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vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 47

(u)

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó

vlwdkif; odapcsifygonf

aus;Zl;awmf&Sif
"r®'lwq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
(t*¾r[mo'¨ra® Zmwdu"Z)
(t*¾r[m "r®uxdu)
(yd#uwå,yg&*l) (0do|d 'DCbmPu)
(omoe"Z od&yD 0& "r®mp&d,)
\ wynfh
"r®'lw t&SifaqudE´
(omoe"Z "r®mp&d,)
(o'¨ra® eykn "r®mp&d,)
(omoeaZmwdygv "r®mp&d,)
A.G.T.I. (Civil)
a&;om;onf/
48 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

pmrlciG jhf yKcsut f rSwf -55^98 (9)


rsuEf mS zHk;cGijhf yKcsutf rSwf -54^98 (9)
wefzkd; - "r®'ge
tkyaf & - (1000)

xkwaf 0olvyd pf m
a':a&Ttrd f
wdki;f vif;pmaywku d f (01299) 8^65?
tkypf k (3)? atmifo'd ¨v d rf;? apmfbGm;BuD;
uke;f ? tif;pdeNf rdKUe,f? &efukeNf rdKU/

yHEk ydS o
f l
a':usiv f iId f
ausmah tmifatmhzq f uf (03249)
trSwf (78)? 44-vrf;? Adkvw f axmif
NrdKUe,f? &efukeNf rdKU/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 49
(*)

vlwkdi;f odapvdkaom oabmw&m;rsm;

1/ vlom;awGtm;vHk;eJYoufqkdiw f Jhupd ö 1
2/ aoenf;? aeenf;? tm;xkwef nf;
[m twlwlygyJ 4
3/ pdwf qdkwm 6
4/ pdwf txifeJY vufcHvkduyf gw,f 10
5/ *½krpdkuv f kdY aysmufaewJhoabmyg 15
6/ tm½Hkaumif;udk ajymif;wJhenf; 17
7/ 'DoHk;rsdK; pHknDrS vG,u f lygw,f 19
8/ qifjcifwJhenf; qdkwm 21
9/ tm½Hkukd wku d ½f kduMf unfhwJhenf; 26
10/ oHk;oyfwJhenf;rSm 28
11/ ynmÓPf a&mufvmawmh 32
12/ ½kyjf rifoHMum;udk MunfhwhJtcg 36
13/ Munfhr&S?d jrifr&Sd 40
14/ 0dyóem ÓPftppf 40
50 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf
(C)
qE´rGef

aus;Zl;awmf&Sif "r®'lwq&mawmfBuD; vGef


awmfrlcJhonfrSm ig;vausmfí ESpfq,fhESpf&uf
odkYa&mufcJhygNyD/
q&mawmfBuD;udk aeYpOfaeYwkid ;f owd&aerd
ygonf/ ,aeYxufwkid f rarhEkid yf g/ rdrd ouf&Sd
xif&Sm;&Sad eoa&GU arhaysmufEkid rf nfvnf; r[kwf
yg/ od k Y t wG u f ]"r® o wd å t m;enf ; í rajz
azsmufEkdi}f [k qdkacsu qdkEkid yf gonf/ ]ydkuJvGe;f
onf} [k ajymvdku ajymEdkiyf gonf/
q&mawmfBuD;udk owd&aeonfrSm q&m
awmfBuD;\ *kPaf us;Zl;awGukd owd&jcif; jzpfyg
onf/ &wemoHk;yg;wdkY\ *kPaf us;Zl;wdkYukd owd&
aeovdk aus;Zl;awmf&Sif "r®'lwq&mawmfBuD;\
*kPfaus;Zl;awmfwdkYudk owd& trSwf&aejcif;
jzpfygonf/ q&mawmfBuD;\ *kPfaus;Zl;wkdYudk
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 51
(i)
rdro d nf onfb0? onfcE¨mjzifh aus>yefatmif
rem;wrf;? rtm;wrf; aus;Zl;qyfaomfvnf;
ukeEf kid rf nfrxif? axmifaomif;yHk\ wpfyHkrQyif
qyfEkid rf nf r[kwyf gacs/
aus;Zl;qyfí aus>yefonf? raus>yefonf
u y"mer[kwf/ aus;Zl;odí aus;Zl;qyfjcif;
omvQif rdr\ d tvkyjf zpfygonf/
rdru d omoemh0efxrf;? &[ef;awmf? pmay
ydkYcsonf/ w&m;"r® a[mMum;onf/ ur®|mef;
w&m;oifjyay;onf/ Ak'w ¨ &m;pmay a&;om;onf
ponfjzifh Ekid o f a&GU omoemhwm0efukd xrf;&Guf
ygonf/
rdr\ d omoemh0efxrf; &[ef;awmfb0udk
"r®'lwq&mawmfBuD;yif a&muf&Sad tmif csD;ajr§muf
cJhygonf/ pma&;? pmcs? w&m;a[m? w&m;jy
vkyif ef;wdku Y kd q&mawmfBuD;uyif oifay;ygonf/
wku d wf Ge;f cJhonf/ aqmif&Guaf pcJhygonf/
þíþrQ a&wGufrukefEdkifaom aus;Zl;
52 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf
(p)
awmfwkdYukd od&Sed m;vnfí jyefqyfvkdonf&Sad omf
q&mawmfBuD; jzpfapcsifovdk omoemawmfü
aexdkiof nfu taumif;qHk;om[k oabmayguf
rdygonf/ q&mawmfBuD; jzpfapcsio f vdk qdkonf
rSm wpfjcm;r[kwf? q&mawmfBuD;udk,fwkdifyif
a&SUaqmifvrf;jytjzpf aevnf;aejycJNh yD;? oifvnf;
oifjycJhNyD;? wku
d wf Ge;f vnf; wdkuwf Ge;f cJhNyD;acsNyD/
q&mawmfBuD;onf w&m;pcef;? w&m;
oifwef;? w&m;yGJaygif; rsm;pGm&Sad eygvsuf aeYn
rtm; omoemhwm0ef tvkyfrsm;Mum;rS usrf;
pmtkyfaygif;rsm;pGmudk a&;om;jyKpkcJhygonf/
w&m;pcef;? w&m;yGJ? te,fe,ft&yf&yfwdkYü
jzpfovdk? BuHKovdk oDwif;oHk;NyD; tESpo f m&&Sad om
"r®usr;f pmrsm;udk a&;om;jyKpkawmfrlcJhygonf/
rdrvd nf; wwfpGr;f Ekid o
f rQ xdkokdYom aqmif
&Gu&f rnf? aqmif&Guo f ifhonf[k oabmaygufyg
onf/
wpfaeY q&mawmfBuD;\ oDwif;oHk;azmf
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 53
(q)
jzpfcJhzl;onfh q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;u ]t&Sif
bk&m;- aq;½Hkwuf&avmufatmif tema&m*g
jyif;jyif;xefxef cHpm;ae&wJh &[ef;awmfawG?
&Sio
f mraPawG? vlyk*¾Kd vfawG&SMd uygw,f/ tJ'D
yk*¾Kd vfawG twGuf em;vnfvG,Nf yD; xdxad &muf
a&muf aus;Zl;rsm;wJh ½IyGm;enf; pmtkyfi,f
wpftkyaf vmuf a&;ay;ygvm;? tema&m*gvnf;
oufom? aysmufvnf;aysmufuif;? w&m;vnf;
odoGm;wmaygY} vdkY avQmufxm;onfukd Mum;cJhzl;
ygonf/
q&mawmfBuD;uvnf; jyefvnfred YfMum;chJí
od&NyD; ,ckwkdif xdkokdYaom usr;f pmtkyif ,frsKd ;
ra&;om;rdao;onfukdvnf; owdxm;rdygonf/
q&mawmfBuD;\ aus;Zl;udk q&mawmfBuD;
jzpfapcsifonfh yHkpHrsdK;jzifh omoemhtvkyfwkdYudk
qufvufaqmif&Gufaomtm;jzifh tkwfwpfcsyf?
oJwpfyGihf aus;Zl;qyfyg\/
þpmtkyfonf aus;Zl;awmf&Sif "r®'lw
54 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf
(Z)
q&mawmfBuD;\ *kPaf us;Zl;awmf t&dyf at;jrrIrS
aygufzGm;vmcJhaom tusdK;qufaumif; wpfck
rQom jzpfygonf/
þpmtkyu f kd zwf½I&ojzifh todÓPf trsKd ;
rsKd ; wdk;yGm;cJhonf&Sad omf "r®'lwq&mawmfBuD;\
*kPaf us;Zl;wdkYukd tm½HkjyKvsuf q&mawmfBuD;\
qHk;r oGefoifcsufrsm;om jzpfonf[k oabm
ayguf rSw, f lapcsiyf gonf/

"r®'lwt&SifaqudE´
"r®'lwawm&
awmifpGe;f ? bD;vif;NrdKUe,f?
rGefjynfe,f/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 1

