrier aIter the Iirst impact and be the common
velocity oI the two suitcases and the carrier aIter the second impact.
Initial momenta:
and 0.
Suitcase A impacts carrier. ConservationoI momentum:

3.375
I F IF 80
Suitcase B impacts on suitcaseA and carrier. Conservation oI momentum:
+
+ +
=

=
+ + +
= 4.25
+ + 120
- - -
Let be the common velocity oI suitcaseBand the carrier aIter the Iirst impact and be the common
velocity oI all aIter the second impact.
Suitcase Bimpacts the carrier. ConservationoI momentum:
0
- 2.6667
8 90
Suitcase A impacts on suitcase B and camer. ConservationoI momentum:
+
+ +
+ =
=
4.25
+ + 120
PROBLEM14.4
An airline employee tosses two suitcases in rapid succession, with a
horizontal velocity oI 7.2 onto a 50-lb baggage carrier which is
initially at rest. (a) Knowing that the Iinal velocity oI the baggage carrier
is 3.6 and that the Iirst suitcase the employee tosses onto the carrier
has a weight oI determine the weight oI the other suitcase.
(h) What would be the Iinal velocity oI the carrier iI the employee
reversed the order in which he tosses the suitcases?
SOLUTION
The weights are = = ?, and = Ib.
Initial velocities: = =
=
Final velocity: =
(a) Conservation oI momentum:
+ +
+ = + +
=
(h) Equation (1) shows that the Iinal velocity is independent oI the order in which the suitcases are thrown.
=
PROBLEM14.5
A bullet is Iired with a horizontal velocity oI 500 through a 3-kg
block A and becomes embedded in a 2.5-kg block B. Knowing that blocks
A and B start moving with velocities oI 3 and 5 respectively
determine the mass oI the bullet, (b) its velocity as it travels
.
block A to block B.
SOLUTION
The masses are Ior the bullet and and Ior the blocks.
The bullet passes through block A and embeds in block B. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum: + + =
Final momentum: + +
Equating, = + +
500 - 5
= 43.4 g 4
(b) The bullet passes through block A. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum: + =
Final momentum: +
Equating, = +
(43.434 -
= = 292.79
43.434
v, = 293 -
PROBLEM14.6
An 80-Mg railroad engine A coasting at 6.5 strikes a 20-Mg Ilatcar
C carrying a 30-Mg load B which can slide along the Iloor oI the car
= 0.25 ). Knowing that the car was at rest with its brakes released
and that it automatically coupled with the engine upon impact, determine
the velocity oI the car (a) immediately aIter impact, (b) aIter the load has
slid to a stop relative to the car.
SOLUTION
The masses are the engine = 80 x the load = 30 and the Ilat car
Initial velocities:
= x
No horizontal external Iorces act on the system during the impact and while the load is sliding relative to the Ilat
car. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum:
+ +
(a) Let v' be the common velocity oI the engine and Ilat car immediatelyaIter impact. Assume that the
impact takes place beIore the load has time to acquire velocity.
Momentumimmediately aIter impact:
Equating (1) and (2) and solving Ior v
r
,
(b) Let be the common velocity oI all three masses aIter the load has slid to a stop relative to the car.
Corresponding momentum:
Equating and (3) and solving Ior
PROBLEM14.7
Three identical cars are being unloaded an automobile carrier. Cars
B and have just been unloaded and are at rest with their brakes oII
when car A leaves the unloading ramp with a velocity oI 5.76 and hits
car B, which hits car Car A then again hits car B. Knowing that the
velocity oI car B is 5.04 aIter the Iirst collision, 0.630 aIter the
second collision, and 0.709 aIter the third collision, determine (a) the
Iinal velocities oI cars A and (b) the coeIIicient oI restitution Ior each
oI the collisions.
SOLUTION
There are no horizontal Iorces acting. Horizontal momentumis conserved.
-
Event 1-2: Car A hits car B.
Event 2-3: Car B hits car
Event Car A hits car Bagain.
-
0.709 0.641
0.720 - 0.630
PROBLEM14.8
Three identical cars are being unloaded an automobilecarrier. Cars
B and C have just been unloaded and are at rest with their brakes oII
when car A leaves the unloading ramp witha velocity oI 6.00 and hits
car B, which hits car C. Car A then again hits car B. Knowing that the
velocity oI car A is 1.20 its Iirst collision with car B and
1.008 Ws aIter its second collision with car Band that the velocity oI car
C is 3.84 it has been hit by car B, determine (a) the velocity oI
car B each oI the three collisions, (h) the coeIIicient oI restitution Ior
each oI the collisions.
SOLUTION
There are no horizontal Iorcesacting. Horizontal momentumis conserved.
(a) Jelocities.
Event 1-2. Car A hits car B.
m(6.00) + = m(1.20) + = 4.80 -4
Event Car Bhits car C.
m(4.80) + = + m(3.84) = 0.960
Event Car A hits car B again.
m(1.20) + m(0.960) = + =
Coefficients ofrestitution.
4.80-1.20
Eventl-2:
= =
= 0.600
v
6.00 - 0
Event 2-3. =
)
3.84 - 0.960
( v ) -0
= 0.600 4
Event 3-4. = = 0.600
1.20 - 0.960
PROBLEM14.9
A system consists oI three particles, A, and C. We know that
= = 2 kg and = 14 kg and that the velocities oI the particles,
expressed in are, respectively, = 14i + =-14i + and
= -3j - 2k. Determine the angular momentum oI the system
about 0.
SOLUTION
Position vectors expressed in meters.
= + = + = +
MomentumoI each particle expressed in
= 28i + = -28i + = -42j -28k
Angular momentumoI the system about expressedin
+ +
=
= + - + + (37.83. + -
= Oi + Oj Ok
= zero.
j k
0.9 1.8 0
28 42 0
+ 0.9 0 0.9
0 -28
i j k
0 1.8 0.9
-28 42 0
+
PROBLEM14.10
For the system oI particles oI Prob. 14.9, determine the position
vector oI the mass center G oI the system, the linear momentum
oI the system, (c)the angular momentum oI the system about G.
Also veriIy that the answers to this problem and to Prob. 14.9 satisIy the
equation given in Prob. 14.28.
SOLUTION
r =
m
1
= + + + + +
18
= + + = (0.800 m)i + (0.400 m) +(0.800 m)k
= + +
=
= Oi + 42j - 28k = (42.0 j - (28.0
(c) Position vectors relative to the mass center Gexpressed in meters.
= - r = + - + +
= + -
= - = + - + +
= + +
= - = + - + +
= - +
= x + x + x
= (33.63 - - 35k) + - + + + -
= (44.8 - (22.4 j - (33.6
i j k
0.1 1.4 -0.8
28 42 0
+
j k
-0.8 1.4 0.1
-28 42 0
+
i j k
0.1 -0.4 0.1
0 - 42 -28
PROBLEM 14.10 CONTINUED
FromProblem14.28,
+ - -
=
i j k
0.8 0.4 0.8
0 42 -28
= (-44.83 + + + (44.81 - -
= Oi + Oj + Ok
From Problem 14.9, angular momentum oI the systemabout expressed in
+ +
+ - + + (37.81+ -
= Oi + Oj +Ok
+ =
i j k
0.9 0 0.9
0 - 42 -28
+
j k
0.9 1.8 0
28 42 0
i j k
0 1.8 0.9
-28 42 0
PROBLEM14.11
A system consists oI three identical 19.32-1b particles A, B, and The
velocities oI the particles are, respectively, = = and
= k. Knowing that the angular momentum oI the system about
expressed in I is = determine (a) the velocities oI the
particles, (b) the angular momentum oI the system about its mass
center G.
SOLUTION
The masses are = = = = 0.6
32.2
Position vectors = 3k, = 2i + 2j + 3k, = i + 4j
In units oI
= x + + x
- -
-
But, is given as
Equatingthe two expressions Ior and resolving into components,
i: - + = 0
j: - = 0
(a) Solving, = = (4.00 j
I =
= = (3.00
Coordinates oI mass center G in
+ +
r =
+ +
+ + 2j + 3k) + + 4j)
1.8
i j k
0
j k
2
k
0
PROBLEM14.11 CONTINUED
Position vectors relative to the mass center in It.
= = (3k) - (i + 2j + 2k) = - 2j + k
= - = (i + 4j) - (i + 2j + 2k) = 2j - 2k
= = (2.4
= = (0.6
= = (1.8
= x + x + x
(-i - 2j + k) x +(i + k) x + (2j - 2k) x
= - + + = + -
PROBLEM14.12
A system consists oI three identical 19.32-1b particles A, and C. The
velocities oI the particles are, respectively, = =
= and the magnitude oI the linear momentum L oI the
system is 9 Knowing that = where the angular
momentum oI the system about its mass center G and is the angular
momentum oI the system about determine (a) the velocities oI the
particles, (b) the angular momentum oI the system about
Angular momenta.
Lis parallel to
SOLUTION
= 0.6 The masses are = = =
32.2
Position vectors (It): = 3k, = 2i + 2j + 3k, = + 4j
Coordinates oI mass center Gexpressed in
+ +
r =
+ +
+ + 2j + 3k) + + 4j)
1.8
Position vectors relative to the mass center expressed in It.
= - = (3k) - (i + 2j + 2k) = - 2j + k
= = (2i + 2j + 3k) - (i + 2j + 2k) = i + k
= - = (i + 4j) - (i + 2j + 2k) = 2j - 2k
+ +
= x + x + x
Subtracting,
- = - x + - x + - x
= r x +r x +r x
= r x + + = x L
L L (9)'
=
A =
- - -
=
--
+
i k
k
0
PROBLEM14.13
A system consists oI three particles A, B, and We know that
= 3 kg, = 2 kg, and = 4 kg and that the velocities oI the
particles expressed in are, respectively, = 4i + 2j + 2k,
= 4i + and = -2i + 4j + 2k. Determine the angular
momentum oI the systemabout
SOLUTION
Linear momentumoI each particle expressed in
= 12i + 6j + 6k
= 8i + 6j
= -8i +16j + 8k
Position vectors, (meters):
Angular momentumabout 0 , (kg
+ +
=
= (18i - 36k) + (-18i + 24j -12k) + +
= Oi - +
= j + (9.60 k
j k
0 3 0
12 6 6
+
j k
1.2 2.4 3
8 6 0
+
j k
3.6 0 0
- 8 1 6 8
PROBLEM14.14
For the system oI particles oI Prob. 14.13, determine (a) the position
vector oI the mass center G oI the system, (b) the linear momentum
oI the system, (c) the angular momentum oI the system about G.
Also veriIy that he answers to this problem and to problem14.13 satisIy
the equation given in Prob. 14.28.
SOLUTION
Position vectors, (meters): = 3j,
= + + 3k, =
(a) Mass center: + + = + +
= (3)(3j) + + +3k) +(4)(3.63)
r = 1.866673 +1.533333 +
r = (1.867 m)i +(1.533 m) j + (0.667 m)k
Linear momentum oI each particle,
= 12i + + 6k
= 8i + 6j
= +16j + 8k
(b) Linear momentum oI the system,
= + + = 12i + 28j +14k
= (12.00 + (28.0 j + (14.00
Position vectors relative to the mass center, (meters).
-1.866673 +1.46667j -
= - = + +
= - 1.733333 -
PROBLEM 14.14 CONTINUED
(e) Angular G,
Angular

