Units of measurement

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The former Weights and Measures office in Seven Sisters, London

A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity.
[1]

Any other value of the physical

quantity can be expressed as a simple multiple of the unit of measurement. For example, length is a physical quantity. The metre is a unit of length that represents a definite predetermined length. When we say 10 metres (or 10 m), we actually mean 10 times the definite predetermined length called "metre". The definition, agreement, and practical use of units of measurement have played a crucial role in human endeavour from early ages up to this day. Different systems of units used to be very common. Now there is a global standard, the International System of Units (SI), the modern form of the metric system.

Conversion of units
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
(January 2011)
Conversion of units refers to conversion factors between different units of measurement for the same quantity.

Area Unit Converter | Surface Conversion

Free Area or Surface unit converter online. Use this tool to convert values of area from one unit to the other. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Units of Surface & Area: meter (m ), millimeter (mm ), centimeter (cm ), decimeter (dm ), deka (dam ), inch (in ), foot (ft ), yard (yd ), kilometer (km ), mile (mile ), Acre, Hectares (ha), Are, Section, Township.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Length
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search

"Width" redirects here. For technical meanings of width in mathematics, see Width (disambiguation). For other uses, see Length (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
(June 2010)

Look up length, width, breadth, or thickness in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

[1]

In geometric measurements, length most commonly refers to the longest dimension of an object.

In certain contexts, the term "length" is reserved for a certain dimension of an object along which the length is measured. For example it is possible to cut a length of a wire which is shorter than wire thickness. Another example is FET transistors, in which the channel width may be larger than channel length. Length may be distinguished from height, which is vertical extent, and width or breadth, which are the distance from side to side, measuring across the object at right angles to the length. Length is a measure of one dimension, whereas area is a measure of two dimensions (length squared) and volume is a measure of three dimensions (length cubed). In most systems of measurement, the unit of length is a fundamental unit, from which other units are defined.

Length Conversion Table

Units of Length & Distance: meter (m), millimeter (mm), centimeter (cm), decimeter(dm), dekameter(dam), hectometer(ha), kilometer (km), inch (in), foot (ft), yard (yd), mile, angstrom, chains, furlong, fathom, hand, league, light year, micron, mil (norway-sweden), nautical mile, rod

1 centimeter = 1 decimeter = 1 meter = 1 dekameter= 1 hectometer= 1 kilometer = 1 Angstrom =

Table of Metric Conversion Factors 10 millimeter 10 centimeter 10 decimeter 10 meter 10 dekameter 1000 m = 10 ha 10-10 meter

1 inch = 1 feet = 1 yard = 1 rod / perch = 1 chain = 1 furlong = 1 mile = 1 mile = 1 hand = 1 mil =

English & Metric Conversion Factors 25.4 millimeter 12 inches 3 foot 16.5 foot 22 yard 40 rd = 220 yd 8 furlong 5280 feet 4 inches 0.001 inch Nautical Conversion Factors 6 feet 720ft = 120 fathom 1852 meter 3 miles

1 fathom = 1 cable length = 1 nautical mile= 1 league =

Volume
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Volume (disambiguation).

A measuring cup can be used to measure volumes of liquids. This cup measures volume in units of cups, fluid ounces, and millilitres.
Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.
[1]

Volume is often quantified numerically using

the SI derived unit, the cubic metre. The volume of a container is generally understood to be the capacity of the container, i. e. the amount of fluid (gas or liquid) that the container could hold, rather than the amount of space the container itself displaces. Three dimensional mathematical shapes are also assigned volumes. Volumes of some simple shapes, such as regular, straight-edged, and circular shapes can be easily calculated using arithmetic formulas. The volumes of more complicated shapes can be calculated by integral calculus if a formula exists for the shape's boundary. Onedimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space. The volume of a solid (whether regularly or irregularly shaped) can be determined by fluid displacement. Displacement of liquid can also be used to determine the volume of a gas. The combined volume of two substances is usually greater than the volume of one of the substances. However, sometimes one substance dissolves in the [2] other and the combined volume is not additive. In differential geometry, volume is expressed by means of the volume form, and is an important global Riemannian invariant. In thermodynamics, volume is a fundamental parameter, and is a conjugate variable to pressure.