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó

vlwikd ;f odapcsiyf gonf

avmuBuD;rSm bmoma&;,HkMunfrI &Sw d Jhol


awGyJ jzpfjzpf? ,HkMunfrI r&Sw
d Jh olawGyJ jzpfjzpf?
Ak'¨bmom0ifawGyJ jzpfjzpf? wjcm;bmom0ifawGyJ
jzpfjzpf avmuBuD;twGi;f &Sad eMuwJh vlom;awG
tm;vHk;eJY oufqkdifwJhudpö? vlom;awGtm;vHk;
BudKwifox d m;&r,fh oabmw&m;awGyg/
owå0gwdkif; owå0gwdkif; arG;zGm;vm
uwnf;u wpfaeYaeY wpfcsdefcsdefrSm ao&r,fh
oabmudkawmh awGU&? BuHK&? a&mufMu&OD;rSmyg/
ao&r,fhtcsdef? aocgeD;tcsdefudk t"duxm;
ajymcsifayr,fh aoa&;? aea&;? w&m;tod&&SdzdkY
tm;xkwaf &; qdkwmawGu todÓPftm;jzifhawmh
twlwlygyJ/
todÓPfeyYJ wfoufwhJ udpq ö kad wmh owå0g
2 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

wdki;f ? vlwkdi;f eJY roufqkdiaf wmhbJ todÓPf&Sw d Jh


vlom;awGeJYom oufqkdifw,fvdkY 'Doabmudk
t&ifem;vnf xm;apcsiyf gw,f/
b0wpfck&JU ed*Hk;? aoqHk;&r,fhtcsdefeD;wJh
tcgrSm vlom;wdki;f [m tema&m*gqdk;BuD;awGeJY
rawGUcsiMf ubl;/ rBuHKcsiMf ubl;/ wu,fvkdY tem
a&m*gqdk;? qif;&J'ku©BuD;awGeJY awGUBuHKcJh&ifvnf;
oufawmifhoufom at;at;aq;aq;eJYyJ aeEdkif
csiMf uw,f/ aoEkid cf siMf uw,f/ aewwf? ao
wwf? tm;xkww f wfcsiMf uw,f/ tm;xkww f wf
csiMf uw,fvkdY qkv d kdwmyg/
aowJhtcg oufawmifhoufom at;at;
aq;aq; aoEkid af tmif? aowwfatmifqkdwmu
aewJhtcgrSm aewwfatmif tckuwnf;u enf;
vrf;awG odxm;&r,f/ aewwf&r,f/ tJ'Dvdk
aewwfzdkYtwGuf enf;vrf;qdkwmu w&m;tm;
xkwef nf;udk ac:w,f/ BudK;vnf; BudK;pm;xm;
wwf&r,f/
w&m; tm;xkww f ,f? w&m; &Smw,fqkdwm
aoenf; wwfatmif? aeenf; wwfatmif tm;
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 3

xkwef nf; wwfatmif oifaeMuwmyg/


wcsKd Uu rxl;vJ aor,fhtwlwl aocsif
ovdkaouGm? bmrQ*½krpdkub f l;vdkY ajymw,f qdk
wwfMuygw,f/ wu,fwrf; aowJhtcgusawmh
]tr,fav;? tbav;}toHxu G vf kyYd jJ zpfjzpf? toH
rxGub f J raocsiaf o;vdkY? rao&Jao;vdkY Budwf
rSw
d cf pH m;NyD;jzpfjzpf raowwf? aowwfeYJ aooGm;
Muwmrsm;ygw,f/ raowwf? aowwf r[kwf
ygbl;/ raowwfbJukd aooGm;Mu&wm trsm;
BuD;yg/
Ak'¨omoemrSm bk&m;&Siu f b,fvkd t&G,?f
b,fvkdyk*¾Kv d rf qdk i,fi,fBuD;BuD; ao&ifvnf;
csrf;csrf;omom aowwfatmif? ae&ifvnf;
csr;f csr;f omom aewwfatmif? tm;xkw&f ifvnf;
csrf;csrf;omom tm;xkwfwwfatmif enf;pepf
awGukd aoaocsmcsm enf;ay;vrf;jy ñTejf yawmfrl
cJhygw,f/
bk&m;&Sif ñTejf ywJhenf;rSm aocgeD;tcsed rf Sm
enf;wpfrsKd ;? aewJhtcg enf;wpfrsKd ;? tm;xkww f Jh
tcsed rf mS enf;wpfrsKd ;vdkY wpfo;D wpfjcm;pD r&Syd gbl;/
4 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

aoenf;? aeenf;? tm;xkwef nf;awG[m twlwl


ygyJ/ b,fae&m? b,ftcsed yf Jjzpfjzpf BuHKovdk
aowwf? aewwf? tm;xkww f wfwmudk ajymwm
yg/
aoenf;aeenf; tm;xkwfenf;[m twl
wlygyJvkdY ajymcJhovdk tema&m*g qk;d &Gm;jyif;xef
wJth cg&,f? tema&m*g oufomwJt h cg&,fqkw d m
uvnf; tema&m*gtaeeJYuawmh twlwlygyJ/
]qdk;0g;w,f? oufomw,f} qdkwJhoabmESpcf kom
rwlwmyg/ 'guvnf; vlawGu owfrSwx f m;wJh
owfrw S cf sujf zpfvkYd rwlwmyJqkw
d m yxr oabm
aygufxm;apcsifygw,f/
b,ftaMumif;udk rlwnfNyD; 'DvkdowfrSwf
xm;MuovJqkd&if vlawG&JU cE¨mudk,x f JrSm rmrI?
aysmhrI? wif;rI? avsmhrI? ylrI? at;rI? vIyrf I? Nidrrf I
qdkwJh oabmawG &SMd uygw,f/ 'DoabmawGu
udk,af umifBuD;eJYqufpyfNyD; wpfrsKd ;r[kwf wpfrsKd ;
qdkovdk trsKd ;aygif;rsm;pGm rodromwpfrsKd ;? odod
omom xifxif&Sm;&Sm; wpfrsKd ;qdkovdk trsKd ;rsKd ;
jzpfaeMuygw,f/ a[m-wpfrsdK; a[m-wpfrsdK;
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 5

qdkovdk r&yfrem; azmufjyef ajymif;vJaeMuyg


w,f/
'Dvkod abmawGukd ygVdpmayu ]½ly}H ? jrefrm
vdk ]½ky}f vdkYac:ygw,f/ t"dyÜm,fuawmh vlawG
owfrSwo f d odxm;wJh rm? aysmh? wif;? avsmh? yl?
at;? vIy?f Nidrf qdkwmawG tNrJrjywf w&pyf
jzpfay: ajymif;vJaeMuw,fqkdwJh oabmyg/
rm&if? wif;&if? yl&if? vIy&f if? 'DoabmawG
ydkNyD;xif&Sm;ae&if emw,f? usiw f ,f? udkuw f ,f?
cJw,f? atmifhw,f? xk;d w,f? rcHombl;? raeom
bl;? taeqdk;w,f? a&m*gqdk;w,fvkdY owfrSwf
Muygw,f/ tema&m*gBuD;w,f? qdk;0g;w,fvkdY
'DvkdyJ ajymMu? qdkMuwmaygh/
aysm&h if? avsm&h if? at;&if? Nidr&f if 'Doabm
awG odomxif&Sm;cJh&if rembl;? rusib f l;? rudkuf
bl;? cHomw,f? aeomw,f? tema&m*g rqdk;0g;
bl;? oufomw,fvkYd owfrw S Mf uygw,f/ 'Dvkjd zpf
ae&if aemufqHk; bmtema&m*grQ r&Sdygbl;vdkY
awmif ajymwwf? qdkwwfMuygw,f/
wu,fwrf;u tema&m*gqdkwm ½kyo f abm
6 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

awG wpfckck vGeu f Jwmudk? xif&Sm;wmudk ac:Mu


wmyg/ 'gayrJh rvGeu f JwJh ½kyv f nf; a&m*gyJ?
vGeu f JhwJh ½kyv f nf; a&m*gygyJ/ rvGeu f J&if cHom
w,f? vGeu f JvkdY wif;? awmifh? rm? yl&if rcHom
bl;vdkY qdkMuwmyg/ pdwu f pGJNyD; cJGjcm;owfrSwf
xm;Muwmaygh/ trSwo f nm&JU tvkyyf g/
cHomw,f? rcHombl; qdkwmu udk,af umif
BuD;&JU jzpfaeorQ ½kyt f m½HkoabmawGukd pdwu f
oabmus&if? rESpo f ufrI rjzpf&if cHomw,f?
aumif;w,f/ wu,fvdkY pdwfu oabmrus?
rBudKuf? rESpo f uf&if rcHombl;? raumif;bl;vdkY
qdkMuwmyg/
udk,ef JYpyfNyD; rcHomwJh ½kyt f m½Hkukd pdwu
f
oabm rus? rcHompdwf jzpfw,f/ cHomwJh
½kytf m½Hkukd pdwu f oabmus? cHompdwjf zpfw,f/
pdwqf kdwmu udk,af umifBuD;eJY qufpyfNyD;
rm? wif;? yl? vIyo f abmawGyJ jzpfjzpf? aysmh?
avsmh? at;? Nidro f abmawGyJ jzpfjzpf 'gawGukd
wpfckr[kwf wpfckqdkovdk odaewwfygw,f/
pdwu f odwwfwJh oabmyJ &Syd gw,f/ odaewwf
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 7

wmu pdwf&JU oabmyg/


'Dpw
d q f dkwJh oabm[m vlwkdi;f vlwkid ;f rSm
&Sad eygw,f/ rSwo f m;xm;rIawGeYJ 'gqdkraumif;bl;?
'D[mqdk aumif;w,fvdkY cJGjcm;NyD; pdwfu odyg
w,f/ 'Dpw d x f rJ mS ygwJh oabmawGuyJ BudKufw,f
-rBudKufbl;qdkwmjzpfNyD;? cHomw,f? rcHombl;?
tema&m*g qdk;0g;w,f? oufomw,fvkYd owf
rSwcf suaf wG xyfqifhNyD; jzpfvm&wmyg/
wu,fawmh tema&m*gqdkwm ½kyo f abm
yg/ tema&m*gBuD;w,fqdkvnf; ½kyfoabm?
ao;w,fqkv d nf; ½kyo f abmygyJ/ xif&mS ;vGe;f tm;
BuD;wJh ½kyfoabmtm½HkrsdK;&Sdovdk rxif&Sm;wJh ½kyf
oabmtm½HkawGvnf; &Sdaeygw,f/ b,fvdkyJ
xif&mS ;xif&mS ; rxif&mS ;&ifae ajczsm;uae qHzsm;
wdkiaf tmif onfukd,af umifBuD;rSm oabmwpfrsKd ;
av;awG wpfrsKd ;av;awG jzpfaewwfygw,f/ 'D
oabmawG[m ½kyo f abmawGyg/ y&rwf wu,fh
t&Sd ½kyfawGaygh/
aemufwpfrsdK; ajymjyygOD;r,f/
aowJh tcsdefrSmjzpfjzpf? aewJh tcsdefrSm jzpf
8 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

