Comparison of Different Connection On Autonomous Power System Single Phase SEIG

I.

Steinmeitz Connection
4 V Va 3

Zl

Vc

1 7 Vb

2 6

Figure 1, Steinmetz Connection

V = Va Va + Vb + Vc = 0 I2 = Vb/Zc = Ic Ib I = Ia Ic = -V/Zl Where Zl =

1 2 3 4

Rl + jXl a
j /6

a = per unit frequency

Zn) 3 ZpZn + ZpZc + ZnZc Zp ( Zc + e

Vp = Vn =
Where

3V 3V

ZpZn + ZpZc + ZnZc 3Zc + Zp + Zn

Zp = positive sequence impedance of generator Zn = negative sequence impedance of generator

Zc =

1 (complex impedance of excitation capacitance at base j * 2* * fbase * C * a 2

10

frequency)

Input impedance of IG across terminals 1 and 3 is given by

Zin = Rin + jXin =

ZpZn + ZpZc + ZnZc 3Zc + Zp + Zn

11

Figure 2, Simplified Steinmetz Connection

Applying Kirchoffs law

I(Zl + Zin) = 0
For successful voltage build up I 0, hence

12

Zin + Zl = 0
a and Xm are determined by following optimization equation:

13

Minimize Z (a, Xm) = Constraints :

( Rin +

Rl 2 ) + ( Xin + Xl ) 2 a

14

0<a<b 0 < Xm < Xmu

Where Xmu = unsaturated value of magnetizing reactance

Input impedance generator Zin viewed across terminals 1 and 2 is determined as follows:

Zin = Rin + jXin =

ZpZn + ZpZl + ZnZl 3Zl + Zp + Zn

15

Succesfull voltage build-up requires sum of impedance in mesh 1267 to be equal to zero

Zin + Zc = 0
Equation 16 is split to real and imaginary

16

Rin (a) = 0 Xin(a) Where

17 18

Xc =0 a2

Xc =

1 j * 2* * fbase * C

II.

Smith Connection

Figure 3, Smith Connection

Input impedance Zin across terminals 1-3 is given by:

Zin = Rin + jXin =

Where

Yp + Yn + 3Y 1 + 2Y 2 2Y 1Y 2 + (Yp + Yn)(Y 1 + Y 2) + YpYn

19

Y1 = j * a 2 * 2* * fbase * C1

20

Y2 = j * a 2 * 2* * fbase * C 2 Y3 = j * a 2 * 2* * fbase * C 3
Value of a and Xm is determined by minimizing following function

21 22

Z(a, Xm) =

Rl + Rin) 2 + ( Xl + Xin) 2 a

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III.

Asymmetric

Connected

Impedance

and

Excitation

Capacitance SEIG

Figure 4, Asymmetric Connected Impedances and Excitation Capacitances SEIG

Voltage across terminals 1-3 is determined as follows:

V=

Vp Y 1 + Y 2 + Yp + Yn (h h 2 ) hY 2 + (h h 2 )Yn h 2Y 1 3

24

Where

h = ej 2 / 3

I3 =

Vp (Y 1 + Y 2)(Yp + Yn) + 3YpYn + Y 1Y 2 (h h 2 ) hY 2 + (h h 2 )Yn h 2Y 1 3

25

Figure 5, Simplified Asymmetric Connected Impedances and Excitation Capacitances Connection

Input impedance Zin viewed across terminals 1-3 is: Zin = Y 1 + Y 2 + Yp + Yn (Y 1 + Y 2)(Yp + Yn) + 3YpYn + Y 1Y 2 26

For successful voltage build-up Z3 + Zin = 0 Equation 27 is solved using optimization technique as follows: 27

Z (a, Xm) = ( R3 + Rin) 2 + ( X 3 + Xin) 2

28

IV.

Self Regulated SEIG (SRSEIG)

Figure 6, Self Regulated SEIG (SRSEIG)

Input impedance Zin viewed across terminals 1-3 is: Zin = ZpZn + ZpZsh + ZnZsh 3Zsh + Zp + Zn 29

Where Zsh = Zse = 1 = jXsh j * 2* * fbase * Csh * a 2 1 = jXse j * 2* * fbase * Cse * a 2 30 31

Solution is minimize of following function minimize Z (a, Xm) = ( Rin +

Rl 2 ) + ( Xin + Xl Xse) 2 a

32