Volume Conversion Table

Units of Volume & Capacity: cubic meter (m ), cubic millimeter (mm ), cubic centimeter (cm ), liter / litre (L), milliliter (mL), cubic inches(in ), cubic feet (ft ), cubic yard (yd ), fluid minims (fl min), fluid drams(fl dr), fluid ounces(fl oz), pint (pt), quart (qt), gallon (gal), barrel (bbl), bushel (bu), peck (pk), cord (cd), tablespoon, teaspoon, cup.
3 3 3 3 3 3

1 cubic centimeter = 1 cubic decimeter = 1 cubic meter = 1 liter / litre = 1 liter / litre = 1 deciliter = 1 centiliter = 1 cubic foot = 1 cubic yard =

Common Volume Conversion Factors 1000 cubic millimeter 1000 cubic centimeter 1000 cubic decimeter .001 cubic meter 10 deciliter 10 centiliter 10 milliliter 1728 cubic inches 27 cubic feet UK Capacity Conversion Factors 59.19379 cu mm 60 minims 8 fluid drams 20 fluid ounces 0.25 pint 2 pint 4 quart 36 gallons 8 quart 32 quart US Liquid Volume Conversion Factors 61.61152 cu mm 60 minims 8 fluid drams 16 fluid ounces 0.25 pint 2 pint 4 quart 42 gallons US Dry Volume Conversion Factors 33.6 cubic inches 2 pint

1 fluid minims = 1 fluid drams = 1 fluid ounces = 1 pint (pt) = 1 gills (gi) = 1 quart (qt) = 1 gallon (gal) = 1 oil barrel = 1 peck (pk) = 1 bushel (bu) =

1 fluid minims = 1 fluid drams = 1 fluid ounces = 1 pint (pt) = 1 gills (gi) = 1 quart (qt) = 1 gallon (gal) = 1 oil barrel =

1 pint (pt) = 1 quart (qt) =

1 gallon (gal) = 1 peck (pk) = 1 bushel (bu) =

4 quart 8 dry quart 32 dry quart Other Volume Conversion Factors 128 cubic feet 5 Millilitre 3 Teaspoon 16 Tablespoon

1 cord (cd) = 1 Teaspoon = 1 Tablespoon = 1 Cup =

Mass must be distinguished from matter in physics, because matter is a poorly-defined concept, and although all types of agreed-upon matter exhibit mass, it is also the case that many types of energy which are not mattersuch as potential energy, kinetic energy, and trapped electromagnetic radiation (photons)also exhibit mass. Thus, all matter has the property of mass, but not all mass is associated with identifiable matter.

Mass: gram (gm), microgram (g), milligram (mg), centigram (cm), decigram (dg), dekagram (dag), hectogram (hg), kilogram (kg), megagram (Mg) or metric ton (t), grain, pennyweight (dwt), ounce (oz), pound (lb), dram (dr), short & long hundredweight (cwt), short & long ton, scruple (s), carat (c), gamma (y).

1 centigram = 1 decigram = 1 gram = 1 dekagram =

Metric: Mass Conversion Factors 10 milligram 10 centigram 10 dg = 1000 mg 10 gram

1 hectogram = 1 kilogram = 1 megagram = 1 megagram =

10 dekagram 1000 gram 1000 kilogram 1 metric ton Troy Mass Conversion Factors 64.79891 milligram 24 grains 20 pennyweight 12 ounces Avoirdupois Mass Conversion Factors 64.79891 milligram 27.34375 grains 16 drams 16 ounces 100 pound 20 hundredweight 112 pound 20 long hundredweight Apothecaries Mass Conversion Factors 64.79891 milligram 20 grains 3 scruple 8 drams 12 ounces Other Weight Conversion Factors 200 milligrams 1 microgram

1 grain = 1 pennyweight = 1 ounce (oz t) = 1 pound (lb t) =

1 grain = 1 dram (dr) = 1 ounce (oz avdp) = 1 pound (lb avdp) = 1 hundredweight = 1 ton = 1 long hundredweight = 1 long ton =

1 grain = 1 scruple(s) = 1 dram (dr ap) = 1 ounce (oz ap) = 1 pound (lb ap) =

1 carat (c) = 1 gamma (y) =

A marla is a unit of area.