jzpf? tm;xkwaf eygw,fqkw d hJ tcsed rf mS jzpfjzpf? pdwf


qdkwmu tm½Hkukd odaeygw,f/ pdwef JYtm½Hk tNrJ
qHkaeMuygw,f/ tcsed w f kdi;f tcsed w f kdi;f rSm tm½HkeJY
pdwf qHkawGUaewJh oabmuawmh twlwlygyJ/
pdwfeJY wGJqHkNyD; jzpfwwfwhJ tm½HkawG&JU
oabmudk ajym&&if-
jrifopd w d f jzpfwJhtcgrSm rsupf ed JY jrif&wJh
tqif;rsKd ;pHk ½kyt f m½Hk?
Mum;odwJhpw d f jzpfwJhtcgrSm em;eJY Mum;&wJh
toHrsKd ;pHk ½kyt f m½Hk?
eHow d Jhpwd f jzpfwJhtcgrSm ESmacgif;eJY ½SL&wJh
teHrsKd ;pHk ½kytf m½Hk?
pm;odwJhpdwf jzpfwJhtcgrSm vQmeJYpm;&wJh
t&omrsdK;pHk ½kyftm½Hk?
udk,fxdodwJhpdwf jzpfwJhtcgrSm udk,feJY
xd&wJh tawGUtxdrsKd ;pHk ½kyt f m½Hk?
pdwfodwwfwJhpdwf jzpfwJhtcgrSm pdwfeJY
pOf;pm;wJh tawG;tBuHrsKd ;pHk ½kyt f m½Hk? emrftm½HkvkdY
'Dvkpd w
d ef YJ tm½HkajcmufrsKd ;? ajcmufpkH cJx G m;Munfyh g/
odvnf; odxm;yg/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 9

tm½Hkukd ajcmufrsKd ;cJGxm;ayr,fh tusO;f csKyf


vdkuf&if tm½Hku ½kyftm½HkeJY emrftm½HkvdkY ESpfrsdK;
yJ&Syd gw,f/ odwwfwJh pdwb f ufuawmh ½Ipw d v
f kdY
ac:Edkiw f Jh emrfqdkwJh oabmwpfrsKd ;yJ &Syd gw,f/
tm½Hb k ufu ESprf sKd ;rSm ud, k af umifBuD;eJY quf
pyfNyD; jzpfaeMuwJh trsKd ;rsKd ;tzHkzkH ½kyt f m½Hku pdwef YJ
pyfNyD;awmh jzpfaewJh emrftm½Hkxuf oabmtm;jzifh
tm½Hk xif&Sm;ygw,f/ odomygw,f/ odvG,?f
jrifvG,?f awGUvG,w f ,fvkdY ajym&rSmaygh/
½kyftm½HkajcmufrsdK;rSmvnf; rsufpd? em;?
ESmacgif;rSm jzpfwJh ½kyftm½HkawGxufpm&if ukd,f
aumif tawGUtxdeJY qufpyfNyD;jzpfaewJh wk;d rI?
xdr?I vIyrf I ½kyt f m½Hku ydkNyD; xif&mS ;w,fvkYd ajym&
rvdk jzpfaeygw,f/ rm? aysmh? wif;? avsmh? yl?
at;? vIy?f Nidrq f dkwJh oabmawGukd ajymwmyg/
'Duk, d ef YJ awGUxw d hJ ½kytf m½Hkoabmcsi;f twl
wlrmS yJ tema&m*g qdk;0g;w,fqkw d hJ tcsed rf mS tm½Hk?
½ky?f tema&m*goabmawGrSm avsmhoabmxuf
wif;oabmu ydkNyD; xif&Sm;aeygw,f/ at;
oabmxuf yloabm? aysmhoabmxuf rm
10 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

oabm? Nidro f abmxuf vIyo f abmawGu ydkNyD;


odomxif&Sm; aewwfygw,f/
'Dxif&Sm;&Sad e jzpfaewJh ½kyo f abmawGukd
pdwuf odNyD;awmh wif;? yl? rm? vIyw f mudk emw,f?
atmifhw,f? cH&cufw,f? roufombl;? wif;
usyNf yD; oHjym;BuD;eJY ywfpnf;xm;ovdk? tpdkit f cJ
BuD;vdkvkd? twHk;vdkuf tvHk;vku d Bf uD;vdkvkd? tyf
zsm;av;awGeJY qwfqwf qwfqwfeJY trsm;BuD;
xdk;qGaeovdk? oHwlBuD;eJY tqufrjywf xkae
ovdk? "m;yg;yg;av;eJY wpfvTmcsi;f wpfvTmcsi;f
yg;yg;vSD;aeovdk qdkwJh txifoabmawG[m pdwf
rSm0ifvmNyD; wu,fr[kwb f J tJ'Dvkad wG jzpfae
wmygvdkY pdwt f xifeJY vufcHvkduyf gw,f/
'gu tema&m*gqdkwJh ½kyo f abm azmuf
jyefrI? wpfrsdK; wpfrsdK;uav;awGjzpfrI oabm
oufoufukd ta&miftqif;? yHkoP²mef? t&G,f
tpm;? tenf;trsm;? tqufrjywf? [dkem;'Dem;
qdkwJh txiftjrif vJGrIaMumifh jzpfvmwJh tzHk;
tum oabmwpfrsKd ;u zHk;uG,v f kduwf myJ/ ½kyf
oabmudk zHk;uG,v f kduw
f Jh 'DtzHk;tumudkvnf;
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 11

pdwu f txifeJY vufcHvku d w


f myg/
tema&m*g qdk;0g;wJhtcsdef pdwfuvnf;
qdk;0g;w,fvkdY owfrSwv f kduwf JhtcgrSm b,folyJ
jzpfjzpf 'Dtm½HkrsKd ;udk rawGUvkd? rjrifvkd? rcHpm;
vdkMuygbl;/ b,folyJjzpfjzpf qdkwmxuf b,f
pdwyf J jzpfjzpfvkdY ajym&if ydkrSeyf gw,f/
oabmruswJhtcg rBudKufwJh a'gopdwf
jzpfw,f? pdwfqif;&JrIjzpfw,f/ rcHpm;vdkwJh
oabm rus? a'greó a0'emoabmvnf;
jzpfvmygw,f/
tema&m*g qdk;0g;cJh&if usef;rma&;t&
tyltat; Owkem? tpm;rSm;vdkY jzpfwJhtem pwJh
a&m*gcJGjcm;ukorI jrefrmwdki;f &if;aq;eJYyJ jzpfjzpf
Edkiif Hjcm;aq;eJYyJ jzpfjzpf ukowm[m ukooifhyg
w,f/ use;f rma&;twGuf aq;ukwm[m vkyo f ifh
wJh tvkyyf g/
w&m;tm;xkww f Jh enf;oabmt& aea&;?
aoa&;? tm;xkwfa&;t& ajym&&if tm½Hk&,f?
pdw&f ,fqkw d hJ oabmESprf sKd ;udkawmh tod rvGwb f J
trSwf&aeapcsifygw,f/
12 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

'DawmhrS tm½Hkaumif;atmifaewJh enf;&,f


pdwfaumif;atmifaewJh enf;&,fudk &Si;f jywJhtcg
oabmayguf em;vnfvG,rf Smyg/
tm½Hkaumif;atmif aewJhenf;&Sdovdk ao
enf;vnf; &Syd gw,f/ tm;xkwef nf;vnf; &Syd g
w,f/ enf;uawmh twlwlygyJ/
tm½Hkaumif;atmifqkdwJh enf;u ,ckvuf
&Sd qdk;0g;wJh tm½Hkukd *½krjyKawmhbJ wpfjcm;tm½Hk
aumif;wpfckukd *½kjyKwJhenf;? Munhw f Jh enf;yg/
'Denf;t& wpfjcm;tm½Hkaumif;qdkwm vuf&dS
tema&m*gqdk; tm½Hkxuf xif&Sm;wJh tm½Hkaumif;
w,fvkdY rdrpd wd fu oabmus vufcHwJh tm½Hkukd
ajymwmyg/ xif&Sm;wJh tm½Hkqkdwmu jyKvkyaf eus
tvkyrf sKd ; tm½Hk? ajymqdkaeus tajymeJY pyfwJhtm½Hk?
awG;ae? BuHpnfaeus tm½HkrsKd ;udk qdkvkdwmyg/
w&m;tm;xkwfenf;taeeJY ajym&&ifawmh
owdw&m;udk rdrdpdwfrSm tNrJxm;NyD; ukodkvf
aumif;rIupd öawGeJY ywfoufNyD; tNrJjyKaeus? ajym
aeus? BuHpnfaeus tm½Hkaumif;awGukd jyefNyD;
ESvHk;oGif; tm½Hk,l&rSmyg/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 13

qdkMuygpkdY-
aumif;wJhoabm? ukokdvt f vkyef JY qufvkdY
&Gwzf wfaeus w&m;pmawGukdyJ &Gwq f kdvkdY jzpfjzpf?
oabmt"dyÜm,fawGudk awG;awmBuHqaevdkYyJ
jzpfjzpf? tm½Hkaumif;udk ajymif;Ekid yf gw,f/ 'grS
r[kwv f kdY bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmawmfawGeJY pyfwJh
*kPaf us;Zl;awGukd pOf;pm;vdkY 'getvSL ay;vSLwJh
tcg tvSLcH yk*¾Kd vf? vSLzG,yf pön;f trsKd ;rsKd ;udk
apwem xufoefpGmeJY vSLaewJhtm½Hk? aemufNyD;
vSLaepOfrSm pdwx f Jjzpfay:wJh 0rf;omrI? ESpo f ufrI?
pdwcf sr;f omrIqkdwJh tm½HkawGukdvnf; jyefNyD; tm½Hk
jyKvdkY&ygw,f/
wpfcgwpf&Hom jyKcJhzl;ayr,fh wpfcsKd Utm½Hk
aumif;awGuvnf; xif&Sm;wwfygao;w,f/
oabmqdkygpkdY-
acG;uav; wpfaumif? aMumifuav;
wpfaumif iwfrGwfaewJhtcg xrif;Murf;cJyJ
jzpfjzpf? ½dk;½dk;[if;av;yJ jzpfjzpf? pdwv f kdvuf&
auR;arG;jyKpkwJhtcg apwemeJY 0rf;omrIjzpf&wJh
tm½HkawG? &xm;ay:uaeNyD;awmh xrif;xkyf?
14 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