PROBLEM14.15
A 500-kg space vehicle traveling with a velocity = (450
passes through the origin at = Explosive charges then separate the
vehicle into three parts A, B, and C oI 300-kg, 150-kg, and 50-kg,
respectively. Knowing that at = 4 s, the positions oI parts A and Bare
observed to be A (1200 m, -350 m, -600 m) and B (2500 m, 450 m,
900 m), determine the corresponding position oI part C. Neglect the
eIIect oI gravity.
SOLUTION
There are no external Iorces. The mass center moves as iI the explosion had not occurred.
r = = = (1800
+ + = + +
1
= + + - -
1
= - - -
50
+ +
= + +
= + +
PROBLEM14.16
I
A 20-kg projectile is passing through the origin with a velocity
= (60 m when it explodes into two A oI 8~kg
12-kg, respectively. Knowing that 2 s later the position oI Iragment A
is (120 m, -10 m, -20 m), determinethe position oI at the
same instant. Assume = =-9.81 m/s
2
neglect air resistance.
SOLUTION
mass center moves as iI the projectile not exploded.
(m, + = +
PROBLEM14.17
Asmall 3000-Ibairplane and a 6000-Ibhelicopter Ilying at an altitude oI
3600 A are observed to collide directly above a tower located at in a
wooded area. Four minutes earlier the helicopter had beensighted 5.5 mi
due west oI the tower and the airplane 10 mi west and 7.5 mi north oI the
tower. As a result oI the collision the helicopter was split into two pieces,
. and weighing 2000 and 4000 Ib, respectively; the airplane
,
remained in one piece as it Iell to the ground. Knowing that the two
Iragments oI the helicopter were located at points H, (1500 A, -300 A)
and (1800 -1500 It), respectively, and assuming that all pieces
hit the ground at the same time, determine the coordinates oI the point A
where the wreckage oI the airplane will be Iound.
SOLUTION
Choose x axis pointing east, y axis north, and axis vertical.
Velocities beIore collision:
5.5 mi 5280
.
mi 5280 Wmi
Airplane: = 220
60
7.5 mi 5280
Mass center: = i +
"A + "A +
3000
= i + -
9000 9000
= 54 - (55
No external Iorces act during impact. Assume that only gravity acts aIter the impact. Motion oI mass center
aIter impact:
k = 154t - j + (3600 - 16.1r
2
)k
Time oI Iall.
3600
= 14.953
16.1
= - = -
= -
- - - -
= -
- -
PROBLEM14.18
In Problem 14.17, knowing that the wreckage oI the small airplane was
Iound at A(3600 ft, 240 A) and the 2000-lb Iragment oI the helicopter at
point (1200 -600 ), and assuming that all pieces hit the ground
at the same time, the coordinates oI the point where the
other Iragment oI the helicopter will be Iound.
Choose x axis pointing east, y axis north, and axis vertical.
Velocities beIore collision:
5.5 mi 5280
mi
5280
Airplane:
7.5 mi 5280
= -165
Mass center: =
+
+ -
9000
= (154 - (55 f
Noexternal Iorces act duringimpact. Assume that only gravity acts aIter the impact. Motion oI mass center
aIter impact:
k = - + (3600-
TimeoI Iall.
3600
t
16.1
= - = (2302.8 - (822.42 f
1
1
= -
4000
- -
PROBLEM14.19
Car A was at rest 9.28 m south oI the point when it was struck in the
rear by car B, which was traveling north at a speed Car C, which was
traveling west at a speed was 40 m east oI point at the time oI the
collision. Cars A and B stuck together and, because the pavement was
covered with ice, they slid into the intersection and were struck by car C
which had not changed its speed. Measurements based on a photograph
taken Iroma helicopter shortly the second collision indicated
that the positions oI the cars, expressed in meters, were = +
= + and = - Knowing that the
masses oI cars A, B, and C are, respectively, 1400 kg, 1800 kg, and
1600 kg, solve the problems indicated.
Knowing that 72 the initial speed oI car Band the
time elapsed between the Iirst collision and the time the photograph was
taken.
SOLUTION
Mass center at time oI Iirst collision.
4800 + + ( 1
= ( 1 3.3333 m) -(7.5067 m)
Mass center at time oI photo.
4800 + +( 1 +
+( 1 - 15.2 f )
= +(7.5125 m) f
Since noexternal horizontal Iorces act, momentumis conserved, and the mass center moves at constant
velocity.
=
- =
Combining( ) and
= +( 1 + r
Components. i. - 128000 = = 4.00 s
f. 72092 = 1800
=
(72092)
= 10.01 v, = 10.01 4
PROBLEM14.20
Car A was at rest 9.28 m south oI the point when it was struck in the
rear by car B, which was traveling north at a speed v,. Car C, which was
traveling west at a speed was 40 meast oI point at the time oI the
collision. Cars A and B stuck together and, because the pavement was
covered with ice, they slid into the intersection and were struck by car C
which had not changed its speed. Measurements based on a photograph
taken a helicopter shortly aIter the second collision indicated
that the positions oI the cars, expressed in meters, were = -10.1i +
= + and = - Knowing that the
masses oI cars A, B, and C are, respectively, 1400 kg, 1800 kg, and
1600 kg, solve the problems indicated.
Knowing that the time elapsed between the Iirst collision and the time the
photograph was taken was 3.4 s, determine the initial speeds oI cars B
and C.
SOLUTION
Mass center at time oI Iirst collision.
4800 = + + (1
= (13.3333 m)i -(7.5067 m) j
Mass center at time oI photo.
4800 = + + (1 +
+ -
= m)i +(7.5125 m) j
Since no external horizontal Iorces act, momentumis conserved and the mass center moves at constant
velocity.
- =
Combining and
+ + + +
+ = + -
-
PROBLEM14.21
In a game oI pool, ball A is traveling with a velocity when it strikes
balls B and Cwhich are at rest and aligned as shown. Knowing that aIter
the collision the three balls move in the directions indicated and that
v, = 4 and = 2.1 determine the magnitude oI the velocity
oIball A, ball B.
A
SOLUTION
Velocity vectors: v, = +
= (sin +
v, = -
= +sin
Conservation oI momentum:
= + +
Divide by = = and substitute data.
+ = v, + + -
+ + sin
Resolve into components and rearrange.
(sin v, +(sin49.3') = 30 - 2.1cos
(cos - = - 2. I sin
Solving simultaneously,
= 2.01
= 2.27
PROBLEM14.22
In a game oI pool, ball A is traveling with a velocity v, when it strikes
balls B and Cwhich are at rest and aligned as shown. Knowing that aIter
the collision the three balls move in the directions indicated and that
v, = 4 and = 2.1 determine the magnitude oI the velocity
oI ball ball B.
SOLUTION
Velocity vectors: v, = v, (cos +sin
v, = v,, (sin +
v, = v, -
= + sin
oI momentum:
= + +
Divide by = = and substitutedata.
Resolve intocomponents and rearrange.
+ = -
- = 4sin - 2. sin
Solving simultaneously,
v,, = 2.83
PROBLEM 14.23
6-lb game bird Ilying due east 45 above the ground with a velocity
is hit by a 2-oz arrow with a velocity
j + (240 k, where is directed upward. Determine
the position oI the point P where the bird will hit the ground, relative to
the point located directly under the point oI impact.
SOLUTION
Weight oI arrow: = 2 oz = 0.125 lb.
Weight oI bird: = 6
Conservation oI momentum: Let be velocity immediately aIter impact.
+

+ +
=
+ + 6.125
= 29.3881 + +
Vertical motion:
Yo +
1
= 45 + --(32.2)t
2
or t
2
- - 2.7950 =
2
Solving Ior t, t = 1.7898 s
Horizontal motion:
= = 52.6
y = = 8.77 It
= (52.6 + (8.77 j
PROBLEM14.24
Two spheres, each oI mass m, can slide Ireely on a Irictionless, horizontal
surIace. Sphere A is moving at a speed = 16 when it strikes sphere
B which is at rest and the impact causes sphere B to break into two
pieces, each oI mass Knowing that 0.7 s aIter the collision one piece
reaches point and 0.9 s aIter the collision the other piece reaches point
D, determine (a)the oI sphere A aIter the collision, (b) the angle
and the speeds oI the two pieces aIter the collision.
SOLUTION
Velocities oI pieces and D aIter impact and Iracture.
6.3
- 9 = Ws
0.7
6.3
0.9 Y
Assume that during the impact the impulse between spheres A and B is directed along the axis. Then, the
y component oI momentum oI sphere A is conserved.
=
Conservation oI momentumoI system:
+ = + +
m m
+ = + +
2 2
= -4
m
=
2 2
9
= = e =
7
= =
=10.39
8.72
PROBLEM14.25
An 18-lb shell moving with a velocity = (60 - (45 -
(1800 explodes at point D into three Iragments A, B, and C
weighing, respectively, 8 Ib, 6 Ib, and 4 Ib. Knowing that the Iragments
hit the vertical wall at the points indicated, determine the speed oI each
Iragment immediately aIter the explosion.
.
SOLUTION
Position vectors (It): =18k
= = -18k =19.5
=18i +9j . + 9j -18k
= 27
= = -18k = 22.5
Unit vectors: Along = -18k)
19.5
1
Along
= + 9j -18k)
27
1
22.5
Assume that elevation changes due to gravity may be neglected. Then, the velocity vectors aIter the explosition
have the directionsoI the unit vectors.
Conservation oI momentum: = + +
18
- 45j - = (181+ - -
g 19.5 g 22.5
Multiply by gand resolve into components.
1080 = +
-810 =
27 - 22.5
-32400 19.5 - 27 -
22.5
119.944 2340
19.5
= 76.635 = 2070 4
27
= 95.160 = 2140
22.5
PROBLEM14.26
An 18-lb shell moving with a velocity = (60 -(45 -
(1800 explodes at point D into three Iragments A, B, and C
weighing, respectively, 6 4 and 8 lb. Knowing that the Iragments
hit the vertical wall at the points indicated, determine the speed oI each
.
Iragment immediately aIter the explosion.
SOLUTION
Position vectors (It): = 18k
= = - 18k = 19.5
r, = 18i +9j = 18i +9j -18k
= 27
= = - 18k = 22.5
Unit vectors:
1
Along A, = -
19.5
1
Along
= +9j -18k)
27
Along A, = -18k)
22.5
Assume that elevation changes due to gravity may be neglected. Then, the velocity vectors the explosition
have the directions oI the unit vectors.
ConservationoI momentum: = + +
18
- 45j - = - + + - + -
19.5
( -
g 22.5
Multiply by and resolve intocomponents.
1080 = 19.5 +
-810 = -
Solving, =161.311 = 3150
19.5
v
= 115.820 = 3130
27
v
= 46.106 = 1037 4
22.5
PROBLEM14.27
In a scattering experiment, an alpha particle A is projected with the
velocity = +(750 j - (800 into a streamoI
oxygen nuclei with a common velocity = (600 j. AIter colliding
successively with nuclei B and particle A is observed to move along
the path deIined by the points A, (280,240,120) and
while nuclei B and are observed to move along paths deIined,
respectively, by (147,220,130) and (1 and by
and All paths are along straight
lines and all coordinates are expressed in millimeters. Knowing that the
mass oI an oxygen nucleus is Iour times that oI an alpha particle,
determine the speed oI each oI the three particles aIter the collisions.
SOLUTION
Position vectors (mm): = + + 40k = 120
= -33i + 70j - = 78.032
= 48j -15k = 50.289
Unit vectors:
Along
= 0.666673 + +
Along = -0.422903 + -
Along
= -
Velocity vectors aIter the collisions:
mu, + + = + +
Divide by mand substitute data.
(-600i + 750j - + + = + +
Resolving into components,
i: - 600 = -
j: 5550 = + +
k: -800 = - -
Solving the three equations simultaneously,
919
717
=
PROBLEM14.28
Derive the relation
=
between the angular momenta and deIined in Eqs (14.7) and
respectively. The vectors and deIine, respectively, the
position and velocity oI the mass center G oI the system oI particles
relative to the oI reIerence and represents the
total mass oI the system.
SOLUTION
From Eq.
=
= +
= +