[edit] Description in detail

The marla is a traditional unit of area in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. The marla was standardized under British rule to be equal to the square rod, or 272.25 square feet, 30.25 square yards, or 25.2929 square metres. As such, it was exactly one 160th of an acre. The definition of marla varies between India and Pakistan. In North India, a marla is now based on the yard rather than the acre, and is equal to 25 sq yards. In Pakistan, it is still equal to 30.25 sq yards. A Pakistani marla is often referred to as a "big marla" in India. One Pakistani Marla is equal to 9 sq karm in Urdu and karoon in Punjabi language 9 Sarsahi is equal to one Marla. 20 marlas in Pakistan are equal to one kanal.

[edit] Conversion table

Imperial Metric North Indian marla Pakistani marla 0.033 karm 0.298 karm (0.0331 marla) 0.356 karm (0.0395 marla) 0.826 karm (0.0918 marla) 1 karm (0.111 marla) 0.826 marla (7.438 karm) 1 marla (9 karm = 0.05 kanal) 1 kanal (20 marla)

1 square foot (144 square 0.0929 sq. metres (929.03 sq. 0.040 sarsahi inches) centimetres) 0.360 sarsahi 1 square yard (9 sq. feet) 0.836 sq. metres (0.040 marla) 1.196 sq. yards (10.76 sq. 0.431 sarsahi 1 square metre feet) (0.0478 marla) 2.778 sq. yards (25 sq. 1 sarsahi (0.111 2.322 sq. metres feet) marla) 3.361 sq. yards (30.25 sq. 1.21 sarsahi 2.810 sq. metres feet) (0.134 marla) 1 marla (9 25 sq. yards (225 sq. feet) 20.903 sq. metres sarsahi) 30.25 sq. yards (272.25 sq. 1.21 marla (10.89 25.293 sq. metres feet = 0.0625 acres) sarsahi) 505.857 sq. metres (0.0506 605 sq. yards (0.125 acres) 24.2 marla hectares)

0.405 hectares (4046.856 sq. metres) 1 hectare (10000 sq. metres = 2.471 acres 0.01 sq. kilometres) 247.1 acres (0.386 sq. 1 square kilometre (100 miles) hectares) 2.590 sq. kilometres (259.0 1 square mile (640 acres) hectares) 1 acre (4840 sq. yards)

193.6 marla 478.396 marla 47,839.6 marla 123,904 marla

8 kanal (160 marla) 19.768 kanal (395.369 marla) 1976.8 kanal (39,536.9 marla)

A kanal is a unit of area.

[edit] Description
A kanal is a traditional unit of land area in northern areas of Pakistan and also in the states of north India - Punjab (India), Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh; equal to 20 marlas. Under British rule the marla and kanal were standardized so that the kanal equals exactly 605 square yards or 1/8 acre; this is equivalent to about 505.857 square meters [1].

[edit] Conversions
A kanal is equal to:

0.125 acres (510 m2) 506 m 20 marlas 605 square yards (Gaz in local languages and Urdu)

Usually people widely use this unit in Punjab and Islamabad. Whereas cities like Karachi, Hyderabad etc. do not use kanals or marlas, they use yards (Gaz in Urdu) to measure land specifically. This unit creates much confusion among people when discussing the size of land when people plan to buy land in other cities. For example, a person in Karachi who wants to buy land in Lahore would be confused as he would not know the size of the land as he has been accustomed to yards not marlas. Well same goes the other way round if someone from Lahore wants to buy land in Karachi. Well this confusion has not been looked into by the Government and no restriction of unit has been imposed yet. People are carrying on and this needs to be cleared everywhere specially by the property dealers and print media. So people get accustome to both of the units and know the details of each unit and its conversion. Some of the commonly available land size have been specified below with converted values and region {Formula is 1 marla = 30.25 sq yards) (Gaz in Urdu):

Lahore, Islamabad etc.: 3 marla = 90.75 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu), 5 marla = 151.25 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu), 7.5 marla = 226.875 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu), 10 marla = 302.5 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu), 15 marla = 453.75 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu), 1 Kanal = 605 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu), Karachi, Hyderabad etc.: 125 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu) = 4.13 marla, 150 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu) = 4.95 marla, 250 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu) = 8.26 marla, 400 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu) = 13.22 marla, 500 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu) = 16.52 marla, 600 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu) = 19.83 marla, 1000 sq yards (Gaz in Urdu) = 33.05 marla,