tpm;taomufawGukd qmvGe;f vdkY ajy;vdkuv f mwJh


acG;uav;udk csauR;cJ&h wJh tm½Hk? aemufNyD; taESmif
tzGJUrdaewJh? tEÅ&m,fBuHKaewJh owå0gi,fav;
awGukd vGwaf jrmufatmif ulnDcJhwm? umuG,f
apmifah &Smufcw hJ mqdkwhJ tm½HkawG[mvnf; aumif;NyD;
xif&Sm;wJh tm½HkawGjzpfwwfygao;w,f/
b0wl vlom;csif;xJu tqifrajywJh
olawGukd ulnDcJhzl;wm? aeraumif;wJh olawGukd
jyKpk apmifha&SmufcJhzl;wm? 'Dtm½HkawG[mvnf;
aumif;wJh? xif&Sm;wJh tm½HkawG jzpfygw,f/
rdrd&JU udk,uf sihfoud ©m apmifhxed f;rI? oDv?
pnf;urf; rcsKd ;azmufrIawGeJYvnf; aumif;jrwfwJh
tm½Hkxif&Sm;atmif owdxm; tm½HkjyKEkdifygw,f/
OykofapmifhoHk;cJhwmawGvnf; ygwmaygh/ tm½Hk
vnf;aumif;? xifvnf;xif&Sm;wJh oDvESihfpyfwJh
tm½HkrsdK;awGukdvnf; ESvHk;oGi;f Edkiyf gw,f/
rdrd&JU pdwfESvHk;rSm tNrJwrf; tm½HkjyKaeus
aumif;jrwfwJh Ak'¨bk&m;&Si&f JU yHkawmf? MunfnKd
0rf ; omaeaeus *k P f a wmf a wG u d k ES v H k ; oG i f ;
MunfndKvdkYjzpfap? owå0gawGtm;vHk;udk rdrdeJY
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 15

xyfwl ]]owå0g rSeo f rQwdkY use;f rmcsr;f omMuyg


ap}} qdkwJh arwåmpdw?f at;csr;f rIawGukd ydkYowJh
tcg owå0gteEÅw&kYd UJ tm½Hkukd 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY
tm½HkjyKrIawG[mvnf; xif&Sm;NyD; aumif;wJh tm½Hk
awGyg/
BuD;olawGukd ½dkaorI &Sw d Jhtcg? aumif;jrwf
wJh tvkyfawGudk a0,sm0pöjyKcJhwJhtcg? pum;
aumif;udk ajymqdkem;axmifMuwJhtcg? 'Dtm½HkawG
[mvnf; xif&Sm;NyD; aumif;wJhtm½HkawG jzpfEkid f
ygw,f/
tJ'Dvkd aumif;rIqkdi&f m jyKcJhzl;wJh xif&Sm;NyD;
aumif;wJh tm½Hw k pfcck uk kd owdtm; aumif;aumif;eJY
ESvHk;oGi;f tm½HkjyKae&if tema&m*gqdk; tm½Hk[m
aysmufaeygw,f/ rdrdpdwfrSm r0ifvmbl;aygh/
r&Svd kdY aysmufwmr[kwb f J tm½HkrjyK? *½krpdkuf
vdkY aysmufaewJh oabmyg/
tema&m*gqdk; tm½Hkvnf;aysmuf? aumif;wJh
tm½Hkuvnf; xif&Sm;NyD; a&mufaeawmh pdwcf sr;f
omNyD; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omawG jzpfvmygw,f/ yDwd
ygarmZÆ? okc? aomreó ESpfouf0rf;om
16 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

csr;f om MunfEl;rIawGqkdwm jzpfvmMuwmaygh/


tema&m*g qdk;0g;csed rf mS jzpfaecsed rf mS tJ'v D kd
tm½Hkaumif;atmif aewJhenf;eJYom aeEkdifcJh&if
aewwfw,f? tm;xkwfwwfw,fvdkY ac:Edkifyg
ao;w,f/ tJ'DvkdeJY ao&ifvnf; aowwfw,fvkdY
ac:Ekdifygao;w,f/
'Dvked nf;eJY aowwf? aewwf? tm;xkwf
wwfzkdYu owdtrSw&f rI tm;aumif;zdkY ta&;BuD;
ygw,f/ rdrdtrSwf&vdkwJh tm½Hkudk csufcsif;
csucf si;f qdkovdk trSw&f Ekid pf rG ;f &Sw
d Jh owdå[m tm;
aumif;wJhowd&JU owdåyg/
owdaumif;vm&if orm"dvnf; aumif;rSm
yg/ tckvkd tm½Hkaumif;atmif ajymif;NyD; aewJh
enf;rSm owdtm;aumif;zdkYvkdovdk? orm"dpGr;f &nf
tm;vnf; ydkNyD;aumif;&ygw,f/ rdr&d UJ pw d u
f kd odvk?d
MunfhvkdwJh tm½Hkaumif;ay: qJGaqmifac:,lEkid w f Jh
oabm? tm½HkeJYpw d u
f kd qHkapNyD; wnfap? Munfap
wJhoabmu orm"dowdåyg/ 'Dorm"d&JUtm; ydkNyD;
aumif;rS tm½Hkaumif;atmif ajymif;wJhenf;rSm
tusKd ; aus;Zl;rsm;Ekid yf gw,f/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 17

owd? orm"d aumif;w,fqkdwmu 0D&, d


vnf;aumif;vdkYygvdkY ajym&ygr,f/ 'Dtm½HkudkyJ
trSw&f ae? pdwu f av;wnfae? MunfaewJhtcg
wpfjcm;tm½Hkukd a&mufroGm;zdkY BudK;pm;rI xyfcg
xyfcg MunfhaeEkid af tmif BudK;pm;rIqkdwm &Sad e&yg
w,f/ 'DBudK;pm;wJh vHkYv0D&, d u axmufyHhEkdif
tm;aMumifhvnf; owdorm"dtm;awG ydkaumif;
vmygw,f/
owd0D&, d ? orm"daMumifh tm½Hkaumif;udk
awGU? yDwEd pS o
f ufraI wG? okccsr;f omrIawG wpfqifh
xufwpfqifh ydkrkdjrifhwuf tm;aumif;vmygw,f/
xif&mS ;odomvGe;f atmif jzpfvmygw,f/ 'Dpw d cf sr;f
omrI taMumif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh ½kyo f abm?
pdwåZ½kyaf wGuvnf; Munfvifayghyg; EkysKd vef;qef;
vmw,f/ 'D½kyfoabmawG odomxif&Sm;vmyg
w,f/ udk,fvnf; csrf;om? pdwfvnf;csrf;om
jzpfaeNyDaygh/
owd? 0D&d,? orm"d? owdåawGeJY tm½Hk
aumif ; ud k ajymif ; wJ h e nf ; [m orxenf ; vd k Y
ac:&rSmyg/ orm"du OD;aqmifaeygw,f/
18 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

udk,cf sr;f om? pdwfcsr;f omwJhtcdkuf owd?


0D&d,? orm"dtm;awGeJY txift&Sm;&SdwJh ½kyf
oabm? emrfoabmawGukd aoaocsmcsm tm½Hk
jyKNyD; ynmÓPfeJYom ydki;f jcm;odvdku&f if? Munfh
vdkuEf kid f&if 0dyóemÓPftppf jzpfoGm;ygw,f/
0dyóemÓPfuae wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh
csucf si;f qdkovdk r*fÓPf? zdkvÓ f PfwkdYukdvnf;
wufa&mufEkid yf gw,f/ 'Dtcg edAÁmefukdvnf; rsuf
arSmufjyKEkdifygw,f/ 'gu tm½Hkaumif;atmif
ajymif;NyD;rS 0dyóem½IwJh oabmyg/ orxrS
0dyóemudk ul;oGm;w,f ac:wmaygh/
wpfcsKd Uu ]]tema&m*gqdk;0g;wJt h cg b,fvkd
rS tm½Hkajymif;zdkY r&Ekdifbl;/ tm½Hkaumif;ay:zdkY
vnf; rvG,yf gbl;/ pmxJayxJrSmom 'grSr[kwf
tajymeJYom ajymaeMuwmyg/ wu,fwrf;u
tm½Hkqdk;vGef;&if rMunfhbJ tm½Hkaumif;ajymif;zdkY
qdkwm r&Ekid fbl;}} vdkY qdkMuygw,f/ ajymvnf;
ajymwwfMuygw,f/
r&Ekid w f m r[kwyf gbl;/ &zdkY rvG,w f myg/
b,ftvkyrf qdk vG,w f m? cufwm &Spd NrJyg/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 19