I
PROBLEM14.29
Consider the Irame oI reIerence Ax'y'z' in translation with respect to the
newtonian Irame oI reIerence Oxyz. We deIine the angular momentum
oI a system oI n particles about A as the sum
= x
oI the moments about A oI the momenta oI the particles in their

motion relative to the Irame Ax'y'z'. Denoting by the sum
= x
il
oI the moments about oI the momenta oI the particles in their
motion relative to the newtonian Irame Oxyz, show that = at a
given instant iI, and only iI, one oI the Iollowing conditions is satisIied at
that instant: A has zero velocity with respect to the Irame Oxyz,
(b)A coincides with the mass center G oI the system, (c)the velocity
relativeto Oxyz is directed along the line AG.
SOLUTION
=
il
= x +
il
n
= x + x
il il
= x +
il
=
= - +
= m(r - =
This condition is satisIied iI,
( a ) =
Point A has zero velocity.
or (b) = Point coincides with the mass center.
or (c) is parallel to - Velocity is directed along
I
PROBLEM14.30
Show that the relation = where is deIined by Eq. (1) oI
Prob. 14.29 and where represents the sum oI the moments about
oI the external Iorces acting on the system oI particles, is valid iI, and
only iI, one oI the Iollowing conditions is satisIied: (a) the Irame
is itselI a newtonian Irame oI reIerence, coincides with the mass
center G, the acceleration oI relative to is directed along
the line
SOLUTION
Fromequation
DiIIerentiate with respect to time.
Hence, = + -

=
iI, and only iI, - =
This condition is satisIied iI
(a) =
The Irame is newtonian.
or = Point coincides with the mass center.
or is parallel to - Acceleration is directed along line
PROBLEM14.31
In 14.1, the total work done by the engines oI cars A and
Bwhile the cars are accelerating to reach constant speeds.
SOLUTION
The masses are = 1800 kg, m, = 1700kg, and = 20 x kg.
Let and be the sought velocities in positive to the right.
values:
Initial momentum system:
+ +
conserved.
= + +
1 + + 20 x = 0
The relative velocities are given as
= - v, = -2.35
-1.1 17
Solving and (3)simultaneously,
= -2.085 = -0.91 0 = 0.265
7
Initial kinetic energy:
Final kinetic energy: + +
2
A A
2 2
I I
+ + x 1
2 2 2
= 5320 J
Work done by engines:
PROBLEM14.32
. .
In Prob. 14.5,determine the energy lost as the bullet (a) passes through
. ,
block becomes embedded in block
SOLUTION
The masses are Ior the bullet and and Ior the blocks.
The bullet passes through block A and embeds in block B. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum: + + =
Final momentum: + +
Equating, = + +
The bullet passes through block A. Momentumis conserved.
Initial momentum: + =
Final momentum:
Equating,
+
= +
--- -
BeIore:
1
= = = 5429J
2 2
AIter:
Lost: - = 5429-1875 = 3554J energy lost = 3550J
- -
BeIore: = = = 1861.7J
2 2
AIter:
Lost: energy lost = 830J
PROBLEM14.33
Assuming that the airline employee oI Prob. 14.3 Iirst tosses the 30-lb
suitcase on the baggage carrier, the energy lost (a) as the Iirst
suitcase hits the carrier, as the second suitcase hits the carrier.
SOLUTION
The weightsare 30 Ib, = 40 Ib, and = 50 lb.
Initial velocities: and
There are no horizontal external Iorces acting during the impacts, and the baggage carrier is to coast
between the impacts.
Let be the common velocityoI suitcase A and the carrier aIter the Iirst impact and be the common
velocity oI the two suitcases and the the second impact.
Initial momenta: and 0.
SuitcaseA impactscarrier. Conservation oI momentum.
+0 = + = 3.375
Kineticenergies:
BeIore: = --(v (9) = 37.733
1
AIter: = - v = 14.150
I
2 32.2
(a) Lost: - = 23.583 energy lost = 23.6
Suitcase B impactson suitcase A andcarrier. Conservation oI momentum.
+
+ +
=
=
= 4.25
+ + 120
Kineticenergies:
1 +
1
BeIore:
=
+ 14.150 +--(6) =
8 2 32.2
1
AIter: - (4.25) = 33.657
2 32.2
(b) Lost: - = 2.853 energy lost = 2.85
PROBLEM14.34
Determine the energy lost as a result oI the series oI collisions described
in Prob. 14.7, knowing that each car weighs 3000 lb.
SOLUTION
There are no horizontal Iorces acting. Horizontal momentumis conserved.
= 93.168
32.2
Event 1-2. Car A hits car B.
0
m(5.76) + = + m(5.04) = 0.720

1 1 1
Energy lost = - - = 338.08
2 2 2
Event 2-3. Car Bhits car
m(5.04) + = m(0.630) + = 4.41
1 1 1
Energy lost = - -
2 2 2
258.85
Event 3-4. Car A hits car Bagain.
m )
-.-
m(0.720) + m(0.630) = + m(0.709) = 0.641
1 1 1 1
Energylost = + - -
2 2 2 2
0.08
Total energy lost. 338.08 + 258.85 + 0.08 = 597.01 597
PROBLEM14.35
Two automobiles A and B, oI mass and respectively, are
traveling in opposite directions when they collide head on. The impact is
assumed perIectly plastic, and it is assumed that the energy
absorbed by each automobile is equal to its loss oI kinetic energy with
respect to a moving oI reIerence attached to the mass center oI the
two-vehicle system. Denoting by and respectively, the energy
absorbed by automobile A and by automobile B, (a) show that
= ,that is, the amount oI energy absorbed by each vehicle
is inversely proportional to its mass, (b)compute and knowing
that = 2400 kg and = 1350 kg and that the speeds oI A and B
are, respectively, 135 and 90
SOLUTION
Jelocity of mass center.
+ = +
v =
+
Jelocities relative to the mass center.
+ +
+ +
+ +
-
+ +
Energies.
1
. A
1
B B
+
Ratio
= = = =
+ = 62.5
= 607.5 x J
( 2 )
(2400) ( 1350)
1.08 x J
PROBLEM14.36
,
It is assumed that each oI the two automobiles involved in the collision
described in Prob. 14.35 had been designed to saIely withstand a test in
which it crashed into a solid, immovable wall at the speed The
severity oI the collision oI Prob. 14.35 may then be measured Ior each
vehicle by the ratio oI the energy absorbed in the collision to the energy it
absorbed in the test. basis, show that the collision described in
Prob. 14.35 is times more severe Ior automobile B than Ior
automobile A.
SOLUTION
Jelocity of mass center: + = +
v =
+
Jelocities relative to the mass center.
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
Energies.
1
E - . =
+ . +
+ 2
1
E =
+ +
+
Energies Iromtests:
+
+
+
2
Ratio:
PROBLEM
-- -
- -
SOLUTION
- - =
- -
x - + = + = +
+
-
= =
2
+
+

=
+ +
PROBLEM14.38
In a game oI pool, ball A is moving with a velocity = when it
strikes balls Band C, which are at rest side by side. Assuming Frictionless
surIaces and perIectly elastic impact (that is, conservation oI energy),
I
determine the Iinal velocity oI each ball, assuming that the path oI A is
( a) perIectly centered and that A strikes B and Csimultaneously, (b) not
perIectly centered and that A strikes slightly beIore it strikes C.
SOLUTION
(a) A strikes B and simultaneously.
During the impact, the contact impulsesmake 30" angleswith the velocity
Thus, v, = v, (cos + sin
= (COS -sin
Conservation oI momentum: =
y component: = + mv, sin - sin30"
= v,
x component: mv, = mv, + cos + cos30"
- 2
ConservationoI energy: = + +
2 2 2 2
1 2
3
7
2 1 5
3 3 = =
=
=-
5
= 4
=
= 30"
-- --
First impact; A strikes B.
During the impact, the contact impulse makes a 30" angle with the velocity
Thus, = +
Conservation oI momentum. = +
y component: = +
Y
xcomponent: = + = -
Conservation oI energy:
1 1 1
= -m - cos +- sin +-
2 2 2
Second impact: A strikes C.
During the impact, the contact impulse makes a 30" angle with the velocity
Thus, = sin
Conservation oI momentum: = +
component: = +
1
4
y component: = -
= =
Y 4
1 2 1 2 1 2 1
+ = + +
2 2 2
3 2
+ - + +
16 2
2
=
4
1
4 8
= -v
0
sin3O
0
=
Y 4
4 8
=
=
=
PROBLEM14.39
Two hemispheres held together by a cord which maintains a spring
under compression (the spring is not attached to the hemispheres). The
potential energy oI the compressed spring is 90 and the assembly
has an initial velocity oI magnitude = 24 Knowing that the
cord is severed when = causing the hemispheres to fly apart,
determine the resultingvelocity oI each hemisphere.
SOLUTION
Use a Irame oI reIerence moving with the mass center.
= +
ConservationoI energy:
1 1 2
v = +
2 2
+
Data:
5
0.09317 - 0.15528 = =
32.2 32.2
J 90
= 34.75 = 34.75
0.093
=
(34.75) = 20.85 = 20.85
0.15528
Velocities oI A and B:
v , = [24 + v , = 12.00
= [24 + = 56.8
PROBLEM14.40
Solve Prob. 14.39, knowing that the cord is severed when = 120".
SOLUTION
Use a Irame oI reIerence moving with the mass center.
ConservationoI momentum:
= +
1 1
= +
5
Data: =
3
= 0.15528 = = 0.09317
32.2 32.2
V 90
= = 34.75 = 34.75 L6 0
0.093
= = 20.85 = 20.85
0.15528
Velocities and B.
=|24 + = 38.9 4
v, = |24 + v, = 30.8
PROBLEM14.41
In a game oI pool. ball A is moving with a velocity oI magnitude
= 5 when it strikes balls B and which are at rest and aligned as
shown. Knowing that the collision the three balls move in the
directions indicated and assuming Irictionless surIaces and perIectly
elastic impact (that is, conservation oI energy), determine the magnitudes
oI the velocities v,, and
SOLUTION
Velocity vectors:
=
v, = - j)
v, = + sin j)
Divide by mand resolve intocomponents.
i: v,, = sin +
j: sin30" = - v, + sin
SolvingIor and
1
2 2
ConservationoI energy: = + +-
2 2 2 2
Divide by and substitute Ior and
7
= + - +
4
= + -
1
= = 2.5 v, = 2.50
2
=-(5 - 2.5) = 2.1651 2.17
2
=-(5 +2.5) = 3.75 = 3.75
2
PROBLEM14.42
In a game oI pool, ball A is moving with a velocity oI magnitude
= 5 when it strikes balls Band which are at rest and aligned as
shown. Knowing that the collision the three balls move in the
directions indicated and assuming Irictionless surIaces and perIectly
elastic impact (that is, conservation oI energy), determine the magnitudes
oI the velocities v,, and
SOLUTION
Velocityvectors: = + = 5
=
= (sin i - cos j )
= (cos i + sin j )
Divide by m and resolve intocomponents.
cos = sin60" + cos60"
j: sin = - 60" + sin60"
Solving Ior and
ConservationoI energy: + +
2 2 2
Divide by m and substitute Ior and
= + + + -
= 0.7071 = 3.54 = 3.54
3.06 3.06
= =1.768 =1.768
PROBLEM 14.43
Three spheres, each oI mass m, can slide on a Irictionless,
horizontal surIace. Spheres A and B are attached to an inextensible,
inelastic cord oI length and are at rest in the position shown when
sphere B is struck squarely by sphere which is moving with a velocity
Knowing that the cord is taut when sphere B is struck by sphere
and assuming perIectly elastic impact between B and and thus
conservation oI energy Ior the entire system, determine the velocity oI
each sphere immediately aIter impact.
SOLUTION
1