Acre
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about unit of area measure. For other uses, see Acre (disambiguation).
The acre is a unit of area in a number of different systems, including the imperial and U.S. customary systems. The most commonly used acres today are the international acre and, in the United States, the survey acre. The most common use of the acre is to measure tracts of land. The acre is related to the square mile, with 640 acres making up one square mile. One mile is 5280 feet (1760 yards). Divisions of land area were typically based on the square mile, and fractions thereof. If the square mile is divided into quarters, each quarter has a side length of 1/2 mile (880 yards) and is 1/4 square mile in area, or 160 acres. These subunits would typically then again be divided into quarters, with each side being 1/4 mile long, and being 1/16th of a square mile in area, or 40 acres. In the United States, farmland was typically divided as such, and the phrase "the back 40" would refer to the 40 acre parcel to the back of the farm. Most of the US midwest is on square mile grids for surveying purposes. One acre comprises 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet or about 4,050 square metres (0.405 hectares) (see below). While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are alternative definitions of a yard, so the exact size of an acre depends on which yard it is based on. Originally, an acre was understood as a selion of land sized at one furlong (660 ft) long and one chain (66 ft) wide; this may have also been understood as an approximation of the amount of land an ox could plough in one day. A square enclosing one acre is approximately 208 feet 9 inches (63.63 metres) on a side. As a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape; any perimeter enclosing 43,560 square feet is an acre in size. The acre is often used to express areas of land in the U.S and in countries where the Imperial System is still in use. As of 2010, the acre is not used officially in the United Kingdom. In the metric system, the hectare is commonly used for the same purpose. An acre is approximately 40% of a hectare.
[1]

Perhaps the easiest way to envisage an acre is as a rectangle measuring 88 yards by 55 yards (1/10 of 880 yards by 1/16 of 880 yards), approximately the size of a standard American football field. To be more exact, one acre is 90.75 percent of a 100 yards (91.44 metres) long by 53.33 yards (48.76 metres) wide American football field (without the end zones). The full field, including the end zones, covers approximately 1.32 acres (0.53 ha). The acre is also approximately 56.68 percent of a 105 metres (344.49 feet) long by 68 metres (223.10 feet) wide Association football (soccer) pitch. It may also be remembered as 44,000 square feet, less 1%; or as the product of 66 x 660.

Furlong
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Furlong (disambiguation).
A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and U.S. customary units equal to one-eighth of a mile, equivalent to 220 yards, 660 feet, 40 rods, or 10 chains. The exact value of the furlong varies slightly among Englishspeaking countries. Five furlongs are approximately 1 kilometre (1.0058 km is a closer approximation). Since the original definition of the metre was one-quarter of one ten-millionth of the circumference of the Earth (along the great circle coincident with the meridian of longitude passing through Paris), the circumference of the Earth is about 40,000 km or about 200,000 furlongs.

IMPERIAL
Length 1 mile = 1760 yards 1 mile = 8 furlong 1 furlong = 10 chains 1 chain = 4 rods 1 rod = 5 1/2 yards 1 yard = 3 feet 1 foot = 12 inches Area 1 sq. mile = 640 acres 1 acre = 4840 sq. yard 1 sq. yard = 9 sq. feet 1 sq. foot = 144 sq. inches Capacity 1 gal. = 4 quarts 1 quart = 2 pints 1 pint = 4 gills 1 pint = 34.6774 inchs3 1 gill = 5 fl. oz. 1 fl. oz. = 8 fl. drachms 1 US gal = 0.8327 gal 1 US pint = 0.8327 pint 1 US pint = 16 fl. oz. 1 yard3 = 27 feet3 1 foot3 = 1728 inches3 Weight 1 ton = 20 cwt 1 ton = 2240 lb. 1 ton = 1.12 US ton 1 cwt = 4 quarters 1 quarter = 2 stone. 1 stone = 14 lb. 1 lb. = 16 oz. 1 oz. = 16 drams 1 oz. = 437.5 grains 1 US ton = 2000 lb.

METRIC
Length 1 km = 10 hm 1 km = 1000 m 1 hm = 100 m 1 m = 10 dm 1 dm = 10 cm 1 cm = 10 mm Area 1 km2 = 100 hectares 1 hectare = 100 ares 1 are = 100 m2 1 m2 = 100 dm2 1 dm2 = 100 cm2 1 cm2 = 100 mm2 Capacity Weight 1 m3 = 1000 litres 1 tonne = 1000 kg 1 litre = 1 dm3 1 kg = 1000 g 1 litre = 1000 cc 1 g = 1000 mg 1 litre = 1000 ml