]]'DavmuftusKd ;BuD;? aus;Zl;rsm;wJh aoenf;? ae


enf;? tm;xkwef nf;qdk&if ydkNyD;cufw,f/ rvG,yf g
bl;}} vdkY pdwx f J pGJxm;Muygvdrhfr,f/
wu,fu vkycf sipf w d f r&S&d if? rvkyw f wf
&if? vkyaf eus r[kw&f if b,ftvkyrf S rvG,yf g
bl;/ vkycf sipf wd ?f vkyw f wfrI? vkyaf eus 'DoHk;rsKd ;
qHknDrS vG,u f lygw,f/ 'DoHk;rsKd ;xJu wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;
avsmhaecJh&if b,ftvkyrf S rvG,yf gbl;/ cufcJ
oGm;ygNyD/
tckajymjyaewJh enf;[m tusKd ;vnf;BuD;?
aus;Zl;vnf;rsm;? wefzkd;vnf; &Sv d Ge;f awmh ta&;
wBuD; odxm;? em;vnfxm;oifhygw,f/ tvG,f
wulvnf;jzpfatmif BudK;pm;xm;oifhygw,f/
'ghaMumifh vkycf sipf w d f &Sv
d kdupf rf;yg/ vkyw f wf
atmif zwfvkdu?f em;axmifvkdu?f oifvkdupf rf;yg/
vkyaf eus jzpfaeatmifvnf; tNrJaeMunf?h BudK;pm;
Munfhvdkufprf;yg/
'DvkdoHk;rsKd ;pHk&if b,favmufyJ tm½Hkqkd;awG
jzpfaeygap? BuHKaeygap? tm½Hkaumif;atmif ae
wwf? aeEkid ?f aevdkY&vmygw,f/
20 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

tm½Hkajymif;Ekid vf kYd tm½Hkaumif;&if pdwv


f nf;
aumif;vmygw,f/ rcHom oabmruswhJ pdwq f k;d ?
pdw½f kdi;f awG r&Sad wmhygbl;/ cHom? aeomvmawmh
oufawmifhoufomeJY at;at;aq;aq; b,f
avmufae&wm aumif;vdkurf vJ/ pOf;pm;Munfh
aygh/ udk,v f nf; csr;f om? pdwv f nf; csr;f om
csr;f omudk cHpm;ae&w,f/
rsm;aomtm;jzifh tm½Hkaumif;&if pdwaf umif;
wwfMuw,f/ tm½Hk raumif;&if pdwrf aumif;
jzpfwwfMuw,f/ 'Dvko d abmrsKd ;u trsm; olig
awG jzpfavh &Syd gw,f/ 'Doabm jzpfae½Hkuawmh
omref olvkd udk,v f kdvl tjzpfrQavmufyJ &Syd g
ao;w,f/ tm½Hkaumif;aumif; raumif;aumif;?
pdwaf umif;jzpfatmif aewwf? aowwf? tm;xkwf
wwfwJhvlvkdY rac:Edkiaf o;ygbl;/ 0dyóemenf;
tppfeJY ajymwmyg/
tNrJwrf;pdwaf umif;jzpfatmif aewwfzkdYu
ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ tm½Hkaumif;atmif ajymif;NyD;
aewJhenf; &So d vdk? pdwaf umif;atmif aewJhenf;
vnf; &Syd gw,f/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 21

pdwfaumif;atmifaewJhenf;u 'Dqdk;0g;wJh
tm½HkukdyJ ra&GU? rajymif;? ra&SmifbJ aoaocsmcsm
odatmif Munfhae&if;? odae&if;u pdwfaumif;
jzpfapwJhenf;? wku d ½f dku½f IwJhenf;vdkY ac:ygw,f/
wdkuf½dkuf½IwJh enf;uvnf; tema&m*g
qdk;0g;wJh ½kytf m½HkukdMunfhNyD; qifjcifwJhenf;&,f?
oHk;oyfwJh enf;&,fvdkY ESprf sKd ;&Sjd yefygao;w,f/
qif j cif w J h e nf ; qd k w mu ,ck j zpf a ewJ h
tema&m*gqdk; qdkwm[m ½kyo f abmw&m;awGyg/
'D½kyo
f abm tm½Hk[m cE¨m? "mwf? y&rwfoabm
awGyg/ ]y&rwfrSe?f cyfjrefjref? {uefrkcs? jzpf
vnf;jzpfw,f? ysuv f nf;ysuw f ,f} qdkwJhtwdki;f
jzpf v morQ ysuf a eMuwmcsnf ; ygyJ / 'D t em
a&m*gvnf; jzpfNyD; ysuo f Gm;? aysmufoGm;rSmygvdkY
tay:,H pOf;pm;ÓPfeJY qifjcif&if oufom
wwfygw,f/ cHEkdifw,fqdkwmvnf; jzpfvmyg
w,f/
'DvkdrS r[kwaf o;&if
rsufpdeJY jriforQ tqif;rsdK;pHk tm½Hk?
em;eJY Mum;orQ toHrsKd ;pHk tm½Hk?
22 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

ESmacgif;eJY ½SL½dIuo f rQ teHYrsKd ;pHk tm½Hk?


vQmeJY pm;aomuforQ t&omrsKd ;pHk tm½Hk?
udk,ef JY awGUxo d rQ tawGUtxdrsKd ;phk tm½Hk?
pdwfrSmjzpfay: cHpm;&orQ tawG;tBuH?
odp&mrsKd ;pHk tm½Hk?
'Dtm½HkawG[m pdwef JY vmqHkMuw,f? cP
ygyJ/ {nho f nftjzpf vma&mufwJh oabm? NyD;&if
jyefoGm;MuwmyJ/
jrifNyD; r&Sd jyefoGm;? Mum;NyD;r&Sd jyefoGm;?
aysmufoGm;MuwmygyJ/ eHNyD;&if? pm;NyD;&if? xdNyD;
&if? awG;odNyD;&ifvnf; 'Dtm½HkawG[m ysuo f Gm;
aysmufoGm;MuwmyJ/ {nfhonfrSeforQ tdrfudk
tvnfa&mufvmNyD; jyefoGm;Muovdk? 'Dtem
a&m*gqdk;? emusiu f kducf J qdk;0g;wJh odp&mtm½Hk
oabmawGvnf; Munfh&if;? ysu&f if;? aysmuf&if;
jyefoGm;MurSmyJvkdYvnf; ESvHk;oGi;f qifjcifEkid yf g
w,f/
aemufwpfrsdK;taeeJY-
]ighrSm tkod abm&Sw d ,f? rvGeq f efEkdibf l;}
]ighrSm emoabm&Sw d ,f? rvGeq f efEkdibf l;}
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 23

]ighrSm aooabm&Sw d ,f? rvGeq f efEkdibf l;}


'Dvkd ESvHk;oGi;f oabm trSeaf wGeJYvnf;
qifjcifEkdifygw,f/
'grSr[kwf cE¨mqdkwm 'kuw © k;H ? qif;&Jwk;H BuD;
yJ/ cE¨m&S&d if 'ku©&Sw
d ,f? qif;&JeJY BuHKr,f/ igtck
BuHKae&wJh qif;&J[m 'ku©cE¨mBuD;&Sv d kdY jzpfwmyJ/
'DcE¨m? 'D'ku©qif;&Judk rvdkcsifawmhbl;/ cE¨m
r&Swd Jh'ku©qif;&J csKyfNidr;f &m edAÁmefukdyJ oGm;csi?f
&csi?f a&mufcsiv f yS gNyDvkYd qifjcif ESvkH;oGi;f wmu
wpfrsdK;?
tckvdk BuHKae&wJh tema&m*gqdk;BuD;udk
onf;cH&rSmaygh/ avmurSm 'Dvkdtay:,H 'ku©rsKd ;
udkrS todw&m;eJY onf;cHpw d f rxm;Ekid b f l;qdk&if
'Dxufqkd;wJh qif;&J'ku©awG jynfhaewJh tyg,f
av;bHk&JU ab;'ku©? aemufNyD; y#doaE¨jyefae&wJh
'ku©? tdk&? em&wJh'ku©? avmutwGi;f rsKd ;pHkatmif
BuHK&wJh qif;&J'ku©? aemufoHo&m0#fqif;&J 'ku©
awGuvnf; b,fvw G Ef ikd yf ghrvJ/ tckBuHK&wJh 'ku©
ao;ao;udk todÓPfeJY aysmfaysmfom onf;cH
vdkufprf;yg qdkwJh ESvHk;oGif;uvnf; wpfrsdK;?
24 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

trsKd ;rsKd ; ESvHk;oGi;f qifjcifEkid yf gw,f/


tema&m*g jyif;xefqkd;0g;aeayr,fh ESvHk;
oGi;f pdEÅmr,ÓPftm;? owd? 0D&, d ? orm"dtm;
awGay:rlwnfNyD; cHomvmEdkiyf gw,f/ oufom
ovdkvkd jzpfvmEkid yf gw,f/
'gayr,fh 0dyóemawmh rjzpfao;ygbl;/
0dyóem½IyGm;enf;eJY aeenf;? aoenf;? tm;xkwf
enf;awmh r[kwaf o;ygbl;/
qifjcifaewke;f oufomovdk jzpfayr,fh
qifjcifEkdifrIpGrf;tm; enf;oGm;&ifjzpfjzpf? ESvHk;
oGif;rI vufvGwfoGm;&ifjzpfjzpf? tema&m*g
xdawGUrItm½Hku jyefay:vmwwfw,f/ ydkqkd;vm
w,f/ e*dkxufukd ydkNyD;qdk;vdkY tcH&cufvmw,f
vkYdawmif xifwwfMuygao;w,f/
tJ'DtcgrSm owdvw G of mG ;NyD? owdvwG w
f m
eJY wNydKifeuf pdwx f rJ mS rBudKufwhJ oabm? a'go?
a'greóawGu 0ifvmwmygyJ/ oabmrusrI
vnf; ygvmwmaygh/ a'go0ifvmNyD qdkuwnf;u
tema&m*gu ydkqkd;vmw,f/ roufombl;/ 'D
awmifu ausmfEkdifygawmhrvm;/ r&awmhbl;eJY
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 25