Velocity vectors =
= -
= (-sin i - cos
ConservationoI momentum: = + + = + +
Divide by m and resolve into components.
i: o = -
-j: =
Solving Ior and
1
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
- = + +-
2 2 2 2
Divide by m and substitute Ior and
I
PROBLEM14.44
Three spheres. each oI mass m, can slide Ireely on a Irictionless,
horizontal surIace. Spheres A and B are attached to an inextensible,
inelastic cord oI length I and are at rest in the position shown when
sphere is struck squarely by sphere C which is moving with a velocity
v,. Knowing that the cord is slack when sphere B is struck by sphere C
and assuming perIectly elastic impact between Band determine (a)the
velocity oI each sphere immediately the cord becomes taut, (b) the
Iraction oI the initial kinetic energy oI the system which is dissipated
when the cord becomes taut.
SOLUTION
1
= = =

--
= + or = v, -
= +
2 2 2
= (v, - +
= 0
= v,
Cord becomes taut.
Velocity vectors:
e
e
Conservation oI momentum: = + +
Divide by m and resolve into components.
1 1

=
= + +

2
-
- =
PROBLEM14.45
In the scattering experiment oI Prob. 14.27, it is known that the alpha
particle is projected Irom A, and that it collides with the
oxygen nucleus C at ~(240 , 200, where all coordinates are
expressed in millimeters. Determine the coordinates oI point where
the original path oI nucleus B intersects the plane. (Hint: Express that
the angular momentum oI the three particles about Q is conserved.)
Prob. 14.27: In a scattering experiment, an alpha particle A is projected
with the velocity = + (750 j - (800 d s )k into a
stream oI oxygen nuclei with a common velocity = (600 d s ) j.
AIter colliding successively with nuclei B and C, particleA is observed to
move along the path deIined by the points A, (280,240,120) and
A, while nuclei B and C are observed to move along
paths deIined, respectively, by (147,220,130) and (1
and by and All paths are along
straight lines and all coordinates are expressed in millimeters. Knowing
that the mass oI an oxygen nucleus is Iour times that oI an alpha particle,
determine the speed oI each oI the three particles the collisions.
SOLUTION
ConservationoI angular momentumabout Q:
x mv,) + x +
(mu,) + + = (
x o
where - = + - + 200j +
= (60 - (200 + (200
= + + k
- = + +130 k) - + 200j +
-(93 + j +
= + (750 j - (800 k = (600
and Irom the solution to Problem 14.27,
= = + 0.897073 -
+(643.18 - (91.88
Calculating each term and dividing by m,
= - -
x
i j k
60 -200 200
-600 750 -800
x = + +
= +
-
Coordinates:
PROBLEM14.46
A 240-kg space vehicle traveling with a velocity = (300
passes through the origin Explosive charges then separate the vehicle
into three parts A, B, and C, with masses oI 40 kg, 80 kg, and 120 kg,
respectively. Knowing that shortly thereaIter the positions oI the three
parts are B and -
where the coordinates are expressed in meters, that the velocity oI B is
= (100 + (220 j + (440 and that the component
oI the velocity oI C is -80 determine the velocity oI part A.
SOLUTION
Position vectors (meters) = 48i + 48j + 432k
= 120i + + 648k
= -96i -192j + 384k
Since there are no external Iorces, linear momentumis conserved.
+ + + +
+ +
0
v
= - + + - + + k|
= j - k + 40i - + 920k
= 40, = - 440,
= +920
Conservation oI angular momentumabout
Since the vehicle passes through the origin,
= 0.
+
Divide by
x x x = x + x x
= x - - + x + x
= - 720j - x + + + x
+ + x =
PROBLEM CONTINUED
-720
= (40.0 + (40.0 d s ) j+ 4
+
- -
PROBLEM14.47
Four small disks A, B, C, and D can slide on a Irictionless
horizontal surIace. Disks B, C, and D are connectedby light rods and are
at rest in the position shown when disk B is struck squarely by disk A
which is moving to the right with a velocity = (38.5 The
weights oI the disks are = = = 15 lb, and = 30 lb.
Knowing that the velocities oI the disks immediately aIter the impact are
= = (8.25 = and = determine (a) the
speeds and (b) the Iraction oI the initial kinetic energy oI the
system which is dissipated during the collision.
SOLUTION
There are no external Iorces. Momentumis conserved.
(a) Moments about D : = + +
= - = - (8.25) = 11 =
Moments about
- = 5.5 5.50
(b) Initial energy:
- (38.5) = 34524
-
2 32.2
Final energy:
g
1 30 2 1 15 2 1 30
(8.25) + 1.00) + = 73.75
2 32.2 2 32.2 2 32.2
Energy lost: 345.24 -73.75 = 271.49
27 1.49
FractionoI energy lost = = 0.786
345.24
PROBLEM14.48
Four small disks B, and D can slide Ireely on a Irictionless
horizontal surIace. Disks B, and Dare connected by light rods and are
at rest in the position shown when disk B is struck squarely by disk
which is moving to the right with a velocity = (38.5 The
weights oI the disks are = = = 15 lb, and = 30 lb.
Knowing that the velocities oI the disks immediately aIter the impact are
= v, = (10.5 = i, and = i, determine (a)the
speeds and (b) the Iraction oI the initial energy oI the
system which is dissipated during the collision.
SOLUTION
There are no external Iorces. Momentumis conserved.
Moments about D : = +
= - = - = 14
Moments about
7
Initial energy:
15
= 345.24
2 32.2
Final kinetic energy:
+ +
1 15 2 1 1 5 2 1 3 0 2
(10.5) + + 94.16
2 32.2 2 32.2 2 32.2
Energy lost: 345.24 -94.16 251.08 It
251.08
FractionoI energy lost = = 0.727
345.24
PROBLEM14.49
Two small spheres A and B, with masses oI 2.5 kg and 1 kg, respectively,
are connected by a rigid rod oI negligible mass. The two spheres are
resting on a horizontal, Irictionless surIace when A is suddenly given the
velocity = (3.5 Determine ( a) the linear momentum oI the
system and its angular momentum about its mass center G, (b) the
velocities oI A and B aIter the rod ABhas rotated through
SOLUTION
Locate the mass center.
Let be the distance between A and B.
=
2
+ 7
5
(a) Linear momentum.
L = = = 8.75 = 8.75
Angular momentumabout G:
2 2
0.525
7 7
= 0.525
(b) There are no resultant external Iorces acting on the system;
thereIore, L and are conserved.
+ L + 8.75
5 2
7 7
- = 0.525
Solving( 1 ) and (2)simultaneously, = 1.5 =
= 1.500
= 5.00
PROBLEM14.50
Solve Prob. 14.49, assuming that it is B which is suddenly given the

velocity = (3.5
14.49: Two small spheres and B, with masses oI 2.5 kg and 1
kg, respectively, are connected by a rigid rod oI negligible mass. The two
spheres are resting on a horizontal, surIace when is
suddenly given the velocity = (3.5 Determine (a) the linear
momentum oI the system and its angular momentum about its mass
center G, the velocities oI and aIter the rod has rotated
through 1
SOLUTION
Let 1 be the distance between andB.
= +
=
2
+ 7
5
I - - I
Linear momentum.
3.5 3.50
momentumabout G:
8
0.525
7 7
= 0.525
There are no resultant external Iorces acting on the system; thereIore,
L and are conserved.
+ +1 3.5
2 5
0.525
7
- = 0.525
Solving(1)and (2)simultaneously, = 2 = -1.5
v, = 2.00
= 1.500
PROBLEM14.51
A
Three small spheresA, B, and C, eachoI mass m, are connected toa small
ring D oI negligible mass by means oI three inextensible, inelastic cords
oI length which are equally spaced. The spheres can slide Ireely on a
Irictionless horizontal surIace and are rotating initially at a speed
about ring D which is at rest. Suddenly the cord CD breaks. AIter the
other two cords have again become taut, determine (a)the speed oI ring
D, (b) the relative speed at which spheres A and rotate about D, the
Iraction oI the original energy oI spheres A and B which is dissipated
when cords ADand BDagain became taut.
SOLUTION
Let the system consist oI spheres A andB.
State Instant cord DCbreaks.
, . 1
= + =
2m 2
Mass center lies at point Gas shown.
= + 2
=
2
2
= =
2 2
State 2. The cord is taut. ConservationoI linear momentum:
1
=
Let = v + and v +
= + + =
=
PROBLEM CONTINUED
ConservationofanguIar
=

= + +
2 2 2
1 9
2 16
(c) of
T - T , 3
1 16
T
= 0.1875
PROBLEM14.52
A
Three small spheres A, B, and each oI mass m, are connected to a small
ring oI mass 2m by means oI three inextensible, inelastic cords oI
length 1 which are equally spaced. The spheres can slide Ireely on a
Irictionless horizontal surIace and are rotating initially at a speed
about ring which is at rest. The cord breaks at time t = when the
spheres and ring are in the position shown. Considering the system which
consists oI ring and spheres and B, determine Ior t (a) the
position vector the mass center G oI the system, (b) the angular
momentum oI the system about G, (c) the angular momentum
oI the systemabout the origin the kinetic energy ToI the system.
SOLUTION
The system is spheres A and Band the ring
Initial velocities: = -
= -
= 0
= +
= ml + j) + ml - j)
1
= --li
4
Velocity oI mass center.
8
4mV = +
= (-cos i - j) + (cos i - j)
1
(a) Motion oI mass center
X + X
x -
= + =
T = + = T
2 2
PROBLEM14.53
In a game oI billiards, ball A is given an initial velocity al ong t he
longitudinal axis oI the table. It hits ball B and then ball C, which are
both at rest. Balls A and are observed to hit the sides oI the table
squarely at A' and ,respectively, and ball B is observed to hit the side
obliquely at B' . Knowing that = 4 = 1.92 and
a = 1.65 m, determine (a) the velocities and oI balls B and C,
(h) the point C where ball C hits the side oI the table. Assume
Irictionless surIaces and perIectly elastic impacts (that is, conservation oI
energy).
SOLUTION
Velocities in Lengths in meters. Assume masses are 1.0 Ior each ball.
BeIore impacts:
= =
= = 0
AIter impacts:
Conservation oI li near momentum: + +
i. 4 = 0 + +
= -
I '
Conservation = + +
2 2 2 2
= -(1.92) -(4-
2 2 2 2 2
- + 3.6864 = 0
= = 2 0.56 = 2.56 or 1.44
2
Conservation momentumabout :
= (1.8 - +
- (1.8 - 2.712
2.712
II = 1.44, c = 1.8833 oII the table. Reject
I f = 2.56, c = 1.059
Then, = 4 - 2.56 = 1.44, = +
PROBLEM14.54
For the v, game = 3.2 oI billiards and c oI = 1.22 Prob.m. 14.53, Determine it is now ( a)the assumed velocities that v , =and 5
oI balls A and B, ( b)the point A where ball A hits the side oI the
- table.
m
Prob. 14.53: In a game oI billiards, ball A is given an initial velocity v,
along the longitudinal axis oI the table. It hits ball B and then ball
which are both at rest. Balls A and C are observed to hit the sides oI the
table squarely at A' and C', respectively, and ball B is observed to hit
the side obliquely at B' . Knowing that = 4 v, = 1.92 and
a = 1.65 m, determine ( a) the velocities and
(h) the point where ball C hits the side
FrictionlesssurIaces and perIectly elastic impacts
energy).
SOLUTION
Velocitiesin Lengths in meters. Assume masses are I Ior each ball.
BeIore impacts:
= =
= =
AIter impacts: = + =
Conservation momentum. + +
f .
o = + + o
1 7 1 7 1 ,
Conservation = + +
2 2 2 2
1
= + + +
2 2
1 1.52 2.4 2.40