IMPERIAL to METRIC
Length 1 mile = 1.609 km 1 yard = 0.9144 m 1 foot = 0.3048 m 1 inch = 25.4 mm Area 1 sq. mile = 2.59 km 1 acre = 0.4047 hectares 1 acre = 4046.86 m2 1 sq. yard = 0.8361 m2 1 sq. foot = 0.0929 m2 1 sq. inch = 645.16 mm2
2

Capacity 1 gallon = 4.5461 litres 1 US gallon = 3.785 litres 1 pint = 0.5683 litres 1 cu. inch = 16.3871 cm3

Weight 1 ton = 1.016 tonnes 1 lb. = 0.4536 kg 1 oz. = 28.3495 g 1 US ton = 0.9072 tonnes

METRIC to IMPERIAL
Length 1 km = 0.6214 miles 1 m = 1.0936 yards 1 m = 3.2808 feet 1 mm = 0.0394 inches
2

Area 1 km = 0.3861 mile 1 km2 = 247.105 acres 1 hectares = 2.4711 acres 1 m2 = 10.7639 feet2 1 mm2 = 0.0016 inches2
2

Capacity 1 litre = 0.22 gal. 1litre = 0.2642 US gal. 1 litre = 1.7598 pint 1 m3 = 219.969 gal. 1 m3 = 35.3147 feet3

Weight 1 tonne = 0.9842 ton 1 tonne = 1.1023 US ton 1 kg = 2.2046 lb. 1 kg = 35.274 oz.

TEMPERATURE
deg. C to deg. F deg. F to deg. C deg. C x 9/5 + 32 = deg. F (deg. F - 32) x 5/9 = deg. C

TABLES OF METRIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

In the metric system of measurement, designations of multiples and sub-divisions of any unit may be arrived at by combining with the name of the unit the prefixes deka, hecto, and kilo meaning, respectively, 10, 100, and 1000, and deci, centi, and milli, meaning, respectively, one-tenth, onehundredth, and one-thousandth. In some of the following metric tables, some such multiples and sub-

divisions have not been included for the reason that these have little, if any currency in actual usage. In certain cases, particularly in scientific usage, it becomes convenient to provide for multiples larger than 1 000 and for subdivisions smaller than one-thousandth. Accordingly, the following prefixes have been introduced and these are now generally recognized:

yotta, zetta, exa, peta, tera, giga, mega, kilo, hecto, deka,

(Y), (Z), (E), (P), (T), (G), (M), (k), (h), (da),

meaning 10 21 meaning 10 18 meaning 10 15 meaning 10 12 meaning 10 9 meaning 10 6 meaning 10 3 meaning 10 2 meaning 10 1 meaning 10

24

deci, centi, milli, micro, nano, pico, femto, atto, zepto, yocto,

(d), (c), (m), (u), (n), (p), (f), (a), (z), (y),

meaning 10 -2 meaning 10 -3 meaning 10 -6 meaning 10 -9 meaning 10 -12 meaning 10 -15 meaning 10 -18 meaning 10 -21 meaning 10 -24 meaning 10

-1

Units of Length 10 millimeters (mm) 10 centimeters 10 decimeters 10 meters 10 dekameters 10 hectometers = 1 centimeter (cm) = 1 decimeter (dm) = 100 millimeters = 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters = 1 dekameter (dam) = 1 hectometer (hm) = 100 meters = 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters

Units of Area 100 square millimeters (mm2) 100 square centimeters 100 square decimeters 100 square meters 100 square dekameters 100 square hectometers = 1 square centimeter (cm2) = 1 square decimeter (dm2) = 1 square meter (m2) = 1 square dekameter (dam2) = 1 are = 1 square hectometer (hm2) = 1 hectare (ha) = 1 square kilometer (km2)

Units of Liquid Volume 10 milliliters (mL) 10 centiliters 10 deciliters 10 liters 10 dekaliters 10 hectoliters = 1 centiliter (cL) = 1 deciliter (dL) = 100 milliliters 1 = 1 liter = 1000 milliliters = 1 dekaliter (daL) = 1 hectoliter (hL) = 100 liters = 1 kiloliter (kL) = 1000 liters Units of Volume 1000 cubic millimeters (mm3) 1000 cubic centimeters 1000 cubic decimeters = 1 cubic centimeter (cm3) = 1 cubic decimeter (dm3) = 1 000 000 cubic millimeters = 1 cubic meter (m3) = 1 000 000 cubic centimeters

= 1 000 000 000 cubic millimeters

Units of Mass 10 milligrams (mg) 10 centigrams 10 decigrams 10 grams 10 dekagrams 10 hectograms 1000 kilograms = 1 centigram (cg) = 1 decigram (dg) = 100 milligrams = 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams = 1 dekagram (dag) = 1 hectogram (hg) = 100 grams = 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams = 1 megagram (Mg) or 1 metric ton(t)

2. TABLES OF U.S. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT2

In these tables where foot or mile is underlined, it is survey foot or U.S. statute mile rather than international foot or mile that is meant.