wlygw,f qdkwJh pdwq f if;&JrIawG jzpfvmw,f/


'Dawmifu rausmfEkdifbl;qdkNyD; rdryd dkifqdkif
w,fxifcJhwJh om;orD;ajr;jrpf? wynfhwyef;?
ta>ct&H? todkif;t0dkif;? a&TaiGOpöm? wdkufwm
taqmuftODypön;f awGukd cJGcGm&? pGeYfcJh&rSm ESajrm
wJh avmb? pdk;&drw f hJ aomu? raumif;wJh pdwaf wG
0ifvmygw,f/ ta&;wBuD; [dk[mvkycf si?f 'D[m
vkyfcsif? [dkvlYrSmcsif? ajymcsif? 'DvlYawGUcsif? jrif
csiq f kw
d hJ ½Iyaf xG;aemufusw d hJ pdwaf wG jzpfvmw,f/
aemufNyD; rdru d kd,?f rdrvd uf? rdrad cgif;vdkY xifcJhwJh
'D½ky?f igodw,fvkYd txifrmS ;wwfwhJ 'Demrf oabm
awGudk aocsm rodEkdifawmhbJ arm[pdwfawG
0ifvmukew f ,f/ ½kyt f em a&m*gudkvnf; ighacgif;?
ighuk, d ?f ighajc? ightem qdk;0g;w,fvkdY txifBuD;eJY
tjrif rMunfrvif jzpfvmygw,f/
ESvHk;oGi;f qifjcifEkid t f m; raumif;&if 'Dvkd
awG jzpfwwfygw,f/ 'Dvkd rjzpfatmif qifjcif
Ekid fwJh owdåawG? tm;aumif;atmif taotcsm
BudK;pm;xm;oifhygw,f/
trSeu f b,ft&m? b,ftm½Hkukrd qdk aocsm
26 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

odae&r,fqkdwJh trSw&f rI owdr&Sv d kdY? vGwo


f Gm;
vkYd 'Dvkdjzpf&wmyg/ owd r&S&d if wnfMunfrI
orm"dvnf; tm;enf;? aocsmodwwfwJh ÓPf
vnf; r&SEd ikd af wmhygbl;/ 'Dowd? orm"d? ÓPfawG
jzpfae? &Sad eatmif vHkYvjyKwJh 0D&, d vnf; r&Sad wmh
ygbl;/ 'DoabmawGu ESvHk;oGif;qifjcifrIeJY
ywfoufNyD; jzpfvmwwfwJh oabmawGyg/
tm½Hkudk wkduf½dkufMunfhwJhenf;rSm qif
jcif ESvHk;oGi;f wJhenf;tjyif tm½Hkukd taotcsm
MunfhNyD; t&S?d t&St d wdki;f oHk;oyfwJhenf; qdkwm
&Sdygao;w,f/
oHk;oyfwehJ nf;qdkwm tm½Hkajymif;&wmvnf;
r[kwyf gbl;/ qifjcifNyD; ESvHk;oGi;f &wJh oabm
rsKd ;vnf; r[kwyf gbl;/ wku d ½f kduaf ocsm odatmif
MunfhwJhenf;yg/
owd? 0D&, d ? orm"d tm;awG&Sad ewJh rdr&d JU
pdwef JYxif&Sm;&Sad ewJh tm½Hkoabmudk t&St d wdki;f ?
trSeftwdkif; ynmÓPftm;eJY aocsmodatmif
Munfhaewmudk ac:ygw,f/ pdwf"mwftiftm;eJY
oHk;oyfwm? Munfhwmyg/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 27

rdrdpdwfeJY oHk;oyfw,fqdkayr,fh pdwf&JU


oabmu tm½Hkudk odwwfwJh oabmrQom
&Syd gw,f/ vkyEf kid yf gw,f/ 'Dpw
d o f abm jzpfae&if
jzLw,f? rnf;w,f? ylw,f? at;w,f? awmifh
w,f? wif;w,f? vHk;w,f? 0dki;f w,f? BuD;w,f?
ao;w,f? enf;w,f? rsm;w,f? [dkem;? 'Dem;pwJh
tac:ta0: ta&miftqif; yHkoP²mefae&ma'o
owf r S w f c suf a wG u d k owf r S w f o d ç od w wf w J h
rSwfom;wwfrI onmqdkwmuvnf; tNrJwGJyg
aeygw,f/
'DrSwo f m;rI onmu olrSwo f m;od odxm;
cJhwJhtwdkif; 'DoabmawGudk jyefNyD;ay:atmif
xif&mS ;atmif yHkazmfay;wwfygw,f/ 'Dvakd v; awG
jzpfaew,f? [dkvkdBuD; xif&Sm;aew,fqkdNyD; rajym
wwfayr,fh ajymjyovdk ajymjyaewwf? vkyaf y;
wwfygw,f/
oHk;oyfenf;rSm pdwfeJYodumrQ? onmeJY
rSwo f m;odç odumrQ odaewmawGukd t"duwefzk;d
rxm;awmhygbl;/ 'DoabmawGxuf xif&Sm;&Sw d Jh
tm½Hk&JU oabmudk taotcsm odwwfwJh ÓPf
28 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

ynm&JUtodu wefzkd;BuD;vmygw,f/
'DÓPfynm todaumif;vmatmif tm½Hk&JU
oabmudk trSwf&wwfwJh owd? wnfMunfrI
orm"d? BudK;pm;rI0D&, d qdkwJh owdåtiftm;awGu
taxmuftul jyKEkid yf gw,f/
txift&Sm;&SdwJh tm½Hkoabmudk xyfcg
xyfcg trSw&f wnfMunfaewJhtcdkuf onmrSwf
om;odudk razsmufbJ? xGif;azmufausmfvTm;NyD;
tm½Hkukd aoaocsmcsm? uGJuGJjym;jym; Munfhwwf
odwwf? jrifEkid wf wfwJh ynmÓPfoabmu ydkNyD;
ta&;BuD;ygw,f/
oHk;oyfwJhenf;rSm owd? 0D&, d ? orm"dtm;
tpGr;f owdåawG 0ef;&HaewJhpw d rf Sm ynmÓPfuom
tm½Hkukd aocsm oHk;oyfEkdiw f myg/ oHk;oyfjyefawmh
vnf; wpfBudrw f pfcgav; tay:,Hoçd odumrQESihf
awmh oHk;oyfw,f rac:Ekid yf gbl;/ owd OD;aqmif
NyD; ÓPfoçd odaewJhpw d f wpfcsujf zpfNyD;&if aemuf
pdwfawGvnf; odaewJhpdwf wpfcsufxyfjzpfzdkY
aemufxyf qufcgqufcg 'Dpw d rf sKd ;awG jzpfaezdkY
BudK;pm;wJh 0D&,
d owåad wGyg vdktyfygw,f/ 'Dvkd
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 29

jzpfaecku
d wf kdi;f rSm aocsmMunfh? aocsmodaewmudk
oHk;oyfw,fvdkY ac:wmyg/
tema&m*g qdk;0g;aew,fqkw d t hJ cdkurf mS jzpf
ay:aewJ½h ky?f tema&m*gtm½Hkukd wu,ft&St d wdki;f
oabmw&m; trSeu f kd w&m;oabm todÓPfeJY
jrifatmif? odatmif Munfh&ygw,f/
wu,ftema&m*gqdk; tm½Hkudk oHk;oyf
enf;eJY oHk;oyfawmhr,fqdk&if ta&;vnf;BuD;?
odvnf;odoifw h hJ oabmawGukd xyfajymygOD;r,f/
owdqkdwmu trSw&f wwfwJh oabmyg/
wjcm;bmrS rvkyfwwfygbl;/ xyfcg xyfcg
oHk;oyfEdkifzdkYvnf; oleJY rqdkifbl;/ jrifatmif od
atmif MunfhzkdYvnf; ol rwwfEkid fygbl;/
orm"d qdkwmuvnf; tm½Hkay:rSm pdwf
uav;wnfae? MunfaeatmifyJ vkyw f wfygw,f/
'ghxufydkNyD; wjcm;bmrS ol rvkyfEkdifygbl;/
0D&,
d qdkwmuawmh wpfBudrNf yD; wpfBudr?f
wpfcgNyD; wpfcg? wpfpw d Nf yD; wpfpwd f tm½Hkxif&mS ;
wdki;f ½IaewJhpw d f? oHk;oyfwJh pdwfuav; xyfcg
xyfcg jzpfaeEkdifzdkYyJ vkyfEkdifpGrf;wJh owdå&Sdwmyg/
30 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

wpfjcm;tpGrf; r&Sdygbl;/
ynmÓPfuawmh xif&Sm;wJh tm½Hk? jywJh
tm½Hk? jrifaeodaewJh tm½Hkukd aoaocsmcsm uGJuGJ
jym;jym;yJ odwwfwmyg/ ol jywJh twdki;f udkom
Munfhwmyg? odwmyg/ udk,Mf unfhcsiw f mudk Munfh
wmrsKd ;? udk,f odcsiw f mudk vkyo f wd mrsKd ; r[kwyf g
bl;/ vky, f lNyD;awmhvnf; rMunfhygbl;/
"r® oabmw&m;awGqdkwm udk,fhtvkyf
udkom udk,f vkyMf uygw,f/ udk,hfoabm udk,f
aqmifNyD;? udk,hfowdå udk,f xkwo f Hk;aewmyg/
udk,hfowdå udk,&f Sad eMuwJh owd? 0D&, d ? orm"d?
ynmtm;awG aygif;pHkrw d Jhtcg e*dku pdwu f av;&JU
odumrQ oabm? onm&JU rSwo f d oabmawGukd
ausmv f GeNf yD; aoaocsmcsm ydki;f ydki;f jcm;jcm; odvm
ygw,f/ oHk;oyfEkid v f mw,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/
oHk;oyfEikd vf mw,fqkw d hJ tcku d rf mS &Sw
d t
hJ m½Hk
udk aumif;wJh"mwf? aumif;wJhowdåawGu aocsm
odatmif? oHk;oyfwJhtvkyf vkyaf eMuwmyg/ ae
raumif;wJo h ul oHk;oyf&wm r[kwyf gbl;/ igçu
oHk;oyfw,fvkdYvnf; rxifvku d yf geJY/ oHk;oyfwJh
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 31