= 2.4
= + =
Conservation momentumabout
= (1.8 - +
+ -
= + - = 4.474
4.474 4.474
a
2.4
PROBLEM14.55
Three small identical spheres B, and C, which can slide on a
horizontal, Irictionless surIace, are attached to three strings oI length I
which are tied to a ring G. Initially the spheres rotate about the ring
which moves along the axis with a velocity . Suddenly the ring
breaks and the three spheres move Ireely in the plane. Knowing that
= (8.66 = (15 a = 0.866 and a =0.5 determine
(a) the initial velocity oI the ring, ( b) the length I oI the strings, (c) the
rate in at which the spheres were rotating about G.
SOLUTION
Use a Irame oI reIerence that is translating with the mass center G oI the system. Let be its velocity.
=
The initial velocities in this system are and , each having a magnitude oI Iw. They are
directed apart. Thus,
+ + =
(a) Conservation oI linear momentum:
+ + = - + - + -
0 = - + - + -
Resolve into components.
Conservation oI angular momentumabout G:
= = - + - + -
= - + - + +
= x + f ) x = +
1
= + = 5.00
3
1 3 2 2
= =
2

- - - -
=

= + +

=

PROBLEM14.56
,
Three small identical spheres A, and which can slide on a
horizontal, Frictionless surIace, are attached to three strings, 0.25 long,
I
which are tied to a ring G. Initially the spheres rotate counterclockwise
about the ring with a relative velocity oI 2.5 and the ring moves along
the x axis with a velocity v, =( 1.25 Suddenly the ring breaks and
the three spheres move Freely in the plane with A and B Iollowing
-.-
paths parallel to t hey axis at a distance a = 0.433 From each other an
a path parallel to the x axis. Determine (a) the velocity oI each sphere,
(h) the distance d.
SOLUTION
Use a Frame oI reIerence that is translating with the mass center GoI the system. Let v, be its velocity.
=
The initial velocities in this system are and each having a magnitude oI l o. They are
directed apart. Thus,
+ =
Conservation oI linear momentum:
+ = - + - + -
0 = - + - + -
- = 0 v,. = = = 3.75
f . - = 0
v, =
Initial kinetic energy: = +
Final kinetic energy: = + + = mv, +
2 2 2
Conservation oI energy: = Solve Ior .
v, = + - = + -
2 2 2 2 2 2
4.6875 2.1651 2.17
v , = 2.17
= 3.75 -4
-
-
+, = = x - + - + -
= - x + x - + +
= x + x = +
- + -
- =
PROBLEM14.57
Two small disks, A and B, oI mass 2.4 kg and 1.2 kg, respectively, can
slide on a horizontal, Irictionless surIace. They are connected by a cord,
900 long, and spin counterclockwise about their mass center G at a
rate oI 8 At t = 0, the coordinates oI G are = = 2.48 m,
and its velocity is = (1.92 +(0.48 Shortly thereaIter the
cord breaks; diskA is then observed to move along a path parallel to they
axis and disk B along a path which intersects the axis at a distance
b = 8 m Determine (a) the velocities oI A and B aIter the cord
breaks, (b) the distancea they axis to the path oI A.
SOLUTION
ConservationoI linear momentum:
+ = +
= 2.4 + + f
Y
6.912 5.76
1.728 1.44
Speeds relative to the mass center:
1 1
= = = 2.4
3 3
2 2
= = = 4.8
3 3
Initial kinetic energy:
1 2
+ + + +
1 1 1
= + 0.48) + + = 27.78624
2 2 2
1 1 2 1 2
Final kinetic energy:
T - + + ( v )
- 2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2
= - + 21.15072
=
6.63552 0, 1.92
= 1.44 - = -2.4 = (5.76 -(2.4 f
= 6.24 22.6"
-
PROBLEM14.58
Two small disks, A and B, oI mass 3 kg and 1.5 kg, respectively, can slide
on a horizontal and surIace. They are connected by a cord oI
negligible mass and spin about their mass center G. At t = Gis moving
with the velocity and its coordinates are = =2.5 m. Shortly
thereaIter, the cord breaks and disk A is observed to move with a velocity
=(2.56 in a straight line and at a distance a = 1.861 mIiomthe
y axis, while B moves with a velocity =(3.6 -(2.24 along
a path intersecting the x axis at a distance b =7.2 m the origin
Determine (a) the initial velocity oI the mass center G oI the two
disks, (b) the length oI the cord initially connecting the two disks, (c) the
rate in at whichthe disks were spinning about G.
SOLUTION
ConservationoI linear momentum:
+ = +
= + -
= (1.2 + (0.96 = 1.537
Let be the distance IiomGtoA and be the distance Iiom GtoB.
m
Let be the spin rate.
1 1 2 1 2
Initial kinetic energy: = + + +
2 2 2
1
2
= 5.3136 +
Final energy:
1
2
1 1
T - + + = 23.3136
2
23.3136 5.3136
ConservationoI angular momentumabout
+ (yo),, + +
= - + + ( 1
= -13.5 + = -13.5 + = -13.5 +181,
=
= + =

PROBLEM14.59
The nozzle shown discharges a stream oI water at a Ilow rate
Q = 1.8 with a velocity v oI magnitude 20 The stream is
split into two streams with equal Ilow rates by a wedge which is kept in a
Iixed position. Determine the components (drag and oI the Iorce
exerted by the stream on the wedge.
SOLUTION
Let F be the Iorce that the wedge exerts on the stream. Assume that the Iluid speed is constant. v = 20
Mass Ilow rate:

-= = (1 000 m
3
/min) = 1800 = 30
Velocity vectors: v = vi, = + j)
= - sin j)
Impulse-momentum principle:
Am Am
+ = +
2 2
At 2
1
+ + - - i
2 2
= (30 - 0.10355 j)
= - (62.1
Force that the stream exerts on the wedge:
= (128.1 +(62.1 N) drag =128.1
= 62.1
PROBLEM14.60
The shown discharges a stream oI water at a Ilow rate
Q= 1.92 m
3
/min with a velocity v oI magnitude 16 The stream is
. split into two streams oI equal Ilow rates by a wedge which is moving to
the leIt at a constant speed oI 4 Determine the components (dragand
oI the Iorce exerted by the streamon the wedge.
SOLUTION
For a Iixed observer, the upstream velocity is v = (16
Mass Ilow rate: = = (1000 .92 = 1920 kglmin = 32
Use a Irame oI reIerencethat is movingwith the wedge to the leIt at 4 In this Irame oI reIerence the
upstream velocity vector is
u = 16i - = (20
For the moving oI reIerence the mass Ilow rate is
dm' udm 20
= 40
16
Velocity vectors: u = ui, = + sin j)
= - sin j)
Let F be the Iorce that the wedge exerts on the stream.
Impulse-momentumprinciple:
1
+sin30j) + - j) - i
2 2
= (40 1343i - 0.10355 j)
= - (82.8 N)
-exerts on
= + = 170.7 N-4
= 82.8 N
PROBLEM14.61
, Water Ilows in a continuous sheet between two plates A and B with
a velocity v oI magnitude 90 The stream is split into two parts by a
smooth horizontal plate C. Knowing that the rates oI Ilow in each oI the
two resulting streams are, respectively, = 26 and
=130 (a) the angle b) the total Iorce exerted
I
by the streamon the horizontal plate. (Note. 1 = 7.48 gal .)
SOLUTION
For steady Ilow QI +
Assume that the Iluid speed is constant.
Velocity vectors: v i - v, = = vi
Let Pj be the Iorce that plate exerts on the Iluid.
Impulse-momentumprinciple:
+
+ =
+
+ --v

+ - -
+ - -
i:
j:
y 62.4
Data: - 1.93789 v = 90
32.2
= 26 = 57.932 =130 = 289.66
=
=
= =
--
=
PROBLEM14.62
Water Ilows in a continuous sheet between two plates A and Bwith
4 a velocity v oI magnitude The stream is split into two parts by a
smooth horizontal plate C. Determine the rates oI Ilow and in
each oI the two resulting streams, knowing that = and that the
total Iorce exerted by the stream on the horizontal plate is a 125-lb
vertical Iorce.
SOLUTION
For steady Ilow
Assume that the velocity is constant.
Velocity vectors: v = - = = vi
Let P j be the Iorce that plate C exerts on the Iluid.
+ - - cos
+ -
-
j: P =
Data:

=
and -- and

= = =

= - = + =
PROBLEM14.63
A hose discharges water at a rate oI 8 with a velocity oI 50
Iromthe bowoI a Iireboat. Determine the thrust developed by the engine
to keep the Iireboat in a stationary position.
SOLUTION
Initial momentum: = 0.
Impulse-momentum principle.
+ =
+ sin
x component:
dm
Engine thrust = =
Data:
7 8
Q = 8 =- =
60
dm
(1000)
= = 5461 N
= 5.46
PROBLEM14.64
Tree limbs and branches are being Ied at A at the rate oI 10 into a
shredder which spews the resulting wood chips at with a velocity oI
60 Ws. Determine the horizontal component oI the Iorce exerted by the
shredder on the truck hitch at D.
SOLUTION
Let F be the Iorce exerted on the chips. Apply the impulse-momentum principle to the chips. Assume that the
Ieed velocity is negligible.
=
= - +sin
= sin
= (16.89 +(7.87 )
= 0: - = 0
= 16.89
Force on truck hitch at D:
= 16.89
PROBLEM14.65
A stream oI water Ilowing at a rate oI 1.2 m
3
/min and moving with a
velocity oI magnitude 30 at both A and B is deIlected by a vane
welded to a hinged plate. Knowing that the combined mass oI the vane
and plate is 20kg with the mass center at point the angle
6, the reactionat
SOLUTION
Mass fIow rate:
Usethe impulse-momentumprinciple.
Moments about
components:
components:
+ =
- - 30) =-110.70 N
+ - =
Am
= = - =-151.06 N
At
PROBLEM14.66
A stream oI water Ilowing at a rate oI 1.2 m
3
/min and moving with a
velocity oI magnitude v at both A and Bis deIlected by a vane welded to
a hinged plate. The combined mass oI the vane and plate is 20 kg with the
mass center at point G. Knowing that = determine (a) the speed
v oI the Ilow, (b) the reaction at
mm
SOLUTION
dm
Mass Ilow rate:
dt
( 1 0 0 0 ) 1 =
Use the impulse-momentum principle.
moments about - =
cos
=
( a (0.110 -
v = 26.0
components: (Am) (b)= cos
- = - = -152.38 N
At
+ components: + - = - sin
Am
= - sin6 = - = -171.68 N
At
= |-152.38 N + |-171.68 N C = 230 N 74 8. 4"
PROBLEM14.67
The nozzle shown discharges water at the rate oI 40 Knowing
that at both A and B the oI water moves with a velocity oI
magnitude 75 and neglecting the weight oI the vane, determine the
componentsoI the reactions at and
SOLUTION
y
62.4 40
Mass Ilow rate:
g 32.2 60
Use impulse momentumprinciple.
momentsabout : sin + cos
23
= + -
12 12 12
=
12
-29.006 -29.0
component: + (Ar) =
= - cos = (1.291 - 75cos
+ + + (Ar) =
= - sin = -
-54.9 4
PROBLEM14.68
The nozzle shown discharges water at the rate oI 800 Knowing
that at both B and C the stream oI water moves with a velocity oI
magnitude 30 and neglecting the weight oI the vane, determine the
Iorce-couplesystem which must be applied at A to hold the vane in place.
SOLUTION
800)
13.333 Us dm = = (1.000 Us) =13.333
60
= (30 j = (30 +cos
Apply the impulse - momentumprinciple.
( A t )
A,
x components: + A, (At) =
Am
A, = = (1 A, = 257N--
+ components:
+ A,,(At) =
Am
A,, = - 30) = - 30)
. At
-93.6 N
moments about A: + (At) A, = 93.6 N
= -
= + (At) -
-3.4484) (1 46. 0 N
At
=
A = 274 N
PROBLEM14.69
Coal is being discharged Iroma Iirst conveyor belt at the rate oI 240
It is received at A by a second belt which discharges it again at B.
Knowing that v, = 9 and =12.25 and that the second belt
assembly and the coal it supports have a total weight oI 944 determine
the componentsoI the reactionsat Cand D.
SOLUTION
Velocity beIore impact at A:
s
7.2 - 3.6
Slope oI belt: = , =
6.75
Velocity oI coal leaving at B: = +
Apply the impulse-momentumprinciple.
.
components:
+ =
- = -
At 32.2
=13.48
moments about
-
+ sin
-
( + - = - .
PROBLEM14.70
A oI water having a cross-sectional area oI 1.5 in
2
and moving
with a velocity oI magnitude 60 at both A and B is deIlected by two
vanes which are welded as shown to a vertical plate. Knowing that the
combined weight oI the plate and vanes is 10 the reactions
at Cand D.
SOLUTION
Am am
Calculation oI - or
mass = density x volume =density x area x length
A
Am
= = --
At
am 62.4 1.5 in
2
6 0 = 1.21118
32.2 144
Apply the principle oI impulse-momentum.
moments about D.
16 4
- + =
12 12
Am
16C = + -
= + (1.21 - = -481.37
C -30.085
x components:
+
Am am
= - = - = (1.211 - 60) 0
At at
= 0 4
+ components: + + - =
D,. = W - C = 10 -(-30.085) 40.085 D 40.1
PROBLEM14.71
The total drag due to air on a jet airplane cruising in level Ilight at
a speed oI is kips. Knowing that the exhaust velocity is
relative to the airplane, determine the rate in at which the
air must pass through the engine.
SOLUTION
Flight speed: = =