Units of Length 12 inches (in) 3 feet 16-1/2 feet 40 rods 8 furlongs 1852 meters = 1 foot (ft) = 1 yard (yd) = 1 rod (rd), pole, or perch = 1 furlong (fur) = 660 feet = 1 U.S. statute mile (mi) = 5280 feet = 6076.115 49 feet (approximately) = 1 international nautical mile

Units of Area 144 square inches (in ) 9 square feet 272-1/4 square feet 160 square rods 640 acre 1 mile square 6 miles square
2

= 1 square foot (ft ) 2, = 1 square yard (yd ) = 1296 square inches = 1 square rod (sq rd) = 1 acre = 43 560 square feet 2 = 1 square mile (mi ) = 1 section of land = 1 township = 36 sections = 36 square miles

Units of Volume 1728 cubic inches (in ) 27 cubic feet

3

= 1 cubic foot (ft ) 3 = 1 cubic yard (yd )

Gunter's or Surveyors Chain Units of Measurement 0.66 foot (ft) 100 links = 1 link (li) = 1 chain (ch)

80 chains

= 4 rods = 66 feet = 1 U.S. statute mile (mi) = 320 rods = 5280 feet

Units of Liquid Volume 4 gills (gi) 2 pints 4 quarts

= 1 pint (pt)= 28.875 cubic inches = 1 quart (qt) = 57.75 cubic inches = 1 gallon (gal) = 231 cubic inches = 8 pints = 32 gills

Apothecaries Units of Liquid Volume 60 minims (min or 8 fluid drams 16 fluid ounces ) = 1 fluid dram (fl dr or f ) = 0.225 6 cubic inch = 1 fluid ounce (fl oz or f ) = 1.804 7 cubic inches = 1 pint (pt or ) = 28.875 cubic inches = 128 fluid drams = 1 quart (qt) = 57.75 cubic inches = 32 fluid ounces = 256 fluid drams = 1 gallon (gal) = 231 cubic inches = 128 fluid ounces = 1024 fluid drams

2 pints 4 quarts

Units of Dry Volume 2 pints (pt) 8 quarts 4 pecks

= 1 quart (qt) = 67.200 6 cubic inches = 1 peck (pk) = 537.605 cubic inches = 16 pints = 1 bushel (bu) = 2150.42 cubic inches = 32 quarts

Avoirdupois Units of Mass

[The "grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries units of mass.] 27-11/32 grains 16 drams 16 ounces = 1 dram (dr) = 1 ounce (oz) = 437-1/2 grains = 1 pound (lb) = 256 drams = 7000 grains 7 = 1 hundredweight (cwt) = 1 ton = 2000 pounds7

100 pounds 20 hundredweights

In "gross" or "long" measure, the following values are recognized:

112 pounds 20 gross or long hundredweights

= 1 gross or long hundredweight7 = 1 gross or long ton = 2240 pounds7

Troy Units of Mass [The "grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries units of mass.] 24 grains 20 pennyweights 12 ounces troy = 1 pennyweight (dwt) = 1 ounce troy (oz t)= 480 grains = 1 pound troy (lb t) = 240 pennyweights = 5760 grains

Apothecaries Units of Mass [The "grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries units of mass.] 20 grains 3 scruples 8 drams apothecaries 12 ounces apothecaries = 1 scruple (s ap or ) = 1 dram apothe-caries (dr ap or = 60 grains = 1 ounce apothecaries (oz ap or = 24 scruples = 480 grains = 1 pound apothecaries (lb ap) = 96 drams apothecaries

) )

TABLES OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENT (all underlined figures are exact) Units of Length - International Measure8

Units of Length - Survey Measure8

Units of Area - International Measure9 (all underlined figures are exact)

Units of Area - Survey Measure9

Units of Volume (all underlined figures are exact)