tcdkurf Sm igçr&Syd gbl;? igçvnf; rygygbl;/ "r®


oabmawGu "r®Asmyg&awG pdkux f kwNf yD; tvkyf
vkyaf eMuwmyg/ igçtaeeJYvnf; yg0ifvkdY? 0if
oHk;oyfvkdY r&ygbl;/
oHk;oyfwJhenf;udk aoaocsmcsm oHk;oyfyHk?
tm;xkwyf Hk? aexdkiyf HkawGukd ajymjyygr,f/
tem a&m*g qd k ; 0g;wJ h oabmtaeeJ Y
ajym&&if ESvHk;u ckev f eG ;f w,f/ &ifbwfu atmifh
vGe;f w,f/ temu emvGe;f w,f/ OD;acgif;u udkuf
vGe;f w,fqkdwJh trsKd ;rsKd ; a&m*gtrnfawG &Sw d wf
Muygw,f/
tck taeeJY ]]OD;acgif;xJu rcHomatmif
udkuaf eNyD}} qdkMuygpdkY/
oHk;oyfEikd pf rG ;f &Sw
d hJ ½Ipw
d uf ]]OD;acgif;udku}f }
wJhtm½Hkukd owduyf owd&Sv d kduaf wmh tm½HkjyK
vkud Ef kid yf gw,f/ owdeJUtwl orm"dvnf; ygvm
wmaygh/ owduyfvkduEf kid w f mudku 0D&, d &Svd kdYyg/
'DtcgrSm twlwGJNyD; yg0ifaewJh ÓPfynmu
]]acgif;u udkuw f mvm;? udkuw f mu acgif;vm;}}
qdkwJh tar; r&Sad yr,fh tajzudk csucf si;f odoGm;
32 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

ygw,f/
]acgif;} qkw
d mu oyfoyf? ]udkuw f ,f}
qd k w mu oyf o yf j zpf a eMuwJ h oabmaygh /
oHk;oyfwJh ½Ipw d x
f Ju ÓPfu awGUvkduyf gw,f/
qifjcifwm r[kwyf gbl;/ wku d ½f kduwf u,fjrifwJh?
odwJhÓPfu oHk;oyfod odvkduw f myg/
acgif;u oyfoyf? udkufwmu oyfoyf
qdkwhJ oabmudk todeMYJ unf&h if; Munf&h if; ]udku}f
wJoh abmu ydkNyD;xif&mS ;vmygw,f/ odomjrifom
vmygw,f/ OD;acgif;qdkwJh xkxnf? yHkoP²mef?
t&G,t f pm;? tac:ta0:pwJh ynwftm½Hktxif
BuD;u onmeJY rSwo f m;xm;wJh oabmqdkawmh
ÓPfeMYJ unf&h if; Munf&h if; xGi;f azmuf xGi;f azmuf
cH&vdkY aysmufaysmufomG ;ygawmhw,f/ OD;acgif;BuD;
aysmufoGm;wm r[kwyf gbl;/ onm&JU rSwx f m;wJh
tvkyu f ynwfÓPfa&mufvmawmh aemufqkwf
oGm;wJhoabm/ rodrom rxif&Sm; z,foGm;wJh
oabmygyJ/
onmtodxuf ynmtodu tm;omwJh
tcg 'Dvkyd J txifynwfawG[m aysmufomG ;? uG,f
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 33

oGm; jzpfvmygw,f/
'Dtcsed rf mS 0D&,
d u udkuw f o
hJ abmudk xyfcg
xyfcg MunfEh kid zf kYd tvkyf vkyaf y;aeygw,f/ owd?
orm"deJY tm½Hkukd jyKaewJhtcdkuf ynmÓPfeJY *½k
pdkufNyD;Munfhawmh ]udkufw,f} qdkwJhoabm
uvnf; xif&Sm;ae&mu wjznf;jznf;Munfh&if;
Munh&f if; aysmufovdk jzpfvmNyD; wif;rI? rmrI?
ylrI? vIyrf I qdkwJhoabmawGu odomxif&Sm;vm
ovdk awGUjrif&jyefygw,f/
]udkufw,f} qdkwJh ynwfowfrSwfcsuf
onm&JU rSwo f m;rI tvkyaf wGu aemufqkwo f Gm;
wJhoabm/ tm;aysmhoGm;wJhoabmyg/ todÓPf
owåad wG wdk;vm&if xlxw J hJ ynwfawGu avsmyh g;
oGm;wwfygw,f/ y&rwfeYJ eD;pyfwhJ oabmawGu
ydkNyD; xif&Sm;vmMuw,f/
'Duwpfqifh odomw,fqkdwJh wif;rI? ylrI?
rmrI? vIyrf oI abmawGukd xyfNyD; aocsmMunh&f jyef
ygw,f/ 0dyóemqdkwm txift&Sm;&Sw d Jh oabm
udk taotcsm Munfh&wmyg/
wif;wJhoabmudk aoaocsmcsm oHk;oyf
34 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

Munfhvku d af wmh wif;oabmu wif;ovdkvkd? vIyf


ovdkvkdqkdwJh wu,ftppf wif;aewm r[kwb f J
]wif;} qdkwJh emrnfwyfNyD;om ajym&w,f/ wif;
ovdkvkdeJY wpfrsKd ;av;awG wpfrsKd ;av;awG jzpfae
Muwmudk awGU&ygawmhw,f/ wif;oabm aysmuf
NyD; vIypf v
d Iypf d &Gp&d Gpd vIyvf Iy&f G&GqkdwJh aocsm
ayguf trnfray;Edkiw f Jh oabmrsKd ;awG trsm;BuD;
udkom awGU&ygw,f/
onmrSwo f ed JY owfrSwNf yD; jrifawGUaeus
ynwftm½Hkqkw d mawGu udavomeJY Munf&h if ydkNyD;
xif&Sm;w,f/ tNrJwrf; &Sad ew,f/ cdkiNf rJw,faygh/
todÓPfeYJ Munfv h ku
d &f ifawmh Munf&h if; Munf&h if;
ynwfoabmawGu yg;oGm;NyD; y&rwfoabm
awGuom xif&Sm; xif&Sm;vmygw,f/
todÓPf tm;aumif;vmavav tm½HkrSm
zHk;umxm;wJh ta&miftqif; yHkoP²mefpwJh ynwf
awG[m tMurf;pm;awGa&m? tEkpm;awGa&m txl
tyg;awGyg uGmus uGmusovdk &Si;f oGm;ygw,f/
½Ipwd f todÓPfukd udavomu zHk;wwfw,f/
tm½Hkt&Sd y&rwfukd ynwftxiftm½Hku zHk;w,f/
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 35

'g[m "r® o bm0ygyJ / ½I p d w f tod Ó Pf u


udavomudk yg;oxufyg;atmif vTr;f rdk;Edkiv f m
awmh tm½HkjzpfwJh t&Syd &rwfay:u txifynwf
awGvnf; uGmus uGmusvkdY oGm;ygw,f/
oabmw&m; wpfrsKd ;av;awG jzpfaeMuwm
udk pwifawGUwJhtcg trsm;BuD;qdkwmrsKd ;awGvnf;
yg0ifaeNyD; jrifae awGUae&wwfygw,f/ tJ'Dtcg
rSm aoaocsmcsm *½kpkduNf yD; trsm;BuD;qdkwmudk
rvku d b f ?J ESvkH; roGi;f bJ oabmav; wpfckjzpfwhJ
tckud jf rifatmif? odatmif aocsm BudK;pm;Munhf
vdkufapcsifygw,f/
aocsm Munfhvkdurf &d if "r® oabmw&m;&JU
wu,ft&Sd oabmudk aocsm odvkduEf kid yf gNyD/
odvdkufEkdifzdkYu aocsm ydkifydkifEkdifEkdif oHk;oyfrS
odEkid yf gw,f/ 'Dvkd oHk;oyfEkid zf kdY qdkwmuvnf;
owd? 0D&, d ? orm"d? ynmawG tvGet f m;aumif;
&rSmyg/ tm;aumif;zdv kY nf; vdkygw,f/ tm;aumif;
atmifvnf; aewwf&rSmyg/
wu,fht&Sd ½ky?f emrf? cE¨m? "mwfqkdwJh
y&rwf oabmawGu cufcJeufeJ odraf rGUygw,f/
36 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

oabmayguf em;vnfzdkYtwGuf avmuOyrmeJY


qufpyfNyD;awmh yHkay:atmif ajymjycsiyf gw,f/
avmuOyrmtaeeJY rdrdwdkYtdrf&JU {nfhcef;
axmifhrSm ½kyjf rifoHMum; (wDAD) puf &Sw d wf? xm;
wwfMuygw,f/ ½kyjf rifoHMum;udk MunfhwJhtcg
eJY EdIi;f ,SONf yD; MunhMf u&atmif/
½kyfjrifoHMum; pNyD; Munfhw,fqdkwkef;u
awmh ½kyjf rifoMH um;puf wpfckvk;H udkyg/ aemufawmh
½kyjf rifoHMum;puf&JU zefom;jyifukdom *½kpkduNf yD;
Munf h v mygw,f / puf t d r f a wG ? cvk w f a wG ?
ukrÜPDwHqyd af wGukd jrifawmhvnf; jrifaeygw,f/
'gayr,fh *½krpdkuw f JhtwGuf rjrifygbl;vdkY ajym&
rvdk jzpfoGm;ygw,f/
tck zefom;jyifukd Munfhaew,f qdkayr,fh
jyaewJh Zmwfvrf; Zmwfxkw?f aemuf rif;om;
rif;orD;? vlMurf;pwJh o½kyaf qmifawGukdyJ *½kjyK
rdvmygw,f/ wDADzefom;jyifudk jrifaeayr,fh
o½kyaf qmifawGukdom *½kpkduaf eawmh zefom;jyif
BuD;[m r&So d vdk? rawGUovdk jzpfaeygw,f/
'Doabm? 'DOyrm txduawmh tm;vHk;
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 37