or -

where, Ior a oI reIerence moving with the plane, is the stream velocity (equal to the air speed)
and is the relative exhaust velocity.

=

= = =

PROBLEM14.72
While cruising in level Ilight at a speed oI a jet plane scoops in
air at a rate oI and discharges it with a velocity oI
relative to the airplane. Determine the total drag due to air Iriction on the
airplane.
SOLUTION
Flight speed: = =
Mass Ilow rate:
--
=

or

where, Ior a oI reIerence moving with the plane, is the Iree stream velocity (equal to the air speed)
and is the relative exhaust velocity.
- lb
= lb
PROBLEM14.73
The jet engine shown scoops in air at A at a rate oI and discharges
it at B with a velocity oI relative to the airplane. Determine the
I magnitude and line oI action oI the propulsive thrust developed by the
engine when the speed oI the airplane is (a)
SOLUTION
Use a Irame oI reIerence moving with the plane. Apply the impulse-momentum principle. Let be the Iorce
that the plane exerts on the air.
x components: +
moments about B: + =
Let dbe the distance that the line oI action is below B.
dm
Data: - = = m
From( ),
From
= =
= - =
From = - = =
From
PROBLEM14.74
The helicopter shown can produce a maximum downward air speed oI
24 in a 9-mdiameter slipstream. Knowing that the wei t oI the
helicopter and crew is 15 and assuming =1.21 Ior air,
determine the maximum load that the helicopter can while hoveringin
midair.
SOLUTION
The thrust on the Iluid is

-
CalculationoI . mass = density x volume = density x area x length
Am = = (At)
dm
where the area oI the slipstream well below the helicopter and is the corresponding velocity in the
slipstream. Well above the blade, 0.
Hence, F =
= (12 1 (24
= 44.338 x
F
The Iorce on the helicopter is 44.3
Weight oI helicopter: =
Weight oI payload:
statics:
W 29.3
PROBLEM14.75
at point B locked. Knowing that point G is the center oI gravity oI the
t
airplane, the velocity oI the air in the two 2.2-meter-diameter
slipstreams when the nose wheel A begins to liIt oII the ground.
Assume = 1.21 and neglect the approach velocity oI the air.
SOLUTION
Let be the Iorce exerted on the slipstreamoI one engine. Then, the Iorce exerted on the airplane is -2Fas
shown.
Statics.
=
- =
1)
= 2.5791 x N
Calculation oI -.
mass = density x volume = density x area x length
= =
Am
- = - -

-
Force exerted on the slipstream:

F = -
Assume that ,the speed Iar upstream, is negligible.
F = - =
= 599.8
(12 1)
= 24.5
PROBLEM14.76
Prior to take-oII the pilot oI a 3000-kg twin-engine airplane tests the
reversible-pitch propellers with the brakes at point B locked. Knowing
that the velocity oI the air in the two 2.2-meter-diameter slipstreams is
20 and that point G is the center oI oI the airplane, determine
I . - the reactions at points A and B. Assume = 1.21 neglect the
approach velocity oI the air.
SOLUTION
Let Fbe the Iorce exerted on the slipstream oI one engine.
am
F = -
at
am
Calculation oI mass = density x volume = density x area x length
at
Am = =
Am am
or =
Assume that the velocity Iar upstream, is negligible.
F = -D - 0) = = 1839.84 N-
4
The Iorce exerted by twoslipstreamson the airplane is -2F. -2F = 3679.7 N-
Statics.
= 0.
0.3 mg - -3.1 A =
A = 1 ) -
3.1
= 948.9 N
= 0. -2F - =
-2F 3679.7 N
+ = 0. A+ - = 948.9 + - =
= 28481 N
B = N + N B = 28.7
I
PROBLEM14.77
A 32-kip jet airplane maintains a constant speed oI 480 while
a
climbing at an angle a = 18". The airplane scoops in air at a rate oI
600 and discharges it with a velocity oI 2000 relative to the
airplane. II the pilot changes to a horizontal Ilight while maintaining the
same engine setting, determine the initial acceleration oI the plane.
the maximum horizontal speed that will be attained. Assume that the
drag due to air Iriction is proportional to the square oI the speed.
SOLUTION
Calculate the propulsive Iorce using velocities relative to the airplane.
F -
Data:
600
- 18.6335
32.2
= 480 = 704 = 2000
F = ( 1 -704) = 24.149 x 1
Since there is no acceleration while the airplane is climbing,
the Iorces are in equilibrium.
= F - D- Wsina =
F - D = W sin a = = 9889

W 32000
= 9889 = 9.95
32.2
Corresponding drag Iorce: D = F -9889 = 14260
Drag Iorce Iactor: - 0.028773
(704)
-
Since the acceleration is zero, the Iorces are in equilibrium.
F - DO

+ - = 0
859.4
PROBLEM14.78
A jet airliner is cruising at a speed oI with its engines scooping
in air at the rate oI and discharging it with a velocity oI
relative to the plane when a control surIace malIunction suddenly causes
a percent increase in drag. Knowing that the pilot maintains level
Ilight with the same mass Ilow rate and discharge relative velocity,
determine the newcruising speed. Assume that the drag due to air
is proportional to the square oI the speed oI the plane.
SOLUTION
Let = mass Ilow rate, = discharge velocity velative to the airliner, = speed oI airliner, and
= thrust oI the engines.
ConIiguration beIore control surIace malIunction:
= = = =
- - = = N
Drag Iorce Iactor:
=
- 2 -
AIter control surIace malIunction: = =
When the new cruising speed is attained,
- =
- - =
= =
PROBLEM14.79
The wind-turbine-generator shown operates at a wind speed oI
with an eIIiciency oI 0.4. Knowing that the area swept out by the blades
is a circle oI diameter d = 22 and that y = 0.076 determine
the kinetic energy oI the air particles enteringthe 22-It-diameter circle
per second, (b) the output power.
Data:
SOLUTION
Kinetic energy oI Iluid in slipstream passing in time
2 1 2
AT = - mass x speed- = - density x volume x speed
2
1
= - density x area x length x speed
2
2
2 2
AT 1
2
3
power = = Av
2
y = 0.076 g = 32.2
A = = = 380.13
4 4
v = 18 = 26.4
(380.1 = 8254
2 32.2
8250
Input power = = 8254
Output power = = 3302
3302
output power = 6.00 hp
(550
PROBLEM14.80
The wind-turbine-generator shown has an output-power rating oI 4.7 hp
Ior a wind speed oI 21 and operates at an eIIiciency oI 0.35.
Knowing that y = 0.076 determine (a) the diameter d oI the
circular area swept out by the blades, (b) the kinetic energy oI the air
particles entering the circular area per second.
SOLUTION
Kinetic energy oI Iluid in slipstream passing in time At.
2 2
AT = - mass x speed
2
= - density x volume x speed
2
= - density x area x length x speed
2
2
1 1
= =
2 2
3
--AV
2
Data: output power = 4.7 hp,
4.7
input power = = 13.427 hp = 7386
0.35
-= input power = 7386 v = = 30.8
Using
4 = A
d = 16.51 A
- -
From above,
- 7390
PROBLEM14.81
The propeller oI a small airplane has a 2-m-diameter slipstream and
produces a thrust oI when the airplane is at rest on the ground.
Assuming = Ior air, determine the speed oI the air in
the slipstream, the volume oI air passing through the propeller per
second, the kinetic energy imparted per second to the air in the
slipstream.
SOLUTION
Calculation oI at a section in the airstream:

= =

=

Thrust where is the just downstream
oI propeller and is the velocity Iar upstream. Assume is

negligible.
Thrust
=
= =

=
Kinetic energy oI mass :

=

= =

=
PROBLEM 14.82
While cruising in level Ilight at a speed oI a jet airplane scoops
in air at the rate oI and discharges it with a velocity oI
relative to the airplane. Determine the power actually used to propel
the airplane, the total power developed by the engine, the
mechanical eIIiciency oI the airplane.
SOLUTION
Data: - = = =
- = - = N
-
= = = =
propulsion power =
-

) = -

- - = - = x
= + =
total power = MW

mechanical eIIiciency =
I
PROBLEM14.83
I
A garden sprinkler has Iour rotating each oI which consists oI two
horizontal straight sections oI pipe Iorming an angle oI Each arm
discharges water at a rate oI 5 with a velocity oI 60 relativeto
the arm. Knowing that the between the moving and stationary
parts oI the sprinkler is equivalent to a couple oI magnitude
M = 0.275 determine the constant rate at which the
rotates( = 7.48 gal).
The Ilow through each arm is 1.25
(
= 1.1408 x
dm
Y
= =
32.2
= 21.590
Consider the moment about exerted on the Iluid stream oI one arm.
Apply the impulse-momentum principle. Compute moments about
First, consider the oI triangleOAB. Using Iirst the lawoI
cosines,
= + - cos
OA = in. = 0.72648
0
LawoI sines.
sin120
4
= a = - = 36.587'
Moments about 0:
+ ( ) = sina -
Am
= sina -
= (21 1 36.587 - (0.72648)'
(0.56093 - 0.0113950)
that - arm -

-
0.06875 0.56093 - 0.01
= 43.19 = 412
PROBLEM14.84
A circular reentrant oriIice (also called Borda's mouthpiece) oI diameter
D is placed at a depth h below the surIace oI a tank. Knowing that the
speed oI the issuing stream is v = and assuming that the speed oI
approach is zero, show that the diameter oI the stream is =
Consider the section oI water indicated, and note that P is equal to
the pressure at a depth h multiplied by the area oI the oriIice).
SOLUTION
Fromhydrostatics, the pressure at section 1 is = rh =
The pressure at section is = 0.
Calculate the mass Ilowrate using section 2.
= =
Am
-
Apply the impulse-momentumprinciple to Iluid between sections and 2.
I I
+ =