Units of Capacity or Volume - Dry Volume Measure

Units of Capacity or Volume - Liquid Volume Measure (all underlined figures are exact)

Units of Mass Not Less Than Avoirdupois Ounces (all underlined figures are exact)

Units of Mass Not Greater Than Pounds or Kilograms (all underlined figures are exact)

Table of Measures

Apothecaries 1 scruple = 20 grains 1 dram = 3 scruples 1 ounce = 8 drams 1 pound = 12 ounces Avoirdupois 1 ounce = 16 drams 1 pound = 16 ounces 1 hundredweight = 100 pounds 1 ton = 2,000 pounds 1 long ton = 2,240 pounds Dry Measure 2 pints = 1 quart 4 quarts = 1 gallon 2 gallons = 1 peck 4 pecks = 1 bushel Liquid Measure 4 gills = 1 pint 2 pints = 1 quart 4 quarts = 1 gallon 63 gallons = 1 hogshead 2 hogsheads = 1 pipe or butt 2 pipes = 1 tun

Linear Measure 1 foot = 12 inches 1 yard = 3 feet 1 rod = 5 1/2 yards 1 mile = 320 rods 1 mile = 1,760 yards 1 mile = 5,280 feet 1 international nautical mile = 6,076.1155 feet 1 knot = 1 nautical mile per hour 1 furlong = 1/8 mile 1 furlong = 660 feet 1 furlong = 220 yards 1 league = 3 miles 24 furlongs = 3 miles 1 fathom = 2 yards 1 chain = 100 links 100 links = 22 yards 1 link = 7.92 inches 1 hand = 4 inches 1 span = 9 inches Square Measure 1 square foot = 144 inches 1 square yard = 9 square feet 1 square rod = 30 1/4 square yards = 272 1/4 square feet 1 acre = 160 square rods = 43,560 square feet 1 square mile = 640 acres = 102,400 square rods 1 square rod = 625 square links 1 square chain = 16 square rods 1 acre = 10 square chains

Area Conversion Table

This is an online area conversion table which provides conversion factors between various commonly used units of area measurement. It consists of following common area units: square centimeter (cm2), square meter (m2), hectare (ha), square kilometer (km2), square inch (in2), square feet/foot (ft2), square yard (yd2), square mile (mi2) and acre (ac).

Area Conversion Table (Common Area Units)

square square square square centim hectare square square square mile meter kilometer foot/feet eter (ha) inch (in2) yard (yd2) (mi2) (m2) (km2) (ft2) (cm2) 1 squar e centi 1 mete r (cm2 ) acre (ac)

0.155000 0.0001195 0.00000000003 0.000000024 0.00000 0.000000 0.0010763 3100006 990046301 861021585478 71053814671 0.0001 001 0001 91041671 2 1 1 7

1 squar e 10000 1 mete r (m2)

0.0001 0.000001

1550.003 10.763910 1.1959900 0.00000038610 0.000247105 1000062 41671 463011 215854781 38146717

1 hecta 10000 10000 1 re 0000 (ha) 1 squar 10000 10000 e 00000 100 00 kilom 0 eter (km2

0.01

1550003 107639.10 11959.900 0.00386102158 2.471053814 1.000062 41671 463011 54781 6717

1550003 10763910. 1195990.0 0.38610215854 247.1053814 100.0062 41671 463011 781 6717

) 1 squar 0.00000 0.000000 0.0006 e 006451 0006451 1 6.4516 4516 inch 6 6 (in2) 1 squar 0.00000 0.000000 e 929.03 0.0929 929030 0929030 144 foot/ 04 0304 4 4 feet (ft2) 1 squar 0.00008 0.000000 8361.2 0.8361 e 361273 8361273 1296 736 2736 yard 6 6 (yd2)

0.0069444 0.0007716 0.00000000024 0.000000159 44444444 049382716 909766860871 42250790736 4

0.1111111 0.00000003587 0.000022956 1111111 0064279654 841138659

0.00000032283 0.000206611 057851688 57024793

1 squar 25899 25899 258.998 2.589988 4014489 27878399. 3097599.9 e 88110 88.110 1 81103 1103 599.9442 999612 999569 mile 3 3 (mi2) 1 40468 4046.8 0.40468 0.004046 acre 564.22 56422 6272640 43560 564224 8564224 (ac) 4 4

639.9999999 911

4840

0.00156250000 1 00217

To use this Area Conversion Table, please consider to have a look at the examples bellow,

Value in the cell of 4 th row and 3 rd column of the area conversion table is 10000. This means 1 hectare = 10000 square meter. Value in the cell of 10 th row and 7 th column of the area conversion table is 43560. This means 1 acre = 43560 square feet.