Munfhaeus/ jrifaeus oabmawGyg/ odomvG,f


ygw,f/ oabmaygufvG,yf gw,f/
'Duwpfqifh zefom;jyifay:rSm rif;om;?
rif;orD;awG yHkoP²mefawgay:aeayr,fh o½kyf
aqmifawG? ½Icif;awGukd *½krpdkub f J jzLeD0gjympwJh
ta&mifawGudkom *½kwpdkuf Munfhay;vdkufyg/
yHkrSet
f aeeJY 'Dvkd rMunfhzl;cJhaomfvnf; *½kwpdkuf
Munfhay;yg/ ay:vmwJh ta&mifrsdK;pHkudkyJ owd
xm;NyD; Munfhvkduaf wmh rif;om;? rif;orD;? o½kyf
aqmif? ½Icif;awGukd jrifae&ayr,fh rjrifovdk
jzpfoGm;NyD; ta&mifpHkudkom odygw,f/
ta&mifpHkawGudkom awGUae&wJh tcgrSm
vnf; jzLeDaMumifMum; rcJjG cm;bJ ta&mifpkaH emufukd
vdkurf MunfhbJ zefom;jyifay:u tpuftajymuf
uav;awGudk *½kwpdkuf Munfhay;yg/ tpuf
tajymufawGom awGUNyDqk&d if ta&mifawG qdkwmudk
jrifaeayr,fh *½krpdkuw f t
hJ wGuf rdrpd w
d rf mS r&So
d vdk
jzpfaeygw,f/
tpuftajymufav;awGuvnf; trsm;BuD;
ygyJ/ tJ'Dtrsm;BuD;qdkwJh oabmawGudk *½k
38 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

rpku d bf J tpuftajymuf wpfckav;avmufukdom


ay:wJhtcdkuf aoaocsmcsm Munhaf y;yg/ rdr&d JU
pd w f t if t m;aumif ; awG e J Y ay:vmwJ h tpuf
tajymufukd aoaocsmcsm *½kwpdkuf Munhv f kduf
rdzdkYygyJ/
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oabmav;[m b,fvkdvJ? bmvJ? b,favmuf
MumrvJ? b,favmufMumMum MunfhEkdif jrifEkid ?f
tMunfhcHEkdirf vJ}} qdkwJh ar;cGe;f awG[m tar;r&Sd
aomfvnf; tajzudk ajzNyD;om;tjzpf odom? jrif
vmygvdrrhf ,f/ owdxm;NyD; aocsmMunfyh g/ Munfh
vkdufwmeJY r&Sd? jrifvdkufwmeJY r&Sd? jzpfaewJh
oabmawG awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/
'DoabmawGu tckvkd ajymjyawmh odoGm;
NyD; pdwu f l;eJY yHkazmf,lvkdY &wmawG r[kwyf gbl;/
aoaocsmcsm *½kwpdkuMf unfEh kid rf S jrifEikd ?f odEikd w
f hJ
oabmawGyg/
tJ'D Oyrmay;wJh oabmvdkygyJ/ tem
a&m*g qdk;0g;w,fqkw d hJ OD;acgif;udkuw
f mudk aocsm
owd/ todeJY MunfhwJhtcg OD;acgif; rxif&Sm;bJ
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 39

udkuw f mxif&Sm;wJh oabm/ aemuf udkuw f mudk


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yl? rm? vIy?f oabmawG xif&Sm;wJh oabm/
aemuf- wif;? yl? rm? vIyaf wGukd MunfhwJhtcg
wif;ovdkvkdqkdwJh oabmawGukdom txift&Sm;
jrif&wJhoabm/ aemuf- wif;ovdkvkdxJu trsm;
BuD;qdkwo hJ abm/ aemuf-jzpfvmwJo h abm wpfrsKd ;
wpfckukdom jzpfqJtcsed rf Sm aocsmMunhv f kduaf wmh
tMunhu f kd rcHEkid af vmufatmif Munfhr&S?d jrifr&Sd
qdkwJh oabmw&m;av;awGudkyJ awGU&ygawmh
w,f/
]]OD;acgif;udkuw f m}} udk wpfqifNh yD; wpfqifh
oHk;oyfoGm;&if ÓPfeJY aocsmMunfhvkdu&f if Munfh
r&S?d jrifr&Sd oabmudkom awGU&awmhovdk ausm
atmifh? Adkufem? ESvHk;wkef? &ifckefpwJh b,fvdk
rcH r&yfEkdiw f Jh a&m*gqdk;rsKd ;udk rqdk Munfhvku d &f if
Munfhr&S?d jrifr&Sq d kdwJh oabmawGukdom awGUNyD;
wpfjcm; bmudkrQ awGU&rSm r[kwyf gbl;/
'DoabmawGu ÓPf&JUtod? ÓPfeJYom
jrif&wJh vufawGU oabmawGyg/ Mum;zl;em;0
40 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

pdwu f l;pdwof ef;eJY onmrSwo f m;rIawGeJY vdkuv f kyf


MunfhvkdYvnf; r&Edkiyf gbl;/ pdwt f xifawGeJYvnf;
rjzpfEdkifygbl;/
tJ'Dvkd oHk;oyfNyD; MunfhaeEdkiw f Jhtcg udk,f
vnf; csr;f om? pdwfvnf; csr;f om? udk,yf ifyef;
pdwyf ifyef; rjzpf? tema&m*gvnf; oufomaeyg
w,f/ pdwcf sr;f omrI r&S&d ifvnf; 'Dvkd todÓPf
rsdK; r&vmEdkifygbl;/ oHk;oyfwJh enf;vnf; roHk;
oyfEkdifygbl;/
]]Munfhr&S?d jrifr&S}d } qdkwm rNrJwJh tedpö?
qif;&JwJh 'ku©? tpdk;r&wJh tewå? EIwu f vnf;
r&Gw&f awmhygbl;/ pdwfuvnf; r&Gwq f kd&awmh
ygbl;/ r&Gw&f ? rqdk&? rqifjcif&bJ wu,fukd
ÓPfESihf oHk;oyf od odvkduw f myg/ 0dyóem
ÓPfeJY jrifwm? odwmvdkY ac:ygw,f/
OD;acgif;vnf; r&S?d udkuw f mvnf; ray:?
wif;wmvnf; rawGU? ylwmat;wmvnf; ryg?
trsm;BuD;qdkwmvnf; aysmuf? wpfckwnf;qdkwm
awGvnf; r&Sad wmhbJ oHk;oyfwJh 0dyóemÓPf
tppfeJY awGUawmh tm;vHk;ynwfawG aysmufukef
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 41

ygw,f/ Munhrf &S?d jrifr&Sd oabmw&m; ouf


oufom &Syd gawmhw,f/
xif&Sm;wJh ½ky&f JU azmufjyefrIoabm ouf
oufom awGU&wmyg/ tm½Hk tMunhcf H? tm½Hk
t½IcH ½kyo f abmvnf; tMunfhcH&if; r&S?d Munfh
r&S/d Munhw f Jh? ½IwJh todÓPf ½Ipw d b
f ufuvnf;
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xif&Sm;ygawmhw,f/
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todÓPfeJY oabmaygufaewJhtcsdefrSm tem
a&m*gqdk;awGvnf; aysmufaeygw,f/ aoao
csmcsm oHk;oyfwJhenf;eJY MunhEf kdi?f tm;xkwEf kdi&f if
0dyóemtm;xkwfenf;vnf; rSefygNyD/ aeenf;
vnf; rSeyf gNyD/ aeenf; tm;xkwef nf; rSerf Sawmh
aoenf;vnf; rSeu f efpGm em;vnf oabmayguf
oGm;ygNyD/
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oufom qdk;0g; qdk;0g; b,ftcsed yf Jjzpfjzpf ½kyf
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tm½Hkajymif;wJhenf;eJY ½IyGm;vdkYvnf; &Ekid yf gw,f/
42 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

wdku½f kduMf unhNf yD; aocsmoHk;oyfwJh enf;eJYvnf;


½IyGm;Ekid yf gw,f/
orx ½Ienf;udk ajymif;NyD;awmhrS 0dyóem
udk wifNyD;½IwJh enf;&,f? 0dyóem oufouf
wkud ½f kduo f Hk;oyfwJh enf;&,fvkdY ESprf sKd ;&Sw
d myg/
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odxm;oifhwJhtwGuf ajymjy&wmyg/ vlwkdi;f udk
vnf; BudKwifoad pcsiyf gw,f/
BudKwifoNd yD; ½Iwwf? yGm;wwf? tm;xkwf
wwfvkdY&S&d if tm;xkw&f mrSmvnf; csr;f om? ae
xdki&f mrSmvnf; csr;f om? aocgeD; aowJhtcsed rf Sm
vnf;yJ csr;f csr;f omom aeEdkiyf gw,f/
'Dcsr;f omatmif aeEdkiw f Jh oabmtodawG
udk wu,f,HkMunfwJh o'¨gpdw"f mwfeJY ,HkMunfNyD;
0D&d,? owd? orm"d? ynm? owdåtm;awGudk
tm;udk;NyD; aewwf? tm;xkww f wfapcsiyf gw,f/
vlwdkif;udk BudKwifodapcsifwJhtwdkif; od
oGm;MuNyD;awmh t&d,myk*¾Kd vfrsm; tm;xkww f wf?
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 43

aewwf? aowwfovdk aeEdki?f tm;xkwEf kid w f Jh


olawmfaumif;awG jzpfMuygapvdkY qE´jyKvdkuyf g
w,f/
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awmifpGef;
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omoemawmfESpf (2542) ck? aumZmouú&mZf


(1360) jynfhESp?f uqkev f jynfhausmf (1) &uf?
wevFmaeY? (11.5.98) &ufaeY? eHeuf (7;05)
em&DwGif &Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;? ausmufrJNrdKU?
"r®ar'eD a&Tusifausmif;wdkufBuD;? yOörtBudrf
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a&;om;jyKpkrI NyD;pD;atmifjrifcJhygonf/
44 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

qkawmif;vTmESifh tmoDo

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ay;a0yg\/ trQay;a0yg\/
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Ekarmf om"kac:EdkiMf uukeo f nf jzpfí xyfwlxyfrQ
tusKd ;&Muygap ukeo f wnf;.../
vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf 45

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vdktyfrIrsm; rjynhpf HkrIrsm;udk awGU&Scd JhvQif
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rlEkdiMf uygonf/ ñTejf yrIukd
OD;xdyyf efqifvsuf

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46 vlwkdi;f odapcsiyf gonf

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