+

= - = -
But is negligible, p, = and v =

= or =
4
PROBLEM14.85
,
The depth oI water Ilowing in a rectangular channel oI width at a speed
and a depth increases to a depth at a Express
, the rate oI IlowQin terms oI and
ContinuityoI Ilow:
SOLUTION
Mass Ilow rate:
mass density x volume
= density x area x length
= =
Resultant pressure Iorces:
= -

-

Apply impulse-momentumprincipleto water between
sections and 2.
PROBLEM CONTINUED
+ - =
Am
- = -
+ -
=
PROBLEM14.86
Determine the rate oI Ilow in the channel oI Prob. 14.85, knowing that
= m, = 1.25 = 1.5 m.
Prob. 14.85: The depth oI water Ilowing in a rectangular channel oI
width at a speed and a depth increases to a depth at a
Express the rate oI Ilow in terms oI and
SOLUTION
Mass Ilow rate:
mass = density x volume
= density x area x length
Am= Am -=
Continuity oI Ilow:

=-

Resultant pressure Iorces:
2 2
1 1
= =
2 2
Apply impulse-momentum principle to water between
sections and 2.
PROBLEM CONTINUED
+ - =
- = -

= + -
=
= = = =
=
+ =
- =
PROBLEM14.87
The Iinal component oI a conveyor system receives sand at a rate oI
at and discharges it at B. The sand is moving horizontally at A
and Bwith a velocity oI magnitude = = Knowing that the
combined weight oI the component and oI the sand it supports is
W = 4 the reactions at Cand D.
SOLUTION
Apply the impulse-momentum principle.
; ( -
Momentsabout C: + - =

+ -

+ - =

=
components: + =
- - =
+ components: + - =
- -
=
I
PROBLEM14.88
A railroad car oI length L and mass when empty is moving on
a horizontal track while being loaded with sand a stationary chute at
a rate = q. Knowing that the car was approaching the chute at a
speed v,, determine the mass oI the car and its load aIter the car has
cleared the chute, (h) the speed oI the car at that time.
SOLUTION
Consider the conservation oI the horizontal component oI momentumoI the railroad car oI mass and the
sand mass
= +
v =
+
+
Integrating. using = and x = L when =
m v
L = =
+
+
Final mass oI railroad car and sand
=
+
0
PROBLEM14.89
.
The ends oI a chain lie in plies at and When given an initial speed
the chain keeps moving Ireely at that speed over the pulley at B.
Neglecting Iiction, determine the required value oI
A
: . ~ ~
Let be the mass per unit length oI chain. Consider the impulse-momentum applied to the link being brought
to rest at point
Calculation oI
= =
+ =
+ =
=
-- Consider only the changes in momentum and
Iorces contributing to moments about in the diagram.
+) Moments about
+[ - =
=
Equating the two expressions Ior
=
PROBLEM14.90
A chain oI length and mass Ialls through a small hole in a plate.
Initially, when is very small, the chain is at rest. In each case shown,
determine (a) the acceleration oI the Iirst linkA as a Iunction oI (b) the
velocity oI the chain as the last link passes through the hole. In case I
assume that the individual links are at rest until they Iall through the hole;
in case 2 assume that at any instant all inks have the same speed. Ignore
the eIIect oI Iriction.
SOLUTION
Let be the mass per unit lengthoI chain. Assume that the weight oI any chain above the hole is supportedby
the Iloor. It and the corresponding upward reaction oI the Iloor are not shown in the diagrams.
Case I. impulse-momentumprinciple to the entire chain.
+ = + +
= + + ( + (

Let At 0.

= + =
Multiply both sides by

Let =-on leIt hand side.
=
Integrate with respect to time.
1 I
3
DiIIerentiate with respect to time.
2 a y 2
3 3
1
a =
(b) Set y = 1 in
2
v - gl v =
3
Case 2. Apply conservationoI energy using the Iloor as the level Ior which the potential energy is
measured.
Y
T - - mv ,
2
0- mv - - pgy
2
2 2 m 1
DiIIerentiating with respect toy,
(a) Acceleration.
ay I
(b) Setting y = I in
2
v = gl
Note: The impulse-momentumprinciple may be used to obtain the Iorce that the edge oI the hole exerts
on the chain.
PROBLEM14.91
A chain oI length and mass lies in a pile on the Iloor. II its end A is
raised vertically at a constant speed express in terms oI the lengthy oI
chain which is oII the Iloor at any given instant the magnitude oI the
Iorce P applied at the reaction oI the Iloor.
SOLUTION
Let be the mass per unit length oI chain. Apply the impulse momentumto the entire chain. Assume that
the reaction Irom the Iloor it equal to the weight oI chain still in contact with the Iloor.
Calculate the Iloor reaction.

Apply the impulse-momentum principle.
+ + - +
= + -
= + - -
Let =-=

7
= +
+ 4
From above, =
PROBLEM14.92
14.91, -- - to at
a - - v.
SOLUTION
Let -- per unit -- - Iloor,
to the chain.
+
+ + - = +
= - -
Then,
,
PROBLEM14.93
A rocket has a mass oI 960 kg, including 800 kg oI Iuel, which is
consumed at the rate oI 10 and ejected with a relative velocity oI
3600 Knowing that the rocket is Iired vertically the ground,
determine its acceleration (a) as it is Iired, (b) as the last particle oI Iuel is
being consumed.
SOLUTION
FromEq. (14.44) oI the text book, the thrust is
dm
P = (10 = 36 x = 36 x N
dt
C F = ma
P
a - -
(a) At thestart m= = 960 kg, g = 9.81 d s

2
From a = - 9.81 = 27.69 m/s
2
960
a = 27.7
(b) As the last particle is consumed,
m= 960 - 800 = 160 kg, g = 9.81 (assumed)
From a = - 9.81 = 215.19 a =
160
PROBLEM14.94
A rocket has a mass oI 1500 kg, including 1200 kg oI Iuel, which is
consumed at the rate oI 15 Knowing that the rocket is Iired
vertically the ground and that its acceleration increases by
220 Iromthe time it is Iired to the time the last particle oI Iuel has
been consumed, determine the relative velocity with which the Iuel is
being ejected.
SOLUTION
Thrust,
.
Data:
-
- 15
As rocket is Iired: = 1500 kg

9.81 -9.81
1500
As all the Iuel is consumed: = 1500 -1200 = 300 kg.
9.81 = -9.81
300
Fromthe given data, - = 220
Using ( 1) and ( 2) Ior and and substituting into
= 220 = 5500
PROBLEM14.95
The main propulsion system oI a space shuttle consists oI three identical
rocket engines, each oI which burns the hydrogen-oxygen propellant at
the rate oI 750 and ejects it with a relative velocity oI 12,500
Determine the total thrust provided by the three engines.
SOLUTION
- 750
32.2
Thrust oI one engine: P = -= (1 = 291.15 x

For 3 engines, 3P = 873.4 x
Thrust = 873 kips 4
PROBLEM14.96
- -- - - ---
- 1200
-
- -
-
PROBLEM14.97
-- - -
- - -
- -
I
SOLUTION
- -
= - + + -
= + - - +( + -
- Am) =
- = -
- =
= -
PROBLEM14.98
The rocket engines oI a spacecraIt are Iired to increase its velocity by
150 Knowing that 600 kg oI Iuel is ejected at a relative velocity oI
1800 determine the mass oI the spacecraIt aIter the Iiring.
SOLUTION
Apply conservation oI momentumto the rocket plus the Iuel.
mv = ( m- + + + Av - v )
= mv + -( -(Am)( + + (Am)( -
m - (Am)=
am
Am = --(At )
at
Av av am
At at m at
am am
m at m
m
- -
Data: - = 150 = 1800
= + = m, + 600 kg
+ 600 150
= exp-= 1
1800
600
= 0.08690 = 6900 kg
PROBLEM14.99
A 1200-lb spacecraIt is mounted on top oI a rocket weighing 42,000 lb,
including 40,000 lb oI Iuel. Knowing that the Iuel is consumed at a rate
oI 500 and ejected with a relative velocity oI 12,000 determine
the maximum speed imparted to the spacecraIt when the rocket is Iired
vertically the ground.
SOLUTION
See sample Problem 14.8 Ior derivation oI
-
-
Data:
1 1
12000 = = 15.527
g dt 32.2
1
- +1200) = 1360.25
g 32.2
= = = 1242.24
g 32.2
Maximumspeed is reached when all the Iuel is used up.
1242 24
q 15.527
- =118.01
1360.25
= 12000 - = 26.8
118.01
= 26800
PROBLEM14.100
The rocket used to launch the spacecraIt oI Prob. is
redesigned to include two stages A and B, each weighing lb,
including lb oI Iuel. The Iuel is again consumed at a rate oI
and ejected with a relative velocity oI Knowing that
when stage A expels its last particle oI Iuel, its casing is released and
jettisoned, determine (a) the speed oI the rocket at that instant, the
maximumspeedimparted to the spacecraIt.
A
SOLUTION
Thrust Iorce.
Mass oI rocket + unspent Iuel. m= - qt
Correspondingweight Iorce W = mg
F P - W P
Acceleration:
m m m
-
Integratingwith respect to time to obtain the velocity,
+
-
-
= - -
For each stage,
= = =

-
- t =

For the Iirst stage,
=
=
= -
-
- =
=
For the second stage, = =
= - - =
PROBLEM14.101
-
- - -
SOLUTION
-
-
-
- -- -
- -
-
=
2
-

-
[

+ - -
PROBLEM14.102
For the spacecraIt and the two-stage launching rocket oI Prob. 14.100,
determine the altitude at which (a) stage A oI the rocket is released,
(b) the Iuel oI both stages has been consumed.
SOLUTION
Thrust Iorce.
Mass oI rocket + unspent Iuel.
Corresponding weight Iorce.
Acceleration:

m m
-
Integratingwith respect to time to obtain velocity,
n o -
n o -
=
Integratingagain to obtain the displacement
- 4
Let , at =
no 4
Then,
1
- = + +-
4 2
= + +
4 n o no no
For each stage,
20000
621 12
- 15.528 =-
32.2 q 15.528
For the Iirst stage, = 0, = 0,
=
1200+
=1360.25
32.2
Fromequation
1360.25 - 621.12
= 0 -12000 ln - = 603 1.4
1360.25
Fromequation
1360.25 1360.25 - 621.12
= 40
[ (15.528 1360.25
= 105838 = 20.0 mi
For the second stage, = 6031.4 =105838
32.2
Fromequation
= 105838 +
698.76
40 + -
[ (15.528 698.76
= 669501 126.8mi
PROBLEM14.103
the distance traveled by the spacecraIt oI Prob. 14.97 during
the rocket engine Iiring, knowing that its initial speed was and
the duration oI the Iiring was s.
SOLUTION
Thrust Iorce
dm
Mass oI rocket plus unspent m = -
Acceleration:

m m, -
Integrating with respect to time to obtain the velocity,
v = + =
-
-
= =
Integratingagain to obtain the displacement,
-
= + -
Let
- 4
or
4
mu mu
4 4
-
= + [
= + +
- +
4
= + + + -
= = + =

=
= =

=
= =
= + +
= - =
PROBLEM14.104

- -
SOLUTION
-
-
- -
-
- -- -
-- v -
at
-
-
=
- 4 m
4
m u 1 m u
= -
4 4
4
PROBLEM CONTINUED
= kg,
q 10 u = 3600 g=9.81
kg, -
From
PROBLEM14.105
In a rocket, the kinetic energy imparted to the consumed and ejected Iuel
is wasted as Iar as propelling the rocket is concerned. The useIul power is
equal to the product oI the Iorce available to propel the rocket and the
speed oI the rocket. II is the speed oI the rocket and is the relative
speed oI the expelled Iuel show that the mechanical eIIiciency oI the
rocket is = + . Explainwhy = 1 when =
SOLUTION
Let be the thrust Iorce and be the mass Ilow rate.
Absolute velocityoI exhaust:
Thrust Iorce:
Power oI thrust Iorce: =

Power associated with exhaust: = - = -

=

Total power supplied by engine:

- =

useIul power
Mechanical eIIiciency:
total power
=
=1 when = The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.

