Grammar explanation/ Rima Chikhani EL-099

Units 1, 2 & 3 -

Getting to know you / the way we live / it all went wrong

Objectives: Revision of all the tense (Present/ Past/ Future) and Have / Have got.

Present Tense 1- Present Simple: expresses a habit, something always true and something true for a long time. A habit, such as: Ricky starts work at 7 oclock everyday. (+) Ricky doesnt start work at 7 oclock everyday.(-) When does Ricky start work everyday? (?) Does Ricky start work at 7 oclock everyday? (Yes/no?) Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. Always true, such as: The moon orbits around the Earth. (+) The Earth doesnt orbit around the moon. (-) Which planet orbits around the Earth? (?) Does the moon orbit around the earth? (Yes/no?) Yes, it does. True for a long time, such as: We study at university. (+) We dont study at university. (-) Where do you study? (?) Do you study at university? (Yes/No?) Yes, we do. No, we dont. Note: The Present Simple of a verb is always in the base form when used with the pronouns I, YOU, WE, THEY. However, when used with the pronouns HE, SHE and IT, the verb ends with -s, -es or ies. Example: Work - Works / Take - Takes Brush - Brushes / Catch - Catches Study - Studies / Marry - Marries 2- Present Continuous (progressive): expresses an activity happening at the moment and an activity that is going to happen in the near future. Structure: To be + Verb + -ing Activity happening now or around now, such as: Eva is improving her Spanish language online. (+) Eva isnt improving her Spanish language online. (-) How is Eva improving her Spanish language? (?) Is Eva improving her Spanish language online? (Yes/no?) Yes, she is. No, she isnt.

Tom is taking a shower now. (+) Tom isnt taking a shower right now. (-) Where is Tom doing? (?) Is Tom having a shower? (Yes/no?) Yes, he is. No, he isnt. Near future planned activity, such as: We are eating at a fancy restaurant tonight. (+) We arent eating at a fancy restaurant tonight. (-) Where are you eating tonight? (?) Are you eating at a fancy restaurant tonight? (Yes/no?) Yes, we are. No, we arent.

Note: The infinitive of a verb is: To + Base Form verb, such as: To speak. The Base Form of a verb is: Infinitive without To, such as: speak.

Past Tenses 1- Past Simple: expresses an activity happened before now. Ago expresses the past and means before now. There are 2 types of verbs in the Past Simple: Regular verbs & irregular verbs. Regular verbs always follow the rule. However, irregular verbs dont. Rule: Regular verbs: The rule says that verbs end with ed, -d or -ied. Example: Walk - walked / talk - talked Move - Moved / Live - Lived Cry - Cried / Try - Tried Irregular verbs: p.143 + paper Example: Think - Thought / Bring - Brought Am, Is, Are - Was, Were / Seek - Sought

Note: Difference between the Past Simple and the Present Perfect: They basically both express an activity happened in the past, or sometimes before. However, when the past time expression is mentioned in the sentence the past Simple is used, and when it isnt, then the Present perfect is used. Example: I travelled to Mexico three years ago. (Past) I have travelled to Mexico. (Present Perfect)

The Present perfect expresses mainly more than an activity happened sometimes before now, but we arent going through the whole rule in these 2 units.

Future Forms 1- To be + Going to + Base Form verb It expresses a decision made before the moment of speaking. Such as: I am going to finish my assignment this evening. (+) I am not going to finish my assignment this evening. (-) When are you going to finish your assignment? (?) Are you going to finish your assignment this evening? (yes/ no ?) Yes, I am. No, Im not. 2- Will + Base Form verb It expresses a decision made at the moment of speaking. Such as: (The phone is ringing). I will answer the phone. (+) <Short form of will not= wont > I will not answer the phone. (-) Who will answer the phone? (?) Will you answer the phone? (yes/no?) Yes, I am. No, Im not. Reminder: Verbs used in the Present simple and Past Simple use the auxiliary verb (helper) To do in Negative sentences and Questions.

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Question words and their functions What information about something for repetition or confirmation. What is your name? What for asking for a Reason, asking why. What did you do that for? When asking about Time. When did she leave? Where asking about a Place or Position. Where do they live? Which asking about a Choice. Which color do you want? Who asking about or which Person/People (subject). Who opened the door? Whom asking about what or which Person/People (object). Whom did you see? Whose asking about Ownership/Possession. Whose are these keys? Why asking for a Reason (What for). Why do you say that? Why dont making a Suggestion. Why dont I help you? How about Manner. How does this work? About Condition or Quality. How was your exam? 12- How + adjective/adverb about extent or degree. Example: - How far asking about Distance. How far is Dhahran from Dammam? - How long asking about Length (time or space). How long will it take? - How many Quantity (countable). How many cars do you have?

- How much Quantity (uncountable). How much money do you have On you? - How old asking about Age. How old are you? - How come asking for a Reason, asking why (informal). How come I Cant see her? Have / Have got Have and have got have the same meaning, except that Have got is used with spoken British English language, and Have is used with Formal writing. However, they differ grammatically. Have: In the Present Simple: Positive I have He has She has It has You have We have They have

Negative dont have doesnt have doesnt have doesnt have dont have dont have dont have

Have got: In the present Simple: Positive Negative I have got havent got He has got hasnt got She has got hasnt got It has got hasnt got You have got havent got We have got havent got They have got havent got Note: The past simple of have and have got is just Had.