Note: All area conversion factors are not exact and some of them are rounded to limit the number of digits. Also the area conversion factor for same area unit may vary based on the country, customery and context of use.

Metric Chart (Metric Table)

The following tables show some of the more common measures, and the conversion between larger and smaller units. The left hand tables show the units for the metric system while the right hand tables show for the Imperial and USA measurement systems. For measures where the Imperial units are different from the USA units (e.g. for gallons) this is noted. Metric length Imperial/USA Length 10 millimeters 10 centimeters 10 decimeters 10 meters 10 decameters = 1 centimeter = 1 decimeter = 1 meter = 1 decameter = 1 hectometer 12 inches 3 feet 22 yards 10 chains 8 furlongs = 1 foot = 1 yard = 1 chain = 1 furlong = 1 mile (5280 feet)

10 hectometers = 1 kilometer (1000 meters)

Metric area 100 square mm = 1 square centimeter

Imperial/USA area 144 square inches 9 square feet 4840 square yards 640 acres = 1 square foot = 1 square yard = 1 acre = 1 square mile

10000 square cm = 1 square meter 100 square m 100 ares 100 hectares = 1 are = 1 hectare = 1 square kilometer = 1000000 square meters

The Imperial and USA systems have the same definition of the pound and the same definition of the ounce. However, the Imperial system uses the "stone", which is not used in the USA system. In the Imperial systems a "hundredweight" is not a hundred pounds but is equal to 8 stones, giving a weight of 112 pounds (8 * 14 pounds). Likewise, the Imperial "ton" is defined as 20 "hundredweight", given a weight of 2240 pounds (20 * 112 pounds). Therefore, when speaking of a hundredweight or a ton, one needs to know whether it is the Imperial version of these measures or the USA version. Metric mass Imperial/USA weight 1000 grams = 1 kilogram 16 ounces 14 pounds = 1 pound = 1 stone (UK)

1000 kilograms = 1 ton

8 stones (UK)

= 1 hundredweight (UK) = 112 pounds (UK)

100 pounds 20 hundredweight (UK)

= 1 hundredweight (USA) = 1 ton (UK) = 2240 pounds

20 hundredweight (USA) = 1 ton (USA) = 2000 pounds The Imperial and USA systems use similar terms for liquid capacity, but the relationships of the units are not the same. The Imperial system has 5 fluid ounces to a gill, while the USA system has 4 fluid ounces to a gill. This means that the gill and all multiples of it (e.g. cup, pint, quart, gallon) are all larger in the Imperial system than in the USA system. The Imperial fluid ounce (equal to 28.413 062 5 milliliters) is slightly smaller than the USA fluid ounce (equal to 29.573 529 562 5 milliliters). Within the UK, the Imperial "tablespoon" is officially defined as 5/8 of a fluid ounce and a teaspoon is 1/24 of a gill. However, in other Imperial countries the tablespoon is often defined as half an ounce and the teaspoon as one third of a tablespoon. For ease of use, we've used these simpler definitions in the following table. For our metric calculators, the official UK definitions are used. In general, there are multiple interpretations of the exact value of teaspoon, tablespoon and cup (see Cooking Converter for further discussion of this point). Metric capacity Imperial liquid capacity 10 mililiters 10 centiliters 10 deciliters 1000 liters = 1 centilitre = 1 decilitre = 1 litre = 1 cubic meter 2 teaspoons 3 teaspoons 2 tablespoons 5 fluid ounces 2 gills 2 cups = 1 dessertspoon = 1 tablespoon = 1 fluid ounce = 1gill = 1 cup = 1 pint = 20 fluid ounces 2 pints 4 quarts USA liquid capacity 3 teaspoons 2 tablespoons 4 fluid ounces = 1 tablespoon = 1 fluid ounce = 1 gill = 1 quart = 1 gallon

2 gills 2 cups

= 1 cup = 1 pint 16 fluid ounces

2 pints 4 quarts

= 1 quart = 1 gallon

Metric Conversion We provide a metric system converter and conversion table for all common conversions at Quick Metric Converter. Related topics are provided at Metric System Conversion.