PROBLEM14.106
In a jet airplane, the kinetic energy imparted to exhaust gases is wasted as
Iar as propelling the airplane is concerned. The useIul power is equal to
the product oI the Iorce available to propel the airplane and the speed oI
the airplane. II v is the speed oI the airplane and is the relative speed
oI the expelled gases, show that the mechanical eIIiciency oI the airplane
is = + v). Explain why = 1 when = v.
SOLUTION
am
Let Fbe the thrust Iorce, and be the mass Ilow rate.
at
Absolute velocity oI exhaust:
am
Thrust Iorce: - v )
at
am
Power oI thrust Iorce: = Fv = -
at
1 1 2
Power associated with exhaust: ) = -( am) = ( u- v )
2 2
1 am 2
P - - v )
Total power supplied by engine:
1 2 1 am
- - - v ) = - v
2
)
at 2 2 at
useIul power
Mechanical eIIiciency:
'I total power P
-
'I=
- v
2
+
= 1 when = v. The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.
PROBLEM
man and a woman stand side by side at the same end oI a
boat, ready to dive, each with a velocity relative to the
boat. Determine the velocity oI the boat aIter they have both dived, iI
the woman dives Iirst, the man dives Iirst.
--
+ =
8
= =
Man dives next. Conservation oI momentum:

-
+
+ -
=
+
= Ws =
--
-
+
= =
Womandives next. Conservation oI momentum:

+
+ -
8
= =
PROBLEM14.108
A 180-lb man and a 120-lb woman stand at opposite ends oI a 300-lb
boat, ready to dive, each with a velocity relative to the boat.
the velocity oI the boat aIter they have both dived, iI the
woman dives- the man dives Iirst.

120 - + 300 +180
= 0
= = 3.20 Ws
600
Mandives next. Conservation oI momentum:
300 + 180 300 180
= + -
=
+(1
= 2.80 = 2.80
480

180
- -

= = 4.80
600
Woman dives next. ConservationoI momentum:
300 +120 300 120
+ -
=
+(120) 6)
= -0.229
420
= 0.229
PROBLEM14.109
A system consists oI three particles A, B, and We know that
= 3 kg, = 4 kg, and = 5 kg and that the velocities oI the
particles expressed in are, respectively, = + 4j + 6k,
= -6i + + 4k, and = 2i - 6j - 4k. Determine the angular
momentum oI the system about
SOLUTION
Linear momentum oI eachparticle
= -12i +12j +18k
= -24i + 32j +16k
= -30j - 20k
= + = + + = +
Angular momentumabout (kg
= x + +
=
= (-18i - + + - + + (6i + - 24k)
= - +
= - (64.8 j + (48.0
j k
1.2 0 1.5
-12 12 18
+
i j k
0.9 1.2 1.2
-24 32 16
+
i j k
0 2.4 1.8
10 -30 -20
PROBLEM14.110
For the system oI particles in Prob. 14.109, determine (a) the position
vector oI the mass center G oI the system, (b) the linear momentum
oI the system, (c) the angular momentum oI the system about G.
Also veriIy that the answers to this problem and to Prob. 14.109 satisIy
the equation givenin Prob. 14.28.
SOLUTION
= + = + + = +
(a) Mass center:
+ + = + +
12F = + + + + + +
= + +
= (0.600 m)i + (1.400 m) j + (1.525 m)k
Linear momentum oI each particle
=-12i +12j +18k
= -24i + 32j +16k
= -30j - 20k
(b) Linear momentumoI the
= + + = -26i +14j +14k
= + (14.00 j +(14.00
Position vectors relative to the mass center (meters).
= - = - -
= - = - -
= - = + +
Angularmomentumabout G(kg
= + +
Angularmomentumabout (kg
=
Note that =
0.6 -1.4 -0.025

-12 12 18

0.6 1.4 1.525
-26 14 14
= x + x +
= - +
=
+

1.2 0 1.5
-12 12 18
0.3 -0.2 -0.325

-24 32 16
+
+

-0.6 1.0 0.275
10 -30 -20

0.9 1.2 1.2
-24 32 16
+

0 2.4 1.8
10 -30 -20
PROBLEM14.111
Car A was traveling east at high speed when it collided at point with
car B, which was traveling north at 72 Car which was traveling
west at 90 was 10 meast and 3 m north oI point at the time oI
the collision. Because the pavement was wet, the driver oI car C could
not prevent his car sliding into the other two cars, and the three cars,
stuck together, kept sliding until they hit the utility pole P. Knowingthat
the masses oI cars A, B, and C are, respectively, 1500 kg, 1300 kg, and
1200 kg, and neglecting the Iorces exerted on the cars by the wet
pavement, solve the problems indicated.
Knowing that the coordinates oI the utility pole are =18 m and
y, =13.9 m, (a)the time elapsedIromthe Iirst collisionto the
stop at P, (b) the speed oI car A.
SOLUTION
Let r be the time elapsed since the Iirst collision. No external Iorces in the plane act on the system
consistingoI cars A, B, and during the impacts with one another. The masscenter oI the system moves at
the velocity it had beIore the collision.
Initial mass center :
(m, + + + = +
= = = 3 m, = = = 0.9 m
Given velocities:
v, = = (20 j, = i
Velocity oI mass center:
(m, + + = + +
v + +
Since the collided cars hit the pole at
= +
+ = + +
Resolve intocomponents.
= + -
y: = +
Data: = =
13.9 = 0.9 + = 2.00 4
18 = 3 + -
= 40 v, =144.0
PROBLEM14.112
Car A was traveling east at high speed when it collided at point with
car B, which was traveling north at 72 Car C, which was traveling
west at 90 was 10 m east and 3 m north oI point at the time oI
the collision. Because the pavement was wet, the driver oI car C could
not prevent his car sliding into the other two cars, and the three cars,
stuck together, kept sliding until they hit the utility pole P. Knowing that
the masses oI cars A, B, and are, respectively, 1500 kg, 1300 kg, and
1200 kg, and neglecting the Iorces exerted on the cars by the wet
pavement, solve the problems indicated.
Knowing that the speed oI car A was 129.6 and that the time
elapsed the Iirst collision to the stop at P was 2.4 s, determine the
coordinates oI the utility pole P.
SOLUTION
Let be the time elapsed since the Iirst collision. No external Iorces in the plane act on the system
consisting oI cars A, B, and Cduring the impacts with one another. The mass center oI the system moves at
the velocityit had beIore the collision.
Initial mass center :
(m, + + + = +
Given velocities:
v, = = =
VelocityoI mass center:
Since the collided cars hit the pole at
= +
+ = + + Resolve intocomponents.
Data:
From = 3 + - =17.4 m
From = 0.9 + = 16.5 m
PROBLEM14.113
In 14.107, the done by and by man
as- the boat, -
dives-
-
Kineticenergy before
Kineticenergy afterdive:
381.61

- =381.61
- next. - momentum:
energy

Work man:
PROBLEM14.114
A rotary power plow is used to remove snow a level section oI
railroad track. The plow car is placed ahead oI an engine which propels it
at a constant speed oI 12 The plow car clears 180 tons oI snow per
minute, projecting it in the direction shown with a velocity oI 40
relative to the plow car. Neglecting Iriction, determine (a) the Iorce
exerted by the engine on the plow car, (b)the lateral Iorce exerted by the
track on the plowcar.
= (40 + sin + (17.6 k
SOLUTION
Velocity oI the plow:
Velocity oI thrownsnow:
Mass Ilowrate:
dm 1
(1 (2000
=186.34
(32.2
Let Fbe the Iorce exerted on the plowand the snow.
Apply impulse-momentum, notingthat the snowis initially at rest and that the velocity oI the plow is
constant. Neglect gravity.
=
F = = + +
= (6450 + (3730lb) j +(3280
(a) Force exerted byengine. = 3280 lb
(b) Lateral Iorce exertedby track. = 6450 lb
PROBLEM14.115
The stream oI water shown Ilows at a rate oI 150 and moves with
a velocity oI magnitude 60 at both A and B. The vane is supported by
a pin and bracket at C and by a load cell at D which can exert only a
horizontal Iorce. Neglecting the weight oI the vane, determine the
~I~
components oI the reactions at Cand D( 7.48 gal).
SOLUTION
dm
(62.4 50 min)
Mass Ilow rate:
(32.2
dm
- 0.6477
Velocity vectors: v, = =
Apply the impulse-momentumprinciple.
Moments about C:
1 5 6 8 6.5
+- = +
12 12 12
-
6 At
= + + = 76.47
6
= 76.5
D,, = 0 4
x components: (At) + D(At) = cos
- D - 76.471 = -46.7
+ components: -(Am) + (At) = (Am) sin
Am
+ = = 63.8
At
PROBLEM14.116
I
In order to shorten the distance required Ior landing, a jet airplane is
equipped with moveable vanes which partially reverse the direction oI the
air discharged by each oI its engines. Each engine scoops in the air at a
rate oI 120 and discharges it with a velocity oI 600 relative to
the engine. At an instant when the speed oI the airplane is 270
determine the reverse thrust provided by each oI the engines.
--
SOLUTION
Apply the impulse momentumprinciple to the moving air. Use a Irame oI reIerence that is moving with the
airplane. Let F be the Iorce on the air.
Am
F = + sin = + sin
F = + = 33.6 N
Forceon airplane is - = -
PROBLEM14.117
A space vehicle describing a circular orbit about the earth at a speed oI
24 releases its end capsule whichhas a gross mass oI 600 kg,
including 400 kg oI Iuel. Knowing that the Iuel is consumed at the rate oI
20 and ejected with a relative velocity oI 3000 determine(a) the
tangential acceleration oI the capsule as its engine is Iired, (b) the
maximumspeed attainedby the capsule.
(a,), = 4
SOLUTION
Thrust: = = (20 = 60 x N
600
(b) Maximumspeed is attained when all the Iuel is used up.
P
= + dt = +
m
)
m dt +
= = +
Data: = 24 = 6.6667 x
= 3000
= 600 kg
= 600 - 400 = 200 kg.
600
= 6.6667 x + 3000 = 9.9625
200
= 35.9 4

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PROBLEM14.

Suitcase A impacts carrier. ConservationoI momentum:

oI the moments about A oI the momenta oI the particles in their

m(5.76) + = + m(5.04) = 0.720

Solve Prob. 14.49, assuming that it is B which is suddenly given the

1 1.52 2.4 2.40

Mass Ilow rate:

Mass Ilow rate: = = (1000 .92 = 1920 kglmin = 32

CalculationoI . mass = density x volume = density x area x length

Force exerted on the slipstream:

= thrust oI the engines.

ConIiguration beIore control surIace malIunction:

Calculation oI at a section in the airstream:

mass = density x volume = density x area x length

Thrust where is the just downstream

oI propeller and is the velocity Iar upstream. Assume is

But is negligible, p, = and v =

Resultant pressure Iorces:

(a) At thestart m= = 960 kg, g = 9.81 d s

As rocket is Iired: = 1500 kg

Thrust oI one engine: P = -= (1 = 291.15 x

Let be the thrust Iorce and be the mass Ilow rate.

Absolute velocityoI exhaust:

Power oI thrust Iorce: =

=1 when = The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.

Man dives next. Conservation oI momentum:

Womandives next. Conservation oI momentum:

0.6 -1.4 -0.025

0.3 -0.2 -0